Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.7
T. Giakoumis, N. Voulvoulis
The river basin approach of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the introduction of ecological status represent a shift in the assessment and management of freshwater systems from discipline-specific to more holistic, catchment-based principles. At the core of the WFD’s approach are catchments as highly interconnected systems. Despite strict timetables, progress towards achieving the WFD objectives has been slow, with deterioration in some cases not being halted. In this paper, looking at evidence from five European basins (Adige, Anglian, Ebro, Evrotas and Sava) we identify some of the key implementation challenges faced by each catchment during the development and implementation of the 1st River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) of 2009. Despite significant differences in socio-ecological conditions, geographic coverage and starting points in the implementation between these river basins, findings highlight some similar key issues. The lack of a common systemic understanding of each river basin and detailed monitoring data to capture pressure-status interactions in order to anticipate how the system will react to interventions; as well as compliance driven implementation efforts were underlying problems in all five study areas. While some improvements to address these problems can be seen in the 2nd River Basin Management Planning Cycle (2015–2016), our findings demonstrate that a more effective approach is to question the deviation of the whole implementation from the directive’s systemic nature and therefore improve the adaptive, collaborative, participatory and interdisciplinary nature of the implementation efforts.
{"title":"Progress with monitoring and assessment in the WFD implementation in five European river basins: significant differences but similar problems","authors":"T. Giakoumis, N. Voulvoulis","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.7","url":null,"abstract":"The river basin approach of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the introduction of ecological status represent a shift in the assessment and management of freshwater systems from discipline-specific to more holistic, catchment-based principles. At the core of the WFD’s approach are catchments as highly interconnected systems. Despite strict timetables, progress towards achieving the WFD objectives has been slow, with deterioration in some cases not being halted. In this paper, looking at evidence from five European basins (Adige, Anglian, Ebro, Evrotas and Sava) we identify some of the key implementation challenges faced by each catchment during the development and implementation of the 1st River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) of 2009. Despite significant differences in socio-ecological conditions, geographic coverage and starting points in the implementation between these river basins, findings highlight some similar key issues. The lack of a common systemic understanding of each river basin and detailed monitoring data to capture pressure-status interactions in order to anticipate how the system will react to interventions; as well as compliance driven implementation efforts were underlying problems in all five study areas. While some improvements to address these problems can be seen in the 2nd River Basin Management Planning Cycle (2015–2016), our findings demonstrate that a more effective approach is to question the deviation of the whole implementation from the directive’s systemic nature and therefore improve the adaptive, collaborative, participatory and interdisciplinary nature of the implementation efforts.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42100597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.4
G. Pozoukidou
Understanding cities and their development is a complex and multifaceted issue. Cities are places where individuals, households, companiesetc. concentrate to benefit from the agglomeration and proximity of urban activities. There are many ways to approach the critical questionof how urban activities are spatially organized and interrelated to produce space and create cities. Recently a great number of complexsystems were developed as part of the complexity theory approach in order to study urban dynamics, while mathematical models are seenas a new opportunity to explore the spatial relations via new evolutionary approaches. Taking into consideration that the world is complex and no model can incorporate all the possible factors that cause urban growth wefocus on the dynamics of land use and transportaiton infrastructure using a simple urban model for the periurban area of east Thessaloniki.Given the fact that there are no records of such models being used in studies of Greek cities over the last 25 years, makes this an importantcontribution to the use of models in a greek setting. Therefore, an applicability assessment of the model for the three different modellingsteps (data acquisition, calibration and forecasting) is conducted. The application of the model indicates that despite issues about theavailability of data, the calibration and forecasting results are promising for the use of urban models in greek cities. Furthermore it highlightsthe significance of using quantitative methods for understanding cities as systems, which in turn will enable us to make better planningdecisions about our cities in the future.
