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Are We Missing Hypothyroidism among Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia? 镰状细胞性贫血患儿中是否存在甲状腺功能减退症?
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.6
S O Akodu, A F Adekanmbi, T A Ogunlesi, M B Fetuga

Background: Children with sickle cell anaemia have been reported to have potential risk of hypothyroidism from chronic blood transfusions and probable thyroid tissue ischaemia. However, few studies on hypothyroidism status of children with sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria are available. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism among children with sickle cell anaemia.

Methods: A cross sectional study that assayed the thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 71 children with sickle cell anaemia was conducted at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu. Using age appropriate hormonal reference values, the subjects were classified into subclinical, primary and secondary hypothyroidism.

Results: The mean serum TSH, Free T3, and Free T4 were comparable irrespective of age category (p > 0.05). No subject was identified to have low TSH value while 7.0% had high TSH value. Low free T3 was identified in 1.4% and 8.5% had high free T3 values. Low free T3 and free T4 were seen in 11.3% each of the subjects. The overall prevalence of primary, secondary and subclinical hypothyroidism was 0%, 0% and 4.2%, respectively.

Conclusion: Sub-clinical hypothyroidism does occur in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia. Routine screening for hypothyroidism is advocated in all children with sickle cell anaemia.

背景:据报道,镰状细胞性贫血患儿因长期输血和甲状腺组织可能缺血而有甲状腺功能减退的潜在风险。然而,关于尼日利亚镰状细胞性贫血患儿甲状腺功能减退状况的研究却寥寥无几。本研究旨在确定镰状细胞贫血儿童中甲状腺功能减退症的发病率:这项横断面研究在奥拉比西-奥纳班霍大学萨加穆教学医院(Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu)进行,对 71 名镰状细胞贫血患儿的甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素(TSH)进行了检测。根据与年龄相适应的激素参考值,受试者被分为亚临床、原发性和继发性甲状腺功能减退症:结果:无论年龄大小,受试者的平均血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离 T3 和游离 T4 都相当(P > 0.05)。没有人发现 TSH 值偏低,而 7.0% 的人 TSH 值偏高。1.4%的受试者游离 T3 值偏低,8.5%的受试者游离 T3 值偏高。游离 T3 和游离 T4 值偏低的受试者各占 11.3%。原发性、继发性和亚临床甲减的总发病率分别为 0%、0% 和 4.2%:结论:尼日利亚镰状细胞贫血患儿中确实存在亚临床甲状腺功能减退症。建议对所有镰状细胞贫血患儿进行甲减常规筛查。
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引用次数: 0
Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Service Availability at Primary Health Care Units During COVID-19 Outbreak in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚 COVID-19 爆发期间基层医疗机构提供的传染病和非传染病诊断与治疗服务。
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.3S
Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Netsanet Abera Asseffa, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Binyam Tilahun, Dessies Abebaw Angaw, Meskerem Jisso, Alemu Tamiso, Akalewold Alemayehu, Rekiku Fikre, Biru Abdisa, Habtamu Sime, Elias Ali Yesuf, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a substantial global health challenge, resulting in an annual death toll of over 15 million individuals aged 30 to 69. Ethiopia, categorized as COVID-19 vulnerable, grapples with NCD treatment challenges. This study aims to assess disease service availability at primary health units in Ethiopia during the pandemic.

Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2021 across regions, encompassing 452 facilities: 92 health centers, 16 primary hospitals, 344 health posts, and 43 districts. Facility selection, based on consultation with regional health bureaus, included high, medium, and low performing establishments. The study employed the WHO tool for COVID-19 capacity assessment and evaluated services for various diseases using descriptive analysis.

Results: Results reveal service disruptions in the past year: hospitals (55.6%), health centers (21.7%), districts (30.2%), and health posts (17.4%). Main reasons were equipment shortages (42%), lack of skilled personnel (24%), and insufficient infection prevention supplies (18.8%). While tuberculosis treatment was fully available in 23% of health posts and malaria services in 65.7%, some health centers lacked HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular, mental health, and cervical cancer services. Most communicable and non-communicable disease diagnoses and treatments were fully accessible at primary hospitals, except for cervical cancer (56.3%) and mental health (62.5%) services.

