This survey was conducted from December 2016 to March 2017 in Wolmera district of Oromia Region, Ethiopia to document indigenous knowledge of the community on plants used in ethno-veterinary medicine. From a total 80 respondents from eight peasant associations, 48 respondents were selected purposely by the researcher alone while the rest 32 were selected purposely by the help of local elders in the study area. Majority of respondents 63(87.27%) were male and the remained 17 (12.72%) were females. Most of the respondents 55(68.75%) were used plants to treat livestock ailment, and 50 (91%) acquired the knowledge from their parents and elders of blood relationship. Twenty- five medicinal plant species of veterinary importance classified into 22 families were documented. From identified plant families, asteraceae, euphorbiacea, solonaceae and polygonaceae were represented by 2 species each. The remaining (17 families) were represented by single plant species. Leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part (68%) and oral route (80%) was the most common route of administration, whereas concoction (60%) accounted the major form of preparation of herbal remedies. Determination of the dose is done by using different household utensils and also by using their own hand. Anthrax, black leg, ecto and endo parasites, rabies, foot and mouth disease, bloat, and colic were among the fifteen different livestock diseases or syndromes treated by traditional practitioners. Fifty-five out of 80 respondents who participated in this survey have an awareness on ethnoveterinary practice but plant parts used, dose and routes of administration were varies among the traditional practitioners. Therefore, we strongly recommended for detail scientific and pharmacological evaluations (efficacy, safety, mode of delivery and dosage) of the identified plant species in future use.Keywords: Aliments; Endogenous knowledge; Ethno veterinary; Medicinal plants
{"title":"Ethno-veterinary medicine: A potential alternative to animal health delivery in Wolmera district, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Yohans Abera, Belay Mulate","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"This survey was conducted from December 2016 to March 2017 in Wolmera district of Oromia Region, Ethiopia to document indigenous knowledge of the community on plants used in ethno-veterinary medicine. From a total 80 respondents from eight peasant associations, 48 respondents were selected purposely by the researcher alone while the rest 32 were selected purposely by the help of local elders in the study area. Majority of respondents 63(87.27%) were male and the remained 17 (12.72%) were females. Most of the respondents 55(68.75%) were used plants to treat livestock ailment, and 50 (91%) acquired the knowledge from their parents and elders of blood relationship. Twenty- five medicinal plant species of veterinary importance classified into 22 families were documented. From identified plant families, asteraceae, euphorbiacea, solonaceae and polygonaceae were represented by 2 species each. The remaining (17 families) were represented by single plant species. Leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part (68%) and oral route (80%) was the most common route of administration, whereas concoction (60%) accounted the major form of preparation of herbal remedies. Determination of the dose is done by using different household utensils and also by using their own hand. Anthrax, black leg, ecto and endo parasites, rabies, foot and mouth disease, bloat, and colic were among the fifteen different livestock diseases or syndromes treated by traditional practitioners. Fifty-five out of 80 respondents who participated in this survey have an awareness on ethnoveterinary practice but plant parts used, dose and routes of administration were varies among the traditional practitioners. Therefore, we strongly recommended for detail scientific and pharmacological evaluations (efficacy, safety, mode of delivery and dosage) of the identified plant species in future use.Keywords: Aliments; Endogenous knowledge; Ethno veterinary; Medicinal plants","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78836387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different diagnostic tests have some disadvantages in diagnosing Fasciolosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to compare the different diagnostic techniques in ruminant Fasciolosis: ELISA, biochemical analysis, liver and coprological examination. Out of the 324 cattle, 350 sheep and 385 goats slaughtered at Bishoftu, ELFORA Export Abattoir, 125 (38.5%), 4 (1.1%) and 2 (0.5%) and 108 (33%) 4 (1.1%) and 2 (0.5%) were found to be positive for lesions of fasciolosis and Fasciola eggs, respectively. The results of different diagnostic techniques in randomly selected 134 cattle, 68 sheep and 22 goats samples were compared. Out of the 134 examined cattle, 100 (75%) were found to be positive for antibodies against Fasciola specific f2 antigens followed by 54 (41%) for lesions of Fasciolosis, 40 (30%) for Fasciola eggs and 56 (42%) and 100 (75%) of the samples had an increased level of serum enzyme GGT and LDH above the normal values, respectively. The overall assessment indicates the test agreement of ELISA findings with the results of fecal examination is weak (Kappa=0.236), ELISA findings with the results of liver lesions is moderate (Kappa=0.373), liver lesions with GGT determination is moderate (Kappa=0.332) and liver lesions with level of LDH is absent (Kappa=-0.066). However, there was a strong relationship (Kappa=0.758) between fecal examination and liver lesions. In small ruminants, the prevalence of Fasciolosis was lower both in coproscopy and indirect ELISA tests: only one out of 68 sheep was positive coproscopically and 3 were positive serologically; and one out of 22 goats tested was positive both at coproscopy and serological examinations. The sensitivity of ELISA was higher compared to the oth-