{"title":"Modeling urban dynamics: the case of periurban development in east Thessaloniki","authors":"G. Pozoukidou","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.4","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding cities and their development is a complex and multifaceted issue. Cities are places where individuals, households, companiesetc. concentrate to benefit from the agglomeration and proximity of urban activities. There are many ways to approach the critical questionof how urban activities are spatially organized and interrelated to produce space and create cities. Recently a great number of complexsystems were developed as part of the complexity theory approach in order to study urban dynamics, while mathematical models are seenas a new opportunity to explore the spatial relations via new evolutionary approaches. \u0000Taking into consideration that the world is complex and no model can incorporate all the possible factors that cause urban growth wefocus on the dynamics of land use and transportaiton infrastructure using a simple urban model for the periurban area of east Thessaloniki.Given the fact that there are no records of such models being used in studies of Greek cities over the last 25 years, makes this an importantcontribution to the use of models in a greek setting. Therefore, an applicability assessment of the model for the three different modellingsteps (data acquisition, calibration and forecasting) is conducted. The application of the model indicates that despite issues about theavailability of data, the calibration and forecasting results are promising for the use of urban models in greek cities. Furthermore it highlightsthe significance of using quantitative methods for understanding cities as systems, which in turn will enable us to make better planningdecisions about our cities in the future.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45822089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.2
Athina Bili, D. Vagiona
Since wind power is one of the most promising sources of Renewable Energy (RES), the number of wind farms installed around the worldis constantly increasing. The aim of this paper is to develop a mechanism for determining and evaluating the suitability of areas for sitingwind farms, using a combination of Multi-criteria Data Analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This study was carried out onthe island of Andros, Greece. The process involved a four-step gradual exclusion of unsuitable areas for siting wind farms and an evaluationof compatible areas using criteria both from this country’s institutional framework and international literature. During the evaluation ofavailable areas, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pairwise comparison is used in which the weightings were determined bya group of experts. Despite the very favourable wind conditions on Andros, only a small percentage of its total area was given a high scorefor siting wind farms, due to the strict constraints imposed. The proposed methodology for the optimum siting of wind parks can be used inany study area and at any planning scale (local, regional, national level).
{"title":"Use of multicriteria analysis and GIS for selecting sites for onshore wind farms: the case of Andros Island (Greece)","authors":"Athina Bili, D. Vagiona","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.2","url":null,"abstract":"Since wind power is one of the most promising sources of Renewable Energy (RES), the number of wind farms installed around the worldis constantly increasing. The aim of this paper is to develop a mechanism for determining and evaluating the suitability of areas for sitingwind farms, using a combination of Multi-criteria Data Analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This study was carried out onthe island of Andros, Greece. The process involved a four-step gradual exclusion of unsuitable areas for siting wind farms and an evaluationof compatible areas using criteria both from this country’s institutional framework and international literature. During the evaluation ofavailable areas, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pairwise comparison is used in which the weightings were determined bya group of experts. Despite the very favourable wind conditions on Andros, only a small percentage of its total area was given a high scorefor siting wind farms, due to the strict constraints imposed. The proposed methodology for the optimum siting of wind parks can be used inany study area and at any planning scale (local, regional, national level).","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45213685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.11
A. B. Gonzales
The study assessed the status of the Rapu-Rapu Minerals, Incorporated (RRMI) and the Filminera Resources Corporation (FRC) which are the polymetallic and mineral mining sites, respectively in the Bicol Region, Philippines regarding their mine closure and decommissioning procedures in relation to the impact communities that they engaged. It is in this context that the study was implemented to set a management direction in the inevitable event of mine closure and decommissioning. The study utilized the qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Respondents consisted of the key officials of government agencies and municipal and barangay officials as well as households of the host and impact communities covering the two mining sites of Rapu-Rapu and Aroroy as well as community organizations and mining company representatives. Findings showed that both mining sites extract similar resources and have been paying taxes to the Philippine government. Although the RRMI has initiated its mine closure process, decommissioning is underway and still needs to undergo its standard procedure with various stakeholders, while FRC has its operations ongoing. It is recommended that mine closure planning must be integrated within the overall mine operations plan, and should be integral to the operational life cycle of the mine sites.
{"title":"Sustainable decommissioning and integrated closure planning of selected mine sites in the Bicol Region, Philippines","authors":"A. B. Gonzales","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the status of the Rapu-Rapu Minerals, Incorporated (RRMI) and the Filminera Resources Corporation (FRC) which are the polymetallic and mineral mining sites, respectively in the Bicol Region, Philippines regarding their mine closure and decommissioning procedures in relation to the impact communities that they engaged. It is in this context that the study was implemented to set a management direction in the inevitable event of mine closure and decommissioning. The study utilized the qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Respondents consisted of the key officials of government agencies and municipal and barangay officials as well as households of the host and impact communities covering the two mining sites of Rapu-Rapu and Aroroy as well as community organizations and mining company representatives. Findings showed that both mining sites extract similar resources and have been paying taxes to the Philippine government. Although the RRMI has initiated its mine closure process, decommissioning is underway and still needs to undergo its standard procedure with various stakeholders, while FRC has its operations ongoing. It is recommended that mine closure planning must be integrated within the overall mine operations plan, and should be integral to the operational life cycle of the mine sites.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41836594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.12
A. Pervez, Rajesh Kumar
We investigated prey preference of adult male and female Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) when fed on the aphids, Aphis craccivora and Lipaphis erysimi, which sequester toxic allelochemicals from their host plants. Both the male and female adults of P. dissecta prefer to consume L. erysimi in most mixed diet treatments (cafeteria experiment). This was well supported by significantly high values of the β and C prey preference indices. However, when provided with these aphids separately, the adults showed no significant difference in aphid consumption, regardless of the species of aphid and sex of the adult ladybird. We conclude that host plant allelochemicals/toxicants have a direct effect on prey preference of ladybirds. Host plant toxic constituents can alter the biochemical composition of the most preferred prey and make them the least preferred. Mixing two toxic similar diets can make one diet more suitable than the other.
