Pub Date : 2017-12-02DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.11
I. Hůnová
Ground-level ozone (O3) is a key atmospheric constituent participating in many important atmospheric reactions, and has many negative effects both on human health and the environment. We have measured O3 ambient concentrations in four Czech rural areas of great natural value: the Orlicke hory Mts., Novohradske hory Mts., Ceske Svycarsko and Jizerske hory Mts. For our measurement we used Ogawa diffusive samplers. The measurements were carried out during the vegetations seasons of 2004–2010, the samplers were exposed for two-weeks periods and the filters analyzed in the CHMI laboratory. The aim of this paper is to summarize the experience we have of using the diffusive sampling method in the field.
地面臭氧(O3)是参与许多重要大气反应的关键大气成分，对人类健康和环境都有许多负面影响。我们测量了捷克四个具有重要自然价值的农村地区的O3环境浓度:Orlicke hory Mts.， Novohradske hory Mts.， Ceske Svycarsko .和Jizerske hory Mts.。对于我们的测量，我们使用了Ogawa扩散采样器。测量在2004-2010年植被季节进行，采样器暴露两周，过滤器在CHMI实验室进行分析。本文的目的是总结我们在野外使用扩散采样方法的经验。
{"title":"Measurements of ground-level ozone in Czech mountain forests: what we have learnt from using diffusive samplers","authors":"I. Hůnová","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.11","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-level ozone (O3) is a key atmospheric constituent participating in many important atmospheric reactions, and has many negative effects both on human health and the environment. We have measured O3 ambient concentrations in four Czech rural areas of great natural value: the Orlicke hory Mts., Novohradske hory Mts., Ceske Svycarsko and Jizerske hory Mts. For our measurement we used Ogawa diffusive samplers. The measurements were carried out during the vegetations seasons of 2004–2010, the samplers were exposed for two-weeks periods and the filters analyzed in the CHMI laboratory. The aim of this paper is to summarize the experience we have of using the diffusive sampling method in the field.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"68 7","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.4
D. Romportl, P. Kuna
Central European landscape has undergone dramatic changes during the last decades. Big changes in the political and economic systems resulted in a large-scale transformation in land use, especially in the agricultural and silvicultural sectors. At the same time, significant changes in urban regions were recorded. In order to quantify and compare the most important processes in land cover changes, we analyzed so-called land cover flows within four post-communist countries in Central Europe – Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary – using CORINE Land Cover databases for 1990, 2000 and 2006. Contradictory processes in landscape change were recorded such as large scale agricultural extensification vs. intensification, or afforestation vs. deforestation. Moreover, there are significant regional differences in the changes in spatial patterns.
{"title":"The changes that occurred in land cover in postcommunist countries in Central Europe","authors":"D. Romportl, P. Kuna","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.4","url":null,"abstract":"Central European landscape has undergone dramatic changes during the last decades. Big changes in the political and economic systems resulted in a large-scale transformation in land use, especially in the agricultural and silvicultural sectors. At the same time, significant changes in urban regions were recorded. In order to quantify and compare the most important processes in land cover changes, we analyzed so-called land cover flows within four post-communist countries in Central Europe – Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary – using CORINE Land Cover databases for 1990, 2000 and 2006. Contradictory processes in landscape change were recorded such as large scale agricultural extensification vs. intensification, or afforestation vs. deforestation. Moreover, there are significant regional differences in the changes in spatial patterns.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.5
D. Romportl, A. Bláhová, M. Andreas, E. Chumanová, M. Anděra, J. Červený
Here we determine the distribution, numbers and habitat preferences of two of the largest species in the family Cervidae present in the Czech Republic, red deer and Eurasian elk. Red deer occurs predominantly in vast areas of forest, i.e. mainly in the mountains bordering this country and several large forest units in the interior. The range of this species has been increasing along with the size of its population. Areas of its permanent occurrence may be generally characterized as regions largely covered with deciduous and coniferous forests and pastures, and regions with a more diverse landscape. Red deer does not occur in areas that are mainly arable or urban, or in areas covered with extensive water bodies and wetlands. As these animals prefer large forests, they occur mainly at high altitudes where the terrain is rugged. The Eurasian elk permanently occurs in the Czech Republic in a single area located between the state border and the right bank of the Lipno Dam. Its home range has been diminishing, presumably along with its numbers. The area of its permanent occurrence is characterized by an abundance of coniferous trees, some pastures and water bodies. The Eurasian elk does not occur in areas covered with arable and urban land but also surprisingly in areas with mainly deciduous forest. Both species prefer high altitudes, but Eurasian elk prefers areas with little difference in the terrain vertically.
