This review search aims to show the positive and negative impact of COVID-19 on the all aspects of life such as environment, education, economy, politics, social life, and social media, and most importantly global human health and health services. particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK, Brazil, Mexico, India, and Iraq. In terms of the environment our search shows that there is a positive impact associated between measures and improvement in air quality, reduction of fossil fuel traffic pollutes, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHG) generation, clean beaches, and environmental noise reduction due to air traffic suspension. The negative impact was associated with aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, which was endangering the contamination of natural resources (water and land), in addition to air. Other negative impacts on reduction global economic activity. In terms of education, COVID-19 had a big effect in changing the education system from classroom to electronic learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching economic consequences beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it. As this virus has spread around the globe, concerns have shifted from supply-side manufacturing issues to decreased business in the services sector. The pandemic caused the largest global recession in history, with more than a third of the global population at the time being placed on lockdown. ((Anon., April-2020) Health-wise it was the reason for the reduction of the world population due to the high mortality and death rate. This is expected to be carried on for unpredicted months perhaps a year until the right vaccine is in reach of every person in the world.
{"title":"Review on the Positive and Negative Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Environment and Society","authors":"S. Mohialdin","doi":"10.26417/573vge34v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/573vge34v","url":null,"abstract":"This review search aims to show the positive and negative impact of COVID-19 on the all aspects of life such as environment, education, economy, politics, social life, and social media, and most importantly global human health and health services. particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK, Brazil, Mexico, India, and Iraq. In terms of the environment our search shows that there is a positive impact associated between measures and improvement in air quality, reduction of fossil fuel traffic pollutes, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHG) generation, clean beaches, and environmental noise reduction due to air traffic suspension. The negative impact was associated with aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, which was endangering the contamination of natural resources (water and land), in addition to air. Other negative impacts on reduction global economic activity. In terms of education, COVID-19 had a big effect in changing the education system from classroom to electronic learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching economic consequences beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it. As this virus has spread around the globe, concerns have shifted from supply-side manufacturing issues to decreased business in the services sector. The pandemic caused the largest global recession in history, with more than a third of the global population at the time being placed on lockdown. ((Anon., April-2020) Health-wise it was the reason for the reduction of the world population due to the high mortality and death rate. This is expected to be carried on for unpredicted months perhaps a year until the right vaccine is in reach of every person in the world.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept that good health is connected in some way with posture is not new to the medical contemporary philosophy, because several authors have demonstrated an association between the morphology of the cervical column, the head and neck posture and mandible position. Different authors have highlighted a correlation between the morphology of the cervical column and the face dimensions. Positive correlations are found between cervico-cefalic posture and the anterior level of the dent-alveolar mandible and maxilla. For our study the main objective was to discover the relationship between oral anomalies and posture, analyzing the cervical and spinal pathologies at patients with malocclusion. In this study were involved 200 patients aged 5-16 years old with clinical anomalies, presented for 2006 - 2011 period in Orthodontic Department of Medical Dentistry Hospital. Patients were divided in four groups based on their oral anomalies. We performed clinical and radiological examinations, evaluating the morphology of the cervical column. Cephalometric measurements were performed in order to evaluate the cranial basis angle, the vertical craniofacial dimensions, and the sagittal relation of the jaws with each other and with the anterior and posterior cranial bases. Panoramic x-rays were also taken for each individual included at the study. Our study has demonstrated that patients had a higher prevalence of postural pathologies (32%) compared to the control group (3%), and in this change was find a significant statistically value about p-0,001. Also, the most prevalent postural anomalies were fusion C2-C3, kyphosis and lodrosis and less scoliosis. Keywords: Skeletal Anomalies, Posture Morphology, Craniofacial Dimensions, Kyphosis, Scoliosis
