T. Negreanu-Pîrjol, R. Sîrbu, Ștefan Bogdan Negreanu-Pîrjol
Flavoparmelia caperata L. Hale (common greenshield lichen) is an Ascomycete, foliose lichen usually growing on tree bark in most mesophytic-forested habitats in Romania. Lichen samples were collected from three stations in Romania (Craiova, Timișoara, Hoia-Baciu Forest, Cluj) and extracted in 96% ethanol. Both dry lichen tissue powder and extracts were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry for determining photosynthetic pigment concentrations (chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids). Dry tissue samples had chlorophyll a concentrations of 95.12-109.59 mg/kg DW, chlorophyll b concentrations of 88.53-110.98 mg/kg and total carotenoids 88.89-102.85 mg/kg. Alcoholic extracts of fresh lichen tissue showed an extreme variability, with 715.97-10331.50 mg/kg chlorophyll a, 527.77-8124.20 mg/kg chlorophyll b, 1125.72-8714.90 mg/kg carotenoids pigments, with the highest values in samples from Craiova. A lower variability was observed in flavonoid contents, with 461.78-966.02 mg/kg DW in dry powder and 815.56-2734.135 mg/kg in ethanolic extracts. Extracts of lichens from Craiova had a decreased content of total flavonoids compared with the other two lichens ethanol extracts.
{"title":"Preliminary Data Regarding Total Chlorophylls, Carotenoids and Flavonoids Content in Flavoparmelia Caperata (L.) Hale Lichens Species","authors":"T. Negreanu-Pîrjol, R. Sîrbu, Ștefan Bogdan Negreanu-Pîrjol","doi":"10.26417/849rvg48r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/849rvg48r","url":null,"abstract":"Flavoparmelia caperata L. Hale (common greenshield lichen) is an Ascomycete, foliose lichen usually growing on tree bark in most mesophytic-forested habitats in Romania. Lichen samples were collected from three stations in Romania (Craiova, Timișoara, Hoia-Baciu Forest, Cluj) and extracted in 96% ethanol. Both dry lichen tissue powder and extracts were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry for determining photosynthetic pigment concentrations (chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids). Dry tissue samples had chlorophyll a concentrations of 95.12-109.59 mg/kg DW, chlorophyll b concentrations of 88.53-110.98 mg/kg and total carotenoids 88.89-102.85 mg/kg. Alcoholic extracts of fresh lichen tissue showed an extreme variability, with 715.97-10331.50 mg/kg chlorophyll a, 527.77-8124.20 mg/kg chlorophyll b, 1125.72-8714.90 mg/kg carotenoids pigments, with the highest values in samples from Craiova. A lower variability was observed in flavonoid contents, with 461.78-966.02 mg/kg DW in dry powder and 815.56-2734.135 mg/kg in ethanolic extracts. Extracts of lichens from Craiova had a decreased content of total flavonoids compared with the other two lichens ethanol extracts.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87674969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Negreanu-Pirjol, T. Negreanu-Pîrjol, G. Paraschiv
This paper highlight a study regarding the valorification of residual marine algae biomass along Romanian Black Sea Coast, which recorded in the last summer period an accumulation of a large seaweed biomass quantities. The valorization of this waste was conceived as a result of theirs nutritional potential for improvind degraded soils of Dobrudja region, Romania and as complex capitalization of this biomass. It was establish the biotechnological process for the new biosolid nutrient composite obtaining. The parameter physical-chemical results of raw material used for biofertilizer obtaining, emphasized an increased organic charge compared with the inorganic compounds. Also, an increased value of total organic nitrogen and an optimum pH limits, was registered. Regarding the nutrients concentrations values, it could be noticed that the new biosolid fertilizer contains organic matter and valuable nutritive elements (N, P) could be contributed to the enhancement of the soil quality. The new biosolid biostimulator-regenerator obtained from natural residues bring a complex of nutrients for degraded soils by the presence of organic residual compounds, through the proteins, lipids, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and mineral salts content, necessary for plants nutrition and improvement of soils quality.
