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Development and maintenance of consensus recommendations on pediatric outpatient antibiotic therapy in Germany: a framework for rational use.
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05964-y
Janina Soler Wenglein, Arne Simon, Reinhard Berner, Holger Brockmeyer, Johannes Forster, Eckard Hamelmann, Wolfgang Klein, Johannes Liese, Jennifer Neubert, Johannes Pfeil, Hanna Renk, Tobias Tenenbaum, Nicole Toepfner, Markus Hufnagel, Roland Tillmann

In pediatric outpatient care, overuse and misuse of antibiotics is linked to a high risk of adverse events and increased antibiotic resistance. In 2019, building upon the work of the Antibiotic Therapy in Bielefeld (AnTiB) project (founded in 2016), a collaboration among the AnTiB, the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI), and the Professional Association of Outpatient Pediatricians and Adolescent Physicians (BVKJ) was established to develop consensus recommendations for antibiotic therapy in pediatric outpatient settings in Germany. This working group became the Antibiotic Stewardship in Outpatient Pediatrics (ABSaP). ABSaP institutes recommendations for antibiotic use in outpatient pediatric settings in Germany and updates them regularly. The ABSaP guidelines recommend restrictive, targeted, evidence-based prescription practices for antibiotics used to treat common infections among pediatric outpatients. This expert-driven, pragmatic, best-practice guidance is designed to be a living document. ABSaP's most recent update was published in March 2024. The recommendations aim to guide and standardize rational antibiotics use by emphasizing the importance of avoiding unnecessary prescriptions, while also promoting the application of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, short-duration therapy, and watchful waiting, when treating mild, self-limiting infections in children without significant risk factors.

Conclusions: ABSaP's guidelines may provide a model for others, as well as offer a basis for discussing practical, effective antibiotic stewardship (ABS) measures in pediatric primary care. An international, expert consensus on ABS for pediatric outpatients could help promote a culture of responsible antibiotic use, improve prescribing safety, and contribute to broader ABS efforts.

What is known: • Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are associated with adverse events and increased antibiotic resistance, prompting the need for effective antibiotic stewardship initiatives. • The Antibiotic Stewardship in Outpatient Pediatrics (ABSaP) working group was established to develop and regularly update evidence-based best practice recommendations for the targeted and restrictive use of antibiotics in pediatric outpatient settings in Germany.

What is new: • The most recent update of the ABSaP guidelines was published in March 2024, emphasizing the importance of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, short-duration therapy, and watchful waiting for mild infections, aiming to standardize rational antibiotic use in children. • The ABSaP guidelines have become widely accepted in Germany and are now being translated into English to foster international dialogue and collaboration on antibiotic stewardship in pediatric primary care, potentially serving as a model for similar initiatives in other countries.

