"A creative mindset reflects people's views on whether creativity is a malleable (i.e., growth mindset) or an innate, unmalleable (i.e., fixed mindset). Recently, there have been discussions about the nature of these two creative mindset structures. While some researchers argue that the two mindsets are different and alternative to each other, some researchers argue that the two creative mindsets are independent of each other but not opposite each other. This research aims to contribute to this discussion with two studies from Turkey. We adapted the Creative Mindsets Scale (Karwowski, 2014) to Turkish and explored its psychometric properties in the Turkish context. A total of 741 (n=198 for Study 1; n=543 for Study 2) adults (Mage= 25,889; SD= 5,992) participated in the study. Among all participants, 529 were female (71.39%). The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis from both studies verified the two-factor structure (Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset) of the Creative Mindsets construct. In both studies, the correlation between Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset Scales was negative and moderate. These results indicated that fixed and growth creative mindsets were related but independent constructs. These results showed that Growth and Fixed mindsets are not two ends of the same continuum and it’s possible that individuals can endorse both fixed and growth creative mindsets at the same time, as well as have neither mindset nor a combination of fixed and growth. The Creative Mindset Scale has been adapted to a wide variety of languages. Studies conducted in different cultures have revealed similar factor structures and item properties as in our study. The findings will be discussed comparatively with studies conducted in different cultures."
{"title":"CREATIVE MINDSETS. IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE BOTH FIXED AND GROWTH MINDSETS?","authors":"Sema Karakelle, S. Saraç","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact004","url":null,"abstract":"\"A creative mindset reflects people's views on whether creativity is a malleable (i.e., growth mindset) or an innate, unmalleable (i.e., fixed mindset). Recently, there have been discussions about the nature of these two creative mindset structures. While some researchers argue that the two mindsets are different and alternative to each other, some researchers argue that the two creative mindsets are independent of each other but not opposite each other. This research aims to contribute to this discussion with two studies from Turkey. We adapted the Creative Mindsets Scale (Karwowski, 2014) to Turkish and explored its psychometric properties in the Turkish context. A total of 741 (n=198 for Study 1; n=543 for Study 2) adults (Mage= 25,889; SD= 5,992) participated in the study. Among all participants, 529 were female (71.39%). The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis from both studies verified the two-factor structure (Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset) of the Creative Mindsets construct. In both studies, the correlation between Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset Scales was negative and moderate. These results indicated that fixed and growth creative mindsets were related but independent constructs. These results showed that Growth and Fixed mindsets are not two ends of the same continuum and it’s possible that individuals can endorse both fixed and growth creative mindsets at the same time, as well as have neither mindset nor a combination of fixed and growth. The Creative Mindset Scale has been adapted to a wide variety of languages. Studies conducted in different cultures have revealed similar factor structures and item properties as in our study. The findings will be discussed comparatively with studies conducted in different cultures.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125523363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Transitioning from high-school to university challenges young adults to develop greater self-reliance in order to fulfill their needs, engage in relationships, plus adhere to general -self-care, and other healthy behaviors. High-intensity emotions due to difficulties or failure to achieve these goals may result in poor decision-making and impaired self-care (disordered eating, substance abuse, other unfavorable behaviors). This presentation will describe the effects of taking a 13-modules of computerized resilience academic course with a mandatory 1-2 personal assignments for each module. The course effectiveness was assessed via a controlled trial comparing the 124 students that chose to take this elective course and 150 socio-demographic matched controls that did not choose to take this course. At baseline, participants in the research group demonstrated statistical significance lower values compared to the comparison group in the following measures: self-resilience (measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-CD_RISK), self-esteem (measured by Rosenberg Scale), global scores of emotional statuses (measured by depression, anxiety, and pressure scores -Dass-21) and body esteem (measured by the Body Esteem Scale -BES). Thus, all the baseline values were entered as covariates to the ANCOVA Repeated Measures analysis to assess the differences between the intervention and the comparison group along the 4 assessments time: baseline, course termination (after 3.5 months), 3 & 6 months, post-termination. Results revealed a statistically significant superiority to the intervention group in the improvement of all these variables with small effect sizes. At the 6 month’s post course termination, the mean scores of participants in the intervention group reached equality in most variables compared to the mean scores of the comparison group. In some variables they even demonstrated higher scores. The mediating effect of the year that the course was taken and the ethnicity (minorities vs. others) were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the improvement in minorities’ resilience and self-esteem was double compared to the improvement among all others. The improvement in self resilience and self-esteem among first year students was 1.5 times higher than that of the 2nd and 3rd years students. The promising results indicates that emotional and resilience inequality may be addressed via an academic self-learning online-course."
