Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) imposes a substantial healthcare burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. Understanding the determinants influencing SCA severity is crucial for enhanced disease management and optimized patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Neutrophil Ratio (PNR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and SCA severity.
Methods: A cohort of 45 children diagnosed with SCA and undergoing treatment at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, was included in this study. Demographic and clinical data, along with laboratory measurements of the aforementioned ratios, were collected. The severity of SCA was assessed using numerical scoring.
Results: The analysis revealed that PNR and PLR emerged as significant predictors of SCA severity, irrespective of the level of adiposity. In contrast, NLR demonstrated no predictive value in relation to SCA severity.
Conclusion: The findings challenge the conventional notion that neutrophils alone play a central role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell crises. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease and provide insights into possible alternative mechanisms underlying SCA severity. Further research is warranted to explore the intricate interplay between platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other biological factors within the context of SCA. Ultimately, this knowledge may pave the way for targeted interventions and improved management strategies for individuals living with SCA.
{"title":"Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, Platelet-Neutrophil, and PlateletLymphocyte Ratios as Indicators of Sickle Cell Anaemia Severity","authors":"Chilota Chibuife Efobi, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Chika Sandra Madu, Chuka Charles Ikediashi, Obiora Ejiofor, Chika Ifeoma Ofiaeli","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) imposes a substantial healthcare burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. Understanding the determinants influencing SCA severity is crucial for enhanced disease management and optimized patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Neutrophil Ratio (PNR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and SCA severity.
 Methods: A cohort of 45 children diagnosed with SCA and undergoing treatment at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, was included in this study. Demographic and clinical data, along with laboratory measurements of the aforementioned ratios, were collected. The severity of SCA was assessed using numerical scoring.
 Results: The analysis revealed that PNR and PLR emerged as significant predictors of SCA severity, irrespective of the level of adiposity. In contrast, NLR demonstrated no predictive value in relation to SCA severity.
 Conclusion: The findings challenge the conventional notion that neutrophils alone play a central role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell crises. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease and provide insights into possible alternative mechanisms underlying SCA severity. Further research is warranted to explore the intricate interplay between platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other biological factors within the context of SCA. Ultimately, this knowledge may pave the way for targeted interventions and improved management strategies for individuals living with SCA.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. These NTMs are often misdiagnosed as MTB due to their similar clinical presentations to tuberculosis, leading to inappropriate treatment and increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of NTM infections in Africa.
Methods: A systematic search was performed using various electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was limited to studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2021. The following keywords were used: "non-tuberculous mycobacteria", "NTM", "Africa", and "prevalence". Studies that focused solely on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or those that did not report prevalence rates were excluded. Data extraction was performed on eligible studies. Overall, a total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
Results: In our literature review, we identified a total of 32 studies that reported non- tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) in Africa. The majority of these studies were conducted in South Africa, followed by Ethiopia and Nigeria. The most commonly isolated NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium abscessus. Many of the studies reported a high prevalence of NTM infections among HIV-positive individuals. Other risk factors for NTM infection included advanced age, chronic lung disease, and previous tuberculosis infection.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this literature review highlights the significant burden of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa. The prevalence of these infections is high, and they are often misdiagnosed due to their similarity to tuberculosis. The lack of awareness and diagnostic tools for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa is a major concern that needs to be addressed urgently. It is crucial to improve laboratory capacity and develop appropriate diagnostic algorithms for these infections.
