Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.31487/j.ejgm.2023.01.01
J. Alzeer, Hamid Benmerabet
The advancement of human progress hinges on the ability to identify limitations and develop innovative solutions, particularly in the field of healthcare. While modern medicine has made significant strides in treating various illnesses, it often fails to address the root causes of diseases, impeding the recovery process for many patients. To overcome this challenge, healthcare professionals require a more comprehensive and integrative approach to healthcare that combines rational and logical thinking. Rationality offers a systematic and evidence-based method for understanding and treating diseases, providing healthcare professionals with a strong foundation for developing treatment plans. However, rational thinking has limitations in terms of our observational abilities, which can lead to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatments. On the other hand, logical thinking provides a more creative and flexible approach to problem-solving, which is particularly useful in addressing complex and multifaceted health issues. This approach enables healthcare professionals to think outside the box, consider alternative solutions, and tailor treatment plans to individual needs. By combining rational and logical viewpoints, healthcare providers can enhance their comprehension of a patient's condition, resulting in more favourable treatment results. Halalopathy, which employs a merged thought process, has been introduced to tackle the challenges and limitations of modern medicine. Halalopathy is a holistic healthcare approach that integrates rational and logical thinking, providing a more comprehensive understanding of illness prevention and disease at a physicopsychological level.
{"title":"Recognizing Limitations: Overcoming Challenges in Enhancing Health and Preventing Disease","authors":"J. Alzeer, Hamid Benmerabet","doi":"10.31487/j.ejgm.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ejgm.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of human progress hinges on the ability to identify limitations and develop innovative solutions, particularly in the field of healthcare. While modern medicine has made significant strides in treating various illnesses, it often fails to address the root causes of diseases, impeding the recovery process for many patients. To overcome this challenge, healthcare professionals require a more comprehensive and integrative approach to healthcare that combines rational and logical thinking. Rationality offers a systematic and evidence-based method for understanding and treating diseases, providing healthcare professionals with a strong foundation for developing treatment plans. However, rational thinking has limitations in terms of our observational abilities, which can lead to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatments. On the other hand, logical thinking provides a more creative and flexible approach to problem-solving, which is particularly useful in addressing complex and multifaceted health issues. This approach enables healthcare professionals to think outside the box, consider alternative solutions, and tailor treatment plans to individual needs. By combining rational and logical viewpoints, healthcare providers can enhance their comprehension of a patient's condition, resulting in more favourable treatment results. Halalopathy, which employs a merged thought process, has been introduced to tackle the challenges and limitations of modern medicine. Halalopathy is a holistic healthcare approach that integrates rational and logical thinking, providing a more comprehensive understanding of illness prevention and disease at a physicopsychological level.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90650568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-10DOI: 10.31487/j.ejgm.2019.01.01
S. Serdyuk, V. Gmiro
Background: Earlier, we discovered the possibility of potentiation of the therapeutic effects of small (threshold) doses of CNS agents by phenylephrine and adrenaline, while eliminating their side effects. However, the question of the possibility of potentiation by phenylephrine and other CNS potentiators of high therapeutic doses of CNS agents remained unstudied. This study is devoted to the research of this problem. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the threshold dose of phenylephrine on the antidepressant effect of amitriptyline and the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam, as well as their side sedation in high doses. Method: The experiments were carried out on the animated models of depression (Porsolt test) and epilepsy (clonic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures), resistant to antidepressants and antiepileptics even at high therapeutic doses. Side sedative effect of substances was evaluated in the "open field" test. Results: We established that the stimulation of gastric vagal afferents with phenylephrine, when administered orally at threshold doses, potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam and the antidepressant effect of amitriptyline in high therapeutic doses to the maximum level that is impossible in their application by themselves, and at the same time eliminates their side sedation. Conclusion: A synergistic effect of phenylephrine and CNS drugs on the peripheral and central links of the vagal stress-protective reflex is discussed. It is assumed that the potentiation of therapeutic effect by phenylephrine and the elimination of side effects of the CNS agents occurs as a result of strengthening the vagal stress-protective reflex, eliminating the drug stress.
