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Non-Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in Africa: A Literature Review 非洲非结核分枝杆菌:文献综述
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.21
O.T. Ojo, A.O. Odeyemi
Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. These NTMs are often misdiagnosed as MTB due to their similar clinical presentations to tuberculosis, leading to inappropriate treatment and increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of NTM infections in Africa. Methods: A systematic search was performed using various electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was limited to studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2021. The following keywords were used: "non-tuberculous mycobacteria", "NTM", "Africa", and "prevalence". Studies that focused solely on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or those that did not report prevalence rates were excluded. Data extraction was performed on eligible studies. Overall, a total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Results: In our literature review, we identified a total of 32 studies that reported non- tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) in Africa. The majority of these studies were conducted in South Africa, followed by Ethiopia and Nigeria. The most commonly isolated NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium abscessus. Many of the studies reported a high prevalence of NTM infections among HIV-positive individuals. Other risk factors for NTM infection included advanced age, chronic lung disease, and previous tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: In conclusion, this literature review highlights the significant burden of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa. The prevalence of these infections is high, and they are often misdiagnosed due to their similarity to tuberculosis. The lack of awareness and diagnostic tools for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa is a major concern that needs to be addressed urgently. It is crucial to improve laboratory capacity and develop appropriate diagnostic algorithms for these infections.
背景:非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)已被报道引起肺部和肺外感染。由于这些ntm的临床表现与结核病相似,常常被误诊为MTB,导致治疗不当,发病率和死亡率增加。本文献综述旨在概述非洲NTM感染的流行、临床表现、诊断和管理。方法:系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science等电子数据库。该研究仅限于2000年至2021年用英语发表的研究。使用了以下关键词:“非结核分枝杆菌”、“NTM”、“非洲”和“患病率”。仅关注结核分枝杆菌复合体或未报告患病率的研究被排除在外。对符合条件的研究进行数据提取。总体而言,共有32项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入本综述。 结果:在我们的文献综述中,我们确定了总共32项研究报告了非洲的非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)。这些研究大多数是在南非进行的,其次是埃塞俄比亚和尼日利亚。最常见的NTM菌种为鸟分枝杆菌复合体(MAC)、幸运分枝杆菌和脓肿分枝杆菌。许多研究报告了艾滋病毒阳性个体中NTM感染的高发率。NTM感染的其他危险因素包括高龄、慢性肺病和既往结核病感染。结论:总之,本文献综述强调了非洲非结核分枝杆菌感染的重大负担。这些感染的流行率很高,由于与结核病相似,常常被误诊。非洲缺乏对非结核分枝杆菌感染的认识和诊断工具是一个需要紧急解决的主要问题。至关重要的是提高实验室能力并为这些感染制定适当的诊断算法。
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 Methods: A systematic search was performed using various electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was limited to studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2021. The following keywords were used: \"non-tuberculous mycobacteria\", \"NTM\", \"Africa\", and \"prevalence\". Studies that focused solely on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or those that did not report prevalence rates were excluded. Data extraction was performed on eligible studies. Overall, a total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
 Results: In our literature review, we identified a total of 32 studies that reported non- tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) in Africa. The majority of these studies were conducted in South Africa, followed by Ethiopia and Nigeria. The most commonly isolated NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium abscessus. Many of the studies reported a high prevalence of NTM infections among HIV-positive individuals. Other risk factors for NTM infection included advanced age, chronic lung disease, and previous tuberculosis infection.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this literature review highlights the significant burden of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa. The prevalence of these infections is high, and they are often misdiagnosed due to their similarity to tuberculosis. The lack of awareness and diagnostic tools for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa is a major concern that needs to be addressed urgently. It is crucial to improve laboratory capacity and develop appropriate diagnostic algorithms for these infections.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinant Causes of Limb Amputation in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 埃塞俄比亚截肢的决定性原因:系统回顾和荟萃分析
