"The process of creative problem-solving and stimulating innovation in organizations is long, costly, and high-risked. While risk is by definition included in the creative process, ideation can cut down time and costs of fostering innovative solutions. Inventive systems such as TRIZ (?????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????), CPS (Creative Problem-Solving) or DT (Design Thinking), have paved the way in supporting creators, designers, inventors and scientists in innovative solutions seeking. However, only a few of these systems are scientifically proven to be effective. It seems that CPS, initiated by Osborn, is the best evidence-based inventive system, as well as it is still developed both in empirical research, and in real-life practice (Buijs, Smulders & van der Meer, 2009; Isaksen & Treffinger, 2004; Puccio, Murdock & Mance, 2005). The main assumption of CPS is that creating innovative ideas is a phase process, i.e. following a certain universal pattern. Baer and Kaufman (2005) argue that CPS involves various skills, especially domain-specific creativity (i.e. related to expert knowledge), which is embedded in general abilities such as intelligence and motivation. However, the use of CPS requires high-class experts who are not only specialists in a specific field but also trained in creative problem-solving. Regardless of the costs, it is a bottleneck for the application of such inventive techniques on a larger scale. Therefore, new approaches in development of AI-powered creative tools to assist creators and designers seem to be emerging. One of them is @CREATE – an expert inventive system based on CPS and supported by artificial intelligence. The idea of @CREATE will be presented by the authors."
“在组织中创造性地解决问题和激励创新的过程是漫长、昂贵和高风险的。虽然从定义上讲，风险包含在创意过程中，但创意可以减少培养创新解决方案的时间和成本。创造性的系统，如TRIZ (??????)? ??????????????????????)， CPS(创造性解决问题)或DT(设计思维)，为支持创作者，设计师，发明家和科学家寻求创新解决方案铺平了道路。然而，这些系统中只有少数被科学证明是有效的。由Osborn发起的CPS似乎是最好的基于证据的发明系统，并且在实证研究和现实实践中仍在发展(Buijs, Smulders & van der Meer, 2009;Isaksen & Treffinger, 2004;Puccio, Murdock & Mance, 2005)。CPS的主要假设是创造创新的想法是一个阶段性的过程，即遵循一定的普遍模式。Baer和Kaufman(2005)认为CPS涉及各种技能，特别是特定领域的创造力(即与专业知识相关)，这是嵌入在智力和动机等一般能力中的。然而，使用CPS需要高级专家，他们不仅是特定领域的专家，而且还接受过创造性解决问题的培训。抛开成本不谈，这是这种创新技术大规模应用的瓶颈。因此，帮助创作者和设计师的人工智能创意工具的开发新方法似乎正在出现。其中之一是@CREATE——一个基于CPS、人工智能支持的专业创新系统。@CREATE的想法将由作者提出。”
{"title":"CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING?","authors":"J. Orzechowski, Daria Kamińska, P. Jemioło","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact040","url":null,"abstract":"\"The process of creative problem-solving and stimulating innovation in organizations is long, costly, and high-risked. While risk is by definition included in the creative process, ideation can cut down time and costs of fostering innovative solutions. Inventive systems such as TRIZ (?????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????), CPS (Creative Problem-Solving) or DT (Design Thinking), have paved the way in supporting creators, designers, inventors and scientists in innovative solutions seeking. However, only a few of these systems are scientifically proven to be effective. It seems that CPS, initiated by Osborn, is the best evidence-based inventive system, as well as it is still developed both in empirical research, and in real-life practice (Buijs, Smulders & van der Meer, 2009; Isaksen & Treffinger, 2004; Puccio, Murdock & Mance, 2005). The main assumption of CPS is that creating innovative ideas is a phase process, i.e. following a certain universal pattern. Baer and Kaufman (2005) argue that CPS involves various skills, especially domain-specific creativity (i.e. related to expert knowledge), which is embedded in general abilities such as intelligence and motivation. However, the use of CPS requires high-class experts who are not only specialists in a specific field but also trained in creative problem-solving. Regardless of the costs, it is a bottleneck for the application of such inventive techniques on a larger scale. Therefore, new approaches in development of AI-powered creative tools to assist creators and designers seem to be emerging. One of them is @CREATE – an expert inventive system based on CPS and supported by artificial intelligence. The idea of @CREATE will be presented by the authors.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127960793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"In this study, we compared two rotational representations of a spatio-temporal cube displaying a cultural collection data to determine which was more useful for information search. While the horizontal data plane of the cube represented a geographical map, the vertical axis showed time as an upward spatial dimension. Users manipulated the cube to find the country and time period in which artworks with the characteristics specified in the questions were most used. In the viewpoint rotation condition, the background flowed in conjunction with a horizontal rotation as if the users moving around the stationary cube. In the cube rotation condition, the cube was rotated in front of the user's eyes, and the background did not change. The users were able to search information more accurately when using the viewpoint rotation than the cube rotation. This was true for both users with high and low spatial abilities. This finding is discussed in terms of how the environmental reference frame supports users' spatial cognition."