{"title":"Stimulation of Vagus By Phenylephrine Increases the Efficiency and Safety of Antidepressants and Anti-Epileptics","authors":"S. Serdyuk, V. Gmiro","doi":"10.31487/j.ejgm.2019.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ejgm.2019.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Earlier, we discovered the possibility of potentiation of the therapeutic effects of small (threshold) doses of CNS agents by phenylephrine and adrenaline, while eliminating their side effects. However, the question of the possibility of potentiation by phenylephrine and other CNS potentiators of high therapeutic doses of CNS agents remained unstudied. This study is devoted to the research of this problem.\u0000Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the threshold dose of phenylephrine on the antidepressant effect of amitriptyline and the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam, as well as their side sedation in high doses.\u0000Method: The experiments were carried out on the animated models of depression (Porsolt test) and epilepsy (clonic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures), resistant to antidepressants and antiepileptics even at high therapeutic doses. Side sedative effect of substances was evaluated in the \"open field\" test.\u0000Results: We established that the stimulation of gastric vagal afferents with phenylephrine, when administered orally at threshold doses, potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam and the antidepressant effect of amitriptyline in high therapeutic doses to the maximum level that is impossible in their application by themselves, and at the same time eliminates their side sedation.\u0000Conclusion: A synergistic effect of phenylephrine and CNS drugs on the peripheral and central links of the vagal stress-protective reflex is discussed. It is assumed that the potentiation of therapeutic effect by phenylephrine and the elimination of side effects of the CNS agents occurs as a result of strengthening the vagal stress-protective reflex, eliminating the drug stress.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90624075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-21DOI: 10.31487/j.ejgm.2019.01.02
Nasser Al-Rubai’aan, R. Dhar, W. Alfouzan
We report a rapidly fatal case of 29-year-old man who presented with typical features of sepsis along with thyrotoxicosis. Presence of thrombotic lesions in his lower extremities led to the assumption that the source of infection could be endocarditis. However, transthoracic echocardiography did not confirm the preliminary diagnosis. Report of facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli seen in the Gram stain of positive blood culture prompted initiation of treatment with ceftriaxone, vancomycin and metronidazole. Thyrotoxicosis was managed with propranolol, propylthiouracil, Lugol’s iodine and hydrocortisone. Diagnostic criteria for thyroid storm and infective endocarditis and therapy of Lactobacillus sepsis with a possible cause of death in the present case are discussed.
{"title":"A Rapidly Fatal Case of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Sepsis Associated with Thyroid Storm in an Immunocompetent Patient","authors":"Nasser Al-Rubai’aan, R. Dhar, W. Alfouzan","doi":"10.31487/j.ejgm.2019.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ejgm.2019.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"We report a rapidly fatal case of 29-year-old man who presented with typical features of sepsis along with thyrotoxicosis. Presence of thrombotic lesions in his lower extremities led to the assumption that the source of infection could be endocarditis. However, transthoracic echocardiography did not confirm the preliminary diagnosis. Report of facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli seen in the Gram stain of positive blood culture prompted initiation of treatment with ceftriaxone, vancomycin and metronidazole. Thyrotoxicosis was managed with propranolol, propylthiouracil, Lugol’s iodine and hydrocortisone. Diagnostic criteria for thyroid storm and infective endocarditis and therapy of Lactobacillus sepsis with a possible cause of death in the present case are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86245790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.31487/J.EJGM.2018.01.001
S. I. Essa
{"title":"The Value of Longitudinal Strain versus Coronary Angiography in Detection of Coronary Artery Disease","authors":"S. I. Essa","doi":"10.31487/J.EJGM.2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.EJGM.2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75260388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Özdemir, Zehra Özdemir, O. Sunamak, Ferdi Cambaztepe
Background:Acute appendicitis is the most frequently performed emergent operation. Although the clinical signs, symptoms and physical examination are the mainstay of diagnosis, imaging and biochemical tests also help. We analyzed the reliability of our operation decision and the contribution of biochemical tests and imaging to diagnosis in the light of pathological results.Material and Methods:The files of 361 patients (199male and 162 female) who underwent appendectomy were analyzed retrospectively in terms of age, sex, physical examination, blood tests, imaging and pathological results.Results:The mean age of the patients was found 31±13.5. Pathology revealed normal appendix in 20.1% of the cases. The patients with a leukocytosis or more were found an increased possibility of acute appendicitis. Physical examination was still the mainstay in diagnosis and ultrasound had a low sensitivity.Conclusion:Physical examination is still mainstay in acute appendicitis diagnosis. Leukocytosis of 11x103/ml or more increases the possibility of acute appendicitis.