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.19
Bickes Wube Sume, Soressa Abebe Geneti
Background: Most amputees suffered from lack of rehabilitation services and went on streets as glorified beggars. However, there is a paucity of information about determinant causes of amputation in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of limb amputation and its determinant causes in Ethiopian population. Methods: Worldwide databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched to retrieve pertinent articles. Grey literatures were also looked in local and national repositories. Microsoft excel was used to extract data which were exported to stata version 14.0 for analysis. Cochrane Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were employed to assess reporting biases. Random effect meta-analysis model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence. Results: Twenty-one qualified studies with 18,900 study participants were reviewed. Pooled prevalence of limb amputation was 31.69%. Lower extremity amputation (LEA) accounted for 14.41%, and upper extremity amputation (UEA) took 10.53% (6.50, 14.53). Above knee amputations (2.50 %) were common orthopedic operations whereas ray amputations (0.03%) were the least orthopedic procedures of LEA. Above elbow amputations (2.46%) were common from UEA while shoulder disarticulations (0.02%) were the least orthopedic surgical procedures. The major causes of limb amputations were trauma (11.05%), diabetic foot ulcer (9.93 %), traditional bone setters (24.10%) and burn (10.63%). Conclusion: Lower extremity amputations were common orthopedic surgical procedures. Major determinant causes were trauma, diabetic foot ulcer, traditional bone setters and burn.
背景:大多数截肢者缺乏康复服务,并以乞丐的身份走上街头。然而,关于埃塞俄比亚截肢的决定性原因的信息缺乏。因此,本研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以估计埃塞俄比亚人群中截肢的总患病率及其决定因素。 方法:检索PubMed/MedLine、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Scopus、Science Direct等国际数据库检索相关文章。灰色文献也在地方和国家资料库中查找。使用Microsoft excel进行数据提取,导出到stata 14.0版本进行分析。采用Cochrane Q和I2检验评估异质性。Egger’s和Begg’s测试被用来评估报告偏差。随机效应荟萃分析模型用于估计合并患病率。 结果:21项符合条件的研究纳入了18900名研究参与者。截肢的总患病率为31.69%。下肢截肢(LEA)占14.41%,上肢截肢(UEA)占10.53%(6.50,14.53)。膝关节以上截肢(2.50%)是常见的骨科手术,而射线截肢(0.03%)是LEA中最少的骨科手术。肘部以上截肢(2.46%)最常见,而肩关节脱臼(0.02%)是骨科手术中最少的。截肢的主要原因是创伤(11.05%)、糖尿病足溃疡(9.93%)、传统植骨器(24.10%)和烧伤(10.63%)。结论:下肢截肢是常见的骨科手术方式。主要决定因素为创伤、糖尿病足溃疡、传统植骨器和烧伤。
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 Methods: Worldwide databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched to retrieve pertinent articles. Grey literatures were also looked in local and national repositories. Microsoft excel was used to extract data which were exported to stata version 14.0 for analysis. Cochrane Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were employed to assess reporting biases. Random effect meta-analysis model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence.
 Results: Twenty-one qualified studies with 18,900 study participants were reviewed. Pooled prevalence of limb amputation was 31.69%. Lower extremity amputation (LEA) accounted for 14.41%, and upper extremity amputation (UEA) took 10.53% (6.50, 14.53). Above knee amputations (2.50 %) were common orthopedic operations whereas ray amputations (0.03%) were the least orthopedic procedures of LEA. Above elbow amputations (2.46%) were common from UEA while shoulder disarticulations (0.02%) were the least orthopedic surgical procedures. The major causes of limb amputations were trauma (11.05%), diabetic foot ulcer (9.93 %), traditional bone setters (24.10%) and burn (10.63%).