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引用次数: 0
Risk factors for stoma and incision complications of enterostomy in children with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study. 极早发性炎症性肠病患儿肠造口和切口并发症的危险因素:一项前瞻性队列研究
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05952-2
Xiaofeng Xu, Yiwen Zhou, Zhixin Tan, Ying Huang, Kuiran Dong, Ying Gu, Jie Chen, Zhuowen Yu
<p><p>Enterostomy is utilized to mitigate severe clinical symptoms in children with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) and to provide a window for stem cell transplantation. Nevertheless, the incidence of postoperative complications is significant, and there is currently a lack of research exploring the risk factors associated with complications related to the stoma and incision following the procedure. The objective of this study is to investigate the risk factors for stoma and incision complications after enterostomy in patients with VEO-IBD. From January 2015 to December 2023, 49 children with VEO-IBD who underwent enterostomy were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics, blood biochemical indices, weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI), and enterostomy-related information were prospectively collected. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the risk factors for ostomy and incision-related complications. All 49 included VEO-IBD children had interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling defects, with 27 (55.1%) having stomal-related complications and 10 (20.4%) had incision complications after enterostomy. Univariate analysis revealed that wPCDAI (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07; P = 0.05) showed a tendency towards statistical significance in the occurrence of ostomy complications. Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.84; P = 0.004), height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.88; P = 0.01), type of surgery (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.56, P = 0.007), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = 0.007), and wPCDAI (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14; P = 0.009) demonstrated statistical significance in the occurrence of incision complications. However, multivariate binary logistic regression did not reveal any statistically significant factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although emergency surgery is unavoidable, our study suggests that improving nutritional status, reducing CRP levels, and increasing preoperative wPCDAI scores may help reduce post-enterostomy stoma and incision complications in VEO-IBD children with interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling defects. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Enterostomy is commonly used to manage severe symptoms in children with VEO-IBD and to provide a window for stem cell transplantation. • The incidence of postoperative complications, including stoma and incision-related issues, is significant in these patients.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• This study identifies potential risk factors for stoma and incision complications following enterostomy in children with VEO-IBD, particularly those with IL-10 signaling defects. • Factors such as nutritional status (WAZ and HAZ), CRP levels, type of surgery, and the wPCDAI were found to be associated with stoma and incision complications in univariate analysis, although multivariate analysis did not sh
肠造口术用于减轻极早发性炎症性肠病(VEO-IBD)儿童的严重临床症状,并为干细胞移植提供了一个窗口。然而,术后并发症的发生率是显著的,目前缺乏研究探讨手术后造口和切口相关并发症的危险因素。本研究的目的是探讨VEO-IBD患者肠造口术后造口和切口并发症的危险因素。2015年1月至2023年12月,49名VEO-IBD患儿接受了肠造口术。前瞻性收集人口统计学特征、血液生化指标、加权儿童克罗恩病活动性指数(wPCDAI)和肠造口相关信息。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定造口术及切口相关并发症的危险因素。49例VEO-IBD患儿均有白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)信号缺陷,其中27例(55.1%)患儿出现肠造口相关并发症,10例(20.4%)患儿出现肠造口术后切口并发症。单因素分析显示wPCDAI (OR, 1.03;95% ci, 1.00-1.07;P = 0.05)造口并发症的发生有统计学意义的趋势。年龄加权z分数(WAZ) (OR, 0.57;95% ci, 0.39-0.84;P = 0.004),身高年龄z分数(HAZ) (OR, 0.57;95% ci, 0.37-0.88;P = 0.01)、手术类型(OR, 0.12;95% CI, 0.03-0.56, P = 0.007), c反应蛋白(CRP) (OR, 1.02;95% ci, 1.01-1.04;P = 0.007), wPCDAI (OR, 1.08;95% ci, 1.01-1.14;P = 0.009)切口并发症的发生有统计学意义。然而,多元二元逻辑回归没有发现任何具有统计学意义的因素。结论:虽然急诊手术是不可避免的,但我们的研究表明,改善营养状况、降低CRP水平和提高术前wPCDAI评分可能有助于减少有白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)信号缺陷的VEO-IBD患儿的肠造口后瘘和切口并发症。需要进一步的大规模研究来证实这些发现。•肠造口术通常用于治疗VEO-IBD患儿的严重症状,并为干细胞移植提供一个窗口。•术后并发症的发生率,包括造口和切口相关问题,在这些患者中是显著的。新进展:•本研究确定了VEO-IBD患儿肠造口术后造口和切口并发症的潜在危险因素,特别是那些有IL-10信号缺陷的患儿。•单因素分析发现营养状况(WAZ和HAZ)、CRP水平、手术类型和wPCDAI等因素与造口和切口并发症相关,但多因素分析未显示这些因素的统计学意义。
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引用次数: 0
Acute leukemia in children: evaluating the necessity of routine biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. 儿童急性白血病:评价常规脑脊液生化分析的必要性。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05986-0
Cléofé Miconi, Elsa Maître, Stéphane Allouche, Valéry Brunel, Elsa Bera, Gérard Buchonnet, Marianna Deparis, Pascale Schneider, Jérémie Rouger

Biochemical analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are routinely performed at diagnosis in many pediatric oncology and hematology centers when acute leukemia is diagnosed. However, the clinical relevance of these analyses remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective analysis of biochemical CSF data from children diagnosed with acute leukemia at two French hospitals between 2016 and 2023 assessing the results in relation to the presence or absence of leukemic neuromeningeal involvement and the correlation between cytological and biochemical analyses. On 151 patients, 13 had a central nervous involvement (CNS), only one with neurological symptoms. All our patients had a biochemical analysis of CSF at diagnosis. We did not find any strong correlation (p < 0.05) between cytological studies and biochemical analysis in CSF.