{"title":"ADDRESSING EMOTIONAL AND RESILIENCE INEQUALITY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS VIA AN ONLINE ACADEMIC RESILIENCE COURSE","authors":"M. Golan, Dor Cohen-Asiag","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact053","url":null,"abstract":"\"Transitioning from high-school to university challenges young adults to develop greater self-reliance in order to fulfill their needs, engage in relationships, plus adhere to general -self-care, and other healthy behaviors. High-intensity emotions due to difficulties or failure to achieve these goals may result in poor decision-making and impaired self-care (disordered eating, substance abuse, other unfavorable behaviors). This presentation will describe the effects of taking a 13-modules of computerized resilience academic course with a mandatory 1-2 personal assignments for each module. The course effectiveness was assessed via a controlled trial comparing the 124 students that chose to take this elective course and 150 socio-demographic matched controls that did not choose to take this course. At baseline, participants in the research group demonstrated statistical significance lower values compared to the comparison group in the following measures: self-resilience (measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-CD_RISK), self-esteem (measured by Rosenberg Scale), global scores of emotional statuses (measured by depression, anxiety, and pressure scores -Dass-21) and body esteem (measured by the Body Esteem Scale -BES). Thus, all the baseline values were entered as covariates to the ANCOVA Repeated Measures analysis to assess the differences between the intervention and the comparison group along the 4 assessments time: baseline, course termination (after 3.5 months), 3 & 6 months, post-termination. Results revealed a statistically significant superiority to the intervention group in the improvement of all these variables with small effect sizes. At the 6 month’s post course termination, the mean scores of participants in the intervention group reached equality in most variables compared to the mean scores of the comparison group. In some variables they even demonstrated higher scores. The mediating effect of the year that the course was taken and the ethnicity (minorities vs. others) were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the improvement in minorities’ resilience and self-esteem was double compared to the improvement among all others. The improvement in self resilience and self-esteem among first year students was 1.5 times higher than that of the 2nd and 3rd years students. The promising results indicates that emotional and resilience inequality may be addressed via an academic self-learning online-course.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126026653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Vaccination against Covid-19, a major public health issue, comes up against many fears that fuel strong vaccine hesitancy, when it is not rejected. The main explanation that is used to explain it is the adherence to conspiracy theories (ACT) (Keeley, 1999). However, the literature provides contradictory results about the ACT effects on compliance with health recommendations (e.g., Allington et al., 2020; Díaz and Cova, 2020; Imhoff & Lamberty, 2020). Furthermore, psychological reactance (PR) (Brehm, 1966) moderates the relationship between ACT and vaccine intentions (Bordarie & Plichon, 2021). In other words, the more individuals adhere to conspiracy theories, the less they have the intention to get vaccinated; and this effect is even stronger when they also are reactant, i.e., they feel their freedom of choice threatened. This study tries to supply a more global model by integrating the perceived scarcity of vaccines as a moderator of the relationship between PR and/or ACT and vaccine intentions. The sample consisted of 715 participants (59.6% female and 40.4% male) with a mean age of 45.17 years (SD = 18.7). The questionnaire included 3 standardised scales, measuring respectively PR (14 items), ACT (5 items), perceived scarcity (4 items) and 2 items measuring vaccine intention. The results confirmed the tools internal consistency. Linear regression analyses confirmed the role of both PR and ACT on vaccine intention. The scarcity does not influence the relationship between PR and intentions, neither the one between ACT and intentions. However, scarcity moderates the link between PR and ACT (p=.02) confirming the highly complex relationship that individuals can have with conspiracy beliefs. The intention to get vaccinated against Covid-19 is under influence of both PR and ACT and we also know that PR moderates the relationship between ACT and intention. The moderating effect of scarcity between PR and ACT testify that the ACT depends on other external variables and could be the consequence of the context, more than a disposition to ACT. Thus, in general we can say that the more reactant people are, the more they adhere to conspiracy theories; but this positive effect is less important when people perceived a higher vaccine scarcity. These results open perspectives for vaccinal strategies and information or awareness campaigns in order to convince the most hesitant participants."
