Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523722
D. Jurkiewicz, J. Chalfant, C. Chryssostomidis
Electrical power demands for naval surface combatants are projected to rise with the development of increasingly complex and power intensive combat systems. This trend coincides with the need to achieve maximum fuel efficiency at both high and low hull speeds. A proposed solution to meet current and future energy needs of conventionally powered naval surface combatants is through the use of an Integrated Power System (IPS), which is seen as the next evolution in naval ship design. In an effort to enhance the relationship between new-concept designs and historically-based ship design processes, this paper focuses on a novel approach of incorporating IPS at the earliest stage of the design process as part of assessing system-level tradeoffs early within the ship design process. This paper describes a methodology for the systematic design and arrangement of an IPS machinery plant to meet a desired power generation level. In conjunction with the methodology development, a hierarchical process and design tool were produced to assist in rapid development and evaluation of various IPS arrangements. The result of this process, through several case studies, provides insight into equipment selection philosophy, the initial sizing of the ship's machinery box, and the initial definition of electrical zones.
{"title":"Modular IPS machinery arrangement in early-stage naval ship design","authors":"D. Jurkiewicz, J. Chalfant, C. Chryssostomidis","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523722","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical power demands for naval surface combatants are projected to rise with the development of increasingly complex and power intensive combat systems. This trend coincides with the need to achieve maximum fuel efficiency at both high and low hull speeds. A proposed solution to meet current and future energy needs of conventionally powered naval surface combatants is through the use of an Integrated Power System (IPS), which is seen as the next evolution in naval ship design. In an effort to enhance the relationship between new-concept designs and historically-based ship design processes, this paper focuses on a novel approach of incorporating IPS at the earliest stage of the design process as part of assessing system-level tradeoffs early within the ship design process. This paper describes a methodology for the systematic design and arrangement of an IPS machinery plant to meet a desired power generation level. In conjunction with the methodology development, a hierarchical process and design tool were produced to assist in rapid development and evaluation of various IPS arrangements. The result of this process, through several case studies, provides insight into equipment selection philosophy, the initial sizing of the ship's machinery box, and the initial definition of electrical zones.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123776977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523758
S. Paran, C. Edrington
The power hardware in the loop (PHIL) method is a reliable simulation and validation technology. It can be utilized to augment the test of electrical, mechanical or electromechanical components or subsystems with high power ratings. In addition, it can also be used to characterize their behavior when connected to some complex electrical networks or mechanical environment. Reliable and safe performances are paramount in a PHIL system. Thus, the proper PHIL modeling and power interface validation precedes any experimental implementation. In this paper, we focus on the stability and accuracy of the damping impedance method (DIM) and we propose the modified DIM method which increases the accuracy and the stability of the PHIL through dynamic impedance matching of the load and the linking impedance component. Different cases are introduced in order to study the parameters which have effects on the PHIL system. First, the basic DIM method and the modified DIM architecture are introduced, and then two cases consisting of a constant load and a variable load will be presented, respectively.
{"title":"Improved power hardware in the loop interface methods via impedance matching","authors":"S. Paran, C. Edrington","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523758","url":null,"abstract":"The power hardware in the loop (PHIL) method is a reliable simulation and validation technology. It can be utilized to augment the test of electrical, mechanical or electromechanical components or subsystems with high power ratings. In addition, it can also be used to characterize their behavior when connected to some complex electrical networks or mechanical environment. Reliable and safe performances are paramount in a PHIL system. Thus, the proper PHIL modeling and power interface validation precedes any experimental implementation. In this paper, we focus on the stability and accuracy of the damping impedance method (DIM) and we propose the modified DIM method which increases the accuracy and the stability of the PHIL through dynamic impedance matching of the load and the linking impedance component. Different cases are introduced in order to study the parameters which have effects on the PHIL system. First, the basic DIM method and the modified DIM architecture are introduced, and then two cases consisting of a constant load and a variable load will be presented, respectively.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132870251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523720
R. Ahmadi, H. Behjati, M. Ferdowsi
This paper describes dynamic modeling and stability analysis of a dynamometer system in an electric ship propulsion test bench. The studied dynamometer is comprised of two electric machines coupled mechanically by one shaft. One of the electric machines acts as the propeller and applies power to the shaft; the other machine emulates the load condition and absorbs power.
{"title":"Dynamic modeling and stability analysis of an experimental test bench for electric-ship propulsion","authors":"R. Ahmadi, H. Behjati, M. Ferdowsi","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523720","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes dynamic modeling and stability analysis of a dynamometer system in an electric ship propulsion test bench. The studied dynamometer is comprised of two electric machines coupled mechanically by one shaft. One of the electric machines acts as the propeller and applies power to the shaft; the other machine emulates the load condition and absorbs power.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133628988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523743
S. Abdelwahed, A. Asrari, J. Crider, R. Dougal, M. Faruque, Y. Fu, J. Langston, Y. Lee, H. Mohammadpour, A. Ouroua, E. Santi, K. Shoder, S. Sudhoff, Y. Zhang, H. Zheng, E. Zivi
Reduced-order average-value models form the basis of a computationally efficient approach for studying shipboard power systems. As a result of neglecting fast states, this approach generally involves solving a set of differential algebraic equations. Although the reduced-order average-value modeling approach has been well studied in the literature, as simulation languages evolve the most programmatic approach to addressing the non-linear algebraic portion of the model changes as well. In this work, a number of approaches for implementing reduced-order average-value models of a small power system are compared.
