Bovine brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease causing significant economical loses in dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2017 and July 2018 to estimate the seroprevalence and its associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in Hawassa town, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from cross-bred and local indigenous dairy cattle of above six months of age. One stage cluster sampling technique was used to get the sample of interest. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used as a screening, while serum samples testing positive to RBPT were subjected for complement fixation test (CFT) to confirm. Consequently, RBPT detected 18 of the 370 samples positive for brucellosis exposure. The positive sera when further retested using CFT, 10 out of the 18 RBPT positive sera were confirmed to be positive. The individual animal level prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area was 2.7% and the herd-level prevalence was 25.8%. Higher prevalence was observed in larger herd sizes than the small and medium herds (p<0.05). Likewise, parity number greater than six had more positive animals (p<0.05) than the corresponding group with lower parity number. Multivariable logistic regression anlysis revealed that herd sizes (OR: 9.13, 95% CI: 1.87-28.65, p<0.05), number of parity (OR: 11.6: 95% CI: 1.54-36.08, p<0.05), absence of separate parturition pen (OR: 7.9, 95% CI: 1.63- 38.4, p<0.05) and stages of abortion (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.89-31.36, P<0.05) were identified as the potential risk factors of bovine brucellosis . The results of this study showed that bovine brucellosis is not highly spread in dairy herds of Hawassa town. Therefore, in order to control spread of bovine brucellosis practicing better management is recommended. Keywords : Bovine brucellosis ; Dairy farms; Hawassa town; intensive; Risk factor
{"title":"Bovine brucellosis: Seroprevalence and its potential risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"A. Abera, Yosef Denek, T. Tolosa","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease causing significant economical loses in dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2017 and July 2018 to estimate the seroprevalence and its associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in Hawassa town, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from cross-bred and local indigenous dairy cattle of above six months of age. One stage cluster sampling technique was used to get the sample of interest. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used as a screening, while serum samples testing positive to RBPT were subjected for complement fixation test (CFT) to confirm. Consequently, RBPT detected 18 of the 370 samples positive for brucellosis exposure. The positive sera when further retested using CFT, 10 out of the 18 RBPT positive sera were confirmed to be positive. The individual animal level prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area was 2.7% and the herd-level prevalence was 25.8%. Higher prevalence was observed in larger herd sizes than the small and medium herds (p<0.05). Likewise, parity number greater than six had more positive animals (p<0.05) than the corresponding group with lower parity number. Multivariable logistic regression anlysis revealed that herd sizes (OR: 9.13, 95% CI: 1.87-28.65, p<0.05), number of parity (OR: 11.6: 95% CI: 1.54-36.08, p<0.05), absence of separate parturition pen (OR: 7.9, 95% CI: 1.63- 38.4, p<0.05) and stages of abortion (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.89-31.36, P<0.05) were identified as the potential risk factors of bovine brucellosis . The results of this study showed that bovine brucellosis is not highly spread in dairy herds of Hawassa town. Therefore, in order to control spread of bovine brucellosis practicing better management is recommended. Keywords : Bovine brucellosis ; Dairy farms; Hawassa town; intensive; Risk factor","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81999581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2013 to February 2014 to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and identify species of trypanosomes infecting cattle. Besides, attempt was made to assess the knowledge and practice of the livestock owners in Assosa district of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 310 blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured and samples were examined for the presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique. In this study bovine trypanosomes were detected in 22.9% of the blood samples. The most common trypanosome species identified were T. congolense 13.2% (41/310) followed by T. brucei 3.2% (10/310), T. vivax 2.9% (9/310), mixed infections of T. vivax and T. congolense 1.6% (5/310), T. congolense and T. brucei 1.29% (4/310) and T. brucei and T. vivax 0.64 (2/310). There were no statistically significant