{"title":"A Study Case for Relationship between Skeletal Anomalies and Posture","authors":"Alketa Qafmolla, Ruzhdie Qafmolla","doi":"10.26417/395wmx11b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/395wmx11b","url":null,"abstract":"The concept that good health is connected in some way with posture is not new to the medical contemporary philosophy, because several authors have demonstrated an association between the morphology of the cervical column, the head and neck posture and mandible position. Different authors have highlighted a correlation between the morphology of the cervical column and the face dimensions. Positive correlations are found between cervico-cefalic posture and the anterior level of the dent-alveolar mandible and maxilla. For our study the main objective was to discover the relationship between oral anomalies and posture, analyzing the cervical and spinal pathologies at patients with malocclusion. In this study were involved 200 patients aged 5-16 years old with clinical anomalies, presented for 2006 - 2011 period in Orthodontic Department of Medical Dentistry Hospital. Patients were divided in four groups based on their oral anomalies. We performed clinical and radiological examinations, evaluating the morphology of the cervical column. Cephalometric measurements were performed in order to evaluate the cranial basis angle, the vertical craniofacial dimensions, and the sagittal relation of the jaws with each other and with the anterior and posterior cranial bases. Panoramic x-rays were also taken for each individual included at the study. Our study has demonstrated that patients had a higher prevalence of postural pathologies (32%) compared to the control group (3%), and in this change was find a significant statistically value about p-0,001. Also, the most prevalent postural anomalies were fusion C2-C3, kyphosis and lodrosis and less scoliosis. Keywords: Skeletal Anomalies, Posture Morphology, Craniofacial Dimensions, Kyphosis, Scoliosis","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89786616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 outbreak has warranted a significant influence on our mental health, hence monitoring and following this issue should be a top priority to most of the researchers worldwide. It is essential to protect our mental health and to develop appropriate interventions during this global crisis. Therefore, our study aims to help our population by understanding their emotional, behavioral changes and the overall impact that the fear and insecurity from coronavirus has brought to our lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety as a state vs. anxiety as a personality trait and factor differences amid coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The survey included 279 respondents, out of which 213 were females and 66 males, age range from 18 to 50 years old. For data collection we have used the ‘snowball’ sampling technique, which is an online software platform, called Survey Planet. To measure the levels of anxiety we have utilized the STAI – state- trait anxiety inventory. To analyze the data we used the SPSS 22.0. Our findings suggest that demographic factors and basic personal data, such as age, marital status, academic level, employment status etc., create the diversity among the population, with the way they experience and how they feel toward this new mental health challenge. With this research we tend to actualize the adult’s mental health and to increase the proper weight on the issue by elevating population awareness and attention toward this problem. The world is facing with a new mental health trend, therefore changes in the mental state of every person are worthy of our attention!
{"title":"Anxiety as a Personality Trait and Anxiety State, During Coronavirus Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak among Adult Population","authors":"Nita Beluli Luma","doi":"10.26417/159ueb27t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/159ueb27t","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak has warranted a significant influence on our mental health, hence monitoring and following this issue should be a top priority to most of the researchers worldwide. It is essential to protect our mental health and to develop appropriate interventions during this global crisis. Therefore, our study aims to help our population by understanding their emotional, behavioral changes and the overall impact that the fear and insecurity from coronavirus has brought to our lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety as a state vs. anxiety as a personality trait and factor differences amid coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The survey included 279 respondents, out of which 213 were females and 66 males, age range from 18 to 50 years old. For data collection we have used the ‘snowball’ sampling technique, which is an online software platform, called Survey Planet. To measure the levels of anxiety we have utilized the STAI – state- trait anxiety inventory. To analyze the data we used the SPSS 22.0. Our findings suggest that demographic factors and basic personal data, such as age, marital status, academic level, employment status etc., create the diversity among the population, with the way they experience and how they feel toward this new mental health challenge. With this research we tend to actualize the adult’s mental health and to increase the proper weight on the issue by elevating population awareness and attention toward this problem. The world is facing with a new mental health trend, therefore changes in the mental state of every person are worthy of our attention!","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79362276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through the survey carried out with SUT students we seek to assess how much they know about steroids, their use, benefits and side effects. These students are active: as athletes in various disciplines, in coaching and after graduation as teachers of physical education and health. 201 SUT students, 113 males and 88 females were randomly included in the survey. This topic was selected because these substances can be easily found and used without prescription of a specialist in Albania. Raising the awareness of SUT students is important for their health and as future educators serve as a promoter of healthy living to every child at school or peoples engaged in sports.