Conclusion: Significant gaps exist in expected services at primary health units. Improving disease care accessibility necessitates strengthening the supply chain, resource management, capacity building, and monitoring systems.

背景:非传染性疾病 (NCD) 对全球健康构成了巨大挑战,每年导致超过 1500 万 30 至 69 岁的人死亡。被列为 COVID-19 脆弱国家的埃塞俄比亚正努力应对非传染性疾病治疗方面的挑战。本研究旨在评估大流行期间埃塞俄比亚初级医疗单位的疾病服务可用性:方法:2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间,在各地区开展了一项以医疗机构为基础的横断面研究,涵盖 452 家医疗机构:92 个保健中心、16 个初级医院、344 个保健站和 43 个地区。在与地区卫生局协商的基础上,选择了高、中、低绩效的机构。研究采用了世界卫生组织的 COVID-19 能力评估工具,并通过描述性分析对各种疾病的服务进行了评估:结果显示,在过去一年中,医院(55.6%)、保健中心(21.7%)、地区(30.2%)和保健站(17.4%)的服务中断。主要原因是设备短缺(42%)、缺乏熟练人员(24%)和预防感染用品不足(18.8%)。虽然 23% 的保健站可以提供结核病治疗,65.7% 的保健站可以提供疟疾服务,但一些保健中心缺乏艾滋病毒/艾滋病、心血管疾病、精神健康和宫颈癌服务。除了宫颈癌(56.3%)和精神健康(62.5%)服务外,大多数传染病和非传染病的诊断和治疗在基层医院都能完全提供:结论:基层医疗机构在预期服务方面存在巨大差距。要提高疾病治疗的可及性,就必须加强供应链、资源管理、能力建设和监测系统。
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引用次数: 0
Essential Health Services Delivery Status During COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: A National Mixed-Methods Survey of Primary Healthcare Units. 埃塞俄比亚 COVID-19 大流行期间基本医疗服务的提供状况:全国初级医疗保健单位混合方法调查》。
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.2S
Elias Ali Yesuf, Biru Abdisa, Habtamu Sime, Enku Kifle Alemu, Netsanet Abera Asseffa, Meskerem Jisso, Alemu Tamiso, Akalewold Alemayehu, Rekiku Fikre, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessies Abebaw Angaw, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Binyam Tilahun, Tajebew Zayede Gonete

Background: Essential health services are a package of services critical to improve health outcomes. COVID-19 pandemic disrupts essential health services. However, the level of essential health service disruption due to COVID-19 in Ethiopia is not clear. This study aimed at measuring the status of delivery of essential health services in Ethiopia during COVID-19.

Methods: A national mixed-methods cross-sectional survey was conducted. It was undertaken in Amhara (10 districts), Oromia (eight districts), Sidama (six districts), Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (16 districts), and Dire Dawa City Administration. A total of 452 health facilities were surveyed. Data were collected using face-to-face interview. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically.

Results: The woredas (districts) and health facilities which adopted essential health services before the COVID-19 pandemic were 81.4% and 51.2%, respectively. Nearly all health centers provided antenatal care services. Blood pressure measuring apparatus and delivery set were available in all health centers. However, only 50% of health centers had radiant warmer. Malnutrition services were provided by 47% of rural health centers. Moreover, a functional incinerator was available in only 41% of health centers. The provision of cardiovascular disease management was at 27.2%. Furthermore, HIV/AIDS treatment was provided by 43.5% of health facilities.

Conclusion: The adoption of lists of essential health services was optimal. The status of delivery of essential health services was high for maternal healthcare. Neonatal care at birth, malnutrition treatment, and cardiovascular disease management were low. The district health system should strive more to maintain essential health services.