{"title":"Residual Marine Algae Biomass - An Important Raw Material for Obtaining a Soil Biostimulator-Regenerator","authors":"B. Negreanu-Pirjol, T. Negreanu-Pîrjol, G. Paraschiv","doi":"10.26417/749ztk83f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/749ztk83f","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlight a study regarding the valorification of residual marine algae biomass along Romanian Black Sea Coast, which recorded in the last summer period an accumulation of a large seaweed biomass quantities. The valorization of this waste was conceived as a result of theirs nutritional potential for improvind degraded soils of Dobrudja region, Romania and as complex capitalization of this biomass. It was establish the biotechnological process for the new biosolid nutrient composite obtaining. The parameter physical-chemical results of raw material used for biofertilizer obtaining, emphasized an increased organic charge compared with the inorganic compounds. Also, an increased value of total organic nitrogen and an optimum pH limits, was registered. Regarding the nutrients concentrations values, it could be noticed that the new biosolid fertilizer contains organic matter and valuable nutritive elements (N, P) could be contributed to the enhancement of the soil quality. The new biosolid biostimulator-regenerator obtained from natural residues bring a complex of nutrients for degraded soils by the presence of organic residual compounds, through the proteins, lipids, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and mineral salts content, necessary for plants nutrition and improvement of soils quality.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83045905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The studied compounds are gels with meloxicam, piroxicam and tenoxicam in different solvents. The problem of solubilization of these compounds is generated by their poor solubility in hydrophilic media. Also, when applying local non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the form of ointments, the local concentration of the active substance is much higher than in the untreated tissue. The amount of NSAIDs required to produce a therapeutic effect by topical administration is much lower than in oral administration. Side effects may, however, occur as a local irritation from the time a topical formulation is applied. This paper presents the solubilization tests performed for pharmaceutical compounds of the NSAID class in different hydrophilic media. The test conclusions are useful because their solubility can be increased by using solvents (polar or non-polar) and surfactants. The conclusions of the solubility tests help in choosing solvents in the formulation and technologicalization of semi-solid preparations with topical application.
{"title":"Studies on Improving Solubility in Different Media for Said Formulations with Topical Application","authors":"Emin Cadâr, A. Ionescu, R. Sîrbu","doi":"10.26417/963uti35x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/963uti35x","url":null,"abstract":"The studied compounds are gels with meloxicam, piroxicam and tenoxicam in different solvents. The problem of solubilization of these compounds is generated by their poor solubility in hydrophilic media. Also, when applying local non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the form of ointments, the local concentration of the active substance is much higher than in the untreated tissue. The amount of NSAIDs required to produce a therapeutic effect by topical administration is much lower than in oral administration. Side effects may, however, occur as a local irritation from the time a topical formulation is applied. This paper presents the solubilization tests performed for pharmaceutical compounds of the NSAID class in different hydrophilic media. The test conclusions are useful because their solubility can be increased by using solvents (polar or non-polar) and surfactants. The conclusions of the solubility tests help in choosing solvents in the formulation and technologicalization of semi-solid preparations with topical application.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73870145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitin and chitosan have become of great interest not only as underutilized resources, but also as new functional materials of high potential in various fields. The methods of isolating chitosan from different sources: shrimp (Panaeus monodon), crab (Scylla olivicea and Scylla serrata), locust (Schistocerca gregaria), honeybee (Apis mellifera), beelte (Calosoma rugosa) and fish (Labeo rohita) were compared. The same steps of demineralization and deproteinization were followed for the chemical extraction of chitin, but the concentration of reagents, the temperatures and reaction times were varied, which resulted in chitosans with different degrees of deacetylation.