{"title":"SPATIO-TEMPORAL CUBE FOR VISUALIZING CULTURAL COLLECTIONS: EXPLORING A USER-FRIENDLY ROTATIONAL REPRESENTATION WITH DIFFERENT SPATIAL ABILITY","authors":"Hironori Oto, Kazuo Isoda, Ichiro Hisanaga","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact107","url":null,"abstract":"\"In this study, we compared two rotational representations of a spatio-temporal cube displaying a cultural collection data to determine which was more useful for information search. While the horizontal data plane of the cube represented a geographical map, the vertical axis showed time as an upward spatial dimension. Users manipulated the cube to find the country and time period in which artworks with the characteristics specified in the questions were most used. In the viewpoint rotation condition, the background flowed in conjunction with a horizontal rotation as if the users moving around the stationary cube. In the cube rotation condition, the cube was rotated in front of the user's eyes, and the background did not change. The users were able to search information more accurately when using the viewpoint rotation than the cube rotation. This was true for both users with high and low spatial abilities. This finding is discussed in terms of how the environmental reference frame supports users' spatial cognition.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131398510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"During the last decade, the growth of wearable products such as smartwatches, display glasses, smart tattoos, wrist-bands, and headbands has been increasing and propagated rapidly to mainstream usage, due to their capability for both leisure or fitness and medical data tracking (Celik, Salama, & Eltawil, 2020; Nam & Lee, 2020). Following Wright and Keith’s (2014) conceptualization, wearable technology and wearable devices are phrases that describe electronics that are integrated into clothing and other accessories that can be worn comfortably on the body. The study is based on a cross-sectional design, data being collected from a convenience sample of 261 participants (48 males, 213 females), aged between 18 and 29 years old (M=21.73, SD=3.70) through the following structured questionnaires: Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) and Gratifications of Wearables Technology (Travers, 2015). The study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the motivation (gratifications) of students in the adoption of wearables technologies and actual usage of wearables technologies. The results of the study suggest that both Perceived Ease of Use (r=.279, p<.01) and Perceived Usefulness (r=.386, p<.01) correlate with Actual System Use. Moreover, Perceived Ease of Use positively correlates with Accessibility scale of Gratifications of Wearables Technology (r=.380, p<.01), and Perceived Usefulness positively correlate with all scales of Gratifications of Wearables Technology – Health (r=.427, p<.01), Accessibility (r=.522, p<.01) and Status (r=.262, p<.01). The reality is that the interest in wearables is growing fast, during the last few years, a large variety of wearables has been offered to the market (Seneviratne et al., 2017). A forecast of the wearable industry shows that it will most likely experience important changes within the next few years, wearables being more and more present in mainstream usage. Practical implications of the recent study are discussed as well as some directions for future research in the area."