 Conclusion: Lower extremity amputations were common orthopedic surgical procedures. Major determinant causes were trauma, diabetic foot ulcer, traditional bone setters and burn.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Impact of Drinking Water Quality on the Occurrence of Osteoporosis in Gaza Strip, Palestine 巴勒斯坦加沙地带饮用水质量对骨质疏松症发生的健康影响
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.14
Mazen AbuQamar, Mohammed I. Tabash, Adnan Aish, Abd-Rabo Abu Hasheesh, Fulla Sharaf
Background: Improving water supply quality could be essential for disease prevention strategy that promotes human health. The study aims to investigate the relationship between drinking water quality and the occurrence of osteoporosis in Gaza Strip. Methods: A case-control study design was used, and a multistage sampling method was employed at the main orthopedic clinic. Participants included 200 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and 200 without osteoporosis. All subjects underwent a DEXA scan, and drinking water samples for chemical analysis were done. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and binary logistic regression) were used. Results: Factors such as the source of drinking and cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status were found important in the occurrence of osteoporosis. The source of drinking, cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic played a significant impact in the development of osteoporosis. Bivariate analysis revealed that a number of factors, including female gender, low physical activity, older age (41–50), inadequate education, drinking and cooking water source, and older age (41–50), had a statistically significant association with osteoporosis. With the exception of Mg (>PH =.105, Ca =.102, Mg =.046), the chemical water quality parameter had an impact on the occurrence of osteoporosis but did not achieve a significant difference. Osteoporosis was less likely to occur in people who were obese. Age, obesity, and the lack of magnesium in drinking water were independent predictors of osteoporosis. Conclusion: The study has identified the need for preventive measures to improve drinking water quality to reduce the incidence of various health conditions, including osteoporosis.
背景:改善供水质量可能对促进人类健康的疾病预防战略至关重要。本研究旨在探讨加沙地带饮用水质量与骨质疏松症发生的关系。 方法:采用病例对照研究设计,在主要骨科诊所采用多阶段抽样方法。参与者包括200名被诊断患有骨质疏松症和200名没有骨质疏松症的人。所有受试者都进行了DEXA扫描,并采集了饮用水样本进行化学分析。进行了结构化的面对面访谈。采用SPSS 26进行统计分析,采用描述性统计和推理统计(卡方和二元逻辑回归)。 结果:饮用和烹饪用水的来源、生活方式、社会经济地位等因素对骨质疏松症的发生有重要影响。饮用水源、烹饪用水、生活方式和社会经济因素对骨质疏松症的发生有重要影响。双变量分析显示,女性、低体力活动、年龄较大(41-50岁)、教育程度不足、饮用和烹饪水源、年龄较大(41-50岁)等因素与骨质疏松症有统计学显著相关。除Mg (>PH =。105, Ca =。102, Mg = 0.046),化学水质参数对骨质疏松症的发生有影响,但没有达到显著差异。骨质疏松症不太可能发生在肥胖的人身上。年龄、肥胖和饮用水中缺乏镁是骨质疏松症的独立预测因素。 结论:该研究已经确定需要采取预防措施来改善饮用水质量,以减少各种健康状况的发生率,包括骨质疏松症。
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 Methods: A case-control study design was used, and a multistage sampling method was employed at the main orthopedic clinic. Participants included 200 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and 200 without osteoporosis. All subjects underwent a DEXA scan, and drinking water samples for chemical analysis were done. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and binary logistic regression) were used.
 Results: Factors such as the source of drinking and cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status were found important in the occurrence of osteoporosis. The source of drinking, cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic played a significant impact in the development of osteoporosis. Bivariate analysis revealed that a number of factors, including female gender, low physical activity, older age (41–50), inadequate education, drinking and cooking water source, and older age (41–50), had a statistically significant association with osteoporosis. With the exception of Mg (>PH =.105, Ca =.102, Mg =.046), the chemical water quality parameter had an impact on the occurrence of osteoporosis but did not achieve a significant difference. Osteoporosis was less likely to occur in people who were obese. Age, obesity, and the lack of magnesium in drinking water were independent predictors of osteoporosis.