背景:基本医疗服务是对改善健康结果至关重要的一揽子服务。COVID-19 大流行扰乱了基本医疗服务。然而,COVID-19 在埃塞俄比亚造成的基本医疗服务中断程度尚不清楚。本研究旨在衡量 COVID-19 期间埃塞俄比亚基本医疗服务的提供情况:方法:开展了一项全国性混合方法横断面调查。调查在阿姆哈拉(10 个区)、奥罗莫(8 个区)、锡达玛(6 个区)、南部各族人民区(16 个区)和迪雷达瓦市政府进行。共调查了 452 家医疗机构。采用面对面访谈的方式收集数据。对数据进行了描述性分析。对定性数据进行了专题分析:在 COVID-19 大流行之前采用基本医疗服务的县(区)和医疗机构分别占 81.4%和 51.2%。几乎所有医疗中心都提供产前护理服务。所有保健中心都配备了血压测量仪和分娩设备。不过,只有 50%的保健中心有辐射取暖器。47% 的农村保健中心提供营养不良服务。此外,只有 41%的保健中心配备了实用的焚化炉。提供心血管疾病治疗的占 27.2%。此外,43.5%的医疗机构提供艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗:结论:采用基本医疗服务清单的情况最佳。结论:基本医疗服务清单的采用情况良好。新生儿出生护理、营养不良治疗和心血管疾病管理水平较低。地区卫生系统应更加努力地维持基本医疗服务。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers Towards Obstetric Care Service Utilization in Ethiopia: An Explorative Qualitative Study. 埃塞俄比亚利用产科护理服务的障碍:一项探索性定性研究。
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.4S
Alemu Tamiso, Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera, Akalewold Alemayehu, Anteneh Gadisa, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Habtamu Sime Gizaw, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Elias Ali Yesuf, Binyam Tilahun, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessie Abebew Angaw, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Rekiku Fikre

Background: Obstetric care has been at the center of both global and national agendas. More than 50% of pregnant mothers are still preferring to give birth at home with some even after having full antenatal care. However, a few literatures looked at contributing factors for this problem but they are not conclusive and do not consider different sociocultural context of Ethiopia and different health service related barriers. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore barriers to obstetric care service utilization in Ethiopia using the socio-ecological model.

Methods: Explorative qualitative study was employed involving key-informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions between October and December 2021; Individual, community, health system, and contextual barriers were explored. Atlas ti. Version 9 was used for analysis.

Result: Lack of awareness, unfavorable perception, lack of partner involvement, cultural barrier, shortage of supplies, poor infrastructure, provider-related factors, poor monitoring, and evaluation system, challenging topography, and conflict were the major barriers that hinder mothers from receiving obstetrics service in Ethiopia.

Conclusion: Lack of awareness, unfavorable perception, conflict, problems with health system structure and process, and cultural and geographical conditions were major barriers in Ethiopia. Therefore, packages of intervention is important to avail essential equipment, strengthening follow up system, create awareness, and increase access to health facilities is very important for service improvement by the government and non-governmental organizations. Additionally, implementing conflict resolution mechanism is important for addressing better obstetric service.

