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The Light We Cannot See 我们看不见的光
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60446-0
From cameras and lasers to fibre optic cables and telescopes, our understanding of the way light behaves and its properties has enabled its use in a vast array of practical applications. Dave Walsha, sales manager at small DC motor supplier EMS, explains the key role micromotors play in driving a diverse range of optical applications.
从照相机和激光器到光纤电缆和望远镜,我们对光的行为方式及其特性的理解使其能够在大量的实际应用中得到应用。小型直流电机供应商EMS的销售经理Dave Walsha解释了微型电机在驱动各种光学应用中发挥的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Wave Springs Met Market Needs 波浪泉满足市场需求
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60452-6
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引用次数: 0
Skip Drive Offers More Control 跳过驱动器提供更多的控制
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60447-2
How the development of a new skip drive with a brake control solution helped increase the safety and reliability of quarrying operations.
新型箕斗驱动器与制动控制解决方案的开发如何帮助提高采石作业的安全性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Rugged Connectors Withstand Harsh Environments 坚固耐用的连接器可抵御恶劣环境
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60453-8
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引用次数: 0
Power Cut 停电
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60437-x
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引用次数: 0
Direct-Drive Cuts Cost of Ownership 直接驱动降低了拥有成本
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60445-9
Gerard Bush, engineer at motion solution design specialist, INMOCO, discusses the cost-saving advantages of direct-drive systems.
运动解决方案设计专家INMOCO的工程师Gerard Bush讨论了直接驱动系统的成本节约优势。
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引用次数: 0
Prostacyclin receptor agonists induce DUSP1 to inhibit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. 前列环素受体激动剂诱导DUSP1抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖。
Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4249928
H. Maruyama, S. Sakai, L. Dewachter, C. Dewachter, B. Rondelet, R. Naeije, M. Ieda
AIMSUpregulated p38MAPK signaling is implicated in the accelerated proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) and the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery remodeling observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previously, we reported that after endothelin-1 (ET-1) pretreatment, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) activates p38MAPK signaling and accelerates PA-SMC proliferation. The activity of p38MAPK signaling is tightly regulated by the inactivation of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Activated p38MAPK induces DUSP1 expression, forming a negative feedback loop. Prostacyclin IP receptor agonists (prostacyclin and selexipag) are used to treat PAH. In this study, we aimed to verify whether IP receptor agonists affect DUSP1 expression and accelerate the proliferation of PA-SMCs.MAIN METHODSPA-SMCs were treated with BMP2, ET-1, prostacyclin, and MRE-269, an active metabolite of selexipag, either alone or in combination. We quantified mRNA expressions using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pulmonary artery specimens and PA-SMCs were obtained during lung transplantation in patients with PAH.KEY FINDINGSBoth prostacyclin and MRE-269 increased DUSP1 expression. Combined treatment with BMP2 and ET-1 induced cyclin D1 and DUSP1 expression and increased PA-SMC proliferation. MRE-269 attenuated BMP2/ET-1-induced cell proliferation. ET-1 increased DUSP1 expression in PA-SMCs from control patients but not in PA-SMCs from patients with PAH.SIGNIFICANCEThis study showed that the p38MAPK/DUSP1 negative feedback loop is impaired in PAH, contributing to unregulated p38MAPK activation and PA-SMC hyperplasia. IP receptor agonist MRE-269 increases DUSP1 expression and inhibit p38MAPK-mediated PA-SMC proliferation. Future elucidation of the detailed mechanism underlying reduced DUSP1 expression would be informative for PAH treatment.
