European Journal of Oral Sciences最新文献

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, cluster-randomized clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of daily Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 supplementation in reducing caries progression in preschool children. A total of 205 children aged 2-3 years from 10 public nursery schools in Santiago, Chile, were randomized by nursery school clusters (1:1) to receive either probiotic-supplemented milk (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL) or standard milk once daily for 10 months. Examinations were conducted at baseline and 12 months using ICDAS criteria. The primary outcome was the proportion of children whose caries status progressed to cavitated lesions (ICDAS 5-6). Progression occurred in 26.8% of children in the probiotic group (33/123) and 46.3% in the control group (38/82). Surface-level transitions were minimal in both groups and are reported descriptively. No intervention-related adverse events were observed, and adherence exceeded 80%. Daily consumption of milk supplemented with L. rhamnosus SP1 for 10 months reduced the number of preschool children who developed cavitated carious lesions over a 12-month period and may represent a safe and feasible adjunct for community-based prevention of early childhood caries. The trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01648075).

We aimed to estimate the associations between anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety and depression and general anxiety at the latent level. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3320 adults aged 33-35 years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and general anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor model with a residual correlation for dental anxiety (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.999, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.038). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate primary latent correlations between anticipatory dental anxiety, treatment-related dental anxiety, depression, and general anxiety. Secondary models adjusted for sex, education, and smoking. Depression and general anxiety correlated strongly (r = 0.72). Both anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety showed modest associations with general anxiety (r = 0.16-0.18), whereas associations with depression were weaker and attenuated after adjustment. The two dental anxiety constructs were strongly interrelated (r = 0.85). Female sex, lower education, and smoking predicted higher dental anxiety. These findings support the distinctiveness of the two constructs of dental anxiety from depression and general anxiety, though partly overlapping with the latter. Future research should further clarify their developmental pathways and shared mechanisms.

Epoxy resin-based sealers are commonly used in endodontic treatment due to their superior physicochemical properties. Therefore, it is important to utilize these materials by enhancing their properties. Nonetheless, several of their properties remain suboptimal, including the relatively prolonged setting time, the moderate yet clinically relevant solubility, the limitations in flow, and the need for enhanced dimensional stability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays on the physicochemical properties of two epoxy resin endodontic sealers. Sealers AH26 and AHplus were tested in their commercial unmodified form (controls) and with the addition of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% MMT modified with cetyltrimethylammonium. The morphological and structural characteristics of the obtained nanocomposites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The study included five evaluations: setting time, flowability, solubility, dimensional change, and compressive strength of the sealers, following the International Standard Organization 6876:2001. The setting time, flow, and solubility values of all modified samples were lower, whereas the compressive strength was higher than seen for unmodified sealers. However, the dimensional change in the control group for both sealers was significantly lower than in the nanoparticle groups.

To evaluate the combination of composites, adhesive systems, and burs considering artificial accelerated aging (AAA), influence enamel roughness and morphology after attachment removal. One hundred ninety-two bovine enamel specimens were divided according to composite type (Transbond XT, flowable, bulk-fill flowable), adhesive system (Single Bond Universal or Transbond XT primer), and bur for attachment removal (multilaminated carbide or zirconia). Half of the samples were stored for 24 h at 37°C and the other half underwent 300 h of AAA. Surface roughness was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy before and after attachment removal. Data were analyzed using three-way anova with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant differences in enamel roughness were observed according to composite type, adhesive system, and bur used. Multilaminated bur produced higher surface roughness compared to zirconia bur. Transbond composite, particularly when combined with orthodontic adhesive, exhibited greater enamel alteration after AAA. None of the protocols fully restored enamel surface to its original smoothness. Attachment removal inevitably alters enamel morphology, regardless of the materials used. Composite, adhesive, and bur's choice, as well as proper finishing and polishing, is essential to minimize enamel damage after clear aligner treatment.

Intraoral, diffusion-controlled water sorption leads to dimensional expansion and mechanical degradation over time. Measurement of small quantities of water in dental resin composites (RCs) is challenging, as current techniques rely on weighing approaches. Here, we evaluate Karl-Fischer Titration (KFT) and thermogravimetry (TG) as alternatives to ISO 4049 standard. Four indirect RCs, one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN), and one direct composite were soaked in water over 270 days, heated, and evaporated water was detected by KFT and TG. Dilatometric (DIL) and TG coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) measurements were conducted to verify the methodology and to compare with ISO 4049 outcome. Initial water content was measured between 0.19 and 1.65 wt.%, which increased to 0.73-3.12 wt.% upon water sorption over 270 days. The direct RC performed well, indirect RCs showed significant differences, and the PICN performed comparable to indirect RCs. KFT correlated well with ISO, except for one RC. KFT proved slightly more sensitive than TG. DIL offered different linear expansion of high-versus-low-absorbing materials and confirmed the water sorption rate seen by KFT. In contrast to ISO, KFT has the potential to detect initial water content allowing for a precise and kinetic quantification of the water diffusion process.