{"title":"Comparative diagnostic techniques in ruminant Fasciolosis: fecal sedimentation, indirect ELISA, liver inspection and serum enzyme activities","authors":"M. Adamu, A. Wossene, G. Tilahun, A. Basu","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Different diagnostic tests have some disadvantages in diagnosing Fasciolosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to compare the different diagnostic techniques in ruminant Fasciolosis: ELISA, biochemical analysis, liver and coprological examination. Out of the 324 cattle, 350 sheep and 385 goats slaughtered at Bishoftu, ELFORA Export Abattoir, 125 (38.5%), 4 (1.1%) and 2 (0.5%) and 108 (33%) 4 (1.1%) and 2 (0.5%) were found to be positive for lesions of fasciolosis and Fasciola eggs, respectively. The results of different diagnostic techniques in randomly selected 134 cattle, 68 sheep and 22 goats samples were compared. Out of the 134 examined cattle, 100 (75%) were found to be positive for antibodies against Fasciola specific f2 antigens followed by 54 (41%) for lesions of Fasciolosis, 40 (30%) for Fasciola eggs and 56 (42%) and 100 (75%) of the samples had an increased level of serum enzyme GGT and LDH above the normal values, respectively. The overall assessment indicates the test agreement of ELISA findings with the results of fecal examination is weak (Kappa=0.236), ELISA findings with the results of liver lesions is moderate (Kappa=0.373), liver lesions with GGT determination is moderate (Kappa=0.332) and liver lesions with level of LDH is absent (Kappa=-0.066). However, there was a strong relationship (Kappa=0.758) between fecal examination and liver lesions. In small ruminants, the prevalence of Fasciolosis was lower both in coproscopy and indirect ELISA tests: only one out of 68 sheep was positive coproscopically and 3 were positive serologically; and one out of 22 goats tested was positive both at coproscopy and serological examinations. The sensitivity of ELISA was higher compared to the oth-","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90503883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis is an important disease in captive non-human primates (NHP) but remains challenging to diagnose accurately. The tuberculin skin test (TST) remains the standard test used worldwide, whereby the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIDT) in the eye-lid is the most frequently used method to diagnose TB in NHP. In this study, 9 NHP (5 baboon spp .) and 4 geladas ( T. gelada ) were tested for TB using the Primagam (whole blood immunoassay) in order to assess the feasibility of relocation into the wild. Although the results showed that all species reacted to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), the geladas showed a consistent distinct reaction pattern with very high reactivity to NTM. The results suggest that using the SIDT in Ethiopian primates, particularly the endemic geladas, would lead to a high number of false positive animals, highlighting the current challenge to accurately diagnose NHP for TB, which could help in the conservation efforts in the country. Key words : Ethiopia; TB; Non-human primate; Gelada; non-tuberculous mycobacteria
{"title":"Short communication: Important role of Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Non-Human primate TB testing in Ethiopia","authors":"R. Tschopp, L. Wassie","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is an important disease in captive non-human primates (NHP) but remains challenging to diagnose accurately. The tuberculin skin test (TST) remains the standard test used worldwide, whereby the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIDT) in the eye-lid is the most frequently used method to diagnose TB in NHP. In this study, 9 NHP (5 baboon spp .) and 4 geladas ( T. gelada ) were tested for TB using the Primagam (whole blood immunoassay) in order to assess the feasibility of relocation into the wild. Although the results showed that all species reacted to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), the geladas showed a consistent distinct reaction pattern with very high reactivity to NTM. The results suggest that using the SIDT in Ethiopian primates, particularly the endemic geladas, would lead to a high number of false positive animals, highlighting the current challenge to accurately diagnose NHP for TB, which could help in the conservation efforts in the country. Key words : Ethiopia; TB; Non-human primate; Gelada; non-tuberculous mycobacteria","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90561289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth species found in stray dogs and to assess the awareness of the community about dog parasitic zoonoses in Chagni town, northwest Ethiopia. Standard fecal and postmortem examination and questionnaire survey methods were used to collect data. A total of 202 fecal samples were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz methodology to indicate intestinal helminthes in dogs of the study area. Postmortem examination was done on 9 stray dogs to detect the presence of adult worms. Necropsy of the 9 stray dogs revealed that all of them (100%) were positive for at least one intestinal helminth parasite. The following cestodes were identified: E chinococcus granulosus, Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, Dipylidium caninum and Mesocestoides. Other intestinal worms in dogs were T oxocaracanis, Tirchurisvulpis and Ancylostoma caninum. Most helminths were recovered from the large intestine. Of the interviewed community members, 68.3% reported that tapeworms locally called “ kosso ” were zoonotic agents, followed by roundworms, locally called “ wosefat ”. Majority of the respondents reported they feed their own dogs raw condemned offal’s and human. The findings showed that there is significant infestation of intestinal helminthes among the dogs of the study area coupled with the high levels of illiteracy among community members about canine parasites and transmission. This shows that immediate action needs to be taken to decrease infection rates in dogs and to raise education levels of the community about zoonotic diseases. Keywords : Chagni; Dog; Helminthes; Intestinal parasites; Prevalence; Zoonoses
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and community awareness about zoonotic diseases in Chagni town, northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"N. Kebede","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth species found in stray dogs and to assess the awareness of the community about dog parasitic zoonoses in Chagni town, northwest Ethiopia. Standard fecal and postmortem examination and questionnaire survey methods were used to collect data. A total of 202 fecal samples were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz methodology to indicate intestinal helminthes in dogs of the study area. Postmortem examination was done on 9 stray dogs to detect the presence of adult worms. Necropsy of the 9 stray dogs revealed that all of them (100%) were positive for at least one intestinal helminth parasite. The following cestodes were identified: E chinococcus granulosus, Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, Dipylidium caninum and Mesocestoides. Other intestinal worms in dogs were T oxocaracanis, Tirchurisvulpis and Ancylostoma caninum. Most helminths were recovered from the large intestine. Of the interviewed community members, 68.3% reported that tapeworms locally called “ kosso ” were zoonotic agents, followed by roundworms, locally called “ wosefat ”. Majority of the respondents reported they feed their own dogs raw condemned offal’s and human. The findings showed that there is significant infestation of intestinal helminthes among the dogs of the study area coupled with the high levels of illiteracy among community members about canine parasites and transmission. This shows that immediate action needs to be taken to decrease infection rates in dogs and to raise education levels of the community about zoonotic diseases. Keywords : Chagni; Dog; Helminthes; Intestinal parasites; Prevalence; Zoonoses","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83840957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hiko, G. Agga, L. Bräutigam, H. Irsigler, G. Ameni, Fries Reinhard
Salmonellosis is a major cause of foodborne illnesses in humans throughout the world. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a commonly used tool for epidemiological survey and source tracking of Salmonella strains isolated from various sources. A total of 237 samples from various sources were collected at abattoir and butcheries in Ethiopia from December 2011 to April 2012. Isolates of Salmonella Kastrup (n = 3) and Salmonella Larochelle (n = 11) were characterized for antimicrobial resistance using disc diffusion and for genotypic profiles using PFGE XbaI®. Salmonella Kastrup and S. Larochelle were isolated from 1.3% and 4.6% of total samples (n = 237) examined. Except for water samples (n = 12) and truck swabs (n=11), all other sample sources were positive for one or more of S. Kastrup and S. Larochelle . Salmonella Kastrup was isolated in Ethiopia for the first time. Salmonella isolates from both Kastrup and Larochelle serotypes showed similar antimicrobial resistance profiles. Two pulsotypes consisting of the same three S. Kastrup and 10 S. Larochelle cluster and second cluster consisting of one S. Larochelle were identified at 1.5% and 1% band positions tolerance by unweighted-pair group method (UPGM) and showed ≥91% similarity. S. Kastrup and S. Larochelle isolates showed similar antimicrobial resistance profiles with indistinguishable PFGE XbaI® patterns indicating possible clonal spread of the isolates along beef processing and distribution continuum. Key words : Salmonella ; PFGE; Antimicrobial resistance; Beef; Ethiopia