{"title":"Comparison of Extraction Methods of Chitin and Chitosan from Different Sources","authors":"Alef Ibram, A. Ionescu, Emin Cadâr","doi":"10.26417/688wvv48e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/688wvv48e","url":null,"abstract":"Chitin and chitosan have become of great interest not only as underutilized resources, but also as new functional materials of high potential in various fields. The methods of isolating chitosan from different sources: shrimp (Panaeus monodon), crab (Scylla olivicea and Scylla serrata), locust (Schistocerca gregaria), honeybee (Apis mellifera), beelte (Calosoma rugosa) and fish (Labeo rohita) were compared. The same steps of demineralization and deproteinization were followed for the chemical extraction of chitin, but the concentration of reagents, the temperatures and reaction times were varied, which resulted in chitosans with different degrees of deacetylation.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"116 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84227377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stroke remain the third cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Our modern time enemy, atherosclerosis, with his many faces, is strongly related with stroke and its major subtypes. Ischemic stroke account up to 80 % of all stroke. As a subtype of ischemic stroke, lacunar infarcts remain an important concern. Aim of this study is to correlate carotid disease findings with lacunar stroke. We studied a group of 129 patients with carotid disease, and we established a possible relationship with lacunar stroke. Ultrasonography findings were correlated with the presence of lacunar stroke, confirmed by CT scan. Our study demonstrate that carotid plaques number could be a good predictor for lacunar stroke risk. External carotid plaques number is strongly correlate with lacunar stroke presence.
{"title":"Carotid Atherosclerosis and Lacunar Stroke a Possible Association","authors":"A. Ionescu, N. Carciumaru, S. Chirila, R. Sîrbu","doi":"10.2478/ejmn-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejmn-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stroke remain the third cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Our modern time enemy, atherosclerosis, with his many faces, is strongly related with stroke and its major subtypes. Ischemic stroke account up to 80 % of all stroke. As a subtype of ischemic stroke, lacunar infarcts remain an important concern. Aim of this study is to correlate carotid disease findings with lacunar stroke. We studied a group of 129 patients with carotid disease, and we established a possible relationship with lacunar stroke. Ultrasonography findings were correlated with the presence of lacunar stroke, confirmed by CT scan. Our study demonstrate that carotid plaques number could be a good predictor for lacunar stroke risk. External carotid plaques number is strongly correlate with lacunar stroke presence.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73121387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the past years, a multi-disciplinary literature on the significance of personal narratives in autobiography and identity has emerged. This subject has been of interest to authors in the fields of humanities, psychology, and medicine alike. In this paper, we are proposing the term Identity Narrative (IdN) to define a cognitive and emotional framework that serves as an implicit (unconscious) scaffolding of memory on which to build human autobiography. The authors first classify narratives into external (universal history, the humanities, culture) and internal (autobiography, based on personal experiences, both directly and indirectly, through identification and education). All philosophy and social commentary has utilized history for the purposes of prediction and meaning-making. Personalities including Aristotle, St. Augustine, Rousseau, Freud, Marx, Spengler, and Benjamin Franklin have reread history to gain insight about human nature. History has inspired the enlightenment and renaissance of a new reality for humanity. It is widely known that history can also be misused to justify aggression and human suffering. The use of history to create deep convictions that annihilate moral imperatives is only possible because of unconsciously consolidated internal narratives, the IdN. IdN is reshaped through life, both by “bottom-up” acquisition of information, as well as a “top-down” learning model, which includes the following circumstances: (a) sudden insight and awareness; (b) experiences with high emotional valence; (c) high frequency of repetition; and (d) prolonged duration of exposure. In this way, IdN, a form of relatively stable unconscious, anoetic memory, provides a “first-person” experience to autobiography. Autobiography then, becomes part of auto-noetic consciousness, the human ability to mentally time travel and have self-knowledge. IdN parallels lifelong growth and development, language acquisition, and maturing of attachment. The extensive brain activation during communication and speech, revealed by neuroimaging studies, will be referred to as the “communication beltway.” We hypothesize that the alternation in activation between the default mode (midline structures) of the brain (previously associated with the Self) and the language brain creates a platform that encodes crucial components of IdN throughout life. In this way, IdN, autobiographical memory, and the language brain are parts of a larger biological substrate of social affiliations.