{"title":"DOES VACCINE SCARCITY INFLUENCE THE EFFECT OF CONSPIRACY BELIEFS ON INTENTION TO VACCINATE AGAINST COVID-19?","authors":"J. Bordarie, H. Coillot, Véronique Plichon","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact024","url":null,"abstract":"\"Vaccination against Covid-19, a major public health issue, comes up against many fears that fuel strong vaccine hesitancy, when it is not rejected. The main explanation that is used to explain it is the adherence to conspiracy theories (ACT) (Keeley, 1999). However, the literature provides contradictory results about the ACT effects on compliance with health recommendations (e.g., Allington et al., 2020; Díaz and Cova, 2020; Imhoff & Lamberty, 2020). Furthermore, psychological reactance (PR) (Brehm, 1966) moderates the relationship between ACT and vaccine intentions (Bordarie & Plichon, 2021). In other words, the more individuals adhere to conspiracy theories, the less they have the intention to get vaccinated; and this effect is even stronger when they also are reactant, i.e., they feel their freedom of choice threatened. This study tries to supply a more global model by integrating the perceived scarcity of vaccines as a moderator of the relationship between PR and/or ACT and vaccine intentions. The sample consisted of 715 participants (59.6% female and 40.4% male) with a mean age of 45.17 years (SD = 18.7). The questionnaire included 3 standardised scales, measuring respectively PR (14 items), ACT (5 items), perceived scarcity (4 items) and 2 items measuring vaccine intention. The results confirmed the tools internal consistency. Linear regression analyses confirmed the role of both PR and ACT on vaccine intention. The scarcity does not influence the relationship between PR and intentions, neither the one between ACT and intentions. However, scarcity moderates the link between PR and ACT (p=.02) confirming the highly complex relationship that individuals can have with conspiracy beliefs. The intention to get vaccinated against Covid-19 is under influence of both PR and ACT and we also know that PR moderates the relationship between ACT and intention. The moderating effect of scarcity between PR and ACT testify that the ACT depends on other external variables and could be the consequence of the context, more than a disposition to ACT. Thus, in general we can say that the more reactant people are, the more they adhere to conspiracy theories; but this positive effect is less important when people perceived a higher vaccine scarcity. These results open perspectives for vaccinal strategies and information or awareness campaigns in order to convince the most hesitant participants.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115216952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manon Maillard, N. Combalbert, A. Taillandier-Schmitt
"Sexual violence is a major public health issue today, especially when it involves children, for whom the consequences on development are major. This study is inspired by Pettalia et al.’s (2017) work, as it examines the influence of the juror’s gender on the assessment of the defendant’s guilt and the testimony of a minor who has been the victim of sexual violence. It extends that study by analyzing the effect of the victim’s age, and the type of sexual assault (Sexual Assault involving Touching – CSAT or Sexual Assault involving Penetration) on the judgment. Participants were 388 students (121 men, 267 women; M = 20.54, SD = 1.87) at a French University. They read a fictional account of a child abuse case, involving a young girl who is questioned by the police about the abuse she has been victim of. She describes what her aggressor (her 44-year-old stepfather) did to her while her mother was out working. The accusation involved either CSAT or CSAP, not punished the same way under the French Penal Code. Participants then completed a self-report questionnaire about the seriousness of the act, the guilt of the defendant, and the plausibility of the victim’s testimony. In line with previous studies, results showed that sexual assault involving penetration was considered more severe than touching and to have more repercussions on the victim’s development. The victim’s age also influenced the participants’ assessment, particularly regarding her honesty and the gravity of the act; adolescents were considered more reliable than children. However, this study revealed differences arising from the juror’s gender; women were more likely than men to assess the defendant negatively and were generally more pro-victim. The major finding is the difference between men and women in relation to the type of abuse; women tended to differentiate less between the two types of abuse than men in terms of seriousness of the act and the honesty of the victim. In terms of application, these findings may be interesting for prosecutors, raising their awareness of the potential biases and attitudes of jurors, and enabling them to limit the effect of judgment bias in these cases that have major consequences on young victims."