Conclusion: Without therapeutic impact, we conclude that routine measurement of biochemical analysis in the CSF is not indicated in children with acute leukemia.

What is known: • Biochemical analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is routinely performed in children with acute leukemia in some centers while its clinical value remains uncertain. • Cytology is the gold standard technique for the detection of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in leukemia.

What is new: • No significant correlation was found between CSF biochemical and cytological analyses and CSF biochemical analysis had no added clinical value in this study. • Our results suggest that routine CSF biochemical analysis may be omitted in this clinical context.

在许多儿科肿瘤学和血液学中心诊断急性白血病时,常规进行脑脊液(CSF)生化分析。然而,这些分析的临床相关性仍不清楚。我们对2016年至2023年在法国两家医院诊断为急性白血病的儿童的生化CSF数据进行了回顾性分析,评估了白血病神经脑膜累及的存在或不存在的结果以及细胞学和生化分析之间的相关性。在151例患者中,13例有中枢神经受累(CNS),只有1例有神经系统症状。所有患者在诊断时均进行脑脊液生化分析。结论:在没有治疗影响的情况下,我们得出结论,脑脊液生化分析的常规测量不适合急性白血病儿童。•在一些中心,脑脊液(CSF)的生化分析是急性白血病儿童的常规检查,但其临床价值仍不确定。•细胞学是检测中枢神经系统(CNS)参与白血病的金标准技术。新发现:•脑脊液生化分析与细胞学分析无显著相关性,脑脊液生化分析在本研究中无附加临床价值。•我们的结果表明,常规脑脊液生化分析可省略在这种临床背景下。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of the LIOFeron®TB/LTBI IGRA for screening of paediatric LTBI and tuberculosis. LIOFeron®TB/LTBI IGRA筛查儿童LTBI和结核病的性能评估
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05972-6
Chiara Della Bella, Marco Antonio Motisi, Elisabetta Venturini, Sofia D'Elios, Evangelia Asvestopoulou, Agnese Maria Tamborino, Luisa Galli, Mario Milco D'Elios, Elena Chiappini

Purpose: High-accuracy diagnostic screening tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are required, primarily to detect patients with latent infections (LTBIs) in order to avoid their progression to active tuberculosis disease. The performance of the novel IGRA LIOFeron®TB/LTBI was evaluated in children. The originality of this test is the new MTB antigen contained (L-alanine dehydrogenase), identified as a tool to differentiate active TB from LTBI infection.

Methods: From March 2022 to November 2023, a population of 90 children was enrolled and grouped into healthy, active TB or LTBI individuals, based on diagnostic guidelines. The blood of all these participants was tested with LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay in comparison to diagnosis, as gold standard, and to the current used IGRA QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus.

Results: The two assays demonstrated an excellent concordance of their results with patients' diagnosis of MTB infection. The performance of LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay in terms of accuracy of MTB infection diagnosis was high at ROC analysis (AUC = 0.997), and the test showed 100% sensitivity in LTBI detection. The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus sensitivity for LTBI detection was 85.7%.

Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, the LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay appears to be a promising test for TB and LTBI screening among paediatric patients.

What is known: • The detection of LTBI in children, exposed to MTB infections, followed by appropriate treatment, has a pivotal role in reducing tuberculosis burden. • IGRA tests are easy-to-use methods for helping large TB screening in paediatrics.

What is new: • The LIOFeron®TB/LTBI performance evaluation showed 100% of sensitivity in the detection of LTBI patients. • The LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay might be useful for the detection of LTBI and active tuberculosis paediatric patients.

