Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695285
S. Biswas, N. Mohan, O. Midtgård, T. Undeland
A systematic design of a zero-ripple Ćuk converter for PV/Battery-to-grid dc-dc conversion is presented. This paper derives the copper loss geometrical constant (Kg) for this kind of integrated magnetic core using a simplified yet intuitive flux-reluctance model. Unlike earlier designs, the design procedure is completely analytical and valid for a range of duty-ratio operation. Verification is done by finite element methods and circuit simulations.
{"title":"A copper-loss based design method and verification for a zero-ripple interface for PV/Battery-to-grid applications","authors":"S. Biswas, N. Mohan, O. Midtgård, T. Undeland","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695285","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic design of a zero-ripple Ćuk converter for PV/Battery-to-grid dc-dc conversion is presented. This paper derives the copper loss geometrical constant (Kg) for this kind of integrated magnetic core using a simplified yet intuitive flux-reluctance model. Unlike earlier designs, the design procedure is completely analytical and valid for a range of duty-ratio operation. Verification is done by finite element methods and circuit simulations.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"41 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121226124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695522
J. Burkard, J. Biela
Due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources and power electronic loads into the distribution grid, a deterioration of the grid power quality is expected. Consisting of a low frequency transformer and a fractionally rated power electronic converter, the hybrid transformer can be applied to ensure a high power quality by controlling voltage, current, active and reactive power dynamically. For the application in grids with conventional grid protection infrastructure, hybrid transformers have to withstand considerable overvoltage and -current stresses during voltage surges or grid short circuits. Since the semiconductors are less robust than low frequency transformers with respect to these stresses, the effects of possible fault scenarios and a protection concept are studied in this paper.
{"title":"Protection of hybrid transformers in the distribution grid","authors":"J. Burkard, J. Biela","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695522","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources and power electronic loads into the distribution grid, a deterioration of the grid power quality is expected. Consisting of a low frequency transformer and a fractionally rated power electronic converter, the hybrid transformer can be applied to ensure a high power quality by controlling voltage, current, active and reactive power dynamically. For the application in grids with conventional grid protection infrastructure, hybrid transformers have to withstand considerable overvoltage and -current stresses during voltage surges or grid short circuits. Since the semiconductors are less robust than low frequency transformers with respect to these stresses, the effects of possible fault scenarios and a protection concept are studied in this paper.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"936 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116198414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695407
M. Llonch-Masachs, D. Heredero-Peris, D. Montesinos-Miracle, J. Rull-Duran
This paper shows a new point of view of the classical voltage space vectors and its implications on three and four-leg converters. It is easy to find in the literature, authors using bi-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of the converter states. Nonetheless, the literature rarely specifies what these spaces represent. Therefore, this paper proposes a wide analysis of the state voltages and its references for three-leg, three-leg four-wire and four-leg inverters, in favour of understanding the space vector behaviour under three and four-wire scenarios.
{"title":"Understanding the three and four-leg inverter Space Vector","authors":"M. Llonch-Masachs, D. Heredero-Peris, D. Montesinos-Miracle, J. Rull-Duran","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695407","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows a new point of view of the classical voltage space vectors and its implications on three and four-leg converters. It is easy to find in the literature, authors using bi-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of the converter states. Nonetheless, the literature rarely specifies what these spaces represent. Therefore, this paper proposes a wide analysis of the state voltages and its references for three-leg, three-leg four-wire and four-leg inverters, in favour of understanding the space vector behaviour under three and four-wire scenarios.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116215867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695502
J. Laksar, Lucie Horníková, L. Veg
The power series described in this paper are designed while preserving the cross-section of the machine. All basic approaches to create the series are discussed and the suitable elements of the series are chosen. Finally, the properties of the selected motors are compared, especially the parameters of the equivalent circuit.
{"title":"Design of the power series based on traction induction motor","authors":"J. Laksar, Lucie Horníková, L. Veg","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695502","url":null,"abstract":"The power series described in this paper are designed while preserving the cross-section of the machine. All basic approaches to create the series are discussed and the suitable elements of the series are chosen. Finally, the properties of the selected motors are compared, especially the parameters of the equivalent circuit.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121507979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695531
Steven Chung, O. Trescases
The performance versus cost tradeoffs of a fully electric, hybrid energy storage system (HESS), using lithium-ion (LI) and lead-acid (PbA) batteries, are explored in this work for a light electric vehicle (LEV). While LI batteries typically have higher energy density, lower internal resistance and longer lifetime than PbA batteries, the module cost of LI batteries are typically three to five times the cost of PbA batteries. The objective is to design a HESS that 1) is cost-competitive with a PbA single energy storage system (SESS) and 2) maintains most of the performance benefits of a lithium SESS. A modular HESS architecture with a bi-directional dc-dc converter and controller is proposed, and a power-mix algorithm with active inter-chemistry battery state-of-charge (SOC) balancing is presented, simulated, and verified experimentally. The batteries, converter and control algorithm are modeled in MATLAB, and the effects of total ESS energy, vehicle loading, depth-of-discharge (DOD), and speed are explored. The cost and performance of the HESS are assessed side-by-side with PbA and LI single energy storage system (SESS) configurations of comparable total energy, using expected vehicle range as the performance metric. The experimental HESS has a total projected cost midway between the SESS PbA cost and the SESS Li cost, while providing 17% range and 22.5% efficiency increase over the SESS PbA vehicle.