{"title":"EFFECT OF MOCK JUROR GENDER ON THE JUDGMENT OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE","authors":"Manon Maillard, N. Combalbert, A. Taillandier-Schmitt","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact027","url":null,"abstract":"\"Sexual violence is a major public health issue today, especially when it involves children, for whom the consequences on development are major. This study is inspired by Pettalia et al.’s (2017) work, as it examines the influence of the juror’s gender on the assessment of the defendant’s guilt and the testimony of a minor who has been the victim of sexual violence. It extends that study by analyzing the effect of the victim’s age, and the type of sexual assault (Sexual Assault involving Touching – CSAT or Sexual Assault involving Penetration) on the judgment. Participants were 388 students (121 men, 267 women; M = 20.54, SD = 1.87) at a French University. They read a fictional account of a child abuse case, involving a young girl who is questioned by the police about the abuse she has been victim of. She describes what her aggressor (her 44-year-old stepfather) did to her while her mother was out working. The accusation involved either CSAT or CSAP, not punished the same way under the French Penal Code. Participants then completed a self-report questionnaire about the seriousness of the act, the guilt of the defendant, and the plausibility of the victim’s testimony. In line with previous studies, results showed that sexual assault involving penetration was considered more severe than touching and to have more repercussions on the victim’s development. The victim’s age also influenced the participants’ assessment, particularly regarding her honesty and the gravity of the act; adolescents were considered more reliable than children. However, this study revealed differences arising from the juror’s gender; women were more likely than men to assess the defendant negatively and were generally more pro-victim. The major finding is the difference between men and women in relation to the type of abuse; women tended to differentiate less between the two types of abuse than men in terms of seriousness of the act and the honesty of the victim. In terms of application, these findings may be interesting for prosecutors, raising their awareness of the potential biases and attitudes of jurors, and enabling them to limit the effect of judgment bias in these cases that have major consequences on young victims.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121675752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The pandemic period of covid-19 has been a time marked by serious declines in quality of life, affecting pervasively not only physical health but also psychological well-being. The purpose of the study was to examine the state and interrelations of the three following variables – quality of life, meaningfulness of life and the psychologically-based physical immunity. It was hypothesized that all three variables will be positively interrelated and that quality of life will fulfill a focal role in this triad of variables. The sample included 230 individuals who responded to an unanimously administered which included the following three questionnaires (all with confirmed satisfactory reliability and validity): the multidimensional quality of life inventory, the meaning-based meaningfulness of life questionnaire, and the cognitive orientation of health questionnaire. The result showed that all three variables were intercorrelated positively. The highest correlations were obtained for quality of life and meaningfulness of life. The cognitive orientation of health appears to be affected more directly by quality of life, and by meaningfulness of life more indirectly through the relation of the latter with quality of life. The impact of covid-19 on the finings was relatively limited. A major conclusion is that that the basic structure of the three variables was maintained preserving their supportive role in the psychological system."