{"title":"Current distribution and habitat preferences of red deer and Eurasian elk in the Czech Republic","authors":"D. Romportl, A. Bláhová, M. Andreas, E. Chumanová, M. Anděra, J. Červený","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.5","url":null,"abstract":"Here we determine the distribution, numbers and habitat preferences of two of the largest species in the family Cervidae present in the Czech Republic, red deer and Eurasian elk. Red deer occurs predominantly in vast areas of forest, i.e. mainly in the mountains bordering this country and several large forest units in the interior. The range of this species has been increasing along with the size of its population. Areas of its permanent occurrence may be generally characterized as regions largely covered with deciduous and coniferous forests and pastures, and regions with a more diverse landscape. Red deer does not occur in areas that are mainly arable or urban, or in areas covered with extensive water bodies and wetlands. As these animals prefer large forests, they occur mainly at high altitudes where the terrain is rugged. The Eurasian elk permanently occurs in the Czech Republic in a single area located between the state border and the right bank of the Lipno Dam. Its home range has been diminishing, presumably along with its numbers. The area of its permanent occurrence is characterized by an abundance of coniferous trees, some pastures and water bodies. The Eurasian elk does not occur in areas covered with arable and urban land but also surprisingly in areas with mainly deciduous forest. Both species prefer high altitudes, but Eurasian elk prefers areas with little difference in the terrain vertically.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"50-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42994894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.2
Martin Civiš, Devraj Thimmaiah, J. Hovorka
A metallic cylindrical resuspension chamber (V = 0.437 m3, S = 0.35 m2, S/V = 8.38) was constructed to disperse samples of soil and various kinds of dust. The chamber allows on-line determination of number/mass size distribution of aerosol particles formed by dispersion and subsequent sampling of size-segregated particles on filter media. The samples tested were lignite, power plant flue ash and overburden soil from the Nastup coal strip mine in Northern Bohemia. About 20 mg of the individual samples were pneumatically dispersed by 0.5 liter of pressurized air inside the chamber under defined temperature and humidity conditions. Then the dynamics of aerosol size distributions was recorded using an aerodynamic particle sizer with a frequency of 5 seconds. The lignite and flue ash contributed most to the mass of atmospheric aerosol particles smaller than 10/2.5 micrometer – PM10/ PM2.5. The re-suspended mass of the samples varied between 0.001% for overburden soil and 0.32% for mine road soil. The aerosolized lignite and flue ash samples, sampled by a Harvard Impactor and a Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler, revealed that the ash contained higher amounts of fine particles than the lignite and subsequent chemical analyses, carried out using SEM-EDX, reveals that the PM2.5 fraction formed by dispersion of the ash samples had the highest content of sulphur, and PM10 was dominated by Si. PM10 was closest to mullite, while the PM2.5 fraction contained sulphides, pyrites, pyrrhotites and polytypes of sulphide. The PM1 fraction was dominated by quartz glass. The fractions of sizes 2.5–1 μm and 0.5–0.25 μm were dominated by Si and S, respectively.