{"title":"Use of Steroids by SUT Students","authors":"K. Vrenjo, Petri O","doi":"10.26417/995bjt86n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/995bjt86n","url":null,"abstract":"Through the survey carried out with SUT students we seek to assess how much they know about steroids, their use, benefits and side effects. These students are active: as athletes in various disciplines, in coaching and after graduation as teachers of physical education and health. 201 SUT students, 113 males and 88 females were randomly included in the survey. This topic was selected because these substances can be easily found and used without prescription of a specialist in Albania. Raising the awareness of SUT students is important for their health and as future educators serve as a promoter of healthy living to every child at school or peoples engaged in sports.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75179933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic renal failure affects all organ systems. Senses are not exception and hearing impairment in this group of patients is very common, particularly sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The aim of this study is to evaluate if hemodialysis affects hearing in patients with chronic kidney failure. This is a transversal study. In this study were included 65 patients. 21 (32.3%) female patients and 44 (67.7%) male patients Study was performed in the American Hospital 2 of Tirana during years 2015-2016, 27 (41.5%) patients during 2015 and 38 (58.5%) patients during 2016. In our study there is no characteristic connection between level of hearing loss and number of months in hemodialysis. The same result is that there is no characteristic connection between medium number of months of kidney failure and level of hearing loss. There are controversial results in many studies about this correlation but without clear results. Sensorineural hearing loss is very common in hemodialysis patients. Sensorineural hearing loss in hemodialysis patients in our study is not affected by the number of hemodialysis sessions and by the number of months with kidney failure. But still there are needed more studies in large groups of patients to arrive in a definitive conclusion.
{"title":"The Role of Hemodialysis in Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients","authors":"Emirjona Vajushi, A. Aga","doi":"10.26417/465shm68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/465shm68","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic renal failure affects all organ systems. Senses are not exception and hearing impairment in this group of patients is very common, particularly sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The aim of this study is to evaluate if hemodialysis affects hearing in patients with chronic kidney failure. This is a transversal study. In this study were included 65 patients. 21 (32.3%) female patients and 44 (67.7%) male patients Study was performed in the American Hospital 2 of Tirana during years 2015-2016, 27 (41.5%) patients during 2015 and 38 (58.5%) patients during 2016. In our study there is no characteristic connection between level of hearing loss and number of months in hemodialysis. The same result is that there is no characteristic connection between medium number of months of kidney failure and level of hearing loss. There are controversial results in many studies about this correlation but without clear results. Sensorineural hearing loss is very common in hemodialysis patients. Sensorineural hearing loss in hemodialysis patients in our study is not affected by the number of hemodialysis sessions and by the number of months with kidney failure. But still there are needed more studies in large groups of patients to arrive in a definitive conclusion.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87580092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Globally, chronic low back pain (LBP) contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease, placing a heavy load on society through absenteeism and associated healthcare costs. Finding cost-effective measures to treat and prevent low back pain is therefore of utmost importance. Methods: A critical assessment of the study by Williams et al 2018 was performed by using a variation of the well-known Drummond’s checklist for the critical appraisal of economic evaluations. Results: The authors performed appropriate statistical analyses using the available data. Means and proportions of baseline characteristics of the intervention group were compared to those of the control group to evaluate their comparability. Conclusion: Upon thorough assessment of the appropriateness of the economic evaluation methods used by Williams et al., it is conclusive that the validity of their results is valuable and trusted to a degree, soundly achieving many of the listed Drummond et al requirements, yet failing to take into account a few aspects that grant some weaknesses to the study.
{"title":"Critical Assessment of An Economic Evaluation of a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for Chronic Low Back Pain (LBP)","authors":"F. Balidemaj","doi":"10.26417/621hbp58g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/621hbp58g","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Globally, chronic low back pain (LBP) contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease, placing a heavy load on society through absenteeism and associated healthcare costs. Finding cost-effective measures to treat and prevent low back pain is therefore of utmost importance. Methods: A critical assessment of the study by Williams et al 2018 was performed by using a variation of the well-known Drummond’s checklist for the critical appraisal of economic evaluations. Results: The authors performed appropriate statistical analyses using the available data. Means and proportions of baseline characteristics of the intervention group were compared to those of the control group to evaluate their comparability. Conclusion: Upon thorough assessment of the appropriateness of the economic evaluation methods used by Williams et al., it is conclusive that the validity of their results is valuable and trusted to a degree, soundly achieving many of the listed Drummond et al requirements, yet failing to take into account a few aspects that grant some weaknesses to the study.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88451834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Ikwu, David Chinasa Igwe, S. E. Nwawudu, A. Adebayo
The ravaging Corona virus caused many countries of the world to impose partial or total lockdown, African nations inclusive. Most African countries are low-income countries, with most of the population being non-office workers. With the continued spread and rise of COVID-19 in many African nations, the people had no choice but to keep working for their daily survival. Moreover, the current health system in most African countries is weak and unable to tackle the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The extra burden of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed these gaps and weaknesses. In addition to the effect of the pandemic on Africa's healthcare system, there is an equal and parallel debilitating effect of the virus on the psychosocial lives of Africans. Regardless of the several challenges that African nations face; Is there any way forward? African leaders may be able to unite and reduce their dependency on the international community for aids during health crises. They may also collectively take proactive decisions on strengthening their health systems as they work on educating their people.