{"title":"AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY ON USERS’ MOTIVATION AND ADOPTION OF WEARABLES TECHNOLOGIES USING THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)","authors":"D. Stănescu, M. C. Romașcanu","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact087","url":null,"abstract":"\"During the last decade, the growth of wearable products such as smartwatches, display glasses, smart tattoos, wrist-bands, and headbands has been increasing and propagated rapidly to mainstream usage, due to their capability for both leisure or fitness and medical data tracking (Celik, Salama, & Eltawil, 2020; Nam & Lee, 2020). Following Wright and Keith’s (2014) conceptualization, wearable technology and wearable devices are phrases that describe electronics that are integrated into clothing and other accessories that can be worn comfortably on the body. The study is based on a cross-sectional design, data being collected from a convenience sample of 261 participants (48 males, 213 females), aged between 18 and 29 years old (M=21.73, SD=3.70) through the following structured questionnaires: Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) and Gratifications of Wearables Technology (Travers, 2015). The study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the motivation (gratifications) of students in the adoption of wearables technologies and actual usage of wearables technologies. The results of the study suggest that both Perceived Ease of Use (r=.279, p<.01) and Perceived Usefulness (r=.386, p<.01) correlate with Actual System Use. Moreover, Perceived Ease of Use positively correlates with Accessibility scale of Gratifications of Wearables Technology (r=.380, p<.01), and Perceived Usefulness positively correlate with all scales of Gratifications of Wearables Technology – Health (r=.427, p<.01), Accessibility (r=.522, p<.01) and Status (r=.262, p<.01). The reality is that the interest in wearables is growing fast, during the last few years, a large variety of wearables has been offered to the market (Seneviratne et al., 2017). A forecast of the wearable industry shows that it will most likely experience important changes within the next few years, wearables being more and more present in mainstream usage. Practical implications of the recent study are discussed as well as some directions for future research in the area.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"23 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Research background: Today, with the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, college students are easy to show a psychological state of sub-healthy because of excessive mental stress, and even get a series of psychological problems, such as test anxiety, social anxiety, employment anxiety, and so on. In this context, according to the investigation and research, it is found that the mental health of students with arts education background is better than those who have not studied arts, and arts education plays an increasingly important role in the development of physical and mental health of college students. Research purpose: The research purpose is to explore the relationship between college students' years of arts education and their life meaning experience, to find the relationship between college students' arts education background and their mental health. Research methods: The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and Mplus software. Through the mediation model and regression analysis of the questionnaire data, this paper demonstrates the relationship between college students' arts education background and their mental health. Subjects: The data of 277 students were selected for latent variable analysis, and the years of learning arts and the frequency of participating in arts were taken as independent variables to study their effects on mental health-related factors such as life meaning experience and life meaning pursuit. The results of data analysis: Through the analysis of the mediation model, it is found that the longer the years of learning arts, the higher the value of life meaning experience and the pursuit of life meaning. The number of years of learning arts also plays a mediating role in the experience and pursuit of life meaning through life satisfaction. When positive emotion is used as a mediating variable, the higher the frequency of participation in arts, the higher the experience of life meaning and the pursuit of life meaning."