{"title":"Characterization of dust samples from a coal strip mine using a resuspension chamber","authors":"Martin Civiš, Devraj Thimmaiah, J. Hovorka","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.2","url":null,"abstract":"A metallic cylindrical resuspension chamber (V = 0.437 m3, S = 0.35 m2, S/V = 8.38) was constructed to disperse samples of soil and various kinds of dust. The chamber allows on-line determination of number/mass size distribution of aerosol particles formed by dispersion and subsequent sampling of size-segregated particles on filter media. The samples tested were lignite, power plant flue ash and overburden soil from the Nastup coal strip mine in Northern Bohemia. About 20 mg of the individual samples were pneumatically dispersed by 0.5 liter of pressurized air inside the chamber under defined temperature and humidity conditions. Then the dynamics of aerosol size distributions was recorded using an aerodynamic particle sizer with a frequency of 5 seconds. The lignite and flue ash contributed most to the mass of atmospheric aerosol particles smaller than 10/2.5 micrometer – PM10/ PM2.5. The re-suspended mass of the samples varied between 0.001% for overburden soil and 0.32% for mine road soil. The aerosolized lignite and flue ash samples, sampled by a Harvard Impactor and a Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler, revealed that the ash contained higher amounts of fine particles than the lignite and subsequent chemical analyses, carried out using SEM-EDX, reveals that the PM2.5 fraction formed by dispersion of the ash samples had the highest content of sulphur, and PM10 was dominated by Si. PM10 was closest to mullite, while the PM2.5 fraction contained sulphides, pyrites, pyrrhotites and polytypes of sulphide. The PM1 fraction was dominated by quartz glass. The fractions of sizes 2.5–1 μm and 0.5–0.25 μm were dominated by Si and S, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.3
V. Jiřík, H. Tomášková, O. Machaczka, Lucie Kissová, B. Břežná, A. Dalecká, V. Janout
The main objective was to provide a feasible approach for approximately apportioning the sources of air pollution based on simple calculations using measured concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological data. The methods are based on dividing a monitored area into sectors using a common compass rose and obtaining hourly average concentrations of pollutants and relevant data on wind direction and speed over at least three seasons of a year. As a result, the relative contributions of all sources of air pollution in an area with a monitoring station are determined, together with the absolute contributions of single or groups of sources of pollution and the levels to which the emissions need to be reduced to meet the requirements of Directive 2008/50/ESt. The proposed methods are verified using data from measuring stations complying with that required by this Directive and are suitable for improving plans aimed at reducing air pollution as defined by the same document. This approach using data for a particular area revealed a total concentration of PM10 of 22.72 μg/m3, with the maximum permissible concentration of 12.33 μg/m3 this necessitates a reduction in concentration of the contributions from this selected group sources of 10.37 μg/m3. When these simple methods are used, further and more accurate apportionments of the source could be made using more complex mathematical modelling. However, this is only necessary in areas with many sources of pollution. Although these methods cannot compete with disperse and other types of modelling they may be useful in providing a basic overview of the situation in a particular area.
{"title":"Proposal for an indicative method for assessing and apportioning the source of air pollution","authors":"V. Jiřík, H. Tomášková, O. Machaczka, Lucie Kissová, B. Břežná, A. Dalecká, V. Janout","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.3","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective was to provide a feasible approach for approximately apportioning the sources of air pollution based on simple calculations using measured concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological data. The methods are based on dividing a monitored area into sectors using a common compass rose and obtaining hourly average concentrations of pollutants and relevant data on wind direction and speed over at least three seasons of a year. As a result, the relative contributions of all sources of air pollution in an area with a monitoring station are determined, together with the absolute contributions of single or groups of sources of pollution and the levels to which the emissions need to be reduced to meet the requirements of Directive 2008/50/ESt. The proposed methods are verified using data from measuring stations complying with that required by this Directive and are suitable for improving plans aimed at reducing air pollution as defined by the same document. This approach using data for a particular area revealed a total concentration of PM10 of 22.72 μg/m3, with the maximum permissible concentration of 12.33 μg/m3 this necessitates a reduction in concentration of the contributions from this selected group sources of 10.37 μg/m3. When these simple methods are used, further and more accurate apportionments of the source could be made using more complex mathematical modelling. However, this is only necessary in areas with many sources of pollution. Although these methods cannot compete with disperse and other types of modelling they may be useful in providing a basic overview of the situation in a particular area.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41617360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.6
Kateřina Sukačová, J. Červený
Eutrophication of water by nutrient pollution is a global environmental issue. Biological methods for removing nutrients are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Therefore, this article summarizes main trends in the use of algae for removing nutrients from wastewater using both suspended and attached algal-based systems. A wide variety of algal species and experimental approaches has been tested to date. Researchers report that algae are able to effectively remove a variety of pollutants and nutrients. This review also discusses the potential of algal-based technology for nutrient, especially phosphorus, recovery. Despite the fact that effective nutrient removal has been demonstrated, there are still many challenges to be overcome in the development of succesfull technologies.