{"title":"The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Africa's Healthcare System and Psychosocial Life","authors":"A. N. Ikwu, David Chinasa Igwe, S. E. Nwawudu, A. Adebayo","doi":"10.26417/527dif34w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/527dif34w","url":null,"abstract":"The ravaging Corona virus caused many countries of the world to impose partial or total lockdown, African nations inclusive. Most African countries are low-income countries, with most of the population being non-office workers. With the continued spread and rise of COVID-19 in many African nations, the people had no choice but to keep working for their daily survival. Moreover, the current health system in most African countries is weak and unable to tackle the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The extra burden of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed these gaps and weaknesses. In addition to the effect of the pandemic on Africa's healthcare system, there is an equal and parallel debilitating effect of the virus on the psychosocial lives of Africans. Regardless of the several challenges that African nations face; Is there any way forward? African leaders may be able to unite and reduce their dependency on the international community for aids during health crises. They may also collectively take proactive decisions on strengthening their health systems as they work on educating their people.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75187719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Megan, Constantina Sinani, Coryn Le, M. Benvenuto
The idea of graphing what is called the lead-tin eutectic point when alloys are produced from elemental lead and tin metals may be very common and established in chemistry and materials science laboratories. Producing art medals from the alloys that are made in such experiments is decidedly not. We will present how the lead-tin eutectic experiment can be performed in the chemistry lab, and how graphite blocks can be used as both mold and heat sink for the creation of art medals, utilizing metal alloys produced by students in the laboratory. The process brings together art, science and engineering in a single experience. We conclude that this has been found to be beneficial for students, yet is a technique that can be utilized by virtually any person who wishes to experiment and create with low-melting metal alloys.
{"title":"The Nexus of Art and Science: Creating Art Medals in the Chemistry Lab, Using Graphite Molds","authors":"K. Megan, Constantina Sinani, Coryn Le, M. Benvenuto","doi":"10.26417/543kjr91g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/543kjr91g","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of graphing what is called the lead-tin eutectic point when alloys are produced from elemental lead and tin metals may be very common and established in chemistry and materials science laboratories. Producing art medals from the alloys that are made in such experiments is decidedly not. We will present how the lead-tin eutectic experiment can be performed in the chemistry lab, and how graphite blocks can be used as both mold and heat sink for the creation of art medals, utilizing metal alloys produced by students in the laboratory. The process brings together art, science and engineering in a single experience. We conclude that this has been found to be beneficial for students, yet is a technique that can be utilized by virtually any person who wishes to experiment and create with low-melting metal alloys.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84686593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus pandemic has changed not only the social, economic, political spheres of nations, but also fashion industry, having to cancel fashion shows. Fashion brands started offering value proposition changed under new conditions to give the value to their customers with changing needs. A lot of fashion brands follow their pandemic sustainable business strategy to help medical staff with masks, gowns, and sanitizers for free, to donate to medical organizations, coronavirus research in Universities’ laboratories that also increases their EVA. A mask takes mostly two functions – utilitarian and emotional, i.e. new technological and fashionable part of the mask production/consumption. There are creative ideas in mask making by technological brands like a self-cleaning mask, collaborations of high-tech companies and fashion industry representatives like hijab-wearing masks for Arab medical female staff, fashion brands creating fashionable masks by using double sustainable business strategy like cutting masks from vintage clothes and donating from proceeds, popculture brands creating masks with their branded themes, fashion brands creating cloth masks made of the latest trends, artists creating unique masks using artisan techniques, a technological and fashionable mix like face-recognition masks, and also politicians setting up mask trends like the Slovakia president to have the mask matching the look in color or Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary to promote indigenous print on a mask. The fashion brand analysis shows that the value proposition is based on value increase in EVA during the coronavirus pandemic, because they understand the necessity of sustainabile business strategy to gain the longer-term customer loyalty.