背景:非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)已被报道引起肺部和肺外感染。由于这些ntm的临床表现与结核病相似，常常被误诊为MTB，导致治疗不当，发病率和死亡率增加。本文献综述旨在概述非洲NTM感染的流行、临床表现、诊断和管理。方法:系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science等电子数据库。该研究仅限于2000年至2021年用英语发表的研究。使用了以下关键词:“非结核分枝杆菌”、“NTM”、“非洲”和“患病率”。仅关注结核分枝杆菌复合体或未报告患病率的研究被排除在外。对符合条件的研究进行数据提取。总体而言，共有32项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入本综述。
结果:在我们的文献综述中，我们确定了总共32项研究报告了非洲的非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)。这些研究大多数是在南非进行的，其次是埃塞俄比亚和尼日利亚。最常见的NTM菌种为鸟分枝杆菌复合体(MAC)、幸运分枝杆菌和脓肿分枝杆菌。许多研究报告了艾滋病毒阳性个体中NTM感染的高发率。NTM感染的其他危险因素包括高龄、慢性肺病和既往结核病感染。结论:总之，本文献综述强调了非洲非结核分枝杆菌感染的重大负担。这些感染的流行率很高，由于与结核病相似，常常被误诊。非洲缺乏对非结核分枝杆菌感染的认识和诊断工具是一个需要紧急解决的主要问题。至关重要的是提高实验室能力并为这些感染制定适当的诊断算法。
{"title":"Non-Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in Africa: A Literature Review","authors":"O.T. Ojo, A.O. Odeyemi","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. These NTMs are often misdiagnosed as MTB due to their similar clinical presentations to tuberculosis, leading to inappropriate treatment and increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of NTM infections in Africa.
 Methods: A systematic search was performed using various electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was limited to studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2021. The following keywords were used: \"non-tuberculous mycobacteria\", \"NTM\", \"Africa\", and \"prevalence\". Studies that focused solely on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or those that did not report prevalence rates were excluded. Data extraction was performed on eligible studies. Overall, a total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
 Results: In our literature review, we identified a total of 32 studies that reported non- tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) in Africa. The majority of these studies were conducted in South Africa, followed by Ethiopia and Nigeria. The most commonly isolated NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium abscessus. Many of the studies reported a high prevalence of NTM infections among HIV-positive individuals. Other risk factors for NTM infection included advanced age, chronic lung disease, and previous tuberculosis infection.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this literature review highlights the significant burden of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa. The prevalence of these infections is high, and they are often misdiagnosed due to their similarity to tuberculosis. The lack of awareness and diagnostic tools for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections in Africa is a major concern that needs to be addressed urgently. It is crucial to improve laboratory capacity and develop appropriate diagnostic algorithms for these infections.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Most amputees suffered from lack of rehabilitation services and went on streets as glorified beggars. However, there is a paucity of information about determinant causes of amputation in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of limb amputation and its determinant causes in Ethiopian population.
Methods: Worldwide databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched to retrieve pertinent articles. Grey literatures were also looked in local and national repositories. Microsoft excel was used to extract data which were exported to stata version 14.0 for analysis. Cochrane Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were employed to assess reporting biases. Random effect meta-analysis model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence.
Results: Twenty-one qualified studies with 18,900 study participants were reviewed. Pooled prevalence of limb amputation was 31.69%. Lower extremity amputation (LEA) accounted for 14.41%, and upper extremity amputation (UEA) took 10.53% (6.50, 14.53). Above knee amputations (2.50 %) were common orthopedic operations whereas ray amputations (0.03%) were the least orthopedic procedures of LEA. Above elbow amputations (2.46%) were common from UEA while shoulder disarticulations (0.02%) were the least orthopedic surgical procedures. The major causes of limb amputations were trauma (11.05%), diabetic foot ulcer (9.93 %), traditional bone setters (24.10%) and burn (10.63%).
Conclusion: Lower extremity amputations were common orthopedic surgical procedures. Major determinant causes were trauma, diabetic foot ulcer, traditional bone setters and burn.