背景:产科护理一直是全球和国家议程的中心。50%以上的孕妇仍倾向于在家分娩,有些甚至在接受了全面的产前护理后仍选择在家分娩。然而,一些文献对造成这一问题的因素进行了研究,但并没有得出结论,也没有考虑埃塞俄比亚不同的社会文化背景和与医疗服务相关的不同障碍。因此,本研究旨在利用社会生态模式探讨埃塞俄比亚产科护理服务利用的障碍:方法:采用探索性定性研究,在 2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间进行了主要信息提供者访谈、深度访谈和焦点小组讨论;探讨了个人、社区、医疗系统和环境障碍。使用 Atlas ti.版本 9 进行分析:结果:缺乏认识、不利看法、缺乏合作伙伴参与、文化障碍、供应短缺、基础设施薄弱、与提供者有关的因素、监测和评估系统不完善、地形复杂以及冲突是阻碍埃塞俄比亚母亲接受产科服务的主要障碍:结论:缺乏认识、不利的观念、冲突、卫生系统的结构和程序问题以及文化和地理条件是埃塞俄比亚的主要障碍。因此,政府和非政府组织必须采取一揽子干预措施,提供必要的设备,加强跟踪系统,提高人们的认识,增加使用医疗设施的机会,以改善服务。此外,实施冲突解决机制对于提供更好的产科服务也很重要。
{"title":"Barriers Towards Obstetric Care Service Utilization in Ethiopia: An Explorative Qualitative Study.","authors":"Alemu Tamiso, Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera, Akalewold Alemayehu, Anteneh Gadisa, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Habtamu Sime Gizaw, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Elias Ali Yesuf, Binyam Tilahun, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessie Abebew Angaw, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Rekiku Fikre","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.4S","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.4S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstetric care has been at the center of both global and national agendas. More than 50% of pregnant mothers are still preferring to give birth at home with some even after having full antenatal care. However, a few literatures looked at contributing factors for this problem but they are not conclusive and do not consider different sociocultural context of Ethiopia and different health service related barriers. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore barriers to obstetric care service utilization in Ethiopia using the socio-ecological model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Explorative qualitative study was employed involving key-informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions between October and December 2021; Individual, community, health system, and contextual barriers were explored. Atlas ti. Version 9 was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Lack of awareness, unfavorable perception, lack of partner involvement, cultural barrier, shortage of supplies, poor infrastructure, provider-related factors, poor monitoring, and evaluation system, challenging topography, and conflict were the major barriers that hinder mothers from receiving obstetrics service in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lack of awareness, unfavorable perception, conflict, problems with health system structure and process, and cultural and geographical conditions were major barriers in Ethiopia. Therefore, packages of intervention is important to avail essential equipment, strengthening follow up system, create awareness, and increase access to health facilities is very important for service improvement by the government and non-governmental organizations. Additionally, implementing conflict resolution mechanism is important for addressing better obstetric service.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Infection Prevention Preparedness, Practices and Case Management in the Primary Health Care Units in Ethiopia. COVID-19 埃塞俄比亚初级卫生保健单位的感染预防准备、做法和病例管理。
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.6S
Habtamu Sime Gizaw, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Muluemebet Abera, Mohammed Mecha, Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera, Akalewold Alemayehu, Anteneh Gadisa, Rekiku Fikre, Binyam Tilahun, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessie Abebew Angaw, Alemu Tamiso, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Elias Ali Yesuf

Background: COVID-19 as pandemic declared by WHO on March 11, 2020 and first case detected in Ethiopia on March 13/2020. The COVID-19 caused a global crisis, including millions of lives lost, public health systems in shock and economic and social disruption. Strategies depend on how an existing health system is organized. Even though public health emergency operation centers of the Ethiopia switched to emergency response, there is no national evidence about infection prevention and control. Therefore, this project aimed to assess the level of infection prevention and control and management of COVID- 19 in Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted at four regions and one city (Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Sidama Region, and Dire Dawa). Being with zonal health departments and woredas health offices, primary health care units were selected. The data were collected electronically through Kobocollect software from November 08-28/2021. Descriptive analysis like frequency and percentage was conducted by SPSS software version 25 and the results were presented by tables, figures and narration.

Results: Data were collected from 16 hospitals, 92 health centers, and 344 health posts. All hospitals have designated COVID-19 focal person. There were significant number of woredas and PHCUs who didn't have IPC guidelines and protocols. About 11 woredas had no any type of diagnostic tests for COVID-19.

Conclusions: The study revealed that there were significant gaps on Infection prevention and control practice, shortage of personal protective equipment, isolation and specimen transportation problem, lack of call centers. We recommend concerned bodies to fill the identified gaps.