{"title":"THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS’ BACKGROUND OF ARTS EDUCATION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH MENTAL HEALTH","authors":"Li Hongju, Fan Xiaomin, Ji Shuwen, Yuguang Qian","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact051","url":null,"abstract":"\"Research background: Today, with the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, college students are easy to show a psychological state of sub-healthy because of excessive mental stress, and even get a series of psychological problems, such as test anxiety, social anxiety, employment anxiety, and so on. In this context, according to the investigation and research, it is found that the mental health of students with arts education background is better than those who have not studied arts, and arts education plays an increasingly important role in the development of physical and mental health of college students. Research purpose: The research purpose is to explore the relationship between college students' years of arts education and their life meaning experience, to find the relationship between college students' arts education background and their mental health. Research methods: The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and Mplus software. Through the mediation model and regression analysis of the questionnaire data, this paper demonstrates the relationship between college students' arts education background and their mental health. Subjects: The data of 277 students were selected for latent variable analysis, and the years of learning arts and the frequency of participating in arts were taken as independent variables to study their effects on mental health-related factors such as life meaning experience and life meaning pursuit. The results of data analysis: Through the analysis of the mediation model, it is found that the longer the years of learning arts, the higher the value of life meaning experience and the pursuit of life meaning. The number of years of learning arts also plays a mediating role in the experience and pursuit of life meaning through life satisfaction. When positive emotion is used as a mediating variable, the higher the frequency of participation in arts, the higher the experience of life meaning and the pursuit of life meaning.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122683338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"During the latter part of the 21st century, social emotional learning (SEL) started being incorporated into the classroom in a meaningful way. While SEL has garnered enough attention to be included in school curricula throughout the United States as well as several other countries worldwide, research about the import and effect of SEL is relatively new (America Succeeds, 2019). The worldwide COVID pandemic has brought about challenges beyond the obvious serious health concerns. Byproducts of the pandemic include the increased need for coping mechanisms and problem solving, interpersonal interaction skills, as well as an understanding of identity development to help children handle emotional distress resulting from the numerous significant changes in their daily lives. However, many current SEL programs do not address these key areas of concern. It is the authors’ contention that an SEL curriculum which focuses on resilience as well as key indicators of identity development, coping mechanisms, and personal de-escalation techniques are necessary to effectively aid adolescents with navigating their current lives and building a positive future. This research proposes a new SEL program that fits the needs of adolescents and preteens as administered in the school system. Building on a previous program shown to significantly improve self-esteem and school cohesion and trust (Cipra & Hall, 2019), Gr2IT focuses on several key principles to help children develop social and emotional skills and resiliency in the classroom and beyond. A unique component of the program is the principle of identity. Because identity formation is a significant developmental task, understanding the reinforcing and bidirectional relation between behavior and identity is beneficial to adolescents. Gr2IT incorporates principles of identity development throughout the curriculum. In conjunction with emotional regulatory practices, problem-solving strategies, and a social equity perspective, Gr2IT introduces a holistic approach to social and emotional learning to support the positive development of youth. While Gr2IT is currently being developed for American schools, many of the principles are universal to child development and may be adapted cross culturally."
{"title":"SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING: DEVELOPING THE ADOLESCENT","authors":"Alli Cipra, Shannon B. Dermer","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact013","url":null,"abstract":"\"During the latter part of the 21st century, social emotional learning (SEL) started being incorporated into the classroom in a meaningful way. While SEL has garnered enough attention to be included in school curricula throughout the United States as well as several other countries worldwide, research about the import and effect of SEL is relatively new (America Succeeds, 2019). The worldwide COVID pandemic has brought about challenges beyond the obvious serious health concerns. Byproducts of the pandemic include the increased need for coping mechanisms and problem solving, interpersonal interaction skills, as well as an understanding of identity development to help children handle emotional distress resulting from the numerous significant changes in their daily lives. However, many current SEL programs do not address these key areas of concern. It is the authors’ contention that an SEL curriculum which focuses on resilience as well as key indicators of identity development, coping mechanisms, and personal de-escalation techniques are necessary to effectively aid adolescents with navigating their current lives and building a positive future. This research proposes a new SEL program that fits the needs of adolescents and preteens as administered in the school system. Building on a previous program shown to significantly improve self-esteem and school cohesion and trust (Cipra & Hall, 2019), Gr2IT focuses on several key principles to help children develop social and emotional skills and resiliency in the classroom and beyond. A unique component of the program is the principle of identity. Because identity formation is a significant developmental task, understanding the reinforcing and bidirectional relation between behavior and identity is beneficial to adolescents. Gr2IT incorporates principles of identity development throughout the curriculum. In conjunction with emotional regulatory practices, problem-solving strategies, and a social equity perspective, Gr2IT introduces a holistic approach to social and emotional learning to support the positive development of youth. While Gr2IT is currently being developed for American schools, many of the principles are universal to child development and may be adapted cross culturally.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127817601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Guimarães Mielo, Paulo Henrique Teixeira do Prado