 Conclusion: The study has identified the need for preventive measures to improve drinking water quality to reduce the incidence of various health conditions, including osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combination of Digital and Conventional Intervention for Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention among Female Sex Workers 数字与传统相结合的女性性工作者性传播感染预防干预
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.5
Cindy Meilinda Sari, Tri Nurkristina, Bagoes Widjanarko, Ani Margawati
Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection (STI). Mobile health (mhealth) is one intervention that is easily accessible to everyone online and offline, allowing two-way communication through the program. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of m-health on STI prevention behavior among FSW. Methods: The study was conducted using quasi-experimental design. It included the treatment group and the control group, each of which included fifty-four (54) FSWs selected by purposive sampling. The m-health intervention was conducted in the form of a short comedy movie on YouTube, combined with offline assertive communication training to improve skills in negotiating the use of condoms to the intervention group. Meanwhile, the control group received regular counseling from the local community health center. The Mann- Whitney test was used to compare the knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior among the two study groups. Results: Intervention for six months in the treatment group increased FSWs knowledge score by 4.0 (p=0.00), attitude by 3.9 (p=0.00), and motivation by 12 (p=0.00). The median knowledge, attitude, and motivation scores were 17.38 and 46, respectively. The model is effective onSTI-prevention behavior through motivational mediator variables with a p-value of 0.00. The condom consistency has the highest outer loading value in the STI-prevention behavior construct of 0.71 ≥ 0.4. Conclusion: A combination of digital and conventional health promotion can improve STI prevention behavior by raising knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and condom consistency behavior.
背景:女性性工作者是性传播感染(STI)的高危人群。移动医疗(mhealth)是一种人人在线和离线都能轻松获得的干预措施,允许通过该计划进行双向交流。本研究旨在确定移动健康对女性性传播感染预防行为的影响。方法:采用准实验设计。它包括治疗组和对照组,每组包括54(54)只有目的抽样的FSWs。移动医疗干预以YouTube上的喜剧短片的形式进行,并结合线下自信的沟通培训,以提高与干预组协商使用避孕套的技能。同时,对照组接受当地社区卫生中心的定期咨询。采用Mann- Whitney测验比较两组学生的知识、态度、动机和行为。 结果:干预6个月后,治疗组FSWs知识得分提高4.0分(p=0.00),态度得分提高3.9分(p=0.00),动机得分提高12分(p=0.00)。知识、态度和动机得分中位数分别为17.38和46。模型通过p值为0.00的动机中介变量对sti预防行为有效。避孕套稠度在性传播感染预防行为构建中的外载荷值最高,为0.71≥0.4. 结论:数字化与传统健康促进相结合可以通过提高知识、态度、动机和安全套一致性行为来改善性传播感染预防行为。
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 Methods: The study was conducted using quasi-experimental design. It included the treatment group and the control group, each of which included fifty-four (54) FSWs selected by purposive sampling. The m-health intervention was conducted in the form of a short comedy movie on YouTube, combined with offline assertive communication training to improve skills in negotiating the use of condoms to the intervention group. Meanwhile, the control group received regular counseling from the local community health center. The Mann- Whitney test was used to compare the knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior among the two study groups.
 Results: Intervention for six months in the treatment group increased FSWs knowledge score by 4.0 (p=0.00), attitude by 3.9 (p=0.00), and motivation by 12 (p=0.00). The median knowledge, attitude, and motivation scores were 17.38 and 46, respectively. The model is effective onSTI-prevention behavior through motivational mediator variables with a p-value of 0.00. The condom consistency has the highest outer loading value in the STI-prevention behavior construct of 0.71 ≥ 0.4.