{"title":"Identity Narrative as an Unconscious Scaffold for Human Autobiography","authors":"A. Novac, M. Tuttle, R. Bota, B. Blinder","doi":"10.26417/929uar53c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/929uar53c","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past years, a multi-disciplinary literature on the significance of personal narratives in autobiography and identity has emerged. This subject has been of interest to authors in the fields of humanities, psychology, and medicine alike. In this paper, we are proposing the term Identity Narrative (IdN) to define a cognitive and emotional framework that serves as an implicit (unconscious) scaffolding of memory on which to build human autobiography. The authors first classify narratives into external (universal history, the humanities, culture) and internal (autobiography, based on personal experiences, both directly and indirectly, through identification and education). All philosophy and social commentary has utilized history for the purposes of prediction and meaning-making. Personalities including Aristotle, St. Augustine, Rousseau, Freud, Marx, Spengler, and Benjamin Franklin have reread history to gain insight about human nature. History has inspired the enlightenment and renaissance of a new reality for humanity. It is widely known that history can also be misused to justify aggression and human suffering. The use of history to create deep convictions that annihilate moral imperatives is only possible because of unconsciously consolidated internal narratives, the IdN. IdN is reshaped through life, both by “bottom-up” acquisition of information, as well as a “top-down” learning model, which includes the following circumstances: (a) sudden insight and awareness; (b) experiences with high emotional valence; (c) high frequency of repetition; and (d) prolonged duration of exposure. In this way, IdN, a form of relatively stable unconscious, anoetic memory, provides a “first-person” experience to autobiography. Autobiography then, becomes part of auto-noetic consciousness, the human ability to mentally time travel and have self-knowledge. IdN parallels lifelong growth and development, language acquisition, and maturing of attachment. The extensive brain activation during communication and speech, revealed by neuroimaging studies, will be referred to as the “communication beltway.” We hypothesize that the alternation in activation between the default mode (midline structures) of the brain (previously associated with the Self) and the language brain creates a platform that encodes crucial components of IdN throughout life. In this way, IdN, autobiographical memory, and the language brain are parts of a larger biological substrate of social affiliations.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"44 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81032118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emin Cadâr, Emilia Mihaela Cadar, C. Erimia, A. Tomescu
Abstract Seaweed is a natural treasure that can be intensely evaluated for therapeutic purposes. During the past years, it became obvious that the ecosystem presents a marine algae excedent, which should be utilized in one way or another. Marine algae have been intensely studied. The superior exploitation of the marine biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols, and aminoacids) and various other substances, the purity of which is strongly connected to the state of the marine ecosystem. In present work the extracts from marine algae are incorporated in type I non-denatured fibrillar collagen matrixes for obtain new pharmaceutical product. In order to obtain therapeutic effects at nanostructure level, it is important to know the rheological characteristics of the relevant mixtures of collagen gels and extracts from marine algae selected for use. In this survey we have studied mixtures made of non-denatured fibrillar collagen hydro-gels where different concentrations of marine algae have been incorporated.
{"title":"New Formulation with Marine Algae from Black Sea","authors":"Emin Cadâr, Emilia Mihaela Cadar, C. Erimia, A. Tomescu","doi":"10.2478/ejmn-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejmn-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seaweed is a natural treasure that can be intensely evaluated for therapeutic purposes. During the past years, it became obvious that the ecosystem presents a marine algae excedent, which should be utilized in one way or another. Marine algae have been intensely studied. The superior exploitation of the marine biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols, and aminoacids) and various other substances, the purity of which is strongly connected to the state of the marine ecosystem. In present work the extracts from marine algae are incorporated in type I non-denatured fibrillar collagen matrixes for obtain new pharmaceutical product. In order to obtain therapeutic effects at nanostructure level, it is important to know the rheological characteristics of the relevant mixtures of collagen gels and extracts from marine algae selected for use. In this survey we have studied mixtures made of non-denatured fibrillar collagen hydro-gels where different concentrations of marine algae have been incorporated.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"15 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81018404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-17DOI: 10.26417/EJNM.V1I2.P17-24
Florencio R. Riguera
Abstract Although subsidiarity is dipolar, preference has been for the “lower” pole at the early stages of its development as a principle in Quadragesimo Anno: the “higher” administrative unit should act only if the “lower” unit could not deal with the issue. But in a generation, Pacem in Terris posited a nuance that put the preference on the “higher” unit. The capabilities of “higher” units could supersede the rights of “lower” units because the “on reserve” aid from “higher” units leads to more effectivity. Then, applying integral ecology, Laudato Si’ put the preference on the “higher” pole when issues are environmental in character. This stems from an understanding of complex and interconnected mechanisms in the interaction between populations and the environment. Because Nature has predetermined ways of acting and reacting to events like those caused by populations, Nature relays the impact of actions, such as environmental backlash, to other locations, sections, or later generations; it can also “slap back” at the local agents of events. Thus, the default option should be for the “higher” units to act when it comes to researching the complex interconnections of actions at the ecological level. But this option can lead to gaming the deliberations on public policy with questions of uncertainty or risk because valid understanding is needed to guide actions or policies. Perspectives broader than the local in terms of understanding and of values to be shared are needed.