prevalence differences (p > 0.05) between sexes, ages category and management systems. However, prevalence difference was noted between poor and good body condition categories (p < 0.05). Animals with poor body condition were found 2.11 times more likely of getting trypanosome infection (OR=2.11, 95% CI, p=0.027) than animals in good body condition. The mean PCV values recorded were 23.3% in parasitaemic and 25.1% in aparasitaemic animals with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). A questionnaire survey was conducted for the assessment of knowledge of farmers on control and prevention of bovine trypanosomosis provided important information on farmer’s knowledge of bovine trypanosomosis and practices in control and prevention measures. In this study few livestock owners know the vector (tsetse) association with the disease. In conclusion, this study confirmed that trypanosomes are still a threat to cattle in the study area. Therefore, it is recommended that an integrated prevention and control program have to be designed and implemented to minimize their impacts on livestock production. Keywords : Assosa; Cattle; Knowledge assessment; Trypanosomosis; Practices, Prevalence
{"title":"Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and assessment of knowledge and practices of livestock owners in the control of Trypanosomosis in Assosa District of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Fantahun Miteku, Wagari Tafese, T. Fentie","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2013 to February 2014 to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and identify species of trypanosomes infecting cattle. Besides, attempt was made to assess the knowledge and practice of the livestock owners in Assosa district of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 310 blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured and samples were examined for the presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique. In this study bovine trypanosomes were detected in 22.9% of the blood samples. The most common trypanosome species identified were T. congolense 13.2% (41/310) followed by T. brucei 3.2% (10/310), T. vivax 2.9% (9/310), mixed infections of T. vivax and T. congolense 1.6% (5/310), T. congolense and T. brucei 1.29% (4/310) and T. brucei and T. vivax 0.64 (2/310). There were no statistically significant prevalence differences (p > 0.05) between sexes, ages category and management systems. However, prevalence difference was noted between poor and good body condition categories (p < 0.05). Animals with poor body condition were found 2.11 times more likely of getting trypanosome infection (OR=2.11, 95% CI, p=0.027) than animals in good body condition. The mean PCV values recorded were 23.3% in parasitaemic and 25.1% in aparasitaemic animals with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). A questionnaire survey was conducted for the assessment of knowledge of farmers on control and prevention of bovine trypanosomosis provided important information on farmer’s knowledge of bovine trypanosomosis and practices in control and prevention measures. In this study few livestock owners know the vector (tsetse) association with the disease. In conclusion, this study confirmed that trypanosomes are still a threat to cattle in the study area. Therefore, it is recommended that an integrated prevention and control program have to be designed and implemented to minimize their impacts on livestock production. Keywords : Assosa; Cattle; Knowledge assessment; Trypanosomosis; Practices, Prevalence","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85748243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. K. Kathambi, G. Gitau, G. Muchemi, J. Leeuwen, S. Kairu-Wanyoike
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a worldwide disease of cattle caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and clinically characterised by occurrence of multiple lympho-sarcomas. In Kenya, cases of bovine lympho-sarcomas have been reported but limited information available on prevalence and distribution of BLV infection in the country. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the seroprevalence of BLV infection in Kenya and how the seroprevalence is affected by different livestock farming systems. In 2016, 1383 bovine serum samples were randomly collected from 14 counties which were purposively selected to represent 3 livestock farming systems in the country. The sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against BLV using the IDEXX anti–BLV indirect ELISA test. An overall seroprevalence of 7.6% (95% CI: 6.3% - 9.1%) BLV infection was estimated. A multivariable mixed logistic regression model, with county as a random variable controlling for clustering, identified age and farming system as significant risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity. Zero-grazing (0.6%), ranching (4.4%) and pastoral systems (18.3%) differed in seroprevalence. Cattle under 1 year of age had a prevalence of 6.4%, while cattle over 1 year of age had a prevalence of 7.9%. BLV infection was present across the three farming systems but in only five of the fourteen counties assessed. This information contributes to designing effort on control programs of BLV infection in Kenya. Further research should be carried out to determine the frequency of clinical cases of EBL and the impact on the livestock industry in Kenya. Keywords: Bovine Leukemia Virus; Cattle, Seroprevalence; Kenya