{"title":"Hybrid lead-acid/lithium-ion energy storage system with power-mix control for light electric vehicles","authors":"Steven Chung, O. Trescases","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695531","url":null,"abstract":"The performance versus cost tradeoffs of a fully electric, hybrid energy storage system (HESS), using lithium-ion (LI) and lead-acid (PbA) batteries, are explored in this work for a light electric vehicle (LEV). While LI batteries typically have higher energy density, lower internal resistance and longer lifetime than PbA batteries, the module cost of LI batteries are typically three to five times the cost of PbA batteries. The objective is to design a HESS that 1) is cost-competitive with a PbA single energy storage system (SESS) and 2) maintains most of the performance benefits of a lithium SESS. A modular HESS architecture with a bi-directional dc-dc converter and controller is proposed, and a power-mix algorithm with active inter-chemistry battery state-of-charge (SOC) balancing is presented, simulated, and verified experimentally. The batteries, converter and control algorithm are modeled in MATLAB, and the effects of total ESS energy, vehicle loading, depth-of-discharge (DOD), and speed are explored. The cost and performance of the HESS are assessed side-by-side with PbA and LI single energy storage system (SESS) configurations of comparable total energy, using expected vehicle range as the performance metric. The experimental HESS has a total projected cost midway between the SESS PbA cost and the SESS Li cost, while providing 17% range and 22.5% efficiency increase over the SESS PbA vehicle.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695471
Zhang Haibo, F. Gruson, D. Flórez, C. Saudemont
In this paper, a dc series offshore wind farm with an onshore modular multilevel converter (MMC) is presented with consideration of different cable models. Normally, the dc cable is represented either by a small capacitance or by pi-sections, which implies that the frequency-dependent effects of the HVDC cable are neglected. One should be careful when using these cable models for high frequency simulations, especially for dc series offshore wind farm, whose topology forms a resonance circuit and consequently, accurate model of cable should be adopted to represent the transient characteristic of the HVDC transmission system in a proper way. This paper shows that the two most common lumped parameter types of DC cable model: small capacitance and pi-section model are unable to provide equivalent damping effect as the Wideband cable model or universal line model (ULM). The Wideband model is suitable for Electromagnet Transients (EMT) analysis while its distributed parameters make it impossible to be transferred into a state-space representation. This paper first introduces the topology of a DC series offshore wind farm. Then the resonance characteristic of the wind farm topology is analysed based on different cable models. Finally the offshore wind farm is simulated with these three types of cable models and controlled by modular multilevel converter (MMC).
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of different cable modelling for DC series offshore wind farm","authors":"Zhang Haibo, F. Gruson, D. Flórez, C. Saudemont","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695471","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a dc series offshore wind farm with an onshore modular multilevel converter (MMC) is presented with consideration of different cable models. Normally, the dc cable is represented either by a small capacitance or by pi-sections, which implies that the frequency-dependent effects of the HVDC cable are neglected. One should be careful when using these cable models for high frequency simulations, especially for dc series offshore wind farm, whose topology forms a resonance circuit and consequently, accurate model of cable should be adopted to represent the transient characteristic of the HVDC transmission system in a proper way. This paper shows that the two most common lumped parameter types of DC cable model: small capacitance and pi-section model are unable to provide equivalent damping effect as the Wideband cable model or universal line model (ULM). The Wideband model is suitable for Electromagnet Transients (EMT) analysis while its distributed parameters make it impossible to be transferred into a state-space representation. This paper first introduces the topology of a DC series offshore wind farm. Then the resonance characteristic of the wind farm topology is analysed based on different cable models. Finally the offshore wind farm is simulated with these three types of cable models and controlled by modular multilevel converter (MMC).","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124082941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695337
Q. Werner, Norbert Neidig, S. Pierfederici, N. Takorabet
This paper deals with the approach of integrating a bidirectional boost-converter into the drivetrain of a (hybrid) electric vehicle in order to exploit the full potential of the electric drives and the battery. Currently, the automotive norms and standards are defined based on the characteristics of the voltage source. The current technologies of batteries for automotive applications have voltage which depends on the load and the state-of charge. The aim of this paper is to provide better system performance by stabilizing the voltage without the need of redesigning any of the current components in the system. To show the added-value of the proposed electrical topology, loss estimation is developed and proved based on actual components measurements and design. The component and its modelling is then implemented in a global system simulation environment of the electric architecture to show how it contributes enhancing the performance of the system.