{"title":"Preference of the aphidophagous ladybird Propylea dissecta for two species of aphids reared on toxic host plants","authors":"A. Pervez, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.12","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated prey preference of adult male and female Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) when fed on the aphids, Aphis craccivora and Lipaphis erysimi, which sequester toxic allelochemicals from their host plants. Both the male and female adults of P. dissecta prefer to consume L. erysimi in most mixed diet treatments (cafeteria experiment). This was well supported by significantly high values of the β and C prey preference indices. However, when provided with these aphids separately, the adults showed no significant difference in aphid consumption, regardless of the species of aphid and sex of the adult ladybird. We conclude that host plant allelochemicals/toxicants have a direct effect on prey preference of ladybirds. Host plant toxic constituents can alter the biochemical composition of the most preferred prey and make them the least preferred. Mixing two toxic similar diets can make one diet more suitable than the other.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"130-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.13
Zuzana Štípková, D. Romportl, Veronika Černocká, P. Kindlmann
Species distribution models are a useful tool and are now often used in many branches of biology, especially when dealing with threatened organisms. In combination with GIS techniques, these models are especially important and valuable for predicting the occurrence of rare species, for example orchids. Orchids are an endangered plant group, protected worldwide. Questions about their conservation are therefore highly discussed, but not all factors affecting their survival and distribution are known. Here we present an example of using SDMs for analysing orchid species occurrence data from the Jeseniky Mountains in the Czech Republic. Our data were analysed using the MaxEnt program, which produces species distribution maps and thus allows the prediction of the potential occurrence of orchids at yet unknown localities. This program also determines the environmental factors affecting species distribution. This is important for the better protection of orchids, because only by knowing these factors can new localities be found or the management plans that are crucial for maintaining orchid localities be improved. We studied the most abundant orchid species in the given region. We determined the most important factors affecting their occurrence and also areas, where new sites are most likely to be discovered and depicted them in potential distribution maps. This approach can help in finding new localities of orchids and in understanding, which environmental factors influence the occurrence of endangered orchids.
{"title":"Factors associated with the distributions of orchids in the Jeseníky mountains, Czech Republic","authors":"Zuzana Štípková, D. Romportl, Veronika Černocká, P. Kindlmann","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution models are a useful tool and are now often used in many branches of biology, especially when dealing with threatened organisms. In combination with GIS techniques, these models are especially important and valuable for predicting the occurrence of rare species, for example orchids. Orchids are an endangered plant group, protected worldwide. Questions about their conservation are therefore highly discussed, but not all factors affecting their survival and distribution are known. Here we present an example of using SDMs for analysing orchid species occurrence data from the Jeseniky Mountains in the Czech Republic. Our data were analysed using the MaxEnt program, which produces species distribution maps and thus allows the prediction of the potential occurrence of orchids at yet unknown localities. This program also determines the environmental factors affecting species distribution. This is important for the better protection of orchids, because only by knowing these factors can new localities be found or the management plans that are crucial for maintaining orchid localities be improved. We studied the most abundant orchid species in the given region. We determined the most important factors affecting their occurrence and also areas, where new sites are most likely to be discovered and depicted them in potential distribution maps. This approach can help in finding new localities of orchids and in understanding, which environmental factors influence the occurrence of endangered orchids.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44104119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.10
E. Katsalirou, A. Gerakis, Xenophon Haldas, G. Deconninck
A time-consuming yet mandatory step during in vitro sexual propagation of orchids is the treatment of seeds with a disinfecting solution that also serves to scarify the seeds. If the seeds are not properly disinfected, microorganisms grow within the culture vessel, thus reducing the efficacy of the process and burdening the operation with unnecessary materials and labour. On the other hand, a long period of disinfection may damage the seed. The literature is inconclusive with respect to the proper combination of solution strength and duration of the treatment, especially with respect to Mediterranean orchids. The objective of this research is to determine optimal disinfection/scarification times for two species with thin and thick seed coats, respectively. Seeds of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) and Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) were treated in 1% NaClO solution for 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 minutes and sown in modified organic Malmgren medium. Logistic regression models were fitted to the results. Due to the small number of observations per treatment, regression models of infection rates on treatment duration had no more predictive ability than the mean infection rate. On the other hand, regression models of germination rates on treatment duration proved statistically significant or nearly so. Treatment of only a few minutes in 1% NaClO seems to be optimal for seeds with relatively permeable seed coats such as those of A. laxiflora (Lam.). Conversely, treatment of 45 minutes in 1% NaClO may be inadequate for seeds with relatively impermeable seed coats such as those of H. robertianum (Loisel.).