"The number sense has two characteristics: subitizing – the immediate and error-free recognition of numbers from one to three, without counting – and the ability to discriminate between numbers with values greater than the subitizable ones. Without counting, this type of discrimination is done by approximate estimate, from which a numerical approximation system is inferred. Although the approximate numerical estimate is considered innate, it is influenced by factors such as the ratio between the sets to be compared, external factors, in addition to its increasing accuracy with age. This cognitive ability has been identified as a “predictor” for academic achievement in mathematics. The presented research aimed to investigate the existence of a correlation between the approximate number estimate and math skills in first-grade school children. The study was carried out with 34 children aged between six and seven years old. Their math skills were measured using the Test of Early Mathematical Abilities (TEMA-3), which was administered following the protocol, designed to measure general formal and non-formal math skills of children from 3 to 8 years-old. The approximate number estimate was measured using Panamath – a software that managed the discrimination task –, consisting of comparisons of several pairs of sets, indicating the largest. The exposure time of the stimuli was set at 1200 ms and the ratio of the difference between the sets was systematically varied. The results showed an ease of distinction based on the proportions of the sets in the numerical approximation system test. This study investigated the possibility of a correlation between performance in the number sense activity with those of mathematical skills, as it is assumed that the greater the child's sensitivity to differentiating the proportions between sets, the better his performance in solving the mathematical problems addressed, accordingly to previous studies. Even though the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.31 (p = 0.07, a little higher than accepted), the value indicates a moderate to weak correlation and a possible prediction in mathematical abilities based on performance in the numerical discrimination task, although there are other variables to consider in the mathematical development. The approximate number system test can be used as a tool to do and initial track of children who might experience problems in developing math skills."
{"title":"CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN APPROXIMATE NUMERICAL ESTIMATE AND MATH ABILITIES: A STUDY WITH FIRST-GRADE SCHOOL STUDENTS","authors":"Eduardo Guimarães Mielo, Paulo Henrique Teixeira do Prado","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact015","url":null,"abstract":"\"The number sense has two characteristics: subitizing – the immediate and error-free recognition of numbers from one to three, without counting – and the ability to discriminate between numbers with values greater than the subitizable ones. Without counting, this type of discrimination is done by approximate estimate, from which a numerical approximation system is inferred. Although the approximate numerical estimate is considered innate, it is influenced by factors such as the ratio between the sets to be compared, external factors, in addition to its increasing accuracy with age. This cognitive ability has been identified as a “predictor” for academic achievement in mathematics. The presented research aimed to investigate the existence of a correlation between the approximate number estimate and math skills in first-grade school children. The study was carried out with 34 children aged between six and seven years old. Their math skills were measured using the Test of Early Mathematical Abilities (TEMA-3), which was administered following the protocol, designed to measure general formal and non-formal math skills of children from 3 to 8 years-old. The approximate number estimate was measured using Panamath – a software that managed the discrimination task –, consisting of comparisons of several pairs of sets, indicating the largest. The exposure time of the stimuli was set at 1200 ms and the ratio of the difference between the sets was systematically varied. The results showed an ease of distinction based on the proportions of the sets in the numerical approximation system test. This study investigated the possibility of a correlation between performance in the number sense activity with those of mathematical skills, as it is assumed that the greater the child's sensitivity to differentiating the proportions between sets, the better his performance in solving the mathematical problems addressed, accordingly to previous studies. Even though the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.31 (p = 0.07, a little higher than accepted), the value indicates a moderate to weak correlation and a possible prediction in mathematical abilities based on performance in the numerical discrimination task, although there are other variables to consider in the mathematical development. The approximate number system test can be used as a tool to do and initial track of children who might experience problems in developing math skills.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126634092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Slovaks belong to nations that have long-term negative attitudes towards migrants (e.g. Bozogá?ová, Piterová, 2020). We are interested in whether national identity is related to intergroup anxiety (contact with a person of another ethnicity). Intergroup anxiety can be broadly defined as the arousal that occurs as a result of individuals’ negative expectations of rejection or discrimination during cross-group interactions or fears that the interaction partner or they themselves may behave in an incompetent or offensive manner (Stephan & Stephan, 1985, Turner, Hewstone, Voci & Vonofakou, 2008). The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship between national (Slovak) identity and intergroup anxiety and further determine whether there are differences in these constructs in the context of sex and age. The research sample consisted of 1001 respondents (49% men) aged 17 to 75 (M = 44.81; SD = 14.92). The data were collected online in the form of a panel collection in Slovakia with the ambition to obtain a representative sample of respondents (based on sex, age, region, and education). Intergroup anxiety was measured by the Stephan and Stephan (1985) scale (Cronbach ? = .866). Slovak national identity was measured by 8 items from ISP 2013 - National Identity III (Cronbach ? = .801). It was found that there is a weak positive relationship between national identities and intergroup anxiety. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare national identity and intergroup anxiety. Using Pillai’s trace, there was a significant effect of sex, age, and there was a significant effect of interaction sex x age. Results showed that older respondents (53 and above) scored higher than younger age groups in terms of national identity. Intergroup anxiety was higher in men. It appears that national identity is higher for women with increasing age, while for men its value decreases. The limit of the study is its exploratory and cross-sectional character. However, we consider it a steppingstone, when examining the mentioned constructs in the given context."