背景:大多数截肢者缺乏康复服务，并以乞丐的身份走上街头。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚截肢的决定性原因的信息缺乏。因此，本研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以估计埃塞俄比亚人群中截肢的总患病率及其决定因素。
方法:检索PubMed/MedLine、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Scopus、Science Direct等国际数据库检索相关文章。灰色文献也在地方和国家资料库中查找。使用Microsoft excel进行数据提取，导出到stata 14.0版本进行分析。采用Cochrane Q和I2检验评估异质性。Egger’s和Begg’s测试被用来评估报告偏差。随机效应荟萃分析模型用于估计合并患病率。
结果:21项符合条件的研究纳入了18900名研究参与者。截肢的总患病率为31.69%。下肢截肢(LEA)占14.41%，上肢截肢(UEA)占10.53%(6.50,14.53)。膝关节以上截肢(2.50%)是常见的骨科手术，而射线截肢(0.03%)是LEA中最少的骨科手术。肘部以上截肢(2.46%)最常见，而肩关节脱臼(0.02%)是骨科手术中最少的。截肢的主要原因是创伤(11.05%)、糖尿病足溃疡(9.93%)、传统植骨器(24.10%)和烧伤(10.63%)。结论:下肢截肢是常见的骨科手术方式。主要决定因素为创伤、糖尿病足溃疡、传统植骨器和烧伤。
{"title":"Determinant Causes of Limb Amputation in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Bickes Wube Sume, Soressa Abebe Geneti","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most amputees suffered from lack of rehabilitation services and went on streets as glorified beggars. However, there is a paucity of information about determinant causes of amputation in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of limb amputation and its determinant causes in Ethiopian population.
 Methods: Worldwide databases such as PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched to retrieve pertinent articles. Grey literatures were also looked in local and national repositories. Microsoft excel was used to extract data which were exported to stata version 14.0 for analysis. Cochrane Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were employed to assess reporting biases. Random effect meta-analysis model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence.
 Results: Twenty-one qualified studies with 18,900 study participants were reviewed. Pooled prevalence of limb amputation was 31.69%. Lower extremity amputation (LEA) accounted for 14.41%, and upper extremity amputation (UEA) took 10.53% (6.50, 14.53). Above knee amputations (2.50 %) were common orthopedic operations whereas ray amputations (0.03%) were the least orthopedic procedures of LEA. Above elbow amputations (2.46%) were common from UEA while shoulder disarticulations (0.02%) were the least orthopedic surgical procedures. The major causes of limb amputations were trauma (11.05%), diabetic foot ulcer (9.93 %), traditional bone setters (24.10%) and burn (10.63%).
 Conclusion: Lower extremity amputations were common orthopedic surgical procedures. Major determinant causes were trauma, diabetic foot ulcer, traditional bone setters and burn.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mazen AbuQamar, Mohammed I. Tabash, Adnan Aish, Abd-Rabo Abu Hasheesh, Fulla Sharaf
Background: Improving water supply quality could be essential for disease prevention strategy that promotes human health. The study aims to investigate the relationship between drinking water quality and the occurrence of osteoporosis in Gaza Strip.
Methods: A case-control study design was used, and a multistage sampling method was employed at the main orthopedic clinic. Participants included 200 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and 200 without osteoporosis. All subjects underwent a DEXA scan, and drinking water samples for chemical analysis were done. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and binary logistic regression) were used.
Results: Factors such as the source of drinking and cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status were found important in the occurrence of osteoporosis. The source of drinking, cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic played a significant impact in the development of osteoporosis. Bivariate analysis revealed that a number of factors, including female gender, low physical activity, older age (41–50), inadequate education, drinking and cooking water source, and older age (41–50), had a statistically significant association with osteoporosis. With the exception of Mg (>PH =.105, Ca =.102, Mg =.046), the chemical water quality parameter had an impact on the occurrence of osteoporosis but did not achieve a significant difference. Osteoporosis was less likely to occur in people who were obese. Age, obesity, and the lack of magnesium in drinking water were independent predictors of osteoporosis.
Conclusion: The study has identified the need for preventive measures to improve drinking water quality to reduce the incidence of various health conditions, including osteoporosis.
{"title":"Health Impact of Drinking Water Quality on the Occurrence of Osteoporosis in Gaza Strip, Palestine","authors":"Mazen AbuQamar, Mohammed I. Tabash, Adnan Aish, Abd-Rabo Abu Hasheesh, Fulla Sharaf","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Improving water supply quality could be essential for disease prevention strategy that promotes human health. The study aims to investigate the relationship between drinking water quality and the occurrence of osteoporosis in Gaza Strip.