{"title":"Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus infection in contrasting farming systems in Kenya","authors":"E. K. Kathambi, G. Gitau, G. Muchemi, J. Leeuwen, S. Kairu-Wanyoike","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a worldwide disease of cattle caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and clinically characterised by occurrence of multiple lympho-sarcomas. In Kenya, cases of bovine lympho-sarcomas have been reported but limited information available on prevalence and distribution of BLV infection in the country. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the seroprevalence of BLV infection in Kenya and how the seroprevalence is affected by different livestock farming systems. In 2016, 1383 bovine serum samples were randomly collected from 14 counties which were purposively selected to represent 3 livestock farming systems in the country. The sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against BLV using the IDEXX anti–BLV indirect ELISA test. An overall seroprevalence of 7.6% (95% CI: 6.3% - 9.1%) BLV infection was estimated. A multivariable mixed logistic regression model, with county as a random variable controlling for clustering, identified age and farming system as significant risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity. Zero-grazing (0.6%), ranching (4.4%) and pastoral systems (18.3%) differed in seroprevalence. Cattle under 1 year of age had a prevalence of 6.4%, while cattle over 1 year of age had a prevalence of 7.9%. BLV infection was present across the three farming systems but in only five of the fourteen counties assessed. This information contributes to designing effort on control programs of BLV infection in Kenya. Further research should be carried out to determine the frequency of clinical cases of EBL and the impact on the livestock industry in Kenya. Keywords: Bovine Leukemia Virus; Cattle, Seroprevalence; Kenya","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76123172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mekuria Mandefro, B. Tilahun, Yehualashet Bayu, T. Zeryehun
Hydatidosis is a major parasitic disease condition responsible for low productivity of livestock industry in Ethiopia due to imposing poor weight gains and condemnation of organs. This study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in Adama municipal abattoir to estimate the prevalence, organ distribution of the cyst, and economic importance of bovine hydatidosis. Routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization were conducted. Out of 400 cattle slaughtered at Adama municipal abattoir, 210 (52.5%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts. The infection prevalence was higher in lung 105(26.2%) than the rest of the organs examined. In the present study, explanatory variables (sex, age, breed, body condition and origin) were found to have statistically significant (p<0.05) association with the prevalence of hydatidosis. Of the total of 970 hydatid cysts counted, 529/731(72.4%) small, 89/100(89%) medium, 42/45(93.3%) large and 20/94(21.3%) calcified cysts were detected in lung. Liver harbored 194/731(26.5%) small, 11/100(11%) medium, 3/45(6.7%) large and 74/94(78.7%) calcified cysts. Out of 208 cysts subjected for fertility and viability testing 120(57.7%), 74(35.6%), 40(54%) 34(46%) and 14(6.7%) were sterile, fertile, viable, non-viable and calcified cysts, respectively. The financial loss due to organ condemnation annually and during the study period was estimated to be 894,505.612 ETB and 17,844.90 ETB, respectively. The prevalence of hydatidosis in such a high proportion implies that the disease is economically important in the study area. Therefore, there should be strict control of hydatidosis by focusing on backyard slaughter practice, unsafe offal feeding of dogs, and proper west disposal. Moreover, awareness creation on its zoonotic importance, route of transmission and the growing stray dog population need to be given special attention.Keywords: Abattoir; Adama; Cattle; E. granulosus; hydatidosis