 Conclusion: A combination of digital and conventional health promotion can improve STI prevention behavior by raising knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and condom consistency behavior.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency of Developing COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Who Were Vaccinated Double-Dose CoronaVac: Data of the Pandemic Authorized Hospital in Northern Cyprus 接种双剂量冠状病毒疫苗的患者发生COVID-19肺炎的频率:北塞浦路斯大流行授权医院的数据
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.2
Ersan Berksel, Asli Aykac, Dilaver Akdur, Kaya Suer
Background: RT-PCR is the leading method used in the diagnosis of COVID-19, caused by 2019-nCoV. CT applications also provide a fast and easy diagnosis for detecting pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The current study, aimed to compare the lung involvement of vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) and unvaccinated patients in the early stage of COVID-19 disease. Methods: In the current retrospective study, which included patients diagnosed with RT-PCR COVID-19 positivity (n=651) between 01 July 2021-15 September 2021, patient information was obtained from the authorized hospital of the pandemic. Data included patients' chest CT scans and whether patients had been vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) information. Results: The ratio of vaccination with double-dose CoronaVac in positive patients was 74.3%. The ratio of patients with normal lung appearance was 61.8%. It was determined that the ratio of involvement in both lungs of patients who were vaccinated with a double dose was significantly lower than the ratio of involvement in patients who were never vaccinated (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that pneumonia cases were less common in individuals vaccinated with double-dose CoronaVac. In this study, it was also determined that the protection of the vaccine was higher in females than in males and that the protection of the double-dose CoronaVac vaccine was higher in the 50-60 age group compared to 60 older patients.
背景:RT-PCR是目前诊断2019-nCoV引起的COVID-19的主要方法。CT应用也为检测由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的肺炎提供了快速简便的诊断。目前的研究旨在比较COVID-19疾病早期接种疫苗(双剂量CoronaVac)和未接种疫苗的患者的肺部受损伤。方法:本回顾性研究纳入2021年7月1日至2021年9月15日期间诊断为COVID-19 RT-PCR阳性的患者(n=651),患者信息来自大流行授权医院。数据包括患者的胸部CT扫描和患者是否接种了疫苗(两剂CoronaVac)信息。结果:阳性患者双剂量冠状动脉炎疫苗接种率为74.3%。肺外观正常者占61.8%。经确定,接种双剂量疫苗的患者双肺受累比例显著低于未接种疫苗的患者受累比例(p <0.001)强生# x0D;结论:在本研究中,确定肺炎病例在接种双剂量CoronaVac的个体中较少见。在这项研究中,还确定了疫苗的保护作用在女性中高于男性,并且在50-60岁年龄组中,双剂量CoronaVac疫苗的保护作用高于60名老年患者。
{"title":"Frequency of Developing COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Who Were Vaccinated Double-Dose CoronaVac: Data of the Pandemic Authorized Hospital in Northern Cyprus","authors":"Ersan Berksel, Asli Aykac, Dilaver Akdur, Kaya Suer","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: RT-PCR is the leading method used in the diagnosis of COVID-19, caused by 2019-nCoV. CT applications also provide a fast and easy diagnosis for detecting pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The current study, aimed to compare the lung involvement of vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) and unvaccinated patients in the early stage of COVID-19 disease.&#x0D; Methods: In the current retrospective study, which included patients diagnosed with RT-PCR COVID-19 positivity (n=651) between 01 July 2021-15 September 2021, patient information was obtained from the authorized hospital of the pandemic. Data included patients' chest CT scans and whether patients had been vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) information.