{"title":"COVID-19 IMPACT ON MEANINGFULNESS OF LIFE, QUALITY OF LIFE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMMUNITY","authors":"S. Kreitler, Muhammad Badarnee","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact007","url":null,"abstract":"\"The pandemic period of covid-19 has been a time marked by serious declines in quality of life, affecting pervasively not only physical health but also psychological well-being. The purpose of the study was to examine the state and interrelations of the three following variables – quality of life, meaningfulness of life and the psychologically-based physical immunity. It was hypothesized that all three variables will be positively interrelated and that quality of life will fulfill a focal role in this triad of variables. The sample included 230 individuals who responded to an unanimously administered which included the following three questionnaires (all with confirmed satisfactory reliability and validity): the multidimensional quality of life inventory, the meaning-based meaningfulness of life questionnaire, and the cognitive orientation of health questionnaire. The result showed that all three variables were intercorrelated positively. The highest correlations were obtained for quality of life and meaningfulness of life. The cognitive orientation of health appears to be affected more directly by quality of life, and by meaningfulness of life more indirectly through the relation of the latter with quality of life. The impact of covid-19 on the finings was relatively limited. A major conclusion is that that the basic structure of the three variables was maintained preserving their supportive role in the psychological system.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125643544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah El Archi, P. Brunault, Arnaud de Luca, R. Hankard, C. Bourbao-Tournois, N. Ballon, S. Barrault
"Background and objective: Both food addiction (FA) and adult ADHD symptomatology have a significant impact on quality of life (QOL), which in turn may affect bariatric surgery outcomes in the context of severe obesity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between FA, ADHD symptomatology and QOL in the specific population of bariatric surgery candidates. Method: Three hundred and twenty-two adult bariatric surgery candidates were recruited during the systematic preoperative psychiatric assessment. The participants completed questionnaires assessing body mass index (BMI), QOL (QOL-Obesity, and Dietetics rating scale, QOLOD), FA (YFAS 2.0), and adult ADHD symptoms (ASRS). Results: Prevalence for FA and significant adult ADHD symptoms were 26.7% and 9% respectively. All QOL dimensions were negatively correlated with FA and adult ADHD symptoms. The age, the ASRS, and YFAS 2.0 scores independently predicted the QOL score. The participants with FA had significantly lower QOL scores on the five dimensions of the QOLOD. The participants with adult ADHD symptoms had significantly lower scores on the physical and psycho-social QOL dimensions only. Discussion: This study supports the hypothesis of FA and ADHD symptoms are associated with poorer QOL, in bariatric surgery candidates. Because they affect QOL and poorer surgery outcomes, investigation, and management of FA and ADHD symptoms may be interesting clinical interventions."
{"title":"FOOD ADDICTION AND ADULT ADHD SYMPTOMS AMONG BARIATRIC SURGERY CANDIDATES: ARE THEY ASSOCIATED WITH POORER QUALITY OF LIFE?","authors":"Sarah El Archi, P. Brunault, Arnaud de Luca, R. Hankard, C. Bourbao-Tournois, N. Ballon, S. Barrault","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact036","url":null,"abstract":"\"Background and objective: Both food addiction (FA) and adult ADHD symptomatology have a significant impact on quality of life (QOL), which in turn may affect bariatric surgery outcomes in the context of severe obesity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between FA, ADHD symptomatology and QOL in the specific population of bariatric surgery candidates. Method: Three hundred and twenty-two adult bariatric surgery candidates were recruited during the systematic preoperative psychiatric assessment. The participants completed questionnaires assessing body mass index (BMI), QOL (QOL-Obesity, and Dietetics rating scale, QOLOD), FA (YFAS 2.0), and adult ADHD symptoms (ASRS). Results: Prevalence for FA and significant adult ADHD symptoms were 26.7% and 9% respectively. All QOL dimensions were negatively correlated with FA and adult ADHD symptoms. The age, the ASRS, and YFAS 2.0 scores independently predicted the QOL score. The participants with FA had significantly lower QOL scores on the five dimensions of the QOLOD. The participants with adult ADHD symptoms had significantly lower scores on the physical and psycho-social QOL dimensions only. Discussion: This study supports the hypothesis of FA and ADHD symptoms are associated with poorer QOL, in bariatric surgery candidates. Because they affect QOL and poorer surgery outcomes, investigation, and management of FA and ADHD symptoms may be interesting clinical interventions.