{"title":"Which one in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: Physical examination, laboratory or imaging? A retrospective analysis in the light of pathological results","authors":"H. Özdemir, Zehra Özdemir, O. Sunamak, Ferdi Cambaztepe","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/81764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81764","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Acute appendicitis is the most frequently performed emergent operation. Although the clinical signs, symptoms and physical examination are the mainstay of diagnosis, imaging and biochemical tests also help. We analyzed the reliability of our operation decision and the contribution of biochemical tests and imaging to diagnosis in the light of pathological results.Material and Methods:The files of 361 patients (199male and 162 female) who underwent appendectomy were analyzed retrospectively in terms of age, sex, physical examination, blood tests, imaging and pathological results.Results:The mean age of the patients was found 31±13.5. Pathology revealed normal appendix in 20.1% of the cases. The patients with a leukocytosis or more were found an increased possibility of acute appendicitis. Physical examination was still the mainstay in diagnosis and ultrasound had a low sensitivity.Conclusion:Physical examination is still mainstay in acute appendicitis diagnosis. Leukocytosis of 11x103/ml or more increases the possibility of acute appendicitis.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76328457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stem Cells Therapy in General Medicine","authors":"A. Gaipov, Askhat Myngbay","doi":"10.29333/EJGM/83014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/EJGM/83014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83735941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study investigated the association of sleep duration and muscle mass in non-elderly adults. Methods: The present study analyzed young (19-39 years) and middle-aged (40-59 years) men and women who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Muscle mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. A self-reported questionnaire was used for assessing sleep duration, which was categorized into ≤ 6, 7, 8, and ≥ 9 h per day. Results: Participants with low muscle mass were more prevalent in the longer sleep group, among men and women. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, in which participants were classified into a young and middle-aged group, height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass was inversely related to sleep duration, regardless of sex. After adjusting for covariates, the probability of low muscle mass was increased in longer sleepers, and sleep duration and low muscle mass showed a positive dose-dependent correlation in men and women. Conclusion: In young and middle-aged adults, longer sleep duration may be related to decreased muscle mass, in both sexes.
{"title":"Effect of sleep duration on muscle mass in Korean non-elderly adults","authors":"J. Moon, M. Kong, Y. Oh, H. Kim","doi":"10.29333/EJGM/81763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/EJGM/81763","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:\u0000This study investigated the association of sleep duration and muscle mass in non-elderly adults.\u0000\u0000Methods:\u0000The present study analyzed young (19-39 years) and middle-aged (40-59 years) men and women who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Muscle mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. A self-reported questionnaire was used for assessing sleep duration, which was categorized into ≤ 6, 7, 8, and ≥ 9 h per day.\u0000\u0000Results:\u0000Participants with low muscle mass were more prevalent in the longer sleep group, among men and women. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, in which participants were classified into a young and middle-aged group, height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass was inversely related to sleep duration, regardless of sex. After adjusting for covariates, the probability of low muscle mass was increased in longer sleepers, and sleep duration and low muscle mass showed a positive dose-dependent correlation in men and women.\u0000\u0000Conclusion:\u0000In young and middle-aged adults, longer sleep duration may be related to decreased muscle mass, in both sexes.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82817255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Özbek, H. Katlandur, B. Arık, A. Kuzgun, M. Yıldız, A. Keser, H. Özdil
Objective:Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery, and it remains a challenge for cardiac surgeons despite advances in medicine. A number of studies have been performed to examine various parameters to predict which patients will develop POAF. The present study was performed to investigate the roles of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as predictors of POAF.Methods:The medical records of 350 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in one or more vessels at the Tertiary Cardiac Center, Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Mevlana (Rumi) University Private Hospital (Konya, Turkey), were screened between December 2011 and May 2015. The study population consisted of 149 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and undergoing a preoperative evaluation by computed chest tomography. All patient demographics and laboratory parameters were obtained from medical records.Results:Age, postoperative RDW, and tomography variables, including the left atrial (LA) volume, LA diameters, and EAT volume, were significantly higher while the hemoglobin level and hematocrit were significantly lower in patients developing atrial fibrillation after cardiopulmonary bypass. A logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed on age, postoperative RDW, and tomography variables, including LA volume, LA diameters and EAT volume. Only age (OR 1.0731, 95% CI 1.012–1.138; p = 0.018) was an independent predictor of the development of POAF.Conclusions:Although the EAT volume was high in patients developing atrial fibrillation after surgery, age was the only significant predictor of POAF on multivariate analysis. Additional studies regarding the predictive roles of epicardial fat and RDW in POAF are needed.