{"title":"Optimal disinfection times for seeds of Mediterranean orchids propagated on nutrient media","authors":"E. Katsalirou, A. Gerakis, Xenophon Haldas, G. Deconninck","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"A time-consuming yet mandatory step during in vitro sexual propagation of orchids is the treatment of seeds with a disinfecting solution that also serves to scarify the seeds. If the seeds are not properly disinfected, microorganisms grow within the culture vessel, thus reducing the efficacy of the process and burdening the operation with unnecessary materials and labour. On the other hand, a long period of disinfection may damage the seed. The literature is inconclusive with respect to the proper combination of solution strength and duration of the treatment, especially with respect to Mediterranean orchids. The objective of this research is to determine optimal disinfection/scarification times for two species with thin and thick seed coats, respectively. Seeds of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) and Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) were treated in 1% NaClO solution for 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 minutes and sown in modified organic Malmgren medium. Logistic regression models were fitted to the results. Due to the small number of observations per treatment, regression models of infection rates on treatment duration had no more predictive ability than the mean infection rate. On the other hand, regression models of germination rates on treatment duration proved statistically significant or nearly so. Treatment of only a few minutes in 1% NaClO seems to be optimal for seeds with relatively permeable seed coats such as those of A. laxiflora (Lam.). Conversely, treatment of 45 minutes in 1% NaClO may be inadequate for seeds with relatively impermeable seed coats such as those of H. robertianum (Loisel.).","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46189933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.14
J. Tříska, N. Vrchotová
Trans-pterostilbene, cis-pterostilbene and 2,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyphenanthrene were detected in the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold et Zuccarini) Planchon. It was recorded for this plant for the first time that in autumn, when the leaves change in colour, there is an increase in content of 2,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyphenanthrene (DMPH), which is a derivative of trans-pterostilbene.
在爬山虎（Siebold et Zuccarini）Planchon的叶片中检测到反式紫檀烯、顺式紫檀二烯和2,4-二甲氧基-6-羟基菲。该植物首次记录到，在秋季，当叶片颜色发生变化时，2，4-二甲氧基-6-羟基菲（DMPH）的含量增加，DMPH是反式pterostilbene的衍生物。
{"title":"Trans-pterostilbene and its derivative 2,4-dimethoxy-6 -hydroxyphenanthrene in the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata","authors":"J. Tříska, N. Vrchotová","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.14","url":null,"abstract":"Trans-pterostilbene, cis-pterostilbene and 2,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyphenanthrene were detected in the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold et Zuccarini) Planchon. It was recorded for this plant for the first time that in autumn, when the leaves change in colour, there is an increase in content of 2,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyphenanthrene (DMPH), which is a derivative of trans-pterostilbene.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"146-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-12DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.9
O. Brovkina, F. Zemek, J. Novotný, M. Heřman, P. Štěpánek
The aim of this study is to determine the influence of selected environmental factors on the dynamic changes in the landscape in the Czech Republic: 1) to detect land use changes between 1986–2013 along altitudinal gradients in two neighbouring Czech districts (Třebic and Znojmo), 2) to test if there is a relationship between the spatial distribution of the main changes and selected environmental factors, 3) to identify differences in the sizes of agricultural fields between 1953 and 2013, and whether they are associated with changes in agricultural land use. Satellite Landsat TM/ETM scenes for 1986, 1994, 2002 and 2013 were used to define land cover categories (arable land, grassland, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, mixed forest, urban areas and inland water). The association between the distribution of changes in land-cover with environmental factors such as gradient, aspect, altitude, topographic wetness index (TWI), less-favoured areas (LFA), main soil units and climate zones was determined. Only a limited proportion of landscape changes were dependent on environmental factors in the study area. Over the period 1994–2013 there was a decrease in arable land and increase in grassland, mainly in the LFA zone. Slope of the terrain was a dominating factor in landscape changes. The association with TWI values was most significant in permanent arable land and in grassland in transition to arable land. There was an increasing trend in the annual average temperature and sum of solar radiation in both the districts, Třebic and Znojmo. A change from small fields (1953) to large fields (2013) was recorded in the study area. Distribution of field sizes was different in LULC classes for different climatic zones and the main soil units.