 Methods: A case-control study design was used, and a multistage sampling method was employed at the main orthopedic clinic. Participants included 200 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and 200 without osteoporosis. All subjects underwent a DEXA scan, and drinking water samples for chemical analysis were done. A structured face-to-face interview was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and binary logistic regression) were used.
 Results: Factors such as the source of drinking and cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status were found important in the occurrence of osteoporosis. The source of drinking, cooking water, lifestyle, and socioeconomic played a significant impact in the development of osteoporosis. Bivariate analysis revealed that a number of factors, including female gender, low physical activity, older age (41–50), inadequate education, drinking and cooking water source, and older age (41–50), had a statistically significant association with osteoporosis. With the exception of Mg (>PH =.105, Ca =.102, Mg =.046), the chemical water quality parameter had an impact on the occurrence of osteoporosis but did not achieve a significant difference. Osteoporosis was less likely to occur in people who were obese. Age, obesity, and the lack of magnesium in drinking water were independent predictors of osteoporosis.
 Conclusion: The study has identified the need for preventive measures to improve drinking water quality to reduce the incidence of various health conditions, including osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cindy Meilinda Sari, Tri Nurkristina, Bagoes Widjanarko, Ani Margawati
Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection (STI). Mobile health (mhealth) is one intervention that is easily accessible to everyone online and offline, allowing two-way communication through the program. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of m-health on STI prevention behavior among FSW.
Methods: The study was conducted using quasi-experimental design. It included the treatment group and the control group, each of which included fifty-four (54) FSWs selected by purposive sampling. The m-health intervention was conducted in the form of a short comedy movie on YouTube, combined with offline assertive communication training to improve skills in negotiating the use of condoms to the intervention group. Meanwhile, the control group received regular counseling from the local community health center. The Mann- Whitney test was used to compare the knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior among the two study groups.
Results: Intervention for six months in the treatment group increased FSWs knowledge score by 4.0 (p=0.00), attitude by 3.9 (p=0.00), and motivation by 12 (p=0.00). The median knowledge, attitude, and motivation scores were 17.38 and 46, respectively. The model is effective onSTI-prevention behavior through motivational mediator variables with a p-value of 0.00. The condom consistency has the highest outer loading value in the STI-prevention behavior construct of 0.71 ≥ 0.4.
Conclusion: A combination of digital and conventional health promotion can improve STI prevention behavior by raising knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and condom consistency behavior.
{"title":"Combination of Digital and Conventional Intervention for Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention among Female Sex Workers","authors":"Cindy Meilinda Sari, Tri Nurkristina, Bagoes Widjanarko, Ani Margawati","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection (STI). Mobile health (mhealth) is one intervention that is easily accessible to everyone online and offline, allowing two-way communication through the program. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of m-health on STI prevention behavior among FSW.
 Methods: The study was conducted using quasi-experimental design. It included the treatment group and the control group, each of which included fifty-four (54) FSWs selected by purposive sampling. The m-health intervention was conducted in the form of a short comedy movie on YouTube, combined with offline assertive communication training to improve skills in negotiating the use of condoms to the intervention group. Meanwhile, the control group received regular counseling from the local community health center. The Mann- Whitney test was used to compare the knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior among the two study groups.
 Results: Intervention for six months in the treatment group increased FSWs knowledge score by 4.0 (p=0.00), attitude by 3.9 (p=0.00), and motivation by 12 (p=0.00). The median knowledge, attitude, and motivation scores were 17.38 and 46, respectively. The model is effective onSTI-prevention behavior through motivational mediator variables with a p-value of 0.00. The condom consistency has the highest outer loading value in the STI-prevention behavior construct of 0.71 ≥ 0.4.
 Conclusion: A combination of digital and conventional health promotion can improve STI prevention behavior by raising knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and condom consistency behavior.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ersan Berksel, Asli Aykac, Dilaver Akdur, Kaya Suer
Background: RT-PCR is the leading method used in the diagnosis of COVID-19, caused by 2019-nCoV. CT applications also provide a fast and easy diagnosis for detecting pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The current study, aimed to compare the lung involvement of vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) and unvaccinated patients in the early stage of COVID-19 disease.