目的:需要对结核分枝杆菌(MTB)感染进行高精度诊断筛选试验,主要用于检测潜伏感染(LTBIs)患者,以避免其发展为活动性结核病。在儿童中评估新型IGRA LIOFeron®TB/LTBI的性能。该试验的独创性在于含有新的MTB抗原(l -丙氨酸脱氢酶),被确定为区分活动性结核和LTBI感染的工具。方法:从2022年3月至2023年11月,纳入90名儿童,并根据诊断指南将其分为健康、活动性结核病或LTBI个体。所有参与者的血液都用LIOFeron®TB/LTBI检测,与诊断结果(金标准)和目前使用的IGRA QuantiFERON®-TB gold Plus进行比较。结果:两种检测结果与结核分枝杆菌感染的诊断结果具有良好的一致性。在ROC分析中,LIOFeron®TB/LTBI检测方法诊断MTB感染的准确性较高(AUC = 0.997),检测LTBI的灵敏度为100%。QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus对LTBI检测的灵敏度为85.7%。结论:基于获得的结果,LIOFeron®TB/LTBI检测似乎是一种很有前景的儿科患者结核病和LTBI筛查测试。已知情况:•在暴露于结核分枝杆菌感染的儿童中发现LTBI,然后进行适当治疗,在减少结核病负担方面具有关键作用。•IGRA测试是易于使用的方法,有助于在儿科进行大规模结核病筛查。新发现:•LIOFeron®TB/LTBI性能评估显示,对LTBI患者的检测灵敏度为100%。•LIOFeron®TB/LTBI检测可能对LTBI和活动性肺结核患儿的检测有用。
{"title":"Performance evaluation of the LIOFeron®TB/LTBI IGRA for screening of paediatric LTBI and tuberculosis.","authors":"Chiara Della Bella, Marco Antonio Motisi, Elisabetta Venturini, Sofia D'Elios, Evangelia Asvestopoulou, Agnese Maria Tamborino, Luisa Galli, Mario Milco D'Elios, Elena Chiappini","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-05972-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-025-05972-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>High-accuracy diagnostic screening tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are required, primarily to detect patients with latent infections (LTBIs) in order to avoid their progression to active tuberculosis disease. The performance of the novel IGRA LIOFeron®TB/LTBI was evaluated in children. The originality of this test is the new MTB antigen contained (L-alanine dehydrogenase), identified as a tool to differentiate active TB from LTBI infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From March 2022 to November 2023, a population of 90 children was enrolled and grouped into healthy, active TB or LTBI individuals, based on diagnostic guidelines. The blood of all these participants was tested with LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay in comparison to diagnosis, as gold standard, and to the current used IGRA QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two assays demonstrated an excellent concordance of their results with patients' diagnosis of MTB infection. The performance of LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay in terms of accuracy of MTB infection diagnosis was high at ROC analysis (AUC = 0.997), and the test showed 100% sensitivity in LTBI detection. The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus sensitivity for LTBI detection was 85.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the obtained results, the LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay appears to be a promising test for TB and LTBI screening among paediatric patients.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• The detection of LTBI in children, exposed to MTB infections, followed by appropriate treatment, has a pivotal role in reducing tuberculosis burden. • IGRA tests are easy-to-use methods for helping large TB screening in paediatrics.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• The LIOFeron®TB/LTBI performance evaluation showed 100% of sensitivity in the detection of LTBI patients. • The LIOFeron®TB/LTBI assay might be useful for the detection of LTBI and active tuberculosis paediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 2","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Visual CARE Measure for assessing children's perceptions of nurses' empathy. 瑞典版视觉护理量表评估儿童对护士共情感知的效度和信度。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05979-z
Angelica Wiljén, John Chaplin, Stefan Nilsson, Katarina Karlsson, Joakim Öhlén, Anneli Schwarz

The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a questionnaire to be used by children with chronic diseases during procedures. Specific research questions were as follows: Is the translated versions reliable? Is there a correlation between VCM and another questionnaire measuring discomfort to enhance the validity of VCM? The three versions of Visual CARE measure (VCM) were translated following the principles of good practice for translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures, according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Cognitive debriefing interviews with children, parents, and healthcare professionals were carried out. The correlation between empathy and discomfort was evaluated using DISCO-RC. The final versions of VCM were administered to children and their parents after a needle procedure or a nasal tube insertion. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for the 5Q version, 0.93 for the 10Q version, and 0.96 for the 10Q-Parent version, which implies high internal consistency. The intra-class correlation was 0.623 for VCM 5Q, with a mean difference of 1.35 and an ICC of 0.767 for VCM 10Q, with a mean difference of 1.17. This is considered a good agreement between children's and their parents' assessments. A significant difference in the children's reports could be seen when experiencing high discomfort as opposed to low discomfort.

