"Education level and work duration are some of the factors that may enhance one’s understanding of the phenomena in their work environment. Specific improvements include comprehending other people’s perspectives, capably managing emotions, and espousing a receptive attitude. To examine these occurrences, a study was conducted involving 66 navy personnel from different academic backgrounds. Results showed that the education level of the participants contributed to 8.4% of the variance in cognitive empathy and 8.5% of the variance in emotion regulation. Navy personnel who scored high in terms of educational attainment also had high scores in cognitive empathy and emotion regulation. However, such effects were not found with respect to affective empathy. Work duration had no effect on the three dependent variables (cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and emotion regulation). This study’s outcomes may help us reflect on the reality that education level may help enhance our capacity and ability to regulate emotions. The findings were thoroughly discussed in comparison with past studies and relevant theories, with a focus on the personnel of a naval base located in Sepanggar, Kota Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia."
{"title":"DO THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES CONTRIBUTE TO EMOTION REGULATION AND EMPATHY AMONG NAVY PERSONNEL?","authors":"G. C. A. Gang","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact080","url":null,"abstract":"\"Education level and work duration are some of the factors that may enhance one’s understanding of the phenomena in their work environment. Specific improvements include comprehending other people’s perspectives, capably managing emotions, and espousing a receptive attitude. To examine these occurrences, a study was conducted involving 66 navy personnel from different academic backgrounds. Results showed that the education level of the participants contributed to 8.4% of the variance in cognitive empathy and 8.5% of the variance in emotion regulation. Navy personnel who scored high in terms of educational attainment also had high scores in cognitive empathy and emotion regulation. However, such effects were not found with respect to affective empathy. Work duration had no effect on the three dependent variables (cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and emotion regulation). This study’s outcomes may help us reflect on the reality that education level may help enhance our capacity and ability to regulate emotions. The findings were thoroughly discussed in comparison with past studies and relevant theories, with a focus on the personnel of a naval base located in Sepanggar, Kota Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124880978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daria Kamińska, J. Orzechowski, Anna Siwy-Hudowska
"There are many schools of couple therapy, but none has emerged yet that would clearly dominate the rest. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly search for new therapeutic practices and verify them in empirical research. The purpose of this study was to check the link between women’s self-esteem and their satisfaction in a relationship and well-being. Attempts have also been made to verify if there is a correlation between relationship satisfaction and well-being, and with the components of love: intimacy, passion and commitment (IPC). There were 116 women, aged 19 to 45, in a heterosexual, romantic relationship who participated in the study. A self-developed questionnaire was used to identify the phases of the relationship, as well as Polish adaptations of tools measuring self-esteem, life and relationship satisfaction. The results indicate a positive correlation between the level of women's self-esteem and their well-being (strong) and relationship satisfaction (moderate). Results confirming a positive correlation between women’s relationship and life satisfaction and strong positive correlations between love components and relationship satisfaction were also obtained. Moderate correlations between self-esteem and its subscales were also established: self-liking and a self-competence with intimacy. There was also a positive correlation of self-acceptance with the sum of the components of love as well as of passion and intimacy with well-being. Additionally, a positive relationship was found between self-esteem and self-acceptance subscale and life satisfaction. The data from regression analysis showed that the predictors of life satisfaction are self-esteem, relationship satisfaction and the sum of the love components. The results of this study contribute to research on close relationships, as well as to the therapeutic practice of couples. They can also have a practical dimension for individual psychological or therapeutic help. There is a chance that by developing self-esteem, as well as intimacy and passion in a client’s relationship, the therapist will not only enable her to increase satisfaction with the relationship, but also with life."