Methods: In the current retrospective study, which included patients diagnosed with RT-PCR COVID-19 positivity (n=651) between 01 July 2021-15 September 2021, patient information was obtained from the authorized hospital of the pandemic. Data included patients' chest CT scans and whether patients had been vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) information.
Results: The ratio of vaccination with double-dose CoronaVac in positive patients was 74.3%. The ratio of patients with normal lung appearance was 61.8%. It was determined that the ratio of involvement in both lungs of patients who were vaccinated with a double dose was significantly lower than the ratio of involvement in patients who were never vaccinated (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that pneumonia cases were less common in individuals vaccinated with double-dose CoronaVac. In this study, it was also determined that the protection of the vaccine was higher in females than in males and that the protection of the double-dose CoronaVac vaccine was higher in the 50-60 age group compared to 60 older patients.
{"title":"Frequency of Developing COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Who Were Vaccinated Double-Dose CoronaVac: Data of the Pandemic Authorized Hospital in Northern Cyprus","authors":"Ersan Berksel, Asli Aykac, Dilaver Akdur, Kaya Suer","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: RT-PCR is the leading method used in the diagnosis of COVID-19, caused by 2019-nCoV. CT applications also provide a fast and easy diagnosis for detecting pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The current study, aimed to compare the lung involvement of vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) and unvaccinated patients in the early stage of COVID-19 disease.
 Methods: In the current retrospective study, which included patients diagnosed with RT-PCR COVID-19 positivity (n=651) between 01 July 2021-15 September 2021, patient information was obtained from the authorized hospital of the pandemic. Data included patients' chest CT scans and whether patients had been vaccinated (two-dose CoronaVac) information.
 Results: The ratio of vaccination with double-dose CoronaVac in positive patients was 74.3%. The ratio of patients with normal lung appearance was 61.8%. It was determined that the ratio of involvement in both lungs of patients who were vaccinated with a double dose was significantly lower than the ratio of involvement in patients who were never vaccinated (p < 0.001).
 Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that pneumonia cases were less common in individuals vaccinated with double-dose CoronaVac. In this study, it was also determined that the protection of the vaccine was higher in females than in males and that the protection of the double-dose CoronaVac vaccine was higher in the 50-60 age group compared to 60 older patients.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The increasing resistance to most antimalarial drugs suggests a need for better alternatives. This study evaluated in vivo antimalarial and liver antioxidant profile of dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Methods: Six groups of ten mice each grouped as control, P. berghei, artesunate, and P. berghei infected mice were orally administered 250,500 and 1000mg/kg Musa paradisiaca leaf extract for 5 days. Blood smears were evaluated for parasitaemia on the 10th day and the mice sacrificed. Catalase, Malondialdehyde, protein, Glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione was estimated using Colorimetric, Biuret and spectrophotometric methods respectively with data analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: Catalase activity (umol/ml/mins) was 24.62 ± 0.99, 10.04 ± 0.50, 19.35 ± 0.38, 22.13 ± 0.00, 22.79 ± 0.00 and 23.66 ± 0.20 while Glutathione Peroxidase(u/l) was 332.34± 0.64, 205.22± 4.61, 218.26± 0.63, 310.59± 0.00, 305.20± 0.00. and 295.97± 0.02 at Control, P.berghei, artesunate, 250mg, 500mg and1000mg extracts. Glutathione (mM) was 1.60 ± 0.12, 0.64 ± 0.09, 1.06 ± 0.16, 0.72 ± 0.00, 0.92 ± 0.00 and 1.26 ± 0.08 while Malondialdehye (uM) was 16.93 ± 3.59, 61.65 ± 1.72, 27.80 ± 0.26, 36.90 ± 0.00, 34.30 ± 0.00 and 32.68 ± 0.27 and Protein(g/dl) was 22.37 ± 1.87, 7.91 ± 0.13, 11.78 ± 1.19, 11.79 ± 0.00, 13.20 ± 0.00 and 17.04 ±0.03 at control, P.berghei, artesunate, 250mg, 500mg and1000mg respectively.