{"title":"INTERGROUP ANXIETY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY AMONG SLOVAKS (PRELIMINARY FINDINGS)","authors":"Miroslava Bozogáňová, Tatiana Pethö","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact092","url":null,"abstract":"\"Slovaks belong to nations that have long-term negative attitudes towards migrants (e.g. Bozogá?ová, Piterová, 2020). We are interested in whether national identity is related to intergroup anxiety (contact with a person of another ethnicity). Intergroup anxiety can be broadly defined as the arousal that occurs as a result of individuals’ negative expectations of rejection or discrimination during cross-group interactions or fears that the interaction partner or they themselves may behave in an incompetent or offensive manner (Stephan & Stephan, 1985, Turner, Hewstone, Voci & Vonofakou, 2008). The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship between national (Slovak) identity and intergroup anxiety and further determine whether there are differences in these constructs in the context of sex and age. The research sample consisted of 1001 respondents (49% men) aged 17 to 75 (M = 44.81; SD = 14.92). The data were collected online in the form of a panel collection in Slovakia with the ambition to obtain a representative sample of respondents (based on sex, age, region, and education). Intergroup anxiety was measured by the Stephan and Stephan (1985) scale (Cronbach ? = .866). Slovak national identity was measured by 8 items from ISP 2013 - National Identity III (Cronbach ? = .801). It was found that there is a weak positive relationship between national identities and intergroup anxiety. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare national identity and intergroup anxiety. Using Pillai’s trace, there was a significant effect of sex, age, and there was a significant effect of interaction sex x age. Results showed that older respondents (53 and above) scored higher than younger age groups in terms of national identity. Intergroup anxiety was higher in men. It appears that national identity is higher for women with increasing age, while for men its value decreases. The limit of the study is its exploratory and cross-sectional character. However, we consider it a steppingstone, when examining the mentioned constructs in the given context.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122158199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The purpose of the present study was to describe the stereotypical images of a career counsellor through drawings. The research was based on a sample of Estonian (N=22), Finnish (N=18) and Latvian (N=22) initial teacher training students who participated in international career guidance e-learning course lasting one academic semester. At the end of the course students were asked to draw their images of a career counsellor, and their drawings were analyzed systematically based on the modified version of the checklist developed by Barrow (2000). Respondents’ drawings were scored independently by two raters with the overt features in drawings by a frequency count basis. Findings from present study using the Draw a Career Counsellor Test (DACCT) showed that preservice teachers drawings reflected several stereotypical imagines: the stereotypes of the career counsellor, the client stereotypes, and stereotypic elements of configuration of the working environment of the career counsellor."