&#x0D; Results: The ratio of vaccination with double-dose CoronaVac in positive patients was 74.3%. The ratio of patients with normal lung appearance was 61.8%. It was determined that the ratio of involvement in both lungs of patients who were vaccinated with a double dose was significantly lower than the ratio of involvement in patients who were never vaccinated (p < 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that pneumonia cases were less common in individuals vaccinated with double-dose CoronaVac. In this study, it was also determined that the protection of the vaccine was higher in females than in males and that the protection of the double-dose CoronaVac vaccine was higher in the 50-60 age group compared to 60 older patients.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Liver Antioxidant Profile in <i>Plasmodium Berghei</i> Infected Mice Treated with Curative Ethanol Leaf extract of <i>Musa paradisiaca</i> 伯氏疟原虫(plasmodimodium Berghei&lt;/i&gt; /i&gt)肝脏抗氧化谱的评价天麻叶乙醇提取物治疗感染小鼠的研究
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.6
Maureen Ibitoroko George-Opuda, Olugbenga Adebayo Adegoke, Bensandy Othuke Odeghe, Abimbola Temitayo Awopeju, Ngozi Margret Okeahialam
Background: The increasing resistance to most antimalarial drugs suggests a need for better alternatives. This study evaluated in vivo antimalarial and liver antioxidant profile of dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: Six groups of ten mice each grouped as control, P. berghei, artesunate, and P. berghei infected mice were orally administered 250,500 and 1000mg/kg Musa paradisiaca leaf extract for 5 days. Blood smears were evaluated for parasitaemia on the 10th day and the mice sacrificed. Catalase, Malondialdehyde, protein, Glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione was estimated using Colorimetric, Biuret and spectrophotometric methods respectively with data analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Catalase activity (umol/ml/mins) was 24.62 ± 0.99, 10.04 ± 0.50, 19.35 ± 0.38, 22.13 ± 0.00, 22.79 ± 0.00 and 23.66 ± 0.20 while Glutathione Peroxidase(u/l) was 332.34± 0.64, 205.22± 4.61, 218.26± 0.63, 310.59± 0.00, 305.20± 0.00. and 295.97± 0.02 at Control, P.berghei, artesunate, 250mg, 500mg and1000mg extracts. Glutathione (mM) was 1.60 ± 0.12, 0.64 ± 0.09, 1.06 ± 0.16, 0.72 ± 0.00, 0.92 ± 0.00 and 1.26 ± 0.08 while Malondialdehye (uM) was 16.93 ± 3.59, 61.65 ± 1.72, 27.80 ± 0.26, 36.90 ± 0.00, 34.30 ± 0.00 and 32.68 ± 0.27 and Protein(g/dl) was 22.37 ± 1.87, 7.91 ± 0.13, 11.78 ± 1.19, 11.79 ± 0.00, 13.20 ± 0.00 and 17.04 ±0.03 at control, P.berghei, artesunate, 250mg, 500mg and1000mg respectively. Conclusion: The study suggested that ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca reduced liver oxidative stress caused by P.berghei
背景:对大多数抗疟药物的耐药性日益增加表明需要更好的替代品。本研究评价了干车前草叶提取物(Musa paradisiaca)对感染伯氏疟原虫小鼠的体内抗疟和肝脏抗氧化作用。方法:6组10只小鼠,每组10只作为对照组,分别给药25、500、1000mg/kg天麻叶提取物5 d。第10天进行血涂片检查是否有寄生虫血症,并处死小鼠。过氧化氢酶、丙二醛、蛋白、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和还原性谷胱甘肽分别采用比色法、双缩脲法和分光光度法测定,数据分析采用SPSS 21版;结果:过氧化氢酶活性(umol/ml/min)分别为24.62±0.99、10.04±0.50、19.35±0.38、22.13±0.00、22.79±0.00和23.66±0.20;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(u/l)分别为332.34±0.64、205.22±4.61、218.26±0.63、310.59±0.00、305.20±0.00。对照组,柏氏p.b erhei,青蒿琥酯,250mg, 500mg和1000mg提取物,295.97±0.02。谷胱甘肽(mM)分别为1.60±0.12、0.64±0.09、1.06±0.16、0.72±0.00、0.92±0.00和1.26±0.08,丙二酸(uM)分别为16.93±3.59、61.65±1.72、27.80±0.26、36.90±0.00、34.30±0.00和32.68±0.27,蛋白质(g/dl)分别为22.37±1.87、7.91±0.13、11.78±1.19、11.79±0.00、13.20±0.00和17.04±0.03。结论:天麻醇提物可降低白僵菌所致肝脏氧化应激
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Minor Blood Group System Antigens and Their Phenotype among Voluntary Blood Donors in Ethiopian Blood and Tissue Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 亚的斯亚贝巴,埃塞俄比亚血液和组织库服务中自愿献血者小血型系统抗原及其表型的评估
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.11
Getu Jenbere, Fekadu Urgessa, Melatwork Tibebu