Conclusion: VCM is a useful Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) that can help enhance the quality of care for children in a paediatric setting by capturing their perception of the empathy shown.

What is known: • Parents' by-proxy reports are not always aligned with children's self-reports. In healthcare situations, children can be hurt when they are ignored. • Research shows that empathic encounters relieve distress, improve the relationship between the patient (who could be a child) and carer, and create an open, trusting relationship.

What is new: • This study shows that all three versions of the Visual CARE Measure are valid for assessing children's experience of empathy shown by nurses during a procedure.. • This is one of the first studies that confirms the correlation between children's experience of nurses' levels of empathy and the child's discomfort. • This study shows that the Visual CARE Measure can support the evaluation of children's rights with regards to communication in a clinical context.

本研究的目的是翻译和验证一份问卷,供患有慢性疾病的儿童在手术过程中使用。具体研究问题如下:译文是否可靠?VCM与另一份测量不适的问卷是否有相关性,以提高VCM的效度?根据国际药物经济学和结果研究学会(ISPOR)的说法,三个版本的视觉护理测量(VCM)是根据患者报告结果测量的翻译和文化适应的良好实践原则进行翻译的。对儿童、家长和医疗保健专业人员进行了认知情况汇报访谈。采用DISCO-RC评估共情与不适之间的相关性。最终版本的VCM是在针程序或鼻管插入后给予儿童和他们的父母。5Q版本的Cronbach's alpha为0.89,10Q版本为0.93,10Q- parent版本为0.96,表明内部一致性较高。VCM 5Q的类内相关性为0.623,平均差值为1.35;VCM 10Q的类内相关性为0.767,平均差值为1.17。这被认为是孩子和父母的评估之间的一个很好的一致。当孩子们经历高度不适和轻微不适时,他们的报告会有显著的差异。结论:VCM是一种有用的患者报告体验测量(PREM),可以通过捕获他们对所显示的共情的感知来帮助提高儿科环境中儿童的护理质量。了解情况:•父母的代理报告并不总是与孩子的自我报告一致。在医疗保健情况下,如果儿童被忽视,他们可能会受到伤害。•研究表明,共情遭遇可以缓解痛苦,改善病人(可能是孩子)和照顾者之间的关系,并建立一种开放、信任的关系。新内容:•本研究表明,所有三个版本的视觉护理测量是有效的,以评估儿童的共情经验,护士在一个程序。•这是首批证实儿童对护士同理心水平的体验与儿童不适之间存在相关性的研究之一。•这项研究表明,视觉关怀措施可以支持在临床环境中对儿童交流权利的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Periorificial dermatitis in infants and preschoolers - a narrative review. 婴儿和学龄前儿童的围周皮炎-叙述回顾。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05975-3
Anca Chiriac, Anca E Chiriac, Bhushan Madke, Monika Fida, Amit Bharat Shinde, Uwe Wollina

Periorifical dermatitis (POD) is a papular, chronic inflammatory skin disease commonly seen in women in their 2nd to 4th decade of life. The major differential diagnosis is persistent acne. In children, POD is less common than in adults. In infants and preschoolers POD is rare. We performed a narrative review for POD in children ≤6 years of age. Diagnosis is clinical. The disease presents with monomorphic erythematous papules that usually leave a 1-2 mm Grenz zone around the red lips unaffected. Perinasal skin, nostrils and eyelids can be involved, while extrafacial manifestations are rare. The granulomatous subtype of POD is more common in small children that in adults. The most important differential diagnoses in children include atopic and seborrheic dermatosis, pediatric rosacea, juvenile acne, and cutaneous sarcoidosis. While topical macrolides, azelaic acid, and calcineurin inhibitors are often used in mild cases of adult POD, oral tetracyclines are the treatment of choice in more advanced cases. In infants and preschoolers, tetracycline should be avoided since they can affect the calcification (hardening) of the bones and teeth and lead to permanent discoloration of teeth. There are no randomized controlled trials for POD in this age group available. Topical metronidazole or erythromycin and oral erythromycin are most used. New drugs like JAK inhibitors are on the horizon.