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134292351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Success in the transition from higher education to work is influenced by an array of factors associated with the individual, his/her context, as well as their interaction. The Social Cognitive Transition-to-Work (SCTW) Model conceptually organizes the complexity of this transition and provides directions for research in this area. Previous longitudinal studies based on SCTW Model have shown that transition-to-work self-efficacy predicts several career success indicators. Among these, career satisfaction, salary and job satisfaction may be identified. Bandura´s Social Cognitive Theory identifies self-efficacy sources. When the transition-to-work process is considered, career exploration and social support are identified as potential self-efficacy sources. The present study aims to assess if career exploration and social support are associated with transition-to-work self-efficacy. Three-hundred and thirty-seven final year undergraduate students from a Public Higher Education in Northern Portugal participated in the study (67% female; median age = 23; standard deviation = ±7). Career Exploration was measured with a 7-items Likert-type scale. Social Support was measured with a 22-items Likert-type scale distributed in three dimensions: family, teachers and peers. Transition-to-Work Self-efficacy was measured with a 28-items Likert-type scale that includes three dimensions: job-search behaviours, job-search emotional regulation and adaptation-to-work. All measures presented adequate reliability values. As expected, results showed moderate to large positive associations among career exploration, social support and transition-to-work self-efficacy. The regression analysis model explained 32% of the variance. The strongest transition-to-work self-efficacy predictors were family social support and career exploration. These results highlight key transition-to-work contextual factors that have implications for both intervention and research in the career domain. Higher education institutions may plan and implement psycho-educational interventions to develop transition-to-work self-efficacy among higher education students. Namely, considering that career exploration may act as a self-efficacy source, creating ways to improve career exploration probably will enhance students’ transition-to-work self-efficacy. In terms of research, results gave support to the Social Cognitive Transition-to-Work (SCTW) Model as a useful conceptual tool to further guide future research."
{"title":"SOURCES OF TRANSITION-TO-WORK SELF-EFFICACY: CAREER EXPLORATION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT","authors":"D. Vieira, Viviana Mei","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact025","url":null,"abstract":"\"Success in the transition from higher education to work is influenced by an array of factors associated with the individual, his/her context, as well as their interaction. The Social Cognitive Transition-to-Work (SCTW) Model conceptually organizes the complexity of this transition and provides directions for research in this area. Previous longitudinal studies based on SCTW Model have shown that transition-to-work self-efficacy predicts several career success indicators. Among these, career satisfaction, salary and job satisfaction may be identified. Bandura´s Social Cognitive Theory identifies self-efficacy sources. When the transition-to-work process is considered, career exploration and social support are identified as potential self-efficacy sources. The present study aims to assess if career exploration and social support are associated with transition-to-work self-efficacy. Three-hundred and thirty-seven final year undergraduate students from a Public Higher Education in Northern Portugal participated in the study (67% female; median age = 23; standard deviation = ±7). Career Exploration was measured with a 7-items Likert-type scale. Social Support was measured with a 22-items Likert-type scale distributed in three dimensions: family, teachers and peers. Transition-to-Work Self-efficacy was measured with a 28-items Likert-type scale that includes three dimensions: job-search behaviours, job-search emotional regulation and adaptation-to-work. All measures presented adequate reliability values. As expected, results showed moderate to large positive associations among career exploration, social support and transition-to-work self-efficacy. The regression analysis model explained 32% of the variance. The strongest transition-to-work self-efficacy predictors were family social support and career exploration. These results highlight key transition-to-work contextual factors that have implications for both intervention and research in the career domain. Higher education institutions may plan and implement psycho-educational interventions to develop transition-to-work self-efficacy among higher education students. Namely, considering that career exploration may act as a self-efficacy source, creating ways to improve career exploration probably will enhance students’ transition-to-work self-efficacy. In terms of research, results gave support to the Social Cognitive Transition-to-Work (SCTW) Model as a useful conceptual tool to further guide future research.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115406641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Episodic or episodic-autobiographical memory is considered to be a significant attribute of human cognition, depending on autonoetic consciousness and allowing mental time travel into past and future. Furthermore, episodic memory is embedded in an appraisal system, in which individual episodes are evaluated. We used patients with a condition of ‘dissociative amnesia’ in order to study interdependencies between emotion and memory. Dissociative amnesia leads to a blockade of retrieving episodic memories, while the retrieval of general knowledge (“semantic memory”) is still possible usually. Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of dissociative amnesia were investigated neuropsychologically. Sixteen of them were subjected to fluor-positron-emission-tomography to study possible changes in their brain. Main questions were (a) in what ways their old – “forgotten” – memories differ from newly acquired ones, and (b) what are possible brain mechanisms leading to the dichotomy between emotional and non-emotional memory retrieval, respectively failure of retrieval. Results indicate that the forgotten or blocked personal memories are much more complex and self-centered than the semantic ones and require more effort for retrieval. Furthermore, blocked memories seem to remain in a subconscious, disconnected state, hindering the proper association between cognition and emotion. It was found that the failure of episodic retrieval is accompanied by a dysfunction or desynchronization between emotion- and fact-processing regions of the brain."
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF A SYNCHRONY BETWEEN EMOTION AND MEMORY – CASES WITH DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA","authors":"H. Markowitsch, A. Staniloiu","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact010","url":null,"abstract":"\"Episodic or episodic-autobiographical memory is considered to be a significant attribute of human cognition, depending on autonoetic consciousness and allowing mental time travel into past and future. Furthermore, episodic memory is embedded in an appraisal system, in which individual episodes are evaluated. We used patients with a condition of ‘dissociative amnesia’ in order to study interdependencies between emotion and memory. Dissociative amnesia leads to a blockade of retrieving episodic memories, while the retrieval of general knowledge (“semantic memory”) is still possible usually. Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of dissociative amnesia were investigated neuropsychologically. Sixteen of them were subjected to fluor-positron-emission-tomography to study possible changes in their brain. Main questions were (a) in what ways their old – “forgotten” – memories differ from newly acquired ones, and (b) what are possible brain mechanisms leading to the dichotomy between emotional and non-emotional memory retrieval, respectively failure of retrieval. Results indicate that the forgotten or blocked personal memories are much more complex and self-centered than the semantic ones and require more effort for retrieval. Furthermore, blocked memories seem to remain in a subconscious, disconnected state, hindering the proper association between cognition and emotion. It was found that the failure of episodic retrieval is accompanied by a dysfunction or desynchronization between emotion- and fact-processing regions of the brain.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124890978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This presentation focuses on the stressors of helpers and aid workers who are confronted with trauma of refugees. Based on empirical data, I want to provide a closer look at these specific stressors. About the background: According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there are currently nearly 26.4 million refugees, about half of them are under the age of 18. A majority of them have been exposed to multiple traumatic experiences, such as internal displacement, extreme violence, and torture. Meeting the needs of this vulnerable group is a major challenge for host countries and is often covered by professional helpers or volunteers. Since helpers are repeatedly confronted with severe trauma of the primary victims, they often are affected themselves. The effect of secondary trauma stress is already established in scientific literature and documented in the DSM-5. What is still lacking in terms of conceptualization are two main aspects: Firstly, traumatized refugees do not only suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but their traumatization is much more complex. Clinical trauma research often runs the risk to cut the consequences of war and flight too short. According to this, I would like to introduce the concept of sequential traumatization as an alternative approach for understanding traumatization in this context. Originally coming from a study of holocaust survivors, it describes trauma as an ongoing and long-lasting process and thus contrasts with the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder. Among other aspects the formulation of sequential traumatization integrates decreased resilience, cultural as well as socio-economical aspects of trauma. And secondly, refugee helpers are therefore not only confronted with primary victim PTSD, but also the more complex form of sequential trauma. That means, their stressors cannot be separated from a range of socio-political and societal conditions. The Helpers may face secondary sequential traumatic stress (SSTS). Our research question focuses on these specific stressors caused by confrontation with sequential trauma. Eighteen interviews were conducted with supporters in the context of flight and asylum. According to our results helpers have to deal with fears, excessive demands as well as with feelings of guilt, ambiguities of hope and despair and the endurance of uncertainty and injustice. In addition to empathy and direct confrontation with trauma, it is above all social approaches and political decisions that make supporters feel angry, powerless and helpless in the context of war, flight and, asylum."