目的:术后心房颤动(POAF)是心脏手术后常见的并发症，尽管医学进步，但仍是心脏外科医生面临的挑战。已经进行了许多研究，以检查各种参数来预测哪些患者将发展为POAF。本研究旨在探讨心外膜脂肪组织(EAT)体积和红细胞分布宽度(RDW)作为POAF预测因子的作用。方法:筛选2011年12月至2015年5月在土耳其科尼亚梅乌拉那(鲁米)大学私立医院心血管外科三级心脏中心行单支或多支冠状动脉搭桥术的350例患者的病历。研究人群包括149例符合纳入标准的患者，并通过胸部计算机断层扫描进行术前评估。所有患者人口统计数据和实验室参数均来自医疗记录。结果:体外循环术后发生心房颤动患者的年龄、术后RDW、左房容积、左房直径和EAT容积等影像学变量均显著增高，而血红蛋白水平和红细胞压积显著降低。对年龄、术后RDW和断层扫描变量(包括LA容积、LA直径和EAT容积)进行logistic多元回归分析。仅年龄(OR 1.0731, 95% CI 1.012-1.138;p = 0.018)是POAF发展的独立预测因子。结论:尽管术后发生房颤的患者的EAT体积较高，但在多变量分析中，年龄是POAF的唯一显著预测因素。需要进一步研究心外膜脂肪和RDW在POAF中的预测作用。
{"title":"Role of red blood cell distribution width and epicardial fat in atrial fibrillation after cardiopulmonary bypass","authors":"K. Özbek, H. Katlandur, B. Arık, A. Kuzgun, M. Yıldız, A. Keser, H. Özdil","doi":"10.29333/EJGM/81804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/EJGM/81804","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery, and it remains a challenge for cardiac surgeons despite advances in medicine. A number of studies have been performed to examine various parameters to predict which patients will develop POAF. The present study was performed to investigate the roles of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as predictors of POAF.Methods:The medical records of 350 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in one or more vessels at the Tertiary Cardiac Center, Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Mevlana (Rumi) University Private Hospital (Konya, Turkey), were screened between December 2011 and May 2015. The study population consisted of 149 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and undergoing a preoperative evaluation by computed chest tomography. All patient demographics and laboratory parameters were obtained from medical records.Results:Age, postoperative RDW, and tomography variables, including the left atrial (LA) volume, LA diameters, and EAT volume, were significantly higher while the hemoglobin level and hematocrit were significantly lower in patients developing atrial fibrillation after cardiopulmonary bypass. A logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed on age, postoperative RDW, and tomography variables, including LA volume, LA diameters and EAT volume. Only age (OR 1.0731, 95% CI 1.012–1.138; p = 0.018) was an independent predictor of the development of POAF.Conclusions:Although the EAT volume was high in patients developing atrial fibrillation after surgery, age was the only significant predictor of POAF on multivariate analysis. Additional studies regarding the predictive roles of epicardial fat and RDW in POAF are needed.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81196461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Jahagirdar, M. Davane, Shrey C. Aradye, B. Nagoba
The frequency of nosocomial fungal infections is being increased because of the advent of newer diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Among various fungal pathogens, Candida spp. are the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, especially among critically ill hospitalized patients. The frequency of non-ablicans spp. of Candida (NAC) causing nosocomial infections is increasing. The Candida infections are usually endogenous, however, the exogenous infections may also occur. The important predisposing factors leading to nosocomial candidiasis include treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppression, malignancy, surgical intervention, diabetes and prolonged hospitalization. Virulence factors like adherence to biotic and abiotic substances and production of hydrolytic enzymes play important role. Also the biofilm forming ability makes it more noxious. Nosocomial Candida infections are difficult to diagnose clinically and refractory to therapy. Therefore, rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is very important to provide appropriate antifungal treatment. This review is structured to know the key factors responsible for emergence of Candida spp. as important nosocomial pathogens. The available data suggests that the nosocomial infections caused by Candida spp. should be dealt through awareness and constant vigilance.