背景:世卫组织于 2020 年 3 月 11 日宣布 COVID-19 为大流行病,并于 2020 年 3 月 13 日在埃塞俄比亚发现首例病例。COVID-19 引发了一场全球性危机,包括数百万人丧生,公共卫生系统受到冲击,经济和社会受到破坏。战略取决于现有卫生系统的组织方式。尽管埃塞俄比亚的公共卫生应急行动中心已转为应急响应,但仍没有关于感染预防和控制的全国性证据。因此,本项目旨在评估 2021 年埃塞俄比亚的感染预防和控制水平以及 COVID- 19 的管理情况:在四个地区和一个城市(阿姆哈拉、奥罗莫、南方各族州、西达马地区和德雷达瓦)开展横断面研究。研究选取了地区卫生部门和县卫生局、初级卫生保健单位。数据于 2021 年 11 月 8 日至 28 日通过 Kobocollect 软件以电子方式收集。使用 SPSS 软件 25 版进行了频率和百分比等描述性分析,结果以表格、数字和叙述的形式呈现:从 16 家医院、92 个保健中心和 344 个保健站收集了数据。所有医院都指定了 COVID-19 协调人。有相当多的县和初级保健单位没有制定 IPC 指南和协议。约有 11 个县没有对 COVID-19 进行任何类型的诊断检测:研究显示,在感染预防和控制实践、个人防护设备短缺、隔离和标本运输问题、缺乏呼叫中心等方面存在重大差距。我们建议相关机构填补这些空白。
{"title":"COVID-19 Infection Prevention Preparedness, Practices and Case Management in the Primary Health Care Units in Ethiopia.","authors":"Habtamu Sime Gizaw, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Muluemebet Abera, Mohammed Mecha, Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera, Akalewold Alemayehu, Anteneh Gadisa, Rekiku Fikre, Binyam Tilahun, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessie Abebew Angaw, Alemu Tamiso, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Elias Ali Yesuf","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.6S","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.6S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 as pandemic declared by WHO on March 11, 2020 and first case detected in Ethiopia on March 13/2020. The COVID-19 caused a global crisis, including millions of lives lost, public health systems in shock and economic and social disruption. Strategies depend on how an existing health system is organized. Even though public health emergency operation centers of the Ethiopia switched to emergency response, there is no national evidence about infection prevention and control. Therefore, this project aimed to assess the level of infection prevention and control and management of COVID- 19 in Ethiopia, 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study conducted at four regions and one city (Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Sidama Region, and Dire Dawa). Being with zonal health departments and woredas health offices, primary health care units were selected. The data were collected electronically through Kobocollect software from November 08-28/2021. Descriptive analysis like frequency and percentage was conducted by SPSS software version 25 and the results were presented by tables, figures and narration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 16 hospitals, 92 health centers, and 344 health posts. All hospitals have designated COVID-19 focal person. There were significant number of woredas and PHCUs who didn't have IPC guidelines and protocols. About 11 woredas had no any type of diagnostic tests for COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed that there were significant gaps on Infection prevention and control practice, shortage of personal protective equipment, isolation and specimen transportation problem, lack of call centers. We recommend concerned bodies to fill the identified gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monitoring Essential Health Services During COVID-19 Among Public Primary Healthcare Units in Ethiopia: Existing Capacities and Capacity Gaps. 在 COVID-19 期间监测埃塞俄比亚公立初级保健单位的基本保健服务:现有能力和能力差距。
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.1S
Kassu Ketema Gurmu
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引用次数: 0
Barriers to Family Planning Service Utilization in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study. 埃塞俄比亚计划生育服务利用障碍:定性研究。
IF 1.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.8S
Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera Assefa, Akalewold Alemayehu, Anteneh Gadisa, Rekiku Fikre, Abdurezak Umer, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Habtamu Sime Gizaw, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Elias Ali Yesuf, Binyamm Tilahun, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessie Abebew Angaw, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Alemu Tamiso

Background: The unmet need for family planning (FP) is a major impediment to achieving the sustainable development goal The COVID-19 pandemic and other contextual, individual, and hospital-related problems are major barriers that reduce FP service uptake. However, most of the studies are quantitative and give due focus to individual and community-level barriers. Therefore, this study tends to explore barriers to the utilization of FP in Ethiopia including health care and contextual barriers.

Methods: A multiple explorative case study design was employed from October to December 2021 and a total of 41 Key-informant interviews, 32 in-depth interviews, and 13 focus group discussions were performed by using the purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed with a thematic content analysis approach using NVivo software.