周周性皮炎(POD)是一种丘疹性慢性炎症性皮肤病,常见于20至40岁的女性。主要的鉴别诊断是持续性痤疮。在儿童中,POD不像在成人中那么常见。在婴儿和学龄前儿童中,POD很少见。我们对≤6岁儿童的POD进行了叙述性回顾。诊断是临床诊断。该病表现为单纯性红斑丘疹,通常在红唇周围留下1-2毫米的格伦兹区而不受影响。可累及鼻周皮肤、鼻孔和眼睑,而面外表现罕见。肉芽肿型POD在儿童中比在成人中更常见。儿童最重要的鉴别诊断包括特应性和脂溢性皮肤病、儿童酒渣鼻、青少年痤疮和皮肤结节病。虽然局部大环内酯类药物、壬二酸和钙调磷酸酶抑制剂常用于轻度成人POD病例,但口服四环素类药物是晚期病例的治疗选择。婴儿和学龄前儿童应避免使用四环素,因为它们会影响骨骼和牙齿的钙化(硬化),并导致牙齿永久变色。目前尚无针对该年龄组POD的随机对照试验。外用甲硝唑或红霉素和口服红霉素最多。JAK抑制剂等新药即将问世。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting extubation failure in neonates: The role of lung ultrasound and corrected gestational age in safe weaning in the NICU. 预测新生儿拔管失败:肺超声和正确胎龄在NICU安全脱机中的作用。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05977-1
Bruna Schafer Rojas, Renato Soibelmann Procianoy, Ana Carolina Menezes de Souza, Cristiane Cover Rigodanzo, Gabriela S Trindade, Silvana Piazza Furlan, Rita C Silveira

To evaluate the accuracy of the lung ultrasound score (LUS) in predicting ventilatory weaning failure during neonatal hospitalization in the NICU and to identify factors associated with weaning failure, including corrected gestational age (CGA). This prospective, longitudinal, pragmatic and observational cohort study included neonates on mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was the accuracy of lung ultrasound in predicting 3-day weaning failure, with the ROC curve used to determine the best LUS cutoff (sensitivity and specificity). Among 55 neonates, the pre-extubation LUS did not show statistical significance in predicting weaning failure (AUC 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.76, p = 0,169). In the subgroup analysis, a score ≥ 4 suggests the need for ventilatory support after extubation (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80-1.0, p < 0.001) in neonates with GA ≥ 28 weeks. In extremely preterm infants, the pre-extubation LUS was not statistically significant in predicting weaning failure (AUC = 0.38, 95% CI: 0-0.77, p = 0.535). In contrast, CGA ≥ 28.7 weeks at extubation was predictor of successful weaning within 3 days (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.85-1.0, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: LUS show promise in predicting weaning failure, though its accuracy may be limited in extremely preterm infants, highlighting the need for further well-powered studies. CGA at extubation also emerges as a key consideration in this population, warranting confirmation through robust future research.

What is known: • Identifying the optimal timing for extubation is crucial, as both prolonged mechanical ventilation and failed extubation are linked to increased morbidity. • Lung ultrasound plays a well-established role in diagnosing various neonatal lung pathologies, allowing clinicians to make rapid, bedside decisions for the treatment of newborns.

What is new: • LUS appears to be accurate in predicting weaning failure, though its accuracy may be lower in extremely preterm infants. • In extremely preterm infants, CGA may play an important role in extubation decision-making. • These findings are hypothesis-generating and warrant further investigation in future studies.