{"title":"Prevalence of bovine hydatidosis and its economic importance in Adama Municipal Abattoir, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Mekuria Mandefro, B. Tilahun, Yehualashet Bayu, T. Zeryehun","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatidosis is a major parasitic disease condition responsible for low productivity of livestock industry in Ethiopia due to imposing poor weight gains and condemnation of organs. This study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in Adama municipal abattoir to estimate the prevalence, organ distribution of the cyst, and economic importance of bovine hydatidosis. Routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization were conducted. Out of 400 cattle slaughtered at Adama municipal abattoir, 210 (52.5%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts. The infection prevalence was higher in lung 105(26.2%) than the rest of the organs examined. In the present study, explanatory variables (sex, age, breed, body condition and origin) were found to have statistically significant (p<0.05) association with the prevalence of hydatidosis. Of the total of 970 hydatid cysts counted, 529/731(72.4%) small, 89/100(89%) medium, 42/45(93.3%) large and 20/94(21.3%) calcified cysts were detected in lung. Liver harbored 194/731(26.5%) small, 11/100(11%) medium, 3/45(6.7%) large and 74/94(78.7%) calcified cysts. Out of 208 cysts subjected for fertility and viability testing 120(57.7%), 74(35.6%), 40(54%) 34(46%) and 14(6.7%) were sterile, fertile, viable, non-viable and calcified cysts, respectively. The financial loss due to organ condemnation annually and during the study period was estimated to be 894,505.612 ETB and 17,844.90 ETB, respectively. The prevalence of hydatidosis in such a high proportion implies that the disease is economically important in the study area. Therefore, there should be strict control of hydatidosis by focusing on backyard slaughter practice, unsafe offal feeding of dogs, and proper west disposal. Moreover, awareness creation on its zoonotic importance, route of transmission and the growing stray dog population need to be given special attention.Keywords: Abattoir; Adama; Cattle; E. granulosus; hydatidosis","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89886001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most cattle used for beef production in Ethiopia are Zebu breeds. Usually released for beef when they are aged for plowing and in poor body condition. However, there is little available information on carcass yield and percentage earned from these cattle. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the carcass yield and the percentage of cattle released for beef after used in draught power. This study used 280 heads of male indigenous draught cattle released for beef. Each cattle were randomly measured for carcass and noncarcass components. Body weight was recorded as animals arrived. Hot carcasses were weighed and cold carcasses were estimated at 0.98 of the hot carcass weight. Dressing proportions were calculated from the ratio of hot carcass weight to slaughter weight. Descriptive statistics for carcass yield, edible and offal components were analyzed by SPSS. The average slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing and shrinkage percentage recorded in this study was 247.93+5.27, 90.98+ 2.11, 36.98+0.94 and 0.74+0.02, respectively. The amount of total deboned lean meat was 60.38kg (24.35% of the slaughter body weight). The price of live animals and the amount of carcass and other edible parts attained from it, is not worthy of comparison and there was a loss of 402.66+ 0.29 Birr per each cattle. Therefore, draught cattle released for beef after draught power should be fattened either by farmers or beef farm to recover their body weight loss due to agricultural work load.
{"title":"Carcass characteristics of draught cattle released for beef in Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"E. K. Senbeta, Ashenafi Getachew Megersa","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Most cattle used for beef production in Ethiopia are Zebu breeds. Usually released for beef when they are aged for plowing and in poor body condition. However, there is little available information on carcass yield and percentage earned from these cattle. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the carcass yield and the percentage of cattle released for beef after used in draught power. This study used 280 heads of male indigenous draught cattle released for beef. Each cattle were randomly measured for carcass and noncarcass components. Body weight was recorded as animals arrived. Hot carcasses were weighed and cold carcasses were estimated at 0.98 of the hot carcass weight. Dressing proportions were calculated from the ratio of hot carcass weight to slaughter weight. Descriptive statistics for carcass yield, edible and offal components were analyzed by SPSS. The average slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing and shrinkage percentage recorded in this study was 247.93+5.27, 90.98+ 2.11, 36.98+0.94 and 0.74+0.02, respectively. The amount of total deboned lean meat was 60.38kg (24.35% of the slaughter body weight). The price of live animals and the amount of carcass and other edible parts attained from it, is not worthy of comparison and there was a loss of 402.66+ 0.29 Birr per each cattle. Therefore, draught cattle released for beef after draught power should be fattened either by farmers or beef farm to recover their body weight loss due to agricultural work load.","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88616729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Terefe, Tsegay Tkue Gebrewahd, Niraj Kumar, H. Kiros