{"title":"PFGE XbaI® Indistinguishable properties of Salmonella Kastrup and Salmonella Larochelle isolates at beef processing and distribution continuum","authors":"A. Hiko, G. Agga, L. Bräutigam, H. Irsigler, G. Ameni, Fries Reinhard","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis is a major cause of foodborne illnesses in humans throughout the world. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a commonly used tool for epidemiological survey and source tracking of Salmonella strains isolated from various sources. A total of 237 samples from various sources were collected at abattoir and butcheries in Ethiopia from December 2011 to April 2012. Isolates of Salmonella Kastrup (n = 3) and Salmonella Larochelle (n = 11) were characterized for antimicrobial resistance using disc diffusion and for genotypic profiles using PFGE XbaI®. Salmonella Kastrup and S. Larochelle were isolated from 1.3% and 4.6% of total samples (n = 237) examined. Except for water samples (n = 12) and truck swabs (n=11), all other sample sources were positive for one or more of S. Kastrup and S. Larochelle . Salmonella Kastrup was isolated in Ethiopia for the first time. Salmonella isolates from both Kastrup and Larochelle serotypes showed similar antimicrobial resistance profiles. Two pulsotypes consisting of the same three S. Kastrup and 10 S. Larochelle cluster and second cluster consisting of one S. Larochelle were identified at 1.5% and 1% band positions tolerance by unweighted-pair group method (UPGM) and showed ≥91% similarity. S. Kastrup and S. Larochelle isolates showed similar antimicrobial resistance profiles with indistinguishable PFGE XbaI® patterns indicating possible clonal spread of the isolates along beef processing and distribution continuum. Key words : Salmonella ; PFGE; Antimicrobial resistance; Beef; Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78721518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infestation by external parasites causes mortality, decreased productivity and financial loss in the animal exports. A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2016 to April, 2017 in and around Haramaya University, Eastern Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence, host risk factors and identify ectoparasites on small ruminants. Accordingly, a total of 384 small ruminants (190 sheep, and 194 goats) were randomly selected and examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Then, samples of ectoparasites were collected manually and put in clean universal bottles containing 70% ethanol. The samples were transported to the Haramaya University Veterinary Parasitology laboratory and identified to genus/species level under stereomicroscope. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 98% (sheep 55.8% and goats 42.2%), and the major identified ectoparasites were ticks 80 (20.8%), lice 78 (20.3%) and fleas 70 (7.8%). The genus/species of the identified ectoparasites were lice ( Damalina ovis , 12.8% and Linognathus stenopsis , 7.5%), fleas ( Ctenocephalus , 7.8), ticks ( Ambyloma variegatum , 6.8%, Boophilus decoloratus , 9.4%, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi , 2.9% and Hyalomma truncatum , 1.8%). Host risk factors such as sex, species, breed, body condition score and physiological status (pregnancy) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the overall prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants. According to this study, there was high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants of the study area. Therefore, to minimize this high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants and their impacts, appropriate and strategic control measures are paramount important. Keywords: Ectoparasites; Haramaya University; Prevalence; Risk factors; Small Ruminants
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants in and around Haramaya University, eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Adugna Abera, Tsegay Tkue Gebrewahd","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Infestation by external parasites causes mortality, decreased productivity and financial loss in the animal exports. A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2016 to April, 2017 in and around Haramaya University, Eastern Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence, host risk factors and identify ectoparasites on small ruminants. Accordingly, a total of 384 small ruminants (190 sheep, and 194 goats) were randomly selected and examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Then, samples of ectoparasites were collected manually and put in clean universal bottles containing 70% ethanol. The samples were transported to the Haramaya University Veterinary Parasitology laboratory and identified to genus/species level under stereomicroscope. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 98% (sheep 55.8% and goats 42.2%), and the major identified ectoparasites were ticks 80 (20.8%), lice 78 (20.3%) and fleas 70 (7.8%). The genus/species of the identified ectoparasites were lice ( Damalina ovis , 12.8% and Linognathus stenopsis , 7.5%), fleas ( Ctenocephalus , 7.8), ticks ( Ambyloma variegatum , 6.8%, Boophilus decoloratus , 9.4%, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi , 2.9% and Hyalomma truncatum , 1.8%). Host risk factors such as sex, species, breed, body condition score and physiological status (pregnancy) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the overall prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants. According to this study, there was high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants of the study area. Therefore, to minimize this high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants and their impacts, appropriate and strategic control measures are paramount important. Keywords: Ectoparasites; Haramaya University; Prevalence; Risk factors; Small Ruminants","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89215222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Adamu, K. Melese, Mekonnen Germa, T. Fekadu, S. Ali