{"title":"Reduced order modeling of a shipboard power system","authors":"S. Abdelwahed, A. Asrari, J. Crider, R. Dougal, M. Faruque, Y. Fu, J. Langston, Y. Lee, H. Mohammadpour, A. Ouroua, E. Santi, K. Shoder, S. Sudhoff, Y. Zhang, H. Zheng, E. Zivi","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523743","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced-order average-value models form the basis of a computationally efficient approach for studying shipboard power systems. As a result of neglecting fast states, this approach generally involves solving a set of differential algebraic equations. Although the reduced-order average-value modeling approach has been well studied in the literature, as simulation languages evolve the most programmatic approach to addressing the non-linear algebraic portion of the model changes as well. In this work, a number of approaches for implementing reduced-order average-value models of a small power system are compared.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"221 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120899735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523741
R. Bartelt, D. Meyer, C. Heising, V. Staudt
In converter-dominated grid structures with low short-circuit power available, the converter controls and nonlinearities of the converters have a strong influence on the overall system stability. E.g. sub-harmonic stability is a key issue in many fields of application like electric ship applications, railways and offshore wind. In order to achieve a reliable systems stability assessment, a comprehensive scenario-based assessment in time domain is unavoidable. Within this paper, the simulation tool VIAvento is briefly presented which allows for these comprehensive time-domain simulations taking the special characteristics of power-electronic assets into account. The capability of VIAvento is demonstrated with simulation results of a large-scale AC ship grid including more than 40 three-phase two-level converters. This capability makes time-domain grid planning and stability assessment in challenging converter topologies possible.
{"title":"Simulation of large-scale electric-ship AC grids using the simulation tool VIAvento","authors":"R. Bartelt, D. Meyer, C. Heising, V. Staudt","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523741","url":null,"abstract":"In converter-dominated grid structures with low short-circuit power available, the converter controls and nonlinearities of the converters have a strong influence on the overall system stability. E.g. sub-harmonic stability is a key issue in many fields of application like electric ship applications, railways and offshore wind. In order to achieve a reliable systems stability assessment, a comprehensive scenario-based assessment in time domain is unavoidable. Within this paper, the simulation tool VIAvento is briefly presented which allows for these comprehensive time-domain simulations taking the special characteristics of power-electronic assets into account. The capability of VIAvento is demonstrated with simulation results of a large-scale AC ship grid including more than 40 three-phase two-level converters. This capability makes time-domain grid planning and stability assessment in challenging converter topologies possible.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121180136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523721
M. Malenshek, M. Boley, M. Burke
This paper describes the process of optimizing a 450 volt shipboard power plant model. The model is developed in MathWorks® Simulink® and used for software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation of real-time control systems. At a total block count in excess of 135,000, the model complexity reached the point it could not be compiled. Additionally, one of the project requirements was to maintain soft real-time execution when compiled. Through the use of a number of optimization techniques, these goals were achieved. The key optimizations discussed are architectural changes, legacy code conversion, and continuous to discrete conversion.
{"title":"Marine electrical plant model code optimization to achieve soft real-time execution","authors":"M. Malenshek, M. Boley, M. Burke","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523721","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the process of optimizing a 450 volt shipboard power plant model. The model is developed in MathWorks® Simulink® and used for software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation of real-time control systems. At a total block count in excess of 135,000, the model complexity reached the point it could not be compiled. Additionally, one of the project requirements was to maintain soft real-time execution when compiled. Through the use of a number of optimization techniques, these goals were achieved. The key optimizations discussed are architectural changes, legacy code conversion, and continuous to discrete conversion.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121954359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523710
Y. Nyanteh, L. Graber, S. Srivastava, C. Edrington, D. Cartes, H. Rodrigo
This paper presents a model to simulate electrical trees in dielectric materials. The model accounts for the characteristic tree patterns and the partial discharges associated with the propagation of trees. This simulation model is used as basis to develop a diagnostic tool to determine the remaining life of insulation materials by relating the fractal dimension of the tree to the supply voltage and material properties. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the prognosis method.