{"title":"Can algal biotechnology bring effective solution for closing the phosphorus cycle? Use of algae for nutrient removal – review of past trends and future perspectives in the context of nutrient recovery","authors":"Kateřina Sukačová, J. Červený","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.6","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication of water by nutrient pollution is a global environmental issue. Biological methods for removing nutrients are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Therefore, this article summarizes main trends in the use of algae for removing nutrients from wastewater using both suspended and attached algal-based systems. A wide variety of algal species and experimental approaches has been tested to date. Researchers report that algae are able to effectively remove a variety of pollutants and nutrients. This review also discusses the potential of algal-based technology for nutrient, especially phosphorus, recovery. Despite the fact that effective nutrient removal has been demonstrated, there are still many challenges to be overcome in the development of succesfull technologies.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44310656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.1
Navnita Sharma, A. Aggarwal, K. Yadav
A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effect of two dominant indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, viz. Funneliformis mosseae (F) and Acaulospora laevis (A), on the growth of Phaseolus mungo subjected to salinity levels of 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1. Mycorrhizal fungi alone and in combination improved the growth of the plants at all the salinity levels over that of the untreated control plants. However, a combination of F. mosseae and A. laevis resulted in maximum root and shoot length, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, mycorrhization, nodulation, phosphatase activity, phosphorus uptake and yield at the 8 dS m−1 salinity level. Peroxidase activity and electrolyte leakage were minimum at the 8 dS m−1 salinity level due to improved water absorption as a result of the highest mycorrhization occurring at this level of salinity. Nitrogen and potassium uptake decreased with increase in salinity and highest uptake of these nutrient elements was recorded in the treatment with both mycorrhizal fungi at a salinity level of 4 dS m−1. The results of the present experiment indicate P. mungo inoculated with F. mosseae and A. laevis can be successfully cultivated of at salinity level of 8 dS m−1. Saline soils with an electrical conductivity of nearly 12 dS m−1 were not suitable for growing this legume.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance growth, physiological parameters and yield of salt stressed Phaseolus mungo (L.) Hepper","authors":"Navnita Sharma, A. Aggarwal, K. Yadav","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.1","url":null,"abstract":"A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effect of two dominant indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, viz. Funneliformis mosseae (F) and Acaulospora laevis (A), on the growth of Phaseolus mungo subjected to salinity levels of 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1. Mycorrhizal fungi alone and in combination improved the growth of the plants at all the salinity levels over that of the untreated control plants. However, a combination of F. mosseae and A. laevis resulted in maximum root and shoot length, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, mycorrhization, nodulation, phosphatase activity, phosphorus uptake and yield at the 8 dS m−1 salinity level. Peroxidase activity and electrolyte leakage were minimum at the 8 dS m−1 salinity level due to improved water absorption as a result of the highest mycorrhization occurring at this level of salinity. Nitrogen and potassium uptake decreased with increase in salinity and highest uptake of these nutrient elements was recorded in the treatment with both mycorrhizal fungi at a salinity level of 4 dS m−1. The results of the present experiment indicate P. mungo inoculated with F. mosseae and A. laevis can be successfully cultivated of at salinity level of 8 dS m−1. Saline soils with an electrical conductivity of nearly 12 dS m−1 were not suitable for growing this legume.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-13DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.7
K. Valentová
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an endangered species and its population size is steadily declining. This review attempts to introduce and analyse the main factors threatening its survival in each of the countries in which it occurs: China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. To conserve the remaining snow leopard populations, it is necessary to determine where it occurs in the various areas. Here, recent data on its worldwide distribution are presented. Snow leopard has a very secretive lifestyle, which makes it difficult to estimate its abundance. Therefore, I also present an overview of the methods, such as searching for signs of its presence, capture-recapture, predator : prey biomass ratios, photographic-capture rate and genetic analyses, used for estimating the abundance of snow leopard in different studies and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