Result: This study explored barriers to FP in four major teams; individual, community-related, health system, and contextual barriers. It reviled that the community's misconception, fear of side effects, lack of women's decision-making autonomy, existing socio-cultural norms, religious conditions, topography, covid 19 pandemic, and conflict were the major barriers to FP service utilization.

Conclusion: Using the four teams mentioned above, this study identified different poor health professional skills, misconceptions, pandemics, functional, and structurally related barriers. As a result, it is recommended that health education for the community and training for health professionals are important. Collaboration between government and non-government organizations is also mandatory for strengthening mentorship and supervision systems and establishing resilient health care that can avoid future pandemics.

背景:未满足的计划生育(FP)需求是实现可持续发展目标的主要障碍。 COVID-19 大流行以及其他与环境、个人和医院相关的问题是降低计划生育服务吸收率的主要障碍。然而,大多数研究都是定量研究,并适当关注个人和社区层面的障碍。因此,本研究倾向于探讨埃塞俄比亚使用 FP 的障碍,包括医疗保健和环境障碍:2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间,采用多重探索性案例研究设计,通过有目的的抽样技术,共进行了 41 次关键信息提供者访谈、32 次深入访谈和 13 次焦点小组讨论。使用 NVivo 软件对数据进行了主题内容分析:本研究从四个主要方面探讨了计划生育的障碍:个人障碍、社区障碍、卫生系统障碍和环境障碍。研究结果表明,社区的误解、对副作用的恐惧、妇女缺乏决策自主权、现有的社会文化规范、宗教条件、地形、科维德 19 大流行病和冲突是利用 FP 服务的主要障碍:通过上述四个小组,本研究发现了不同的卫生专业技能差、误解、流行病、功能性和结构性障碍。因此,建议对社区进行健康教育,并对卫生专业人员进行培训。政府和非政府组织之间的合作对于加强指导和监督系统以及建立可避免未来大流行病的弹性医疗保健也很重要。
{"title":"Barriers to Family Planning Service Utilization in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera Assefa, Akalewold Alemayehu, Anteneh Gadisa, Rekiku Fikre, Abdurezak Umer, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Habtamu Sime Gizaw, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Elias Ali Yesuf, Binyamm Tilahun, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Dessie Abebew Angaw, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Alemu Tamiso","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.8S","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.8S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The unmet need for family planning (FP) is a major impediment to achieving the sustainable development goal The COVID-19 pandemic and other contextual, individual, and hospital-related problems are major barriers that reduce FP service uptake. However, most of the studies are quantitative and give due focus to individual and community-level barriers. Therefore, this study tends to explore barriers to the utilization of FP in Ethiopia including health care and contextual barriers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multiple explorative case study design was employed from October to December 2021 and a total of 41 Key-informant interviews, 32 in-depth interviews, and 13 focus group discussions were performed by using the purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed with a thematic content analysis approach using NVivo software.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This study explored barriers to FP in four major teams; individual, community-related, health system, and contextual barriers. It reviled that the community's misconception, fear of side effects, lack of women's decision-making autonomy, existing socio-cultural norms, religious conditions, topography, covid 19 pandemic, and conflict were the major barriers to FP service utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the four teams mentioned above, this study identified different poor health professional skills, misconceptions, pandemics, functional, and structurally related barriers. As a result, it is recommended that health education for the community and training for health professionals are important. Collaboration between government and non-government organizations is also mandatory for strengthening mentorship and supervision systems and establishing resilient health care that can avoid future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Availability of Maternal, Newborn care and Child Health Services at Primary Health Care Unit during COVID-19 Outbreak in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚 COVID-19 爆发期间基层医疗保健单位提供孕产妇、新生儿护理和儿童保健服务的情况。
IF 1.5 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.5S
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera, Akalewold Alemayehu, Rekiku Fikre, Biru Abdissa, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Kassahun Dessie, Alemu Tamiso, Habtamu Sime, Elias Ali Yesuf, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Binyam Tilahun

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is putting a pressure on global health systems. The disruption of essential health services (EHS) has an impact on the health of mothers, neonate and children in developing countries. Therefore, the main aim of this study was assessing the availability of Maternal, Newborn care and Child health (MNCHS) services at primary health care unit during COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five regions of Ethiopia in 2021. Descriptive analyses were undertaken using STATA 16 software and the results presented using tables and different graphs. A continuity of EHS assessment tool adopted from WHO was used for data collection.