aim调控的p38MAPK信号与肺动脉高压(PAH)中肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PA-SMCs)的加速增殖和肺动脉重塑的发病机制有关。此前,我们报道了内皮素-1 (ET-1)预处理后,骨形态发生蛋白2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP2)激活p38MAPK信号,加速PA-SMC增殖。p38MAPK信号的活性受到双特异性磷酸酶1 (DUSP1)失活的严格调控。激活的p38MAPK诱导DUSP1表达,形成负反馈循环。前列环素IP受体激动剂(前列环素和selexipag)用于治疗PAH。在本研究中,我们旨在验证IP受体激动剂是否会影响DUSP1的表达并加速PA-SMCs的增殖。主要方法分别用BMP2、ET-1、前列环素和selexipag活性代谢物MRE-269单独或联合治疗spa - smcs。我们使用实时定量聚合酶链反应定量mRNA表达。肺动脉标本和PA-SMCs在PAH患者肺移植过程中获得。主要发现:前列环素和MRE-269均可增加DUSP1的表达。BMP2和ET-1联合治疗可诱导cyclin D1和DUSP1的表达,增加PA-SMC的增殖。MRE-269减弱BMP2/ et -1诱导的细胞增殖。ET-1增加了对照组患者的PA-SMCs中DUSP1的表达,而在PAH患者的PA-SMCs中则没有。本研究表明p38MAPK/DUSP1负反馈回路在PAH中受损,导致p38MAPK激活不调节和PA-SMC增生。IP受体激动剂MRE-269增加DUSP1表达,抑制p38mapk介导的PA-SMC增殖。未来阐明DUSP1表达减少的详细机制将为PAH的治疗提供信息。
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引用次数: 1
Ras-transfected human mammary tumour cells are resistant to photodynamic therapy by mechanisms related to cell adhesion. ras转染的人乳腺肿瘤细胞通过与细胞粘附相关的机制对光动力治疗产生抗性。
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4253503
L. Rodriguez, G. D. Di Venosa, Martín A. Rivas, Á. Juarranz, F. Sanz‐Rodríguez, A. Casas
AIMSPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality for several cancers involving the administration of a tumour-localising photosensitiser (PS) and its subsequent activation by light, resulting in tumour damage. Ras oncogenes have been strongly associated with chemo- and radio-resistance. Based on the described roles of adhesion and cell morphology on drug resistance, we studied if the differences in shape, cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion induced by Ras transfection, play a role in the resistance to PDT.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe employed the human normal breast HB4a cells transfected with H-RAS and a panel of five PSs.KEY FINDINGSWe found that resistance to PDT of the HB4a-Ras cells employing all the PSs, increased between 1.3 and 2.5-fold as compared to the parental cells. There was no correlation between resistance and intracellular PS levels or PS intracellular localisation. Even when Ras-transfected cells present lower adherence to the ECM proteins, this does not make them more sensitive to PDT or chemotherapy. On the contrary, a marked gain of resistance to PDT was observed in floating cells as compared to adhesive cells, accounting for the higher ability conferred by Ras to survive in conditions of decreased cell-extracellular matrix interactions. HB4a-Ras cells displayed disorganisation of actin fibres, mislocalised E-cadherin and vinculin and lower expression of E-cadherin and β1-integrin as compared to HB4a cells.SIGNIFICANCEKnowledge of the mechanisms of resistance to photodamage in Ras-overexpressing cells may lead to the optimization of the combination of PDT with other treatments.
光动力疗法(PDT)是一种针对几种癌症的治疗方式,涉及肿瘤定位光敏剂(PS)的施用及其随后的光激活,导致肿瘤损伤。Ras癌基因与化疗和放射耐药密切相关。在描述粘附和细胞形态对耐药作用的基础上,我们研究了Ras转染诱导的细胞形状、细胞外基质和细胞间粘附的差异是否在PDT耐药中起作用。材料与方法我们采用转染了H-RAS的人正常乳腺HB4a细胞和5个PSs细胞。我们发现,与亲本细胞相比,使用所有PSs的HB4a-Ras细胞对PDT的抗性增加了1.3至2.5倍。耐药与细胞内PS水平或PS在细胞内的定位没有相关性。即使转染ras的细胞对ECM蛋白的粘附性较低,这也不会使它们对PDT或化疗更敏感。相反,与粘附细胞相比,漂浮细胞对PDT的抵抗力显著增强,这说明Ras在细胞与细胞外基质相互作用减少的条件下具有更高的生存能力。与HB4a细胞相比,HB4a- ras细胞表现出肌动蛋白纤维的紊乱,E-cadherin和vinculin的错定位,E-cadherin和β1-整合素的表达较低。了解ras -过表达细胞抗光损伤的机制可能有助于优化PDT与其他治疗方法的联合应用。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of NAC assisted insulin on cholesterol metabolism disorders in canine type 1 diabetes mellitus. NAC辅助胰岛素对犬1型糖尿病胆固醇代谢紊乱的影响。
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4249942
Shuzhou Wang, Haihua Huo, Haitong Wu, F. Ma, Jianzhao Liao, Xinrun Li, Qingyu Ding, Zhaoxin Tang, Jianying Guo
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin deficiency and often accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. NAC is an effective antioxidative drug, but its application in the treatment of diabetes is still rare. A total of forty beagles were randomly divided into five groups: control group, DM group, INS group, INS with NAC group, and NAC group. The experiment lasted for 120 days. Results revealed that biochemical criterion increased in the DM group, while the indicators significantly decreased on the INS combined with NAC treatment group. Moreover, the insulin released test demonstrated that the model of T1DM was successfully constructed. The result of B ultrasound of gallbladder showed remarkable cholestasis in DM group. The cholesterol metabolism-related enzyme activity (HMGCR and SQLE) was evidently increased in DM group, but decreased in INS and NAC group. The content of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c in liver was detected by the kit, and it was found that the content of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c in DM group were reduced. Histopathological observation revealed that the cholestasis of liver cells and hepatic cords were disordered in DM group, the symptoms were alleviated under INS and NAC treatment. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of HMGCR and LDLR were obviously increased in DM group, but down regulated in INS and NAC treatment group. Overall, the liver function injury and secondary hypercholesterolemia can be found in T1DM canines, and NAC can relieve cholesterol metabolism disorder in the treatment of canine T1DM.