{"title":"A Fashionable Mask: Branded Value Proposition during the Coronavirus Pandemic","authors":"V. Larchenko","doi":"10.26417/158ibe43i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/158ibe43i","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic has changed not only the social, economic, political spheres of nations, but also fashion industry, having to cancel fashion shows. Fashion brands started offering value proposition changed under new conditions to give the value to their customers with changing needs. A lot of fashion brands follow their pandemic sustainable business strategy to help medical staff with masks, gowns, and sanitizers for free, to donate to medical organizations, coronavirus research in Universities’ laboratories that also increases their EVA. A mask takes mostly two functions – utilitarian and emotional, i.e. new technological and fashionable part of the mask production/consumption. There are creative ideas in mask making by technological brands like a self-cleaning mask, collaborations of high-tech companies and fashion industry representatives like hijab-wearing masks for Arab medical female staff, fashion brands creating fashionable masks by using double sustainable business strategy like cutting masks from vintage clothes and donating from proceeds, popculture brands creating masks with their branded themes, fashion brands creating cloth masks made of the latest trends, artists creating unique masks using artisan techniques, a technological and fashionable mix like face-recognition masks, and also politicians setting up mask trends like the Slovakia president to have the mask matching the look in color or Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary to promote indigenous print on a mask. The fashion brand analysis shows that the value proposition is based on value increase in EVA during the coronavirus pandemic, because they understand the necessity of sustainabile business strategy to gain the longer-term customer loyalty.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82140730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: ADRs and ADEs have a great potential to hospitalize and/or re-hospitalize patients. According to McDonnell and Jacobs, one ADR or ADE could lead a patient to a hospital length of stay of an average of 6.1 days. This can lead to lost days of work, a longer recovery time and even economic implications. Methods: A thorough evaluation of the relevant extracted literature has been analyzed thoroughly in order to find out how ADRs and ADEs impact the levels of hospitalization and re-hospitalization of patients and whether strategies, such as reporting systems, can aide in decreasing their overall occurrence. Results: As the level of hospital admissions/re-hospitalizations due to ADRs and ADEs depends on different factors, such as age and location, the data is separated in the following categories: pediatric population, general adult populations and geriatric population. Where data were available, location has been specified within each category as well. Conclusion: ADR and ADE-related hospital admission and readmission rates are age-group related, elderly being at the highest risk. However, these rates are not dependent on whether a country is developed or developing. Also, there are strategies that can be utilized by healthcare providers in order to decrease these rates in the future, such as to provide medication reviews and follow-ups.
{"title":"Effects of Adverse Drug Reactions and Adverse Drug Events in Hospital Admission Rates and Re-Hospitalization of Patients","authors":"F. Balidemaj","doi":"10.26417/337hsv20h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/337hsv20h","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: ADRs and ADEs have a great potential to hospitalize and/or re-hospitalize patients. According to McDonnell and Jacobs, one ADR or ADE could lead a patient to a hospital length of stay of an average of 6.1 days. This can lead to lost days of work, a longer recovery time and even economic implications. Methods: A thorough evaluation of the relevant extracted literature has been analyzed thoroughly in order to find out how ADRs and ADEs impact the levels of hospitalization and re-hospitalization of patients and whether strategies, such as reporting systems, can aide in decreasing their overall occurrence. Results: As the level of hospital admissions/re-hospitalizations due to ADRs and ADEs depends on different factors, such as age and location, the data is separated in the following categories: pediatric population, general adult populations and geriatric population. Where data were available, location has been specified within each category as well. Conclusion: ADR and ADE-related hospital admission and readmission rates are age-group related, elderly being at the highest risk. However, these rates are not dependent on whether a country is developed or developing. Also, there are strategies that can be utilized by healthcare providers in order to decrease these rates in the future, such as to provide medication reviews and follow-ups.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"16 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76925044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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