European Journal of Oral Sciences最新文献

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are known for their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. The aim of the present study was to find new functions of the SPM resolvin D1_{n-3 DPA} (RvD1_{n-3 DPA}) on oral epithelial cells. As a starting point, we used a dataset obtained by RNA high-throughput sequencing of oral epithelial cells exposed to TNF-α and RvD1_{n-3 DPA} versus TNF-α alone. GOrilla enrichment analysis showed that the actin cytoskeleton was significantly overrepresented after adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing. As actin, amongst others, is closely related to cell migration, we then explored whether RvD1_{n-3 DPA} can modulate oral epithelial cell migration. To this end, we used an in vitro cell migration model, including TNF-α treatment, to mimic an inflammatory cell state. The analysis revealed that RvD1_{n-3 DPA} increased oral epithelial cell migration in the presence but not in the absence of TNF-α. Addition of RvD1_{n-3 DPA} also induced F actin accumulation around the cell nucleus, indicating that RvD1_{n-3 DPA} potentially can mediate processes of intracellular transport. This indicates that this lipid mediator may be a promising therapeutic candidate in oral mucosal wound healing.

Although dry mouth is a relatively common condition, salivary flow is not routinely measured in dental clinical practice. Moreover, existing data regarding the use of the modified Schirmer test (MST) for the screening of dry mouth has not been summarized. This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to determine whether the modified Schirmer test can be used to identify dry mouth. The databases of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and CENTRAL (CRD42023393843) were systematically searched to retrieve articles published until 9th November 2023. Among the 343 original articles retrieved, six met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1150 patients, comprising 710 (61.7%) women and 440 (38.3%) men (mean age, 47.1 ± 7.3 years), were included. The meta-analysis revealed a weak correlation coefficient of $�\overline{r}$ = 0.42 (95% Cl: 0.29–0.55) between MST and the unstimulated salivary flow rate. Therefore, while the MST might offer a simple and accessible alternative for initial screening in the future, especially in non-specialized settings, its variability in sensitivity and specificity, along with an actual lack of standardization, necessitates cautious interpretation. Further studies are necessary before recommending the test in clinical routine.

We aimed to reveal interrelationships between alexithymia, catastrophic thinking, sensory processing patterns, and dental anxiety among 460 participants who were registrants of a Japanese research company. Measures used were the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, the Adult Sensory Profile, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The interrelationships among the constructs were analyzed using structural equation modeling, adjusting for age, gender, and negative dental treatment experience. Data from 428 participants were used in the analyses. Sensory sensitivity and pain catastrophizing were independently associated with anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety, while difficulty identifying feelings was not. In the mediation model, sensory sensitivity and pain catastrophizing served as full mediators between difficulty identifying feelings and the dimensions of dental anxiety (indirect effects were between 0.13 and 0.15). The strength of the associations was 0.55 from difficulty identifying feelings to both pain catastrophizing and sensory sensitivity, and between 0.24 and 0.26 to anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety. The association between trait-like phenomena, such as alexithymia, and dental anxiety may be mediated by neurophysiological and cognitive factors such as sensory sensitivity and pain catastrophizing. These findings could be crucial for new and innovative interventions for managing dental anxiety.

This study aimed to explore the differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life between people with dental anxiety who reported abuse experience (n = 60) and people with dental anxiety who did not report abuse experience (n = 97). Both groups attended a dental service focused on the treatment of dental anxiety intended for people with a history of physiological or psychological trauma, or odontophobia. The participants responded to a questionnaire that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP), and the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C⁺). The differences between groups were tested for statistical significance using Welch's T-tests, and linear regression was used to adjust for gender. The participants with reported abuse experience expressed greater psychological symptoms of anxiety and poorer oral health-related quality of life. The participants with reported abuse experience also expressed a higher fear of losing control, as well as feeling shame and disgust. This study shows that individuals with dental anxiety and a history of abuse may face more complex challenges than those with dental anxiety and no history of abuse.