评估新生儿住院NICU期间肺超声评分(LUS)预测通气脱机失败的准确性,并确定与脱机失败相关的因素,包括校正胎龄(CGA)。这项前瞻性、纵向、实用性和观察性队列研究纳入了机械通气至少48小时的新生儿。主要结果是肺超声预测3天断奶失败的准确性,ROC曲线用于确定最佳LUS截止点(敏感性和特异性)。在55例新生儿中,拔管前LUS对预测断奶失败无统计学意义(AUC 0.61;95% CI: 0.46-0.76, p = 0.169)。在亚组分析中,评分≥4分表明拔管后需要通气支持(曲线下面积[AUC] = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80-1.0, p)。结论:LUS在预测断奶失败方面有希望,尽管其准确性在极早产儿中可能有限,强调需要进一步的有力研究。拔管时的CGA也是这一人群的一个关键考虑因素,需要通过未来强有力的研究来证实。•确定拔管的最佳时机至关重要,因为延长机械通气和拔管失败都与发病率增加有关。•肺部超声在诊断各种新生儿肺部病变方面发挥着良好的作用,使临床医生能够快速做出新生儿治疗的床边决定。新发现:•LUS在预测断奶失败方面似乎是准确的,尽管其在极早产儿中的准确性可能较低。•在极早产儿中,CGA可能在拔管决策中发挥重要作用。•这些发现是假设的产生,值得在未来的研究中进一步调查。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical characteristics and predictive factors of thrombotic complications in children with acute mastoiditis: a single center retrospective study. 急性乳突炎患儿血栓性并发症的临床特征及预测因素:单中心回顾性研究
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05965-x
Adele Fiordelisi, Sara Soldovieri, Marco Trinci, Giuseppe Indolfi, Elisabetta Venturini, Luisa Galli, Mariapaola Guidi, Franco Trabalzini, Sandra Trapani, Donatella Lasagni

Among acute mastoiditis (AM) complications, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is particularly severe, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potential neurological sequelae. Predicting the development of such complications is challenging. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for the development of CVST in AM. A retrospective study was conducted on children hospitalized with AM at the Meyer Children's Hospital between 2016 and 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: those with CVST (group A) and those without (group B), comparing demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. CVST was diagnosed using computed tomography (CT) and cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). To identify predictors of CVST complications, univariate and bivariate binary regression models were used. Out of 100 patients with AM, 15 (15%) developed CVST. Patients with CVST more frequently presented with fever, neurological symptoms (headache, vomiting), elevated CRP, and white blood cell counts compared to those who did not (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae were more commonly encountered in patients with thrombotic complications (p = 0.024 and p = 0.05). Multivariate regression identified white blood cell (WBC) count and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) as independent predictors of CVST in AM patients (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26, and OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.21, p = 0.010 and p = 0.049, respectively). Conclusions: CVST is a frequent and serious complication of AM. Neurological symptoms and systemic inflammation (WBC count and CRP) are predictive indicators of CVST. Further studies are needed to develop risk algorithms for early diagnosis and to reduce sequelae. What is known: • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are severe complications of acute mastoiditis, potentially leading to neurologic sequelae What is new: • An elevated inflammatory burden, namely a high C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count predict thrombotic complications in children with acute mastoiditis.

在急性乳突炎(AM)并发症中,脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)尤为严重,可导致颅内压升高和潜在的神经系统后遗症。预测这些并发症的发展是具有挑战性的。本研究的目的是评估AM患者发生CVST的发生率、临床特征和危险因素。对2016年至2024年在Meyer儿童医院因AM住院的儿童进行了回顾性研究。将患者分为两组:有CVST的患者(A组)和无CVST的患者(B组),比较人口学、临床和实验室数据。CVST的诊断采用计算机断层扫描(CT)和脑磁共振血管造影(MRA)。为了确定CVST并发症的预测因子,采用单变量和双变量二元回归模型。在100例AM患者中,15例(15%)发展为CVST。与没有CVST的患者相比,CVST患者更频繁地表现为发热、神经系统症状(头痛、呕吐)、CRP升高和白细胞计数(p
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引用次数: 0
Ethical considerations regarding the treatment of extremely preterm infants at the limit of viability: a comprehensive review. 关于在生存能力极限的极端早产儿治疗的伦理考虑:全面审查。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05976-2
Takeshi Arimitsu, Kazuki Hatayama, Kaori Gaughwin, Satoshi Kusuda

Advancements in perinatal care have improved survival rates of extremely preterm infants born at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation, thus introducing new ethical challenges associated with their treatment. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiological prognosis, treatment evolution, and ethical considerations associated with the care of preterm infants at the limit of viability. We comprehensively searched PubMed to find relevant English-language articles published between January 2014 and July 2024. Survival rates of infants born at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation have improved but remain low. Proactive treatment can result in survival rates exceeding 50% for infants born at 22 weeks; however, these infants are at high risk for complications and neurodevelopmental impairment. Advancements in obstetric and neonatal care have contributed to improved outcomes. Ethical challenges include balancing survival with the disability risk, managing patients with uncertain prognoses, and considering parental wishes.Conclusion: The care of preterm infants at the limit of viability presents complex ethical dilemmas. Shared decision-making between healthcare providers and families as well as engaging in societal discourse are crucial to addressing these challenges.