This study evaluated the incorporation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles into a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and their effects on physicochemical properties and EGCG release. EGCG was added to Single Bond 2 either directly (0.01% and 0.1% w/w) or encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 or 75:25 microparticles (0.5%-2% w/w). Cumulative release was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Degree of conversion (DC) was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; flexural strength and elastic modulus (E) were tested in three-point bending; and water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) were evaluated following ISO standards (n = 10). Microtensile bond strength (TBS) was tested after 24 h, 6, and 12 months. Data were analyzed by anova with significance set at p < 0.05. PLGA 50:50/EGCG at 1% showed the highest release, reaching 77.30 µg. No significant differences were found in DC, E, WS, and SL among the groups. Bond strengths remained stable in all experimental groups after 6 and 12 months, except for the control. Incorporating 1% EGCG-loaded PLGA 50:50 microparticles into Single Bond 2 may represent a promising strategy for controlled release without compromising physicochemical or mechanical properties.

This study examined the effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, antioxidant levels, and periodontal inflammation in a rat model of periodontitis exposed to cigarette smoke. Periodontitis was induced in 30 male Wistar albino rats using ligatures on maxillary second molars. All groups underwent 15 days of smoke exposure, which was then continued for another 15 days in the smoking-only (SO) and smoking + vitamin C. The vitamin C group received 200 mg/kg/day of intraperitoneal vitamin C; the saline group received 0.9% NaCl. On Day 28, rats were euthanized for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. The SO group showed significantly elevated cotinine and tumor necrotizing factor-α levels. Reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and catalase activity were also significantly higher in this group. Vitamin C groups showed lower levels, with no significant differences between them. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power levels in the saline group were significantly higher than in the SO group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant differences in Ki-67 and matrix metalloproteinase-8-positive-stained cells between SO and vitamin C groups. Within the limitations of this model, vitamin C supplementation was associated with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in smoke-exposed rats with periodontitis. These results suggest vitamin C may modulate host antioxidant defense, though further clinical confirmation is needed.

The objectives of this study were threefold: (1) to evaluate whether presenter information related to potential conflicts of interest (COIs) is adequately disclosed on the official EuroPerio and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) websites; (2) to assess how speakers report COI-related information during their presentations; and (3) to examine the criteria used for selecting conference presenters. The programme and video presentations from EuroPerio 11 (May 2025) were systematically analysed. Among 163 invited presenters, only six (4%) disclosed potential COIs on the conference website, and these disclosures lacked detail. Of 160 analysed presentations, 30.1% declared no COI, 19.6% declared potential COIs, and 48.5% made no disclosure; the median disclosure duration was seven seconds. Observations revealed that COI statements were typically brief, suggesting that disclosure was often treated as a formality rather than a substantive ethical practice. No explicit or publicly accessible criteria for presenter selection were identified on either the conference or federation websites. These findings indicate substantial underreporting of both financial and non-financial COIs, limited enforcement of disclosure practices, and a lack of transparency in presenter selection. Clear, standardised, and verifiable procedures for COI reporting and presenter selection are needed to strengthen scientific integrity and maintain audience trust.

This study evaluated the influence of printing orientation and post-curing on the color stability, gloss retention, and surface microhardness of a definitive three-dimensional (3D)-printed dental resin, a high-strength photopolymer with inorganic fillers designed for permanent restorations, after immersion in a staining solution. Circular specimens (6 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness) were printed at 0°, 45°, and 90° orientations and divided into two groups: control (n = 10), post-cured according to the manufacturer's protocol, and negative control (n = 10), without post-curing. Baseline color (L^*, a^*, b^*), gloss, and Knoop microhardness were measured, followed by reassessment after 21 days of immersion in a staining solution. Data were analyzed using two-way and repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Non-post-cured specimens showed perceptible but clinically acceptable color changes. Microhardness decreased after staining in all groups, regardless of curing. Gloss significantly diminished post-staining, with the control group printed at 45° showing superior retention. Printing orientation influenced color stability, with the 0° orientation showing the highest stability. Post-curing enhanced color stability and gloss retention in definitive 3D-printed resins. Printing orientation affected optical outcomes, emphasizing the importance of optimizing both parameters for long-term esthetic and mechanical reliability.