Prisoners’ oral health and general health are closely connected and generally poorer than that of the wider population. Moreover, knowledge of prisoners’ health literacy is scarce. This study aimed to explore prisoners’ perceived oral and general health and how they accessed, understood and assessed health information to gain insight into their health literacy. Twelve prisoners in a high-security prison and a halfway house participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed through thematic analysis, which identified five themes: inconsistent self-reporting of general and oral health; autonomous health behaviour through utilizing personal resources; preference for personalized adapted health information; psychological and physical proximity; and barriers. The prisoners perceived their oral and general health as good despite several health problems. They expressed scepticism towards health information from public authorities and made their own health-related choices based on previous experiences, their own ‘common sense’ and the experiences of people they trusted. Health information was considered useful when adjusted to their needs. Obtaining health-related information through physical encounters was considered more accessible than through online platforms. Adapting the communication to prisoners’ expressed needs and their health literacy can enhance the accessibility to improve their oral and general health. In-person encounters would be preferable.

The current study evaluated the stress distribution in a maxillary central incisor with mid-root fracture after splinting with different intra-radicular posts using 3D-finite element analysis (FEA). Five 3D-FEA models were constructed. Model 1 was an intact tooth with no fracture, Model 2: A tooth with a horizontal mid-root fracture, with no treatment. Model 3: Same as model 2, and intraradicular splinting using fiber post. Model 4: Same as model 2 and intra-radicular splinting using Protaper Gold file F3. Model 5: Same as model 2, and with intraradicular splinting with Ribbond. The FEA of all models was done to obtain the maximum Von-Mises stress in the root canal space, the dentin, the periodontal ligament, and the bone. The highest Von Mises stresses for the root canal space and the dentin were found in Model 3, followed by models 4, 5, and 2, and least in Model 1. The Von Mises stress of the periodontal ligament was the least in model 1. The Von Mises stress of bone was higher in all experimental models than in the baseline model. The results suggest that in cases where intra-radicular splinting is indicated, fiber posts and Ribbond are better alternatives to endodontic files due to the lower stresses exerted.

The exocrine salivary gland secretes saliva, a fundamental body component to maintain oral homeostasis. Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sjögren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca²⁺-signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sjögren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca²⁺/protein kinase C and cAMP/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n-propyl gallate as pre-treatment for resin-dentin bond strength. The dentin pre-treatments evaluated included propyl gallate of concentrations 0.1% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v), and 10.0% (w/v), as well as glutaraldehyde 5.0% (v/v), and distilled water as a control treatment. Dentin specimens were prepared for Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) (n = 3/pre-treatment). Pre-treatments were actively applied to dentin blocks before performing the adhesive procedure to composite resin. Microtensile bond strength to dentin (μTBS) (n = 8/pre-treatment) was determined after 24 h and 6 months of storage. Data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. As for FT-IR, propyl gallate 1%-treated specimens presented higher water, carbonate, collagen, and amide absorbance rates compared to other tested groups, while specimens pre-treated with glutaraldehyde and distilled water presented similar absorbance curves. Regarding μTBS, all concentrations of propyl gallate resulted in statistically significant higher bond strength values than distilled water at 24 h. After 6 months of storage, propyl gallate 0.1% was the only group that maintained μTBS over time. Propyl gallate 0.1% might be a suitable dentinal pre-treatment due to being able to present chemical bonds with demineralized dentin and providing resin-dentin bond stability after 6 months of storage.

The objective of this study was to clarify whether there are sex-specific differences in salivary α-amylase and immunoglobulin A responses following acute endurance exercise in adolescent males and females with equivalent cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Twenty-six aerobically trained adolescent males and females with similar training status were enrolled in this study. Each individual executed a 1-h prolonged cycling exercise corresponding to a constant power output at 65% of peak oxygen uptake. Unstimulated whole salivary samples were taken with the passive drooling method at the 10-min period before and after exercise for the determination of salivary responses [α-amylase, immunoglobulin A, total protein and flow rate]. Salivary α-amylase activity, immunoglobulin A concentration and total protein concentration were significantly augmented immediately after acute endurance exercise. Regarding sex differences, only the salivary flow rate was significantly lower in females than in males. The findings of the present study imply that adolescent males and females appear to have similar salivary responses after acute endurance exercise, as represented by salivary α-amylase activity and immunoglobulin A concentration in connection with total protein concentration and salivary flow rate, when they are matched for peak oxygen uptake relative to fat-free body mass.