{"title":"“NO POST-TRAUMA AFTER TRAUMA?” A QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH REFUGEE HELPERS BEING CONFRONTED WITH SEQUENTIAL TRAUMATIZATION","authors":"Beate Rohrer","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact101","url":null,"abstract":"\"This presentation focuses on the stressors of helpers and aid workers who are confronted with trauma of refugees. Based on empirical data, I want to provide a closer look at these specific stressors. About the background: According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there are currently nearly 26.4 million refugees, about half of them are under the age of 18. A majority of them have been exposed to multiple traumatic experiences, such as internal displacement, extreme violence, and torture. Meeting the needs of this vulnerable group is a major challenge for host countries and is often covered by professional helpers or volunteers. Since helpers are repeatedly confronted with severe trauma of the primary victims, they often are affected themselves. The effect of secondary trauma stress is already established in scientific literature and documented in the DSM-5. What is still lacking in terms of conceptualization are two main aspects: Firstly, traumatized refugees do not only suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but their traumatization is much more complex. Clinical trauma research often runs the risk to cut the consequences of war and flight too short. According to this, I would like to introduce the concept of sequential traumatization as an alternative approach for understanding traumatization in this context. Originally coming from a study of holocaust survivors, it describes trauma as an ongoing and long-lasting process and thus contrasts with the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder. Among other aspects the formulation of sequential traumatization integrates decreased resilience, cultural as well as socio-economical aspects of trauma. And secondly, refugee helpers are therefore not only confronted with primary victim PTSD, but also the more complex form of sequential trauma. That means, their stressors cannot be separated from a range of socio-political and societal conditions. The Helpers may face secondary sequential traumatic stress (SSTS). Our research question focuses on these specific stressors caused by confrontation with sequential trauma. Eighteen interviews were conducted with supporters in the context of flight and asylum. According to our results helpers have to deal with fears, excessive demands as well as with feelings of guilt, ambiguities of hope and despair and the endurance of uncertainty and injustice. In addition to empathy and direct confrontation with trauma, it is above all social approaches and political decisions that make supporters feel angry, powerless and helpless in the context of war, flight and, asylum.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124175179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Music is a divine power and universal language that can be understood by non professionals also. Music is one of the most mystical powers that can affect the individual without getting noticed and can hypnotise to act accordingly or can have an amazing impact on mood, mind, personality and behaviour. This proposed research paper would reveal how listening of music can impact individual’s personality according to the inclination of music depending on gender (male/female). The result was, an eye opener to the fact that listening of music as therapy has main relation to the one’s personality and each individual ’s choice of music is the reflection of their personality unlike its dependency on gender aspect."
{"title":"IMPACT OF MUSIC THERAPY IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Shveata Mishra, Ina Shastri","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact054","url":null,"abstract":"\"Music is a divine power and universal language that can be understood by non professionals also. Music is one of the most mystical powers that can affect the individual without getting noticed and can hypnotise to act accordingly or can have an amazing impact on mood, mind, personality and behaviour. This proposed research paper would reveal how listening of music can impact individual’s personality according to the inclination of music depending on gender (male/female). The result was, an eye opener to the fact that listening of music as therapy has main relation to the one’s personality and each individual ’s choice of music is the reflection of their personality unlike its dependency on gender aspect.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125157248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：