{"title":"Analysing changes in land cover in relation to environmental factors in the districts of Znojmo and Třebíč (Czech Republic)","authors":"O. Brovkina, F. Zemek, J. Novotný, M. Heřman, P. Štěpánek","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the influence of selected environmental factors on the dynamic changes in the landscape in the Czech Republic: 1) to detect land use changes between 1986–2013 along altitudinal gradients in two neighbouring Czech districts (Třebic and Znojmo), 2) to test if there is a relationship between the spatial distribution of the main changes and selected environmental factors, 3) to identify differences in the sizes of agricultural fields between 1953 and 2013, and whether they are associated with changes in agricultural land use. Satellite Landsat TM/ETM scenes for 1986, 1994, 2002 and 2013 were used to define land cover categories (arable land, grassland, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, mixed forest, urban areas and inland water). The association between the distribution of changes in land-cover with environmental factors such as gradient, aspect, altitude, topographic wetness index (TWI), less-favoured areas (LFA), main soil units and climate zones was determined. Only a limited proportion of landscape changes were dependent on environmental factors in the study area. Over the period 1994–2013 there was a decrease in arable land and increase in grassland, mainly in the LFA zone. Slope of the terrain was a dominating factor in landscape changes. The association with TWI values was most significant in permanent arable land and in grassland in transition to arable land. There was an increasing trend in the annual average temperature and sum of solar radiation in both the districts, Třebic and Znojmo. A change from small fields (1953) to large fields (2013) was recorded in the study area. Distribution of field sizes was different in LULC classes for different climatic zones and the main soil units.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2017.8
H. S. Vanini, M. Amini
The objective of this study is to determine the rate of soil erosion on slopes of differing steepness and its effects on agricultural land and pastures in the drainage basin around Ashan. Exogenous factors like water and wind and endogenous elements such as erodibility of the soil have key roles in erosion and the results of this study will help in the management of soil and soil conservation programs. Soil erosion in the drainage basin around Ashan has accelerated and because of this it is important to determine the erodibility of the soil. In this study, the soil on four different hill slopes was sampled and after drying, soil size distribution and soil texture and the organic content of forty samples, and the k-factor (erodibility) using the USLE equation, were determined. According to the results of the ANOVA test there are strong relationships between the variables, which is illustrated by box plots. The results indicate that erodibility is significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the type of land use and landforms. The highest levels of erosion were recorded on the back-slope and the least at the summit and on the toe-slope. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the discriminatory power of the erodibility factor associated with the different uses of land and landform components. According to the DFA results, the K factors indicate the use of the land and landforms were the most significant factors, with significances of 0.000 and 0.002, respectively.
{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion on hillslopes (A case study carried out in the Ashan Drainage Basin, Iran)","authors":"H. S. Vanini, M. Amini","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2017.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2017.8","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to determine the rate of soil erosion on slopes of differing steepness and its effects on agricultural land and pastures in the drainage basin around Ashan. Exogenous factors like water and wind and endogenous elements such as erodibility of the soil have key roles in erosion and the results of this study will help in the management of soil and soil conservation programs. Soil erosion in the drainage basin around Ashan has accelerated and because of this it is important to determine the erodibility of the soil. In this study, the soil on four different hill slopes was sampled and after drying, soil size distribution and soil texture and the organic content of forty samples, and the k-factor (erodibility) using the USLE equation, were determined. According to the results of the ANOVA test there are strong relationships between the variables, which is illustrated by box plots. The results indicate that erodibility is significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the type of land use and landforms. The highest levels of erosion were recorded on the back-slope and the least at the summit and on the toe-slope. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the discriminatory power of the erodibility factor associated with the different uses of land and landform components. According to the DFA results, the K factors indicate the use of the land and landforms were the most significant factors, with significances of 0.000 and 0.002, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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