围产期护理的进步提高了在妊娠22至23周出生的极早产儿的存活率,从而引入了与他们的治疗相关的新的伦理挑战。因此,我们回顾了流行病学预后,治疗的演变,以及与生存能力极限的早产儿护理相关的伦理考虑。我们全面检索了PubMed,找到了2014年1月至2024年7月期间发表的相关英语文章。妊娠22至23周出生的婴儿存活率有所改善,但仍然很低。积极治疗可使22周出生的婴儿的存活率超过50%;然而,这些婴儿出现并发症和神经发育障碍的风险很高。产科和新生儿护理的进步有助于改善结果。伦理挑战包括平衡生存与残疾风险,管理预后不确定的患者,以及考虑父母的意愿。结论:生存极限早产儿的护理存在着复杂的伦理困境。医疗保健提供者和家庭之间的共同决策以及参与社会话语对于解决这些挑战至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Trisomy 18 and the possibility of choice: The importance of Perinatal Hospice's support. 18三体与选择的可能性:围产期安宁疗护支持的重要性。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-05970-8
D Visconti, V Esposito, F Brugnoli, V Gallitelli, B Corsano, P Papacci, M Pellegrino, M De Santis, A Lanzone, G Noia

Trisomy 18 is a severe aneuploidy associated with multiple malformations and a poor prognosis. The diagnosis is typically made prenatally, leading to a high rate of pregnancy terminations. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that even though the prognosis is heterogeneous, prolonged survival is possible and these children are an enrichment for their families after all. A retrospective, descriptive and monocentric study was conducted on fetuses diagnosed with trisomy 18, evaluated between March 2017 and June 2023 at our Institution. The objective was to investigate the natural history of trisomy 18 and the psychological impact on parents who choose to carry the pregnancy on, through a retrospective data collection and the use of a questionnaire. Sixteen couples with a diagnosis of trisomy 18 were cared for within the Perinatal Hospice Pathway during the study period. Cardiac defects were identified in 93.7% of cases, structural abnormalities in 71.4%, respiratory defects in 14.3% of the fetuses, while genitourinary defects affected nearly half of the study population. The survival rate was typically less than one day, however two babies survived for more than four years. All couples reported being satisfied with their decision to continue the pregnancy and would do so again if given the opportunity.Conclusions: despite the severity of the diagnosis, couples may choose to continue the pregnancy and give birth. Our study shows that trisomy 18 is not merely a lethal condition and the Perinatal Hospice plays a crucial role in supporting these families.

18三体是一种严重的非整倍体,伴有多种畸形和预后不良。诊断通常是在产前做出的,导致高终止妊娠率。这项研究的目的是证明,即使预后是不同的,延长生存是可能的,这些孩子是丰富了他们的家庭毕竟。对2017年3月至2023年6月在我院诊断为18三体的胎儿进行了回顾性、描述性和单中心研究。目的是通过回顾性数据收集和问卷调查,调查18三体的自然史以及对选择继续怀孕的父母的心理影响。在研究期间,16对诊断为18三体的夫妇在围产期临终关怀途径内得到照顾。心脏缺陷占93.7%,结构异常占71.4%,呼吸缺陷占14.3%,而泌尿生殖系统缺陷影响了近一半的研究人群。存活率通常不到一天,但有两个婴儿存活了四年多。所有夫妇都对自己继续怀孕的决定感到满意,如果有机会,他们还会继续怀孕。结论:尽管诊断严重,夫妻仍可选择继续妊娠并分娩。我们的研究表明,18三体不仅仅是一种致命的疾病,围产期临终关怀在支持这些家庭方面起着至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
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European Journal of Pediatrics
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