{"title":"Candida species as potential nosocomial pathogens – A review","authors":"V. Jahagirdar, M. Davane, Shrey C. Aradye, B. Nagoba","doi":"10.29333/EJGM/82346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/EJGM/82346","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency of nosocomial fungal infections is being increased because of the advent of newer diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Among various fungal pathogens, Candida spp. are the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, especially among critically ill hospitalized patients. The frequency of non-ablicans spp. of Candida (NAC) causing nosocomial infections is increasing. The Candida infections are usually endogenous, however, the exogenous infections may also occur. The important predisposing factors leading to nosocomial candidiasis include treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppression, malignancy, surgical intervention, diabetes and prolonged hospitalization. Virulence factors like adherence to biotic and abiotic substances and production of hydrolytic enzymes play important role. Also the biofilm forming ability makes it more noxious. Nosocomial Candida infections are difficult to diagnose clinically and refractory to therapy. Therefore, rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is very important to provide appropriate antifungal treatment. This review is structured to know the key factors responsible for emergence of Candida spp. as important nosocomial pathogens. The available data suggests that the nosocomial infections caused by Candida spp. should be dealt through awareness and constant vigilance.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82454700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lower lung field tuberculosis (LLF TB) is atypical presentation of tuberculosis. LLF TB is missed routinely because of confusing clinical and radiological presentation and usually these cases initially treated as pneumonia. In this case report, we observed 25 year pregnant female with dysphonia and cough as presenting feature of LLF TB. Chest radiograph was showing ‘typical’ LLF TB pattern with Cavity in lower zone on right side. Sputum examination for acid fast bacilli was positive in higher grades with ‘laryngeal ulcerative lesions’ in direct laryngoscopy examination. She was treated with recommended four drug regimen and documented ‘cure’ at the end of six months. High index of suspicion is must while evaluating these cases and all possible measures to diagnose underlying tuberculosis to have successful treatment outcome.
{"title":"Laryngeal & Lower lung field tuberculosis in pregnancy: A case report","authors":"Patil Shital, M. Mirza","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/82343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/82343","url":null,"abstract":"Lower lung field tuberculosis (LLF TB) is atypical presentation of tuberculosis. LLF TB is missed routinely because of confusing clinical and radiological presentation and usually these cases initially treated as pneumonia. In this case report, we observed 25 year pregnant female with dysphonia and cough as presenting feature of LLF TB. Chest radiograph was showing ‘typical’ LLF TB pattern with Cavity in lower zone on right side. Sputum examination for acid fast bacilli was positive in higher grades with ‘laryngeal ulcerative lesions’ in direct laryngoscopy examination. She was treated with recommended four drug regimen and documented ‘cure’ at the end of six months. High index of suspicion is must while evaluating these cases and all possible measures to diagnose underlying tuberculosis to have successful treatment outcome.","PeriodicalId":12017,"journal":{"name":"European journal of general medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79362483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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