{"title":"TEACHER TRAINING STUDENTS’ STEREOTYPIC IMAGINES OF CAREER COUNSELLOR THROUGH DRAWINGS","authors":"Kristi Kõiv, A. Jussila, I. Soika","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact077","url":null,"abstract":"\"The purpose of the present study was to describe the stereotypical images of a career counsellor through drawings. The research was based on a sample of Estonian (N=22), Finnish (N=18) and Latvian (N=22) initial teacher training students who participated in international career guidance e-learning course lasting one academic semester. At the end of the course students were asked to draw their images of a career counsellor, and their drawings were analyzed systematically based on the modified version of the checklist developed by Barrow (2000). Respondents’ drawings were scored independently by two raters with the overt features in drawings by a frequency count basis. Findings from present study using the Draw a Career Counsellor Test (DACCT) showed that preservice teachers drawings reflected several stereotypical imagines: the stereotypes of the career counsellor, the client stereotypes, and stereotypic elements of configuration of the working environment of the career counsellor.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125522274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica Guerra, J. Ranieri, E. Cilli, D. Di Giacomo, Claudio Ferri
"Background: Chronic Diseases (CD) such as diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers increase with age and place a burden on individuals and healthcare systems, and more they are associated with a lower Quality of Life (QoL) in the elderly. CD conditions suggested improvements of self-care investigations switching research perspectives from medication or dietary adherence, biological exams, or symptoms management to maintaining health through treatment adherence and health-promoting practices. Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the health management of chronic disease, analyzing the effectiveness of self-care and the emotional dimensions (anxiety, stress, depression). Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational study on 132 outpatient patients aged 18 to 75 years (mean age 52.6 years, SD ± 12.4) diagnosed with CD; 57,5% of the sample were females. The participants were enrolled at the Clinical Medicine Division of S. Salvatore Hospital in L’Aquila, ASL1 Abruzzo (IT). The psychological battery was composed of three standardized self-assessment measured emotional traits (DASS-21), QoL (WHOQOL-26), and Self-Care (SC-CII). Participants were divided into 2 groups based on CD as follows: a) cardiovascular disease (ex. cardiological disease) (CVD) group was composed of 68 patients (51.5%), b) other disease group (ex. disorders of the locomotor, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems) (OD) was composed of 64 patients (48.5%). Results: Descriptive analyses based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics showed no difference among all the variables (gender, education, marital status, occupation, and timing diagnosis). One-way ANOVA was performed comparing the emotional dimensions for both CVD/OD groups. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the OD group which showed greater signs of anxiety (p=0.029), depression (p=0.007), and stress (p=0.013), than the CVD group. Then, we performed Pearson’s correlation to compare the QoL with the ability to self-care index. The results highlighted a significant correlation between self-care maintenance, self-efficacy, and QoL. Discussion and Conclusion: Our results show that, among CDs, patients with gastrointestinal, locomotor, and urogenital diseases appear to suffer more than patients with cardiovascular disease. The QoL is compromised in the maintenance of physical and mental health, in social relationships and, in self-efficacy index; the study highlights those actions could be planned for a person-centered approach with the aim of planning a better health outcome in CDs to progressively involve patients in overall self-care."
