European Journal of Oral Sciences最新文献

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the experimental sealers, composed of tricalcium silicate (CaSi) and CaSi supplemented with calcium hypochlorite (CaSi-H), stimulate tissue repair. The tissue response of experimental materials was compared with commercially available materials Bio-C sealer (BC sealer) and BioRoot (BROOT). Polyethylene tubes filled with materials or left empty (controls) were implanted in rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. The number of fibroblasts, mast cells, collagen content, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) immunoexpression were evaluated. Data were analysed with two-way anova and Tukey's test, and linear regression. The fibroblast-FGF correlation was estimated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. In all groups, the number of fibroblasts and collagen content increased significantly over time. At all-time points, CaSi-H and control groups showed the highest values of fibroblasts, whereas the lowest values were observed in BROOT. At 60 days, no significant differences were detected among CaSi, CaSi-H, BC sealer and controls. At all-time points, the capsules of CaSi and CaSi-H exhibited the highest values of FGF-1 and IL-10 immunoexpression. CaSi and CaSi-H induced the formation of fibrous capsules, indicating that these sealers stimulate connective tissue repair.

Epoxy resin-based sealers are commonly used in endodontic treatment due to their superior physicochemical properties. Therefore, it is important to utilize these materials by enhancing their properties. Nonetheless, several of their properties remain suboptimal, including the relatively prolonged setting time, the moderate yet clinically relevant solubility, the limitations in flow, and the need for enhanced dimensional stability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays on the physicochemical properties of two epoxy resin endodontic sealers. Sealers AH26 and AHplus were tested in their commercial unmodified form (controls) and with the addition of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% MMT modified with cetyltrimethylammonium. The morphological and structural characteristics of the obtained nanocomposites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The study included five evaluations: setting time, flowability, solubility, dimensional change, and compressive strength of the sealers, following the International Standard Organization 6876:2001. The setting time, flow, and solubility values of all modified samples were lower, whereas the compressive strength was higher than seen for unmodified sealers. However, the dimensional change in the control group for both sealers was significantly lower than in the nanoparticle groups.

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, cluster-randomized clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of daily Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 supplementation in reducing caries progression in preschool children. A total of 205 children aged 2-3 years from 10 public nursery schools in Santiago, Chile, were randomized by nursery school clusters (1:1) to receive either probiotic-supplemented milk (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL) or standard milk once daily for 10 months. Examinations were conducted at baseline and 12 months using ICDAS criteria. The primary outcome was the proportion of children whose caries status progressed to cavitated lesions (ICDAS 5-6). Progression occurred in 26.8% of children in the probiotic group (33/123) and 46.3% in the control group (38/82). Surface-level transitions were minimal in both groups and are reported descriptively. No intervention-related adverse events were observed, and adherence exceeded 80%. Daily consumption of milk supplemented with L. rhamnosus SP1 for 10 months reduced the number of preschool children who developed cavitated carious lesions over a 12-month period and may represent a safe and feasible adjunct for community-based prevention of early childhood caries. The trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01648075).

Phosphoric acid etching before internal bleaching may enhance peroxide penetration. The objective of this ex vivo study was to compare the whitening efficacy of four treatment protocols: 35% hydrogen peroxide with (HP + E) and without (HP) etching, and 35% carbamide peroxide with (CP + E) or without (CP) etching. Twenty-four extracted teeth were allocated to one of these treatment protocols. Treatments were applied for 21 days with renewal at 7 and 14 days. Samples were stored in a humidity chamber at 37°C. Tooth shade was measured weekly using an electronic spectrophotometer, after agent rinsing. Overall shade change (∆E00) and Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WID) were calculated. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used to analyze differences between groups. After 21 days, HP + E was found as the most effective bleaching agent (∆E00 = 4.98 ± 1.09), statistically superior to CP and showing a strong tendency towards superiority over HP and CP + E. ∆WID scores were consistently higher for HP + E than for CP groups. Only HP + E reached clinical significance in both ∆E00 (>2) and ∆WID (>3) for all samples after 21 days, thus showing strong reliability. These data support recommendation for clinicians to use phosphoric acid etching prior to internal bleaching, especially for treating most discolored teeth.

The aim of this study was to compare patient perception and data repeatability of conventional and wireless standardized surface electromyography (ssEMG). The electromyographic recordings with both devices were collected at two timepoints (T1 and T2; mean interval 26 days). At T1, participants rated comfort, quickness, and stress on a 10-point Likert scale, with differences assessed using Student's t-test. Data repeatability was analyzed through a linear mixed model (LMM), testing the effects of device type and timepoint on EMG values. Repeatability of ssEMG indices across T1 and T2 was further examined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). A final sample of 45 participants (37 women, mean age 22.8 ± 1.3 years) was included. Wireless ssEMG was rated significantly more comfortable and quicker. LMM revealed no statistically significant main effects for device (estimate 1.7, 95% CI -3.83 to 7.23) or for timepoint (estimate 0.11, 95% CI -5.41 to 5.64), indicating consistent performance across conditions. Despite moderate-to-good within- and between-device reliability (ICC), several indices showed considerable variability across measurements. Concluding, wireless ssEMG is preferred by patients due to their comfort and quickness. ssEMG indices demonstrate good repeatability across devices, but the substantial variability limits their diagnostic utility.