Result: During COVID -19 pandemic, 30 (69.8%) of woreda health offices, 52 (56.5%) of health centers (HCs), 7 (44.4%) of hospitals, and 165 (48%) of health posts (HPs) had a defined list of EHS. In comparison with other EHS, family planning is the least available service in all regions. At HPs level care for sick children and antenatal care (ANC) were available at 59.1 and 58.82% respectively. Except immunization services at SNNP, all other maternal, newborn, and child health EHS were not available to all HPs at full scale.

Conclusion: Immunization services were most available, while ANC and care for sick children were least available during COVID-19 at the HPs level. There was regional variation in MNCH EHS service availability at all levels.

背景:COVID-19 大流行给全球卫生系统带来了压力。基本医疗服务(EHS)的中断对发展中国家母亲、新生儿和儿童的健康造成了影响。因此,本研究的主要目的是评估在 COVID-19 爆发期间初级卫生保健单位提供的孕产妇、新生儿护理和儿童保健(MNCHS)服务:方法:2021 年在埃塞俄比亚的五个地区进行了横断面调查。使用 STATA 16 软件进行了描述性分析,并使用表格和不同图表展示了分析结果。数据收集采用了世界卫生组织的连续性 EHS 评估工具:结果:在 COVID -19 大流行期间,30 个县(69.8%)的卫生局、52 个卫生中心(56.5%)、7 个医院(44.4%)和 165 个卫生站(48%)有明确的 EHS 清单。与其他保健服务相比,计划生育是所有地区提供最少的服务。在保健站一级,生病儿童护理和产前护理(ANC)的提供率分别为 59.1%和 58.82%。除南方各族州(SNNP)的免疫接种服务外,所有其他孕产妇、新生儿和儿童保健 EHS 均未向所有保健中心全面提供:结论:在 COVID-19 期间,在保健中心一级,免疫接种服务最多,而产前检查和患病儿童护理最少。各地区在各级提供的母婴保健和儿童保健服务存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Availability of Tracer Drugs and Basic Diagnostics at Public Primary Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia During COVID-19 Pandemic. 评估 COVID-19 大流行期间埃塞俄比亚公共初级卫生保健设施中示踪药物和基本诊断方法的可用性。
IF 1.5 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.7S
Abdurezak Umer, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Binyam Tilahun, Meskerem Jisso, Alemu Tamiso, Netsanet Abera Assesfa, Akalewold Alemayehu, Rekiku Fikre, Biru Abdissa Mizana, Kassahun Dessie, Habtamu Sime, Muluemebet Abera, Mohammed Mecha, Elias Ali Yesuf, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Mesfin Kebede

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the supply chain and stock of medicines and drugs across the globe. Tracer drugs are essential medicines that address the population's priority health problems. Thus, this study aimed to assess availability of tracer drugs and basic diagnostics at public primary health care facilities in Ethiopia.

Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was employed in four regions and one city administration. The primary health care units (PHCUs) were purposively selected in consultation with respective regional health bureaus. Finally, 16 hospitals, 92 health centers and 344 health posts were included. This study adopted WHO's tool that was being used to rapidly assess the capacity of health facilities to maintain the provision of essential health services during the COVID-19. Descriptive analysis was done using frequency and percentage, and results were presented.

Results: The overall mean availability of tracer drugs in PHCUs was 77.6%. Only 2.8% of PHCUs have all tracer drugs. The mean availability of basic diagnostic at national level was 86.6% in PHUs except health posts where it was less. Health facilities with all basic diagnostic services was 53.7%. Of the total 344 health posts assessed, 71% were providing diagnostic testing for malaria using either laboratory equipment or rapid diagnostic test (RDT) while 43% provide urine test for the pregnancy.