Losses due to reduced productivity caused by helminthiasis are economically important to the poultry industry. There are a few research reports in the prevalence of helminth-parasites in the different poultry production systems. A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of estimating the prevalence of helminth infections in exotic layer and dual-purpose chickens, kept under small scale intensive farms of selected towns, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa (Highlands) and Debre Zeit, Haramaya, Hawassa and Kombolcha (Midlands) climatic zones. Towns and farms were purposively identified while chickens from each farm were randomly selected for fecal sample collection and necropsy examination. A total of 1009 fresh fecal samples and thirty-three chickens were collected from chickens of different breeds. Helminth egg and adult parasite identification was processed through coproscopic and necropsy examination methods, respectively. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 66(%). A statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of helminthiasis among study sites (P 0.05) among age groups. Three species of nematodes as Ascaridia galli (52%), Heterakis gallinarum (57%) and Capillaria species (1%) and one species of cestode: Raillietina species (3%) were identified. Regular check up for helminth infection and application of appropriate prevention and control measures are important. Key words : Chicken; Exotic; Intensive; Helminth-infection; Small-scale
{"title":"Helminth infection of layer and dual-purpose chickens kept under small scale intensive production system, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Adamu, K. Melese, Mekonnen Germa, T. Fekadu, S. Ali","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Losses due to reduced productivity caused by helminthiasis are economically important to the poultry industry. There are a few research reports in the prevalence of helminth-parasites in the different poultry production systems. A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of estimating the prevalence of helminth infections in exotic layer and dual-purpose chickens, kept under small scale intensive farms of selected towns, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa (Highlands) and Debre Zeit, Haramaya, Hawassa and Kombolcha (Midlands) climatic zones. Towns and farms were purposively identified while chickens from each farm were randomly selected for fecal sample collection and necropsy examination. A total of 1009 fresh fecal samples and thirty-three chickens were collected from chickens of different breeds. Helminth egg and adult parasite identification was processed through coproscopic and necropsy examination methods, respectively. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 66(%). A statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of helminthiasis among study sites (P 0.05) among age groups. Three species of nematodes as Ascaridia galli (52%), Heterakis gallinarum (57%) and Capillaria species (1%) and one species of cestode: Raillietina species (3%) were identified. Regular check up for helminth infection and application of appropriate prevention and control measures are important. Key words : Chicken; Exotic; Intensive; Helminth-infection; Small-scale","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85219005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infection with abomasal nematodes, especially haemonchosis, is one of the most important problems challenging small ruminant production in the tropics. This study was carried out to identify nematodes infecting the abomasa, and estimate their prevalence and count in goats slaughtered in Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia. A total of 166 abomasa of goats were examined for postmortem differential adult nematode parasites count using standard procedure. Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrogylus axei were recovered from 126 (75.9%) and 109 (65.7%) abomasa, respectively. It was noted that 152 (91.6%) goats harbored at least one of the parasites, while 83 (50%) goats were found infected with both parasites. Mean and maximum adult worm counts were 39.2 and 270 and 55.2 and 600 for Haemonchus spp. and T. axei , respectively. Months of the year had significant (p<0.05) effect on prevalence and adult worm count in both species of parasites identified. The adult worm count and prevalence were relatively high in February for Haemonchus spp . and in December for T. axei . The high prevalence of these economically important parasites in goats in the dry season may entail insidious losses they could incur in the productivity of goats in the study area. Keywords : Abomasal nematodes; Ethiopia; Goat; Haemonchus; Trichostrogylus axei