Conclusion: The study suggested that ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca reduced liver oxidative stress caused by P.berghei
{"title":"Assessment of Liver Antioxidant Profile in <i>Plasmodium Berghei</i> Infected Mice Treated with Curative Ethanol Leaf extract of <i>Musa paradisiaca</i>","authors":"Maureen Ibitoroko George-Opuda, Olugbenga Adebayo Adegoke, Bensandy Othuke Odeghe, Abimbola Temitayo Awopeju, Ngozi Margret Okeahialam","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing resistance to most antimalarial drugs suggests a need for better alternatives. This study evaluated in vivo antimalarial and liver antioxidant profile of dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
 Methods: Six groups of ten mice each grouped as control, P. berghei, artesunate, and P. berghei infected mice were orally administered 250,500 and 1000mg/kg Musa paradisiaca leaf extract for 5 days. Blood smears were evaluated for parasitaemia on the 10th day and the mice sacrificed. Catalase, Malondialdehyde, protein, Glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione was estimated using Colorimetric, Biuret and spectrophotometric methods respectively with data analyzed using SPSS version 21.
 Results: Catalase activity (umol/ml/mins) was 24.62 ± 0.99, 10.04 ± 0.50, 19.35 ± 0.38, 22.13 ± 0.00, 22.79 ± 0.00 and 23.66 ± 0.20 while Glutathione Peroxidase(u/l) was 332.34± 0.64, 205.22± 4.61, 218.26± 0.63, 310.59± 0.00, 305.20± 0.00. and 295.97± 0.02 at Control, P.berghei, artesunate, 250mg, 500mg and1000mg extracts. Glutathione (mM) was 1.60 ± 0.12, 0.64 ± 0.09, 1.06 ± 0.16, 0.72 ± 0.00, 0.92 ± 0.00 and 1.26 ± 0.08 while Malondialdehye (uM) was 16.93 ± 3.59, 61.65 ± 1.72, 27.80 ± 0.26, 36.90 ± 0.00, 34.30 ± 0.00 and 32.68 ± 0.27 and Protein(g/dl) was 22.37 ± 1.87, 7.91 ± 0.13, 11.78 ± 1.19, 11.79 ± 0.00, 13.20 ± 0.00 and 17.04 ±0.03 at control, P.berghei, artesunate, 250mg, 500mg and1000mg respectively.
 Conclusion: The study suggested that ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca reduced liver oxidative stress caused by P.berghei","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Red blood cell antigens are numerous in structural and functional diversity; some are proteins while others are carbohydrates. The international society of blood transfusion currently recognized 43 blood group systems containing 349 red cell antigens. It also acknowledged 9 blood group systems (ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, P, Lewis, and Lutheran) that are clinically significant and associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions as well as hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of minor blood group antigens and their phenotype among voluntary blood donors in Ethiopian blood and tissue bank service in Addis Ababa.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 among 260 volunteer blood donors to determine minor blood group antigens and their phenotype at EBTBS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tests were performed using Galileo Neo Immucor, which is fully automated Immunohematology analyzer.
Result: A total of 260 blood donors were screened of which 153 (59%) were males. The antigen frequencies of minor blood group systems were: Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S, s were 33.5%, 43.5%, 97.7%, 40.4%, 100%, 45%, 90%, respectively. Regarding phenotype distribution, the most common phenotypes were: Duffy Fy (a-b+) 36.9%, MNS S-s+ 55% and Kidd Jk (a+b-) 59.6%.
Conclusion: This study highlights the frequencies of Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S and s blood group antigens and their phenotypes in volunteer blood donors at EBTBS, Addis Ababa. For the management of alloimmunization cases in transfused patients, knowledge of these minor blood group antigens is relevant.