Background: Red blood cell antigens are numerous in structural and functional diversity; some are proteins while others are carbohydrates. The international society of blood transfusion currently recognized 43 blood group systems containing 349 red cell antigens. It also acknowledged 9 blood group systems (ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, P, Lewis, and Lutheran) that are clinically significant and associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions as well as hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of minor blood group antigens and their phenotype among voluntary blood donors in Ethiopian blood and tissue bank service in Addis Ababa. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 among 260 volunteer blood donors to determine minor blood group antigens and their phenotype at EBTBS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tests were performed using Galileo Neo Immucor, which is fully automated Immunohematology analyzer. Result: A total of 260 blood donors were screened of which 153 (59%) were males. The antigen frequencies of minor blood group systems were: Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S, s were 33.5%, 43.5%, 97.7%, 40.4%, 100%, 45%, 90%, respectively. Regarding phenotype distribution, the most common phenotypes were: Duffy Fy (a-b+) 36.9%, MNS S-s+ 55% and Kidd Jk (a+b-) 59.6%. Conclusion: This study highlights the frequencies of Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S and s blood group antigens and their phenotypes in volunteer blood donors at EBTBS, Addis Ababa. For the management of alloimmunization cases in transfused patients, knowledge of these minor blood group antigens is relevant.
背景:红细胞抗原在结构和功能上具有多样性;有些是蛋白质,有些是碳水化合物。国际输血学会目前承认43种血型系统包含349种红细胞抗原。它还承认9种血型系统(ABO、Rhesus、Kell、Duffy、Kidd、MNS、P、Lewis和Lutheran)具有临床意义并与溶血性输血反应以及胎儿和新生儿溶血性疾病相关。本研究的目的是评估亚的斯亚贝巴埃塞俄比亚血液和组织库服务的自愿献血者中次要血型抗原的分布及其表型。方法:于2022年1月至3月在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的EBTBS对260名志愿献血者进行横断面研究,以确定次要血型抗原及其表型。测试使用Galileo Neo Immucor,这是一种全自动免疫血液学分析仪。 结果:共筛查献血者260人,其中男性153人(59%)。少数血型系统抗原频率分别为:Fy(a)、Fy(b)、Jk(a)、Jk(b)、k、S、S分别为33.5%、43.5%、97.7%、40.4%、100%、45%、90%。在表型分布方面,最常见的表型为:Duffy Fy (a-b+) 36.9%, MNS S-s+ 55%和Kidd Jk (a+b-) 59.6%. 结论:本研究突出了亚的斯亚贝巴EBTBS志愿献血者Fy(a)、Fy(b)、Jk(a)、Jk(b)、k、S和S血型抗原的频率及其表型。对于输血患者同种异体免疫病例的管理,了解这些小血型抗原是相关的。
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引用次数: 0
Health Literacy, General Health, and Lifestyle among Infertile Men and Women in the Southeastern Iran 伊朗东南部不育男女的健康素养、一般健康和生活方式
Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.10
Fatemeh Govahi Kakhki, Fatemeh Pakdaman, Nasimeh Khaleghi, Maryam Seraji
Background: Infertility is a growing social problem, and health literacy is one of the factors that affects infertility, thereby affecting life quality. On the other hand, lifestyle factors exert a considerable impact on reproductive capacity and general health. Against this backdrop, this study aims to determine health literacy, general health, and lifestyle in infertile people in Zahedan, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 86 male and 181 female participants who referred to Molod Infertility center (AliIbnAbiTalib Hospital) in Zahedan were randomly selected. Health Literacy Standard Questionnaires (HELIA), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Miller-Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory (LSI) were used to collect data. In addition, data were analyzed by SPSS V.22. Results: The participants' mean age was 30.87±7.5. Besides, 39% and 70% of the participations did not have enough health literacy and had a moderate lifestyle, respectively. In addition, the general health of 68.9% was exposed to damage. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the three aforementioned factors, with the participants of higher levels of health literacy having had higher levels of general health and lifestyle. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the infertile people's health literacy was not enough, and most of them had a moderate lifestyle. In addition, their general health was exposed to damage in most cases. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to providing proper education and health services to infertile men and women to improve their level of health literacy and healthy fertility in order to support childbearing in the society.