{"title":"Determination of remaining life of rotating machines in Shipboard Power Systems by modeling of dielectric breakdown mechanisms","authors":"Y. Nyanteh, L. Graber, S. Srivastava, C. Edrington, D. Cartes, H. Rodrigo","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model to simulate electrical trees in dielectric materials. The model accounts for the characteristic tree patterns and the partial discharges associated with the propagation of trees. This simulation model is used as basis to develop a diagnostic tool to determine the remaining life of insulation materials by relating the fractal dimension of the tree to the supply voltage and material properties. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the prognosis method.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122082633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523738
C. Bruzzese, A. Tessarolo, T. Mazzuca, G. Scala
This paper analyzes feasibility and convenience of transition from conventional oleodynamic power drives onboard liner/military ships to all-electric drives (AEDs). Classical hydrostatic transmission drives (HTDs) are cumbersome, heavy, complex, low efficiency systems and need intensive maintenance for oil leakages and filters, but feature high torque/thrust density and reliability. Alternative AEDs feature compactness, high efficiency, modularity, and better electronic control by inverter, but advantages and limits must be evaluated. High torque/redundancy requirements need special designs. Two plant types are analyzed: mooring/anchor capstans and rudder steering gears. Commercial AEDs are considered, besides a new permanent-magnet linear motor under development suitable for rudder/fin direct drive application. HTDs and AEDs are compared on the basis of encumbrance, weight, efficiency, redundancy, maintenance, complexity, modularity, reliability. Advantages of using AEDs are outlined.
{"title":"A closer look to conventional hydraulic ship actuator systems and the convenience of shifting to (possibly) all-electric drives","authors":"C. Bruzzese, A. Tessarolo, T. Mazzuca, G. Scala","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523738","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes feasibility and convenience of transition from conventional oleodynamic power drives onboard liner/military ships to all-electric drives (AEDs). Classical hydrostatic transmission drives (HTDs) are cumbersome, heavy, complex, low efficiency systems and need intensive maintenance for oil leakages and filters, but feature high torque/thrust density and reliability. Alternative AEDs feature compactness, high efficiency, modularity, and better electronic control by inverter, but advantages and limits must be evaluated. High torque/redundancy requirements need special designs. Two plant types are analyzed: mooring/anchor capstans and rudder steering gears. Commercial AEDs are considered, besides a new permanent-magnet linear motor under development suitable for rudder/fin direct drive application. HTDs and AEDs are compared on the basis of encumbrance, weight, efficiency, redundancy, maintenance, complexity, modularity, reliability. Advantages of using AEDs are outlined.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132591986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523774
M. Mazzola, A. Card, S. Grzybowski, L. Graber, H. Rodrigo, M. Islam
This paper explores various power cable challenges for notional electric ship applications including future technology trends for shipboard power cables. To meet the demands of an “all electric ship,” the cabling requirements of the design are not a trivial issue which can result in significant error in estimating final size, weight, and cost at time of construction along with costly failures and early repairs that impact lifecycle cost. This paper provides information on the development of a design tool known as a “Generic Cable Calculator” to estimate parameters such as impedances, weights, and bending radii for ship power cabling. Analysis of actual experience in designing ship cabling suggests improvements in early design tools needed to capture additional requirements in terms of grounding, shielding, and satisfying current standards for cables used in the variable frequency drive train. Also addressed are results specific to future trends of cable insulation and future standards.
{"title":"Tools and dielectric requirements for the design of marine cabling systems","authors":"M. Mazzola, A. Card, S. Grzybowski, L. Graber, H. Rodrigo, M. Islam","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523774","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores various power cable challenges for notional electric ship applications including future technology trends for shipboard power cables. To meet the demands of an “all electric ship,” the cabling requirements of the design are not a trivial issue which can result in significant error in estimating final size, weight, and cost at time of construction along with costly failures and early repairs that impact lifecycle cost. This paper provides information on the development of a design tool known as a “Generic Cable Calculator” to estimate parameters such as impedances, weights, and bending radii for ship power cabling. Analysis of actual experience in designing ship cabling suggests improvements in early design tools needed to capture additional requirements in terms of grounding, shielding, and satisfying current standards for cables used in the variable frequency drive train. Also addressed are results specific to future trends of cable insulation and future standards.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523705
G. Kusic, J. Heinzel, D. Hoffman
In this paper, forthcoming distributed generation and energy storage systems for ships are monitored by Sampled State Estimation (SSE). The paper demonstrates how a high data rate from transducers on the electrical system can be used in a discrete version of State Estimation that is effective in transient conditions as well as in steady operation. Various energy storage devices such as batteries are distributed around the ship and employed in conjunction with rotating machine generation in order to deliver pulses of power that far exceed the capability of the rotating machines. The distributed energy storage is coordinated to serve high pulse loads and employed to service local loads via dc/dc or dc/ac converters for fail-safe local power operation. The advantages of State Estimation on ship power systems are demonstrated for sampled data from current and voltage transducers.
{"title":"Monitoring pulsed power on ship electrical systems","authors":"G. Kusic, J. Heinzel, D. Hoffman","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523705","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, forthcoming distributed generation and energy storage systems for ships are monitored by Sampled State Estimation (SSE). The paper demonstrates how a high data rate from transducers on the electrical system can be used in a discrete version of State Estimation that is effective in transient conditions as well as in steady operation. Various energy storage devices such as batteries are distributed around the ship and employed in conjunction with rotating machine generation in order to deliver pulses of power that far exceed the capability of the rotating machines. The distributed energy storage is coordinated to serve high pulse loads and employed to service local loads via dc/dc or dc/ac converters for fail-safe local power operation. The advantages of State Estimation on ship power systems are demonstrated for sampled data from current and voltage transducers.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128717628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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