{"title":"Abundance and threats to the survival of the snow leopard – a review","authors":"K. Valentová","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.7","url":null,"abstract":"Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an endangered species and its population size is steadily declining. This review attempts to introduce and analyse the main factors threatening its survival in each of the countries in which it occurs: China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. To conserve the remaining snow leopard populations, it is necessary to determine where it occurs in the various areas. Here, recent data on its worldwide distribution are presented. Snow leopard has a very secretive lifestyle, which makes it difficult to estimate its abundance. Therefore, I also present an overview of the methods, such as searching for signs of its presence, capture-recapture, predator : prey biomass ratios, photographic-capture rate and genetic analyses, used for estimating the abundance of snow leopard in different studies and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"73-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.17
T. Janik, D. Romportl
Landscape typologies provide their users with a spatial framework, which could be used for management, assessment of landscape changes and monitoring of biodiversity or natural processes. The aim of this article is to distinguish and compare landscape types across the largest natural area within Central Europe. Cluster analysis based on physical-geographical data was used to differentiate particular types of environmental conditions. The results are suitable for comparing both national parks and their management.
{"title":"Comparative landscape typology of the Bohemian and Bavarian Forest National Parks","authors":"T. Janik, D. Romportl","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.17","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape typologies provide their users with a spatial framework, which could be used for management, assessment of landscape changes and monitoring of biodiversity or natural processes. The aim of this article is to distinguish and compare landscape types across the largest natural area within Central Europe. Cluster analysis based on physical-geographical data was used to differentiate particular types of environmental conditions. The results are suitable for comparing both national parks and their management.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"114-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.13
M. Lodenius
External pollution load in the Baltic Sea originates from urban, agricultural and industrial sources. Emissions of heavy metals have decreased substantially in the catchment area but the temporal trends are not always significant and differ with sample, area and pollutant. The most significant source of anthropogenic radioactivity in the Baltic Sea is fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Many factors affect the future development of pollutant concentrations including anthropogenic emissions, political decisions and changes in salinity, temperature and water currents, in eutrophication and oxygen status, in fisheries and in atmospheric deposition of pollutants. Large scale changes like eutrophication and climate change affect ecosystems in many ways, directly and indirectly, causing biological and abiotic effects. These factors are interrelated and difficult to predict. Measures aiming to enhance the ecological status of the Baltic Sea will certainly give positive results but this will take at least several decades.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Metal and Radionuclide Pollution In the Baltic Sea","authors":"M. Lodenius","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.13","url":null,"abstract":"External pollution load in the Baltic Sea originates from urban, agricultural and industrial sources. Emissions of heavy metals have decreased substantially in the catchment area but the temporal trends are not always significant and differ with sample, area and pollutant. The most significant source of anthropogenic radioactivity in the Baltic Sea is fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Many factors affect the future development of pollutant concentrations including anthropogenic emissions, political decisions and changes in salinity, temperature and water currents, in eutrophication and oxygen status, in fisheries and in atmospheric deposition of pollutants. Large scale changes like eutrophication and climate change affect ecosystems in many ways, directly and indirectly, causing biological and abiotic effects. These factors are interrelated and difficult to predict. Measures aiming to enhance the ecological status of the Baltic Sea will certainly give positive results but this will take at least several decades.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67041747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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