Conclusion: This study shows availability of all tracer drugs in PHCUs in Ethiopia was extremely low. There was regional variation in availability of tracer drugs and basic diagnostics. It is very crucial to increase availability of tracer drugs and diagnostics. Drugs and diagnostic materials should be supplied according to the capacity and location of health facilities.

背景:COVID-19 大流行的出现扰乱了全球药品和药物的供应链和库存。示踪药物是解决人口首要健康问题的基本药物。因此,本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚公共初级卫生保健设施中示踪药物和基本诊断方法的可用性:方法:在四个地区和一个城市行政区开展了以医疗机构为基础的横断面研究。经与各地区卫生局协商,有目的地选择了初级卫生保健单位(PHCU)。最后包括 16 家医院、92 个保健中心和 344 个保健站。本研究采用了世界卫生组织在 COVID-19 期间用于快速评估医疗机构维持提供基本医疗服务能力的工具。研究使用频率和百分比进行了描述性分析,并给出了结果:结果:初级保健单位示踪药物的总体平均供应率为 77.6%。只有 2.8% 的初级保健单位拥有所有示踪药物。在全国范围内,除卫生站外,初级保健单位基本诊断的平均提供率为 86.6%。拥有所有基本诊断服务的医疗机构占 53.7%。在接受评估的 344 个卫生站中,71% 使用实验室设备或快速诊断检测(RDT)提供疟疾诊断检测,43% 提供妊娠尿检:这项研究表明,埃塞俄比亚初级保健单位所有示踪药物的供应量极低。示踪药物和基本诊断方法的供应存在地区差异。增加示踪药物和诊断方法的供应非常重要。应根据医疗设施的能力和位置供应药物和诊断材料。
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引用次数: 0
Colistin Susceptibility Testing by Colistin Broth Disk Elution MIC Method among Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Blood Culture Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Setting, East Delhi, India 用粘菌素肉汤圆盘洗脱MIC法对印度东德里三级医疗机构耐碳青霉烯革兰氏阴性血培养临床分离株进行粘菌素敏感性检测
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i5.4
Kirti Nirmal, Narendra Pal Singh, Krishna Sarkar, Nisha Goyal, Seema Gangar, Aditya Nath Dwivedi
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for bloodstream infections (BSIs), especially with the emergence of multidrug- resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we aimed to assess the pattern of colistin susceptibility using the colistin broth disc elution (CBDE) method among carbapenem-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates from blood cultures in a high burden tertiary healthcare setting in East Delhi. Methods: A total of 106 carbapenem-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates were tested. The most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, and Klebsiella oxytoca by CBDE method. Results: All the carbapenem resistant gram- negative bacterial blood culture isolates showed intermediate colistin susceptibility. This was statistically significant by chi-square test (p<0.5). Conclusion: This study highlights the need to monitor colistin resistance trends in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Accurate surveillance of emerging colistin resistance is crucial for effective management of BSIs caused by carbapenem- resistant gram-negative bacteria.
背景:抗生素耐药性是血流感染(bsi)日益关注的问题,特别是随着多重耐药(MDR)革兰氏阴性菌的出现。在这项研究中,我们的目的是利用粘菌素肉汤盘洗脱法(CBDE)评估从东德里高负担三级医疗机构血液培养的碳青霉烯耐药革兰氏阴性临床分离株的粘菌素敏感性模式。方法:对106株耐碳青霉烯革兰氏阴性临床分离株进行检测。CBDE法最常见的分离株为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌和产氧克雷伯菌。 结果:所有耐碳青霉烯革兰氏阴性菌血培养株均表现为中等粘菌素敏感性。经卡方检验,具有统计学意义(p<0.5)。 结论:本研究强调了在抗生素耐药性不断增加的情况下监测粘菌素耐药趋势的必要性。准确监测新出现的粘菌素耐药性对于有效管理由耐碳青霉烯类革兰氏阴性菌引起的脑损伤至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
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