1型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种以胰岛素缺乏为特征的代谢疾病,常伴有高胆固醇血症。NAC是一种有效的抗氧化药物,但其在糖尿病治疗中的应用尚不多见。将40只小猎犬随机分为5组:对照组、DM组、INS组、INS合并NAC组和NAC组。试验期120 d。结果显示,DM组生化指标升高,INS联合NAC治疗组各项指标明显降低。胰岛素释放试验表明T1DM模型构建成功。DM组胆囊B超显示明显的胆汁淤积。DM组胆固醇代谢相关酶活性(HMGCR和SQLE)明显升高,INS和NAC组降低。用试剂盒检测肝脏中TG、LDL-c、HDL-c含量,发现DM组TG、LDL-c、HDL-c含量降低。组织病理学观察显示DM组肝细胞及肝索胆汁淤积紊乱,经INS和NAC治疗后症状有所缓解。DM组HMGCR和LDLR蛋白及mRNA表达明显升高,INS和NAC组表达下调。综上所述,犬T1DM存在肝功能损伤和继发性高胆固醇血症,NAC在犬T1DM治疗中可以缓解胆固醇代谢紊乱。
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引用次数: 2
Antibacterial activity and metabolomic analysis of linalool against bovine mastitis pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae. 芳樟醇对牛乳腺炎病原菌无乳链球菌的抑菌活性及代谢组学分析。
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4257878
T. Liang, G. Huo, Lele Chen, Ling Ding, Jian Wu, Ji Zhang, Rongmin Wang
Streptococcus agalactiae is among the major causative pathogens of bovine mastitis, as well as crucial pathogen leading to human morbidity and mortality. Being a promising natural antibacterial agent, linalool has been broadly applied in medicine and food processing. However, its antibacterial effect against S. agalactiae has barely been elucidated. This study is the first to investigate the antibacterial activity and action mechanism of linalool against S. agalactiae causing bovine mastitis. Linalool exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae, with an inhibition zone diameter of 23 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.875 μL/mL. In addition, linalool damaged cell structural integrity of S. agalactiae, leading to the leakage of intracellular components (alkaline phosphatase, nucleic acids and protein). Linalool also exhibited a scavenging effect on biofilm. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that linalool stress substantially disrupted intracellular metabolism of S. agalactiae. Linalool caused energy metabolism disorder, and obstructed nucleic acid synthesis in S. agalactiae. Furthermore, downregulation of amino acids (e.g., proline, alanine) and upregulation of saturated fatty acids provide strong evidence for linalool induced cell wall and membrane damage. Overall, linalool exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae by destroying the cell structure and disrupting intracellular metabolism. This study provides a new insight and theoretical foundation for linalool application in preventing S. agalactiae infection.
无乳链球菌是牛乳腺炎的主要致病菌之一,也是导致人类发病和死亡的重要病原体。芳樟醇是一种很有前途的天然抗菌剂,在医药和食品加工中有着广泛的应用。然而,其对无乳链球菌的抑菌作用尚不明确。本研究首次探讨了芳樟醇对牛乳腺炎无乳杆菌的抑菌活性及其作用机制。芳樟醇对无乳链球菌具有明显的抑菌活性,抑菌带直径为23 mm,最小抑菌浓度为1.875 μL/mL。此外,芳樟醇破坏了S. agalactiae的细胞结构完整性,导致细胞内成分(碱性磷酸酶、核酸和蛋白质)的泄漏。芳樟醇对生物膜也有清除作用。此外,非靶向代谢组学分析显示,芳樟醇应激实质上破坏了S. agalactiae的细胞内代谢。芳樟醇引起无乳葡萄球菌能量代谢紊乱,阻碍核酸合成。此外,氨基酸(如脯氨酸、丙氨酸)的下调和饱和脂肪酸的上调为芳樟醇诱导的细胞壁和细胞膜损伤提供了强有力的证据。总的来说,芳樟醇通过破坏细胞结构和破坏细胞内代谢,对无乳链球菌具有较强的抗菌活性。本研究为芳樟醇在预防无乳链球菌感染中的应用提供了新的见解和理论基础。
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引用次数: 1
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EUREKA: Life Sciences
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