{"title":"Abomasal nematode parasites in goats slaughtered in Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia","authors":"K. Berhe, K. Aragaw","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with abomasal nematodes, especially haemonchosis, is one of the most important problems challenging small ruminant production in the tropics. This study was carried out to identify nematodes infecting the abomasa, and estimate their prevalence and count in goats slaughtered in Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia. A total of 166 abomasa of goats were examined for postmortem differential adult nematode parasites count using standard procedure. Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrogylus axei were recovered from 126 (75.9%) and 109 (65.7%) abomasa, respectively. It was noted that 152 (91.6%) goats harbored at least one of the parasites, while 83 (50%) goats were found infected with both parasites. Mean and maximum adult worm counts were 39.2 and 270 and 55.2 and 600 for Haemonchus spp. and T. axei , respectively. Months of the year had significant (p<0.05) effect on prevalence and adult worm count in both species of parasites identified. The adult worm count and prevalence were relatively high in February for Haemonchus spp . and in December for T. axei . The high prevalence of these economically important parasites in goats in the dry season may entail insidious losses they could incur in the productivity of goats in the study area. Keywords : Abomasal nematodes; Ethiopia; Goat; Haemonchus; Trichostrogylus axei","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83927733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gebremedhin, Sisay Miheretu, Lencho Megersa Marami, E. J. Sarba, Getachew Kebebew, S. Shiferaw
Salmonella is the most known zoonotic bacterial agent, which produces salmonellosis in animals as wells as in humans. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence, to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and to assess risk factors associated with Salmonella shedding in dogs in selected towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 438 rectal swab samples were collected from randomly selected dogs for isolation and identification of Salmonella using standard procedures. A questionnaire survey was also administered. The results showed that 48 (11.0%, 95%, [CI]: 8.2% 14.3 %) dogs were positive for Salmonella.The occurrenceof Salmonella was 10.9% (26/238), 11.6% (15/129) and 9.9% (7/71) in Ambo, Bako and Gojo towns respectively. Salmonella shedding was significantly higher in older dogs (15.0%) than younger ones (6.1 %) (P<0.05). The occurrence of Salmonella was not significantly associated with study towns, sex, breed of dogs,educational level of owners, presence of other domestic animals and housing system(P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of isolation of Salmonella was significantly higher in old than young dogs (OR): 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.6, P=0.007) and in dogs eating mixed type of feeds (raw animal products, household leftover) than cooked feed (OR = 9.0, 95% CI: 1.2 – 68.1, P=0.033). There was also a significant difference between kebeles of the study areas in that Salmonella isolation was nearly nine times higher in Bako Kebele 02 (P=0.005) as compared to Ambo kebele 03. Salmonella isolates have developed the highest level of resistance for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline
{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolated from dogs of Ambo, Bako and Gojo towns of West Shoa, Ethiopia","authors":"E. Gebremedhin, Sisay Miheretu, Lencho Megersa Marami, E. J. Sarba, Getachew Kebebew, S. Shiferaw","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella is the most known zoonotic bacterial agent, which produces salmonellosis in animals as wells as in humans. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence, to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and to assess risk factors associated with Salmonella shedding in dogs in selected towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 438 rectal swab samples were collected from randomly selected dogs for isolation and identification of Salmonella using standard procedures. A questionnaire survey was also administered. The results showed that 48 (11.0%, 95%, [CI]: 8.2% 14.3 %) dogs were positive for Salmonella.The occurrenceof Salmonella was 10.9% (26/238), 11.6% (15/129) and 9.9% (7/71) in Ambo, Bako and Gojo towns respectively. Salmonella shedding was significantly higher in older dogs (15.0%) than younger ones (6.1 %) (P<0.05). The occurrence of Salmonella was not significantly associated with study towns, sex, breed of dogs,educational level of owners, presence of other domestic animals and housing system(P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of isolation of Salmonella was significantly higher in old than young dogs (OR): 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.6, P=0.007) and in dogs eating mixed type of feeds (raw animal products, household leftover) than cooked feed (OR = 9.0, 95% CI: 1.2 – 68.1, P=0.033). There was also a significant difference between kebeles of the study areas in that Salmonella isolation was nearly nine times higher in Bako Kebele 02 (P=0.005) as compared to Ambo kebele 03. Salmonella isolates have developed the highest level of resistance for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88669520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Staphylococci are responsible for foodborne infection and intoxication with the spread of antibiotic resistance. The aims of the study were to investigate beef abattoir line contamination with Staphylococcal , to evaluate DNase test for alternative of the tube coagulase test, and to assess isolates drug resistance in Ethiopia. A total of 169 samples from slaughter environment, raw beef at inspection and at public supply along Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise line were examined for Staphylococci . The isolates were tested against DNase, tube plasma coagulase, and eight medicinal drugs. A total proportion of 35.5% (60/169) isolates with 13.6% S. aureus and 21.9% coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) were observed. All sampling locations were found positive for Staphylococcus environmental samples ranged from 18.2% - 46.2% with no difference (p > 0.05) among locations. In raw beef, it was 23.5% at abattoir and 52.9% at butchers. Three (1.9%), 13 (7.7%) and 23 (13.6%) of locations were positive for S. aureus only, CNS only and both as a mixed, respectively. Of all 60 Staphylococci isolates, the DNase test and coagulase tests were in agreement for 56 isolates (21 for positive, 35 for negative) showing DNase test was strong agreement with the gold standard test (coagulase tests), kappa=0.86)). S. aureus was 38.3% but CNS was 61.7%. Resistant isolates were observed for trimethoprim (35.0%), polymyxin-B (33.7%), oxytetracycline (31.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20.0%), chloramphenicol (8.3%), oxacillin (6.7%), and gentamycin (5.0%) but not for tetracycline. Thirty-one (51.7%) isolates were resistant for at least one drug with multiple drugs resistance (MDR) of three to six in 17 isolates. Contamination of all sampling locations with Staphylococcus including with resistant isolate to medically used drugs warrants the application of good hygienic practices along the abattoir line. Due to availability and cost effectiveness, DNase can be used as alternative to the gold standard, coagulase test, for diagnosis of Staphylococcus . Keywords: Abattoir line; beef; drug resistance; foodborne intoxication; Staphylococci
{"title":"Isolation, DNase-cross-Coagulase test and antimicrobial resistance test on Staphylococcus along beef abattoir line in Addis Ababa Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hiko","doi":"10.4314/evj.v23i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v23i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococci are responsible for foodborne infection and intoxication with the spread of antibiotic resistance. The aims of the study were to investigate beef abattoir line contamination with Staphylococcal , to evaluate DNase test for alternative of the tube coagulase test, and to assess isolates drug resistance in Ethiopia. A total of 169 samples from slaughter environment, raw beef at inspection and at public supply along Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise line were examined for Staphylococci . The isolates were tested against DNase, tube plasma coagulase, and eight medicinal drugs. A total proportion of 35.5% (60/169) isolates with 13.6% S. aureus and 21.9% coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) were observed. All sampling locations were found positive for Staphylococcus environmental samples ranged from 18.2% - 46.2% with no difference (p > 0.05) among locations. In raw beef, it was 23.5% at abattoir and 52.9% at butchers. Three (1.9%), 13 (7.7%) and 23 (13.6%) of locations were positive for S. aureus only, CNS only and both as a mixed, respectively. Of all 60 Staphylococci isolates, the DNase test and coagulase tests were in agreement for 56 isolates (21 for positive, 35 for negative) showing DNase test was strong agreement with the gold standard test (coagulase tests), kappa=0.86)). S. aureus was 38.3% but CNS was 61.7%. Resistant isolates were observed for trimethoprim (35.0%), polymyxin-B (33.7%), oxytetracycline (31.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20.0%), chloramphenicol (8.3%), oxacillin (6.7%), and gentamycin (5.0%) but not for tetracycline. Thirty-one (51.7%) isolates were resistant for at least one drug with multiple drugs resistance (MDR) of three to six in 17 isolates. Contamination of all sampling locations with Staphylococcus including with resistant isolate to medically used drugs warrants the application of good hygienic practices along the abattoir line. Due to availability and cost effectiveness, DNase can be used as alternative to the gold standard, coagulase test, for diagnosis of Staphylococcus . Keywords: Abattoir line; beef; drug resistance; foodborne intoxication; Staphylococci","PeriodicalId":12019,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87327696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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