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in Minjar Shenkora district, Amhara region, to assess marketing, customer preference and health management of chickens kept in intensive and in free production systems. Eight out of twenty nine Kebeles were purposively selected based on their poultry production potential and level if intensification. Data was collected from randomly selected 250 poultry producers by interview using structured and semi-structured questionnaire survey, group focused discussion and observation. The production systems were, intensive (36%) and free range (64%), and 66.6% of the producers were rearing chickens for income generation. Chickens in the present study were, cross breed (48.4%), and local breed (51.6%). This study indicated that, 93.6% of the poultry producers complained that, Newcastle Castle Disease (24%), Fowl pox (40%), Gumboro (20%), Coccidiosis (8) and others (8%) as the major poultry diseases in the study area. It was revealed that, 94.4% of the poultry producers have lack of market for their products due to fasting periods and customers preference. Age, sex, color, breed and other traits of the chickens were identified as the major customers’ selection criteria. Therefore, designing disease control strategies, creating market linkage and rearing of chickens with desirable traits is very important to develop the poultry sector and improve the livelihood of the poultry producers in the study district. Keywords: Chickens; Customer preference; Free range; Intensive; Marketing; Minjar Shenkora district
{"title":"Assessment of marketing systems, customer preference and health management of chickens in free range and intensive poultry production systems in Minjar Shenkora District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"B. Terefe, Tsegay Tkue Gebrewahd, Niraj Kumar, H. Kiros","doi":"10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in Minjar Shenkora district, Amhara region, to assess marketing, customer preference and health management of chickens kept in intensive and in free production systems. Eight out of twenty nine Kebeles were purposively selected based on their poultry production potential and level if intensification. Data was collected from randomly selected 250 poultry producers by interview using structured and semi-structured questionnaire survey, group focused discussion and observation. The production systems were, intensive (36%) and free range (64%), and 66.6% of the producers were rearing chickens for income generation. Chickens in the present study were, cross breed (48.4%), and local breed (51.6%). This study indicated that, 93.6% of the poultry producers complained that, Newcastle Castle Disease (24%), Fowl pox (40%), Gumboro (20%), Coccidiosis (8) and others (8%) as the major poultry diseases in the study area. It was revealed that, 94.4% of the poultry producers have lack of market for their products due to fasting periods and customers preference. Age, sex, color, breed and other traits of the chickens were identified as the major customers’ selection criteria. Therefore, designing disease control strategies, creating market linkage and rearing of chickens with desirable traits is very important to develop the poultry sector and improve the livelihood of the poultry producers in the study district. Keywords: Chickens; Customer preference; Free range; Intensive; Marketing; Minjar Shenkora district","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hadgu, Habtamu Taddele, Atkilt Girma, Haftu Abrha, Haftom Hagos
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2016 in Semi-arid areas of Raya Azebo District with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of ixodid ticks and assessing the difference in infestation among the different host risk factors such as age, sex and body condition scores. A total of 2697 adult ixodid ticks were collected from 488 Raya cattle breed selected randomly. Tick species were identified morphologically and the prevalence of the infested animals was estimated in relation to sex, age and body condition score. The study revealed that cattle in the study area were infested with atleast one or more ticks with an overall prevalence of 90% (405/448). Six tick species that belongs to the genera of Rhipicephalus (54%), subgenus Boophilus (5%), Amblyomma (3%) and Hyalomma (2.7%) were also identified. The overall prevalence of ticks on cattle with the age from 6 months to 2 years, 3-5 years and greater than 5 years was 90%, 90%, and 92% respectively. A prevalence of 91% in female and 90% in male cattle was also observed. Similarly, the prevalence of ticks was 100 %, 90.7% and 70% in poor, medium and good body conditioned animals, respectively. The high prevalence and presence of many species of ticks may damage the hide and skins of the cattle and thereby contribute to reduced income from cattle. Hence, appropriate control measures using acaricides, improved cattle management practices and community awareness creation are recommended. Keywords: Body condition; Cattle; Prevalence; Semi-arid; Tick