虽然辅助性是双极性的，但在其发展的早期阶段，作为《四元论》的一项原则，优先考虑的是“较低”极:只有当“较低”单位无法处理问题时，“较高”行政单位才应该采取行动。但在一代人的时间里，《Pacem in Terris》设定了一个细微差别，将偏好放在“更高”的单位上。“较高”单位的能力可以取代“较低”单位的权利，因为“较高”单位的“备用”援助导致更有效。然后，运用整体生态学，Laudato Si在环境问题上倾向于“更高”的极点。这源于对人口与环境之间相互作用的复杂和相互联系机制的理解。因为大自然有预先确定的行动和反应方式，比如由人口引起的事件，大自然会把环境反弹等行动的影响传递给其他地点、部分或后代;它还可以“回击”事件的本地代理。因此，当涉及到研究生态层面的复杂相互关系时，默认的选择应该是由“更高”的单位来行动。但是，这种选择可能会导致对公共政策的审议存在不确定性或风险问题，因为需要有效的理解来指导行动或政策。在理解和共享价值方面，需要比当地更广泛的视角。
{"title":"Subsidiarity in Environmental Issues: Nuances and Shifts","authors":"Florencio R. Riguera","doi":"10.26417/EJNM.V1I2.P17-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJNM.V1I2.P17-24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although subsidiarity is dipolar, preference has been for the “lower” pole at the early stages of its development as a principle in Quadragesimo Anno: the “higher” administrative unit should act only if the “lower” unit could not deal with the issue. But in a generation, Pacem in Terris posited a nuance that put the preference on the “higher” unit. The capabilities of “higher” units could supersede the rights of “lower” units because the “on reserve” aid from “higher” units leads to more effectivity. Then, applying integral ecology, Laudato Si’ put the preference on the “higher” pole when issues are environmental in character. This stems from an understanding of complex and interconnected mechanisms in the interaction between populations and the environment. Because Nature has predetermined ways of acting and reacting to events like those caused by populations, Nature relays the impact of actions, such as environmental backlash, to other locations, sections, or later generations; it can also “slap back” at the local agents of events. Thus, the default option should be for the “higher” units to act when it comes to researching the complex interconnections of actions at the ecological level. But this option can lead to gaming the deliberations on public policy with questions of uncertainty or risk because valid understanding is needed to guide actions or policies. Perspectives broader than the local in terms of understanding and of values to be shared are needed.","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"103 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73959449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-17DOI: 10.26417/ejnm.v1i2.p5-16
Kenneth Oghagbon Efosa
0
0
{"title":"Impact of location and government funding on medical Students Perception of Learning Environment in Nigeria","authors":"Kenneth Oghagbon Efosa","doi":"10.26417/ejnm.v1i2.p5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejnm.v1i2.p5-16","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>0</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79465586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-17DOI: 10.26417/EJNM.V1I2.P36-51
A. Bytyqi, Bujar Gallopeni
0
0
{"title":"The Examination of the Profile of Leadership and Management in Healthcare Institutions in Kosovo","authors":"A. Bytyqi, Bujar Gallopeni","doi":"10.26417/EJNM.V1I2.P36-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJNM.V1I2.P36-51","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>0</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":11935,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79707311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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