{"title":"Assessment of Minor Blood Group System Antigens and Their Phenotype among Voluntary Blood Donors in Ethiopian Blood and Tissue Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Getu Jenbere, Fekadu Urgessa, Melatwork Tibebu","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Red blood cell antigens are numerous in structural and functional diversity; some are proteins while others are carbohydrates. The international society of blood transfusion currently recognized 43 blood group systems containing 349 red cell antigens. It also acknowledged 9 blood group systems (ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, P, Lewis, and Lutheran) that are clinically significant and associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions as well as hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of minor blood group antigens and their phenotype among voluntary blood donors in Ethiopian blood and tissue bank service in Addis Ababa.
 Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 among 260 volunteer blood donors to determine minor blood group antigens and their phenotype at EBTBS, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tests were performed using Galileo Neo Immucor, which is fully automated Immunohematology analyzer.
 Result: A total of 260 blood donors were screened of which 153 (59%) were males. The antigen frequencies of minor blood group systems were: Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S, s were 33.5%, 43.5%, 97.7%, 40.4%, 100%, 45%, 90%, respectively. Regarding phenotype distribution, the most common phenotypes were: Duffy Fy (a-b+) 36.9%, MNS S-s+ 55% and Kidd Jk (a+b-) 59.6%.
 Conclusion: This study highlights the frequencies of Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), k, S and s blood group antigens and their phenotypes in volunteer blood donors at EBTBS, Addis Ababa. For the management of alloimmunization cases in transfused patients, knowledge of these minor blood group antigens is relevant.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Infertility is a growing social problem, and health literacy is one of the factors that affects infertility, thereby affecting life quality. On the other hand, lifestyle factors exert a considerable impact on reproductive capacity and general health. Against this backdrop, this study aims to determine health literacy, general health, and lifestyle in infertile people in Zahedan, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 86 male and 181 female participants who referred to Molod Infertility center (AliIbnAbiTalib Hospital) in Zahedan were randomly selected. Health Literacy Standard Questionnaires (HELIA), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Miller-Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory (LSI) were used to collect data. In addition, data were analyzed by SPSS V.22.
Results: The participants' mean age was 30.87±7.5. Besides, 39% and 70% of the participations did not have enough health literacy and had a moderate lifestyle, respectively. In addition, the general health of 68.9% was exposed to damage. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the three aforementioned factors, with the participants of higher levels of health literacy having had higher levels of general health and lifestyle.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the infertile people's health literacy was not enough, and most of them had a moderate lifestyle. In addition, their general health was exposed to damage in most cases. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to providing proper education and health services to infertile men and women to improve their level of health literacy and healthy fertility in order to support childbearing in the society.
{"title":"Health Literacy, General Health, and Lifestyle among Infertile Men and Women in the Southeastern Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Govahi Kakhki, Fatemeh Pakdaman, Nasimeh Khaleghi, Maryam Seraji","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infertility is a growing social problem, and health literacy is one of the factors that affects infertility, thereby affecting life quality. On the other hand, lifestyle factors exert a considerable impact on reproductive capacity and general health. Against this backdrop, this study aims to determine health literacy, general health, and lifestyle in infertile people in Zahedan, Iran.
 Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 86 male and 181 female participants who referred to Molod Infertility center (AliIbnAbiTalib Hospital) in Zahedan were randomly selected. Health Literacy Standard Questionnaires (HELIA), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Miller-Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory (LSI) were used to collect data. In addition, data were analyzed by SPSS V.22.
 Results: The participants' mean age was 30.87±7.5. Besides, 39% and 70% of the participations did not have enough health literacy and had a moderate lifestyle, respectively. In addition, the general health of 68.9% was exposed to damage. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the three aforementioned factors, with the participants of higher levels of health literacy having had higher levels of general health and lifestyle.
 Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the infertile people's health literacy was not enough, and most of them had a moderate lifestyle. In addition, their general health was exposed to damage in most cases. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to providing proper education and health services to infertile men and women to improve their level of health literacy and healthy fertility in order to support childbearing in the society.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Marcel Gm Olde Rikkert, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Bob Mash, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, Eric J Rubin, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
{"title":"Reducing the Risks of Nuclear War- The Role of Health Professionals.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Marcel Gm Olde Rikkert, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Bob Mash, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, Eric J Rubin, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.1","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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