{"title":"Prevalence of ixodid ticks infesting Raya cattle breeds in Semi-arid areas of Raya Azebo district, northern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Hadgu, Habtamu Taddele, Atkilt Girma, Haftu Abrha, Haftom Hagos","doi":"10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2016 in Semi-arid areas of Raya Azebo District with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of ixodid ticks and assessing the difference in infestation among the different host risk factors such as age, sex and body condition scores. A total of 2697 adult ixodid ticks were collected from 488 Raya cattle breed selected randomly. Tick species were identified morphologically and the prevalence of the infested animals was estimated in relation to sex, age and body condition score. The study revealed that cattle in the study area were infested with atleast one or more ticks with an overall prevalence of 90% (405/448). Six tick species that belongs to the genera of Rhipicephalus (54%), subgenus Boophilus (5%), Amblyomma (3%) and Hyalomma (2.7%) were also identified. The overall prevalence of ticks on cattle with the age from 6 months to 2 years, 3-5 years and greater than 5 years was 90%, 90%, and 92% respectively. A prevalence of 91% in female and 90% in male cattle was also observed. Similarly, the prevalence of ticks was 100 %, 90.7% and 70% in poor, medium and good body conditioned animals, respectively. The high prevalence and presence of many species of ticks may damage the hide and skins of the cattle and thereby contribute to reduced income from cattle. Hence, appropriate control measures using acaricides, improved cattle management practices and community awareness creation are recommended. Keywords: Body condition; Cattle; Prevalence; Semi-arid; Tick","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90080521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About half of small ruminant mortality and morbidity in Ethiopian highlands is caused by endoparasites including lungworms. The updated epidemiology of these parasites in different parts of the country is important to adopt local control measures. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of small ruminant lungworms, identify associated risk factors and the species of lungworms involved in small ruminants infection in Burie district, in the northwest Ethiopia. The study involved a cross-sectional coproscopic examination of 384 small ruminants randomly selected from the district from December 2016 to March 2017. An overall prevalence of 23.4% lungworms in small ruminants was recorded. The prevalence was significantly higher in goats (36.3%) than in sheep (15.5 %) (OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.95.0; p <0.05), and in young animals (35.6%) than in adults (14.7%) (OR=3.2, 95% CI=2.0-5.2; p <0.05). Dictyocaulus filaria was relatively the most prevalent species (38.9%) in the study area followed by Muellerius capillaries (26.7%), mixed infections (17.8%) and Protostrongylus rufescens (16.5%). The study revealed a high prevalence of lungworms in Burie district that needs attention of farmers and animal health service providers. Awareness of farmers about the problem and appropriate herd health management including strategic deworming of small ruminants that make use of risk factors identified in this study is suggested. Due to its high prevalence and severe pathogenicity, Dictyocaulus filaria , should be the primary target of control in the study area. Further study on seasonality of the parasite is needed to get more accurate information that helps for designing appropriate control strategy. Keywords: Dictyocaulus filaria ; Lungworm; Muellerius capillaries ; Protostrongy lusrufescens ; Risk factor; Small ruminants
{"title":"Lungworms in small ruminants in Burie district, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Andargachew Tenaw, W. Jemberu","doi":"10.4314/evj.v22i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v22i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"About half of small ruminant mortality and morbidity in Ethiopian highlands is caused by endoparasites including lungworms. The updated epidemiology of these parasites in different parts of the country is important to adopt local control measures. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of small ruminant lungworms, identify associated risk factors and the species of lungworms involved in small ruminants infection in Burie district, in the northwest Ethiopia. The study involved a cross-sectional coproscopic examination of 384 small ruminants randomly selected from the district from December 2016 to March 2017. An overall prevalence of 23.4% lungworms in small ruminants was recorded. The prevalence was significantly higher in goats (36.3%) than in sheep (15.5 %) (OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.95.0; p <0.05), and in young animals (35.6%) than in adults (14.7%) (OR=3.2, 95% CI=2.0-5.2; p <0.05). Dictyocaulus filaria was relatively the most prevalent species (38.9%) in the study area followed by Muellerius capillaries (26.7%), mixed infections (17.8%) and Protostrongylus rufescens (16.5%). The study revealed a high prevalence of lungworms in Burie district that needs attention of farmers and animal health service providers. Awareness of farmers about the problem and appropriate herd health management including strategic deworming of small ruminants that make use of risk factors identified in this study is suggested. Due to its high prevalence and severe pathogenicity, Dictyocaulus filaria , should be the primary target of control in the study area. Further study on seasonality of the parasite is needed to get more accurate information that helps for designing appropriate control strategy. Keywords: Dictyocaulus filaria ; Lungworm; Muellerius capillaries ; Protostrongy lusrufescens ; Risk factor; Small ruminants","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73089490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gebeyehu, E. Kebede, Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes, N. Abebe, Niraj Kumar
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of coccidiosis, identifying the most known pathogenic coccidia species involved, and assessing the overall knowledge of dairy farm owners and workers on calve coccidiosis and adapted control methods in randomly selected 7 kebeles of Mekelle dairy farms. Two hundred thirty two fecal samples were randomly collected from calves belonging to seventy dairy farms and examined for the presence of oocysts of Eimeria by floatation technique using saturated salt solution. For positive samples, solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate was added to the feces containing the oocyst for sporulation and identification of the Eimeria species. The risk factors and the overall knowledge on calf coccidiosis and adapted control methods were assessed by two types of questionnaires and a prepared observational format. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis was 72.7% (169/232) and the identified Eimeria species were E. bovis and E. zuernii with the prevalence of 26.6% (45) and 11.2% (19); respectively. There was statistically significant difference ( p 0.05) with Eimeria infection. Questioner survey result of animal health experts and owners showed 33 calves were suspected to be infected with pathogenic Eimeria spp. In conclusion, the study revealed that calf coccidiosis is prevalent in dairy farms of Mekelle. Hence, appropriate disease prevention and control program need to be undertaken to reduce its impact. Keywords: Calve; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Mekelle; Prevalence; Risk factors
{"title":"Prevalence of calf coccidiosis in Mekelle, northern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Gebeyehu, E. Kebede, Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes, N. Abebe, Niraj Kumar","doi":"10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of coccidiosis, identifying the most known pathogenic coccidia species involved, and assessing the overall knowledge of dairy farm owners and workers on calve coccidiosis and adapted control methods in randomly selected 7 kebeles of Mekelle dairy farms. Two hundred thirty two fecal samples were randomly collected from calves belonging to seventy dairy farms and examined for the presence of oocysts of Eimeria by floatation technique using saturated salt solution. For positive samples, solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate was added to the feces containing the oocyst for sporulation and identification of the Eimeria species. The risk factors and the overall knowledge on calf coccidiosis and adapted control methods were assessed by two types of questionnaires and a prepared observational format. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis was 72.7% (169/232) and the identified Eimeria species were E. bovis and E. zuernii with the prevalence of 26.6% (45) and 11.2% (19); respectively. There was statistically significant difference ( p 0.05) with Eimeria infection. Questioner survey result of animal health experts and owners showed 33 calves were suspected to be infected with pathogenic Eimeria spp. In conclusion, the study revealed that calf coccidiosis is prevalent in dairy farms of Mekelle. Hence, appropriate disease prevention and control program need to be undertaken to reduce its impact. Keywords: Calve; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Mekelle; Prevalence; Risk factors","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82327651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camel is animal of great economic contribution to pastoralists and endowed with prestigious social value. Camels play significant role in the livelihood of the pastoralists and agro-pastoralists living in the fragile environments. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to compute the pooled prevalence estimate of camel trypanosomosis based on the available studies. Published articles on camel trypanosomosis were searched in PubMed, Google scholar and African journals online (AJOL). The key electronic search words were: camel, trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma evansi , and surra.The preliminary screening of the articles was based on the title and abstract. The analysis was based on 11 cross-sectional study reports, which were done between the year 2008 and 2016, and in four administrative regions of Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence estimate in a random effects meta-analysis was 9.2% (95% CI 7.1- 11.8). Enormous heterogeneity were noted among the studies (I 2 = 94.4%). In subgroup and multivariable meta-regression analyses however, only two predictors namely sample size and diagnostic techniques were found to have significant effect ( p <0.05). Accordingly, the aforementioned predictor sex explained 51.8% of the explainable proportion of the heterogeneity noted between studies. In this regard, serological and molecular based reports were noted to have higher prevalence compared to wet smear and buffy coat. On the other hand, studies with smaller sample size had less prevalence compared to large sample size. Trypanosoma evansi is the only species identified and reported in all the study reports. This analysis results underscores the need for further study that involve more sensitive diagnostic techniques to reveal the precise magnitude of the disease, and to identify the vectors in all camel rearing areas of the country. Keywords: Camel; Ethiopia; Hetrogenity; Meta-analysis; Pooled prevalence; Trypanosoma evansi
骆驼是对牧民经济贡献巨大的动物，具有很高的社会价值。骆驼对生活在脆弱环境中的牧民和农牧民的生计起着重要作用。本荟萃分析的主要目的是根据现有研究计算骆驼锥虫病的合并患病率估计。在PubMed、谷歌学者和非洲在线期刊(AJOL)上检索了有关骆驼锥虫病的已发表文章。电子检索关键词为:骆驼、锥虫病、伊瓦西锥虫和苏拉。文章的初步筛选依据是题目和摘要。该分析基于2008年至2016年间在埃塞俄比亚四个行政区域完成的11份横断面研究报告。随机效应荟萃分析的合并患病率估计为9.2% (95% CI 7.1- 11.8)。研究之间存在巨大的异质性(i2 = 94.4%)。然而，在亚组和多变量元回归分析中，只有两个预测因素，即样本量和诊断技术被发现有显著影响(p <0.05)。因此，上述预测因子的性别解释了研究间异质性可解释比例的51.8%。在这方面，血清学和分子基础的报告被注意到有更高的患病率相比，湿涂片和灰褐色的外套。另一方面，与大样本量相比，较小样本量的研究患病率较低。伊文氏锥虫是所有研究报告中唯一鉴定和报道的物种。这一分析结果强调需要进一步开展涉及更敏感的诊断技术的研究，以揭示该疾病的确切规模，并确定该国所有骆驼饲养地区的病媒。关键词:骆驼;埃塞俄比亚;Hetrogenity;荟萃分析;汇集流行;锥虫属evansi
{"title":"Meta-analysis of camel trypanosomosis in Ethiopia","authors":"D. Sheferaw","doi":"10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EVJ.V22I2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Camel is animal of great economic contribution to pastoralists and endowed with prestigious social value. Camels play significant role in the livelihood of the pastoralists and agro-pastoralists living in the fragile environments. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to compute the pooled prevalence estimate of camel trypanosomosis based on the available studies. Published articles on camel trypanosomosis were searched in PubMed, Google scholar and African journals online (AJOL). The key electronic search words were: camel, trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma evansi , and surra.The preliminary screening of the articles was based on the title and abstract. The analysis was based on 11 cross-sectional study reports, which were done between the year 2008 and 2016, and in four administrative regions of Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence estimate in a random effects meta-analysis was 9.2% (95% CI 7.1- 11.8). Enormous heterogeneity were noted among the studies (I 2 = 94.4%). In subgroup and multivariable meta-regression analyses however, only two predictors namely sample size and diagnostic techniques were found to have significant effect ( p <0.05). Accordingly, the aforementioned predictor sex explained 51.8% of the explainable proportion of the heterogeneity noted between studies. In this regard, serological and molecular based reports were noted to have higher prevalence compared to wet smear and buffy coat. On the other hand, studies with smaller sample size had less prevalence compared to large sample size. Trypanosoma evansi is the only species identified and reported in all the study reports. This analysis results underscores the need for further study that involve more sensitive diagnostic techniques to reveal the precise magnitude of the disease, and to identify the vectors in all camel rearing areas of the country. Keywords: Camel; Ethiopia; Hetrogenity; Meta-analysis; Pooled prevalence; Trypanosoma evansi","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89577173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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