{"title":"HEALTH MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES: FACTORS IMPROVING SELF-CARE MASTERING","authors":"Federica Guerra, J. Ranieri, E. Cilli, D. Di Giacomo, Claudio Ferri","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact033","url":null,"abstract":"\"Background: Chronic Diseases (CD) such as diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers increase with age and place a burden on individuals and healthcare systems, and more they are associated with a lower Quality of Life (QoL) in the elderly. CD conditions suggested improvements of self-care investigations switching research perspectives from medication or dietary adherence, biological exams, or symptoms management to maintaining health through treatment adherence and health-promoting practices. Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the health management of chronic disease, analyzing the effectiveness of self-care and the emotional dimensions (anxiety, stress, depression). Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational study on 132 outpatient patients aged 18 to 75 years (mean age 52.6 years, SD ± 12.4) diagnosed with CD; 57,5% of the sample were females. The participants were enrolled at the Clinical Medicine Division of S. Salvatore Hospital in L’Aquila, ASL1 Abruzzo (IT). The psychological battery was composed of three standardized self-assessment measured emotional traits (DASS-21), QoL (WHOQOL-26), and Self-Care (SC-CII). Participants were divided into 2 groups based on CD as follows: a) cardiovascular disease (ex. cardiological disease) (CVD) group was composed of 68 patients (51.5%), b) other disease group (ex. disorders of the locomotor, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems) (OD) was composed of 64 patients (48.5%). Results: Descriptive analyses based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics showed no difference among all the variables (gender, education, marital status, occupation, and timing diagnosis). One-way ANOVA was performed comparing the emotional dimensions for both CVD/OD groups. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the OD group which showed greater signs of anxiety (p=0.029), depression (p=0.007), and stress (p=0.013), than the CVD group. Then, we performed Pearson’s correlation to compare the QoL with the ability to self-care index. The results highlighted a significant correlation between self-care maintenance, self-efficacy, and QoL. Discussion and Conclusion: Our results show that, among CDs, patients with gastrointestinal, locomotor, and urogenital diseases appear to suffer more than patients with cardiovascular disease. The QoL is compromised in the maintenance of physical and mental health, in social relationships and, in self-efficacy index; the study highlights those actions could be planned for a person-centered approach with the aim of planning a better health outcome in CDs to progressively involve patients in overall self-care.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133438995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Introduction: Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus. Several studies shown the importance of pain-related symptomatology in endometriosis, which has been linked to high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, consistent findings revealed that pain symptoms do not always correlate with the severity of endometriosis, showing that other factors such as psychological and emotional factors may influence pain perception. In this regard, Trait Emotional Intelligence (Trait EI) was found to be a relevant antecedent for adjustment to one's medical condition. The current study sought to verify whether the association between Trait Emotional Intelligence and General distress (depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress) in people with endometriosis would be mediated by Pain (intensity and interference with enjoyment of life, and general activity). Methods: In a sample of 276 women with endometriosis aged between 18 and 40 years old (M=30.28; SD=6.07) instruments were administered to measure Trait EI, Pain and General Distress. Results: Results of this study showed that Trait EI was negatively related to Pain and General distress, whereas General distress was positively associated to Pain. Furthermore, Pain has shown a mediation role in the relation between Trait EI and General distress. Discussion: Individuals with a low trait EI may have difficulty requesting support from significant others or physicians, as well as engaging in healthy activities while dealing with pain-related symptomatology, which may foster the onset of internalizing symptomatology. Intervention programs for individuals with endometriosis may implement modules aimed at fostering Trait EI to successfully cope with pain and should carefully screen for internalizing symptomatology to improve their clinical efficacy."
{"title":"FACTORS OF DISTRESS IN ENDOMETRIOSIS: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PAIN","authors":"Nadia Barberis, M. Cannavò, F. Cuzzocrea","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact063","url":null,"abstract":"\"Introduction: Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus. Several studies shown the importance of pain-related symptomatology in endometriosis, which has been linked to high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, consistent findings revealed that pain symptoms do not always correlate with the severity of endometriosis, showing that other factors such as psychological and emotional factors may influence pain perception. In this regard, Trait Emotional Intelligence (Trait EI) was found to be a relevant antecedent for adjustment to one's medical condition. The current study sought to verify whether the association between Trait Emotional Intelligence and General distress (depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress) in people with endometriosis would be mediated by Pain (intensity and interference with enjoyment of life, and general activity). Methods: In a sample of 276 women with endometriosis aged between 18 and 40 years old (M=30.28; SD=6.07) instruments were administered to measure Trait EI, Pain and General Distress. Results: Results of this study showed that Trait EI was negatively related to Pain and General distress, whereas General distress was positively associated to Pain. Furthermore, Pain has shown a mediation role in the relation between Trait EI and General distress. Discussion: Individuals with a low trait EI may have difficulty requesting support from significant others or physicians, as well as engaging in healthy activities while dealing with pain-related symptomatology, which may foster the onset of internalizing symptomatology. Intervention programs for individuals with endometriosis may implement modules aimed at fostering Trait EI to successfully cope with pain and should carefully screen for internalizing symptomatology to improve their clinical efficacy.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132725751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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