{"title":"High performance drives for hybrid electric vehicles through voltage stabilization","authors":"Q. Werner, Norbert Neidig, S. Pierfederici, N. Takorabet","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695337","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the approach of integrating a bidirectional boost-converter into the drivetrain of a (hybrid) electric vehicle in order to exploit the full potential of the electric drives and the battery. Currently, the automotive norms and standards are defined based on the characteristics of the voltage source. The current technologies of batteries for automotive applications have voltage which depends on the load and the state-of charge. The aim of this paper is to provide better system performance by stabilizing the voltage without the need of redesigning any of the current components in the system. To show the added-value of the proposed electrical topology, loss estimation is developed and proved based on actual components measurements and design. The component and its modelling is then implemented in a global system simulation environment of the electric architecture to show how it contributes enhancing the performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127780590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695650
F. Wu, Chen-Yi Wang, Yaow-Ming Chen
A methodology to measure and to demonstrate the impact of the PWM duty cycle jitter on the power conversion efficiency is proposed. The equivalent circuit model with corresponding equations is developed to determine the power loss mechanism. An automatic measurement system without thermal drift is established to verify the converter's efficiency drop.
{"title":"Converter efficiency measurement with PWM duty cycle Jitter","authors":"F. Wu, Chen-Yi Wang, Yaow-Ming Chen","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695650","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology to measure and to demonstrate the impact of the PWM duty cycle jitter on the power conversion efficiency is proposed. The equivalent circuit model with corresponding equations is developed to determine the power loss mechanism. An automatic measurement system without thermal drift is established to verify the converter's efficiency drop.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127935510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695460
F. L. de Sá, D. Ruiz-Caballero, S. A. Mussa
The analysis DC-DC Double Quadratic Buck Converter is presented in this paper. This converter has the advantages of high static gain compared to the conventional Buck Converter. The topological symmetry reduce the stress voltage over the switches to half of the value compared with the conventional Quadratic Buck Converter and simplifies the modeling of the converter. The analysis is made for continuous, critical and discontinuous conduction mode and boundary curve between the conduction modes is shown. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Analysis of the double quadratic buck converter","authors":"F. L. de Sá, D. Ruiz-Caballero, S. A. Mussa","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695460","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis DC-DC Double Quadratic Buck Converter is presented in this paper. This converter has the advantages of high static gain compared to the conventional Buck Converter. The topological symmetry reduce the stress voltage over the switches to half of the value compared with the conventional Quadratic Buck Converter and simplifies the modeling of the converter. The analysis is made for continuous, critical and discontinuous conduction mode and boundary curve between the conduction modes is shown. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127985010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695374
S. Haghbin
Reliability is one important aspect for further improvement of power electronic converters. The improvement trend is towards a higher power density, and a higher efficiency with a lower price. Those performance indices are normally in contradiction with the reliability. A failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of a 3.3 kW onboard battery charger is presented for the electrical part of the charger. The FMEA results are used to prioritize, investigate and analyze important fault cases in semiconductors, dc bus capacitors and sensors. Possible reasons of each fault, appropriate fault detection methods, possible mitigation algorithms and some design improvements are shortly presented. The calculated risk numbers confirm that the reliability of the charger is considerable improved consequently.
{"title":"Electrical failure mode and effect analysis of a 3.3 kW onboard vehicle battery charger","authors":"S. Haghbin","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2016.7695374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695374","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is one important aspect for further improvement of power electronic converters. The improvement trend is towards a higher power density, and a higher efficiency with a lower price. Those performance indices are normally in contradiction with the reliability. A failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of a 3.3 kW onboard battery charger is presented for the electrical part of the charger. The FMEA results are used to prioritize, investigate and analyze important fault cases in semiconductors, dc bus capacitors and sensors. Possible reasons of each fault, appropriate fault detection methods, possible mitigation algorithms and some design improvements are shortly presented. The calculated risk numbers confirm that the reliability of the charger is considerable improved consequently.","PeriodicalId":119358,"journal":{"name":"2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128181358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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