背景:不孕症是一个日益突出的社会问题,健康素养是影响不孕症的因素之一,进而影响生活质量。另一方面,生活方式因素对生殖能力和一般健康有相当大的影响。在此背景下,本研究旨在确定伊朗扎黑丹不孕症人群的健康素养、总体健康状况和生活方式。 方法:在本描述性横断研究中,随机选择在扎黑丹Molod不孕不育中心(AliIbnAbiTalib医院)就诊的86名男性和181名女性。采用健康素养标准问卷(HELIA)、一般健康问卷(GHQ)和Miller-Smith生活方式评估量表(LSI)收集数据。此外,数据采用SPSS V.22. 结果:患者平均年龄30.87±7.5岁。此外,39%和70%的参与者没有足够的健康素养和适度的生活方式。此外,68.9%的一般健康受到损害。此外,上述三个因素之间存在显著关系,健康素养水平较高的参与者的总体健康和生活方式水平也较高。 结论:根据本研究的发现,不孕症人群的健康素养不够,大多数人的生活方式适中。此外,在大多数情况下,他们的一般健康受到损害。因此,有必要注意向不育男女提供适当的教育和保健服务,以提高他们的保健知识水平和健康的生育能力,以便在社会上支持生育。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing the Risks of Nuclear War- The Role of Health Professionals. 降低核战争风险--卫生专业人员的作用。
IF 1.2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.1
Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Marcel Gm Olde Rikkert, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Bob Mash, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, Eric J Rubin, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
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引用次数: 0
Diaphragmatic Ultrasound Advantages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. 慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者膈肌超声检查的优势:系统综述与元分析》。
IF 1.2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.20
Hadi Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki, Samira Alesaeidi, Goli Siri, Amir Arya, Hadi Sarafraz, Khadijeh Otadi, Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi, Kobra Abedinzadeh

Background: Diaphragmatic ultrasound is increasingly used to assess patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The present study aims to investigate diaphragmatic dysfunction in COPD patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: In December 2022,The researchers studied four international databases such as Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ISI/WOS, and Scopus. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles.

Results: Finally, 6 articles were included in the analysis. Based on the meta-analysis results, forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was significantly lower in COPD patients compared to the control group (Hedges's g= -2.99, 95 % CI -4.78, -1.19; P =0.001). Forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly lower in COPD patients compared to the control group (Hedges's g= -1.12, 95 % CI -1.91, - 0.33; P =0.005). COPD patients had significantly lower FEV1/FVC than the control group (Hedges's g= -1.57, 95 % CI -2.33, -0.81; P <0.001).

Conclusion: The present study showed that the diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) method could identify the difference in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC indices in two groups of COPD patients and healthy people.

背景:膈肌超声越来越多地被用于评估慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者。本研究旨在通过系统综述和荟萃分析研究 COPD 患者的膈肌功能障碍:2022 年 12 月,研究人员研究了 Medline/PubMed、ProQuest、ISI/WOS 和 Scopus 等四个国际数据库。研究人员使用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(JBI)的核对表来审查和控制文章的质量:最后,6 篇文章被纳入分析。根据荟萃分析结果,与对照组相比,慢性阻塞性肺病患者的用力呼气容积(FEV1)明显较低(Hedges's g= -2.99, 95 % CI -4.78, -1.19; P =0.001)。与对照组相比,慢性阻塞性肺病患者的用力肺活量(FVC)明显降低(Hedges's g= -1.12, 95 % CI -1.91, - 0.33; P =0.005)。慢性阻塞性肺病患者的 FEV1/FVC 明显低于对照组(Hedges's g= -1.57, 95 % CI -2.33, -0.81;P 结论:本研究表明,膈肌超声(DUS)方法可识别两组慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者和健康人在 FEV1、FVC 和 FEV1/FVC 指数上的差异。
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Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
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