This study investigated how chronic metformin administration modulates the cellular profile and inflammatory markers in a zoledronic acid-based rat model of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Male Wistar rats were allocated to different treatments: (i) naïve, (ii) MRONJ (zoledronic acid, 0.2 mg/kg, i.v. on days 0, 7, 14, and 49), or (iii) MRONJ + metformin (250 mg/kg, by gavage, daily for 70 days). All rats had the inferior first molar extracted on day 42. Mandibular arches were harvested for analyzing their gums on day 70. Additionally, RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with zoledronic acid or metformin for cell viability tests and analysis of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. MRONJ was characterized by increased numbers of empty osteocyte lacunae, osteoclasts, and apoptotic osteoclasts, and by high expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and F4/80 (a macrophage marker). Zoledronic acid-incubated RAW 264.7 macrophages showed increased IL-1β expression. Metformin reduced the number of empty bone lacunae, apoptotic osteoclasts, leukocyte infiltrate, and F4/80 positive cells in the alveolar bone. It increased TRAP expression levels without altering the number of osteoclasts. Metformin also reduced the myeloperoxidase activity and decreased IL-1β levels in vitro. In conclusion, metformin reduced the severity of MRONJ by mitigating the inflammatory response.

This study aims to investigate the trans-dentinal and direct cell viability of ammonia- and water-based silver fluoride treatments. Deep dentin discs were prepared, balanced for permeability and autoclaved. Three-dimensional cultures of odontoblast-like cells were transferred to the pulpal aspect of the dentin slices inside perfusion split chambers designed for dentin-barrier cytotoxicity test, following ISO 7405. An experimental resin-based glass ionomer cement and a polyvinylsiloxane impression material served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The experimental treatments included: (i) ammonia-based silver fluoride = SDF, (ii) SDF + potassium iodide = KI, (iii) water-based silver fluoride = SF, and (iv) SF + KI. Treatments were applied to the occlusal surface of dentin discs and cell viability (%) was assessed after 24 h using the methylthiazolium (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of dilutions (10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, and 10⁻⁵) were evaluated with direct exposure, using the same cell line following ISO 10993-5. SF treatment revealed the highest cell viability among the treatment groups for the dentin-barrier test. In direct cytotoxicity test, SDF and SF treatments exhibited no cytotoxicity at 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻⁵ dilutions. The addition of KI increased cytotoxicity. Ammonia- and water-based silver fluoride treatments, particularly in deep cavities, should be applied with caution.

Periodontitis arises from dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and excessive host immune responses, with the C5a–C5aR axis playing a key role in destructive inflammation. This study evaluated the efficacy of the C5aR antagonist W54011 in treating experimental periodontitis in mice. A ligature-induced periodontitis model combined with localized Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was established to mimic human disease progression. Periodontal inflammation was assessed by measuring TNF-α and IL-6 levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while C5aR expression was analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) quantified alveolar bone resorption. Results showed that TNF-α, IL-6, and C5aR expression was significantly upregulated in periodontitis-affected mice compared to healthy controls. W54011 treatment effectively suppressed these inflammatory mediators and reduced C5aR expression. Furthermore, micro-CT revealed that W54011 significantly attenuated bone loss, preserving periodontal architecture. These findings demonstrate that pharmacological blockade of C5aR with W54011 attenuates periodontal inflammation and reduces alveolar bone destruction, suggesting its potential as a novel host-modulation therapy for periodontitis. The study provides mechanistic insights into C5a–C5aR signaling in periodontitis pathogenesis while proposing a promising therapeutic strategy.

This study investigated the effects of different surface treatments on surface roughness, wettability, and shear bond strength of 3Y-TZP (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal). A total of 180 specimens (6 × 6 × 2 mm) underwent sandblasting with 50 µm Al₂O₃ and were divided into six groups: (i) control (no treatment), (ii) 10-MDP + silane primer, (iii) universal adhesive with 10-MDP and HEMA, (iv) silane-based primer with phosphate methacrylate, (v) methacrylate-based primer with ethanol, and (vi) PMDM primer. Surface roughness and wettability were measured before and after treatment. For shear bond strength evaluation, each group was subdivided by type of resin cement. After 10,000 thermal cycles, shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were measured. Surface treatments increased roughness and wettability. Primers with 10-MDP and silane had the highest bond strength, followed by silane-based primer and universal adhesive. Primers with other functional monomers showed intermediate performance, while the control and PMDM primer had the lowest values. Adhesive remnant index analysis revealed predominantly type 1 failures for 10-MDP + silane and silane-based primers, whereas universal adhesive and other primers showed mixed failures. These results indicate that combining sandblasting with functional surface agents improves zirconia adhesion, with primer composition influencing long-term bonding effectiveness.

This study evaluated the impact of different surface treatments—airborne-particle abrasion (APA), etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) gel, and warm HF (WHF) etching—on the surface microstructure, topography, and shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 mol% yttria stabilized (3Y) and 5 mol% yttria stabilized (5Y) zirconia to composite resin, with and without primer application. A total of 160 zirconia specimens underwent different surface treatments, with half of them receiving primer before bonding with resin cement. x-Ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. SBS was tested using a universal testing machine. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the effects of zirconia type, surface treatment, and primer on SBS, including all two- and three-way interactions. SEM analysis showed pronounced surface roughness in specimens exposed to APA and WHF surface treatments, especially for 5Y-Z. WHF treatment preserved tetragonal phase stability, while APA and HF induced phase transformations. WHF-treated specimens exhibited the highest SBS, and primer consistently enhanced SBS across all groups. WHF treatment with primer yielded the highest SBS in both zirconia types.