{"title":"WHAT COMPONENTS SHOULD BE STRENGTHENED BY WORKING WITH A COUPLE TO INCREASE THEIR RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION AND THEIR WELL-BEING?","authors":"Daria Kamińska, J. Orzechowski, Anna Siwy-Hudowska","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact032","url":null,"abstract":"\"There are many schools of couple therapy, but none has emerged yet that would clearly dominate the rest. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly search for new therapeutic practices and verify them in empirical research. The purpose of this study was to check the link between women’s self-esteem and their satisfaction in a relationship and well-being. Attempts have also been made to verify if there is a correlation between relationship satisfaction and well-being, and with the components of love: intimacy, passion and commitment (IPC). There were 116 women, aged 19 to 45, in a heterosexual, romantic relationship who participated in the study. A self-developed questionnaire was used to identify the phases of the relationship, as well as Polish adaptations of tools measuring self-esteem, life and relationship satisfaction. The results indicate a positive correlation between the level of women's self-esteem and their well-being (strong) and relationship satisfaction (moderate). Results confirming a positive correlation between women’s relationship and life satisfaction and strong positive correlations between love components and relationship satisfaction were also obtained. Moderate correlations between self-esteem and its subscales were also established: self-liking and a self-competence with intimacy. There was also a positive correlation of self-acceptance with the sum of the components of love as well as of passion and intimacy with well-being. Additionally, a positive relationship was found between self-esteem and self-acceptance subscale and life satisfaction. The data from regression analysis showed that the predictors of life satisfaction are self-esteem, relationship satisfaction and the sum of the love components. The results of this study contribute to research on close relationships, as well as to the therapeutic practice of couples. They can also have a practical dimension for individual psychological or therapeutic help. There is a chance that by developing self-esteem, as well as intimacy and passion in a client’s relationship, the therapist will not only enable her to increase satisfaction with the relationship, but also with life.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127734400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Insomnia is one of the second most common mental disorders and is one of the primary risk factors for developing depression. The global prevalence of insomnia symptoms ranges from 30-35% and the course of the disease is often chronic. Clinically significant insomnia is reported by 10–23% of college students. Sleep deprivation among college students has been associated with increased alcohol consumption, a higher incidence of somatic illness, risky sexual behavior, and traffic accidents. Researchers have identified significant heterogeneity in the clinical and biomarker characteristics of insomnia leading to subtypes without sufficient validity. The Dutch Insomnia Type Questionnaire (Blanken et al., 2019) aims to identify robust subtypes and thus reduce heterogeneity among insomnia. The aim of our research is to adapt the Insomnia Type Questionnaire into the Czech sociocultural environment and verification of its psychometric characteristics and mapping of subtypes of insomnia. The identification of insomnia subtypes is a potential benefit for clinical practice, as it could allow the selection of high-risk individuals for early preventive intervention. Reducing previously unrecognized insomnia heterogeneity through subtyping can then help elucidate the mechanisms of insomnia and the development of personalized insomnia treatment."
“失眠是第二常见的精神障碍之一，也是导致抑郁症的主要风险因素之一。失眠症状的全球患病率在30-35%之间，病程通常是慢性的。据报道，10-23%的大学生有明显的临床失眠症。大学生睡眠不足与饮酒增加、躯体疾病发病率升高、危险性行为和交通事故有关。研究人员已经确定了失眠的临床和生物标志物特征的显著异质性，导致亚型，但没有足够的有效性。荷兰失眠类型问卷(Blanken et al.， 2019)旨在确定稳健的亚型，从而减少失眠之间的异质性。我们的研究目的是使失眠类型问卷适应捷克的社会文化环境，并验证其心理测量特征和失眠亚型的映射。识别失眠亚型对临床实践有潜在的好处，因为它可以选择高风险个体进行早期预防干预。通过分型减少以前未被认识到的失眠异质性可以帮助阐明失眠的机制和个性化失眠治疗的发展。”
{"title":"VERIFICATION OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE INSOMNIA TYPE QUESTIONNAIRE (ITQ) IN THE CZECH POPULATION","authors":"V. Dacerova, K. Bartošová, V. Vesela","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact037","url":null,"abstract":"\"Insomnia is one of the second most common mental disorders and is one of the primary risk factors for developing depression. The global prevalence of insomnia symptoms ranges from 30-35% and the course of the disease is often chronic. Clinically significant insomnia is reported by 10–23% of college students. Sleep deprivation among college students has been associated with increased alcohol consumption, a higher incidence of somatic illness, risky sexual behavior, and traffic accidents. Researchers have identified significant heterogeneity in the clinical and biomarker characteristics of insomnia leading to subtypes without sufficient validity. The Dutch Insomnia Type Questionnaire (Blanken et al., 2019) aims to identify robust subtypes and thus reduce heterogeneity among insomnia. The aim of our research is to adapt the Insomnia Type Questionnaire into the Czech sociocultural environment and verification of its psychometric characteristics and mapping of subtypes of insomnia. The identification of insomnia subtypes is a potential benefit for clinical practice, as it could allow the selection of high-risk individuals for early preventive intervention. Reducing previously unrecognized insomnia heterogeneity through subtyping can then help elucidate the mechanisms of insomnia and the development of personalized insomnia treatment.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116984953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sgaramella, L. Ferrari, Margherita Bortoluzzi, Grazia Barbara Conti
"Research studies suggest the importance of some developmental assets in promoting positive youth development: studies on Social and Emotional Learning have shown the benefits of acquiring these competencies on academic performance and well-being. In addition, future orientation emerged as a dimension that impacts on nonadaptive behaviors and educational performance but also on the agency they recognize themselves over their life trajectory and goals, reach greater academic achievement. Limited evidence is available on the role of and relationships between the developmental assets mentioned in primary school children. The study aims to deepen our understanding on how do these developmental assets vary in primary school children and what are the relationships between Social Emotional Competences that primary school children recognize themselves and both school engagement and future orientation. Data collected in a psychoeducational action promoted by the PSSmile project (Social-Emotional Capacity Building in Primary Education, http://smile.emundus.lt/) were used to address these questions. A hundred and fifty four, 8 to 11 years old, primary school students participated in the study. Direct and indirect, qualitative and quantitative tools have been used to address the study issues. The analyses confirm the specific patterns that characterize the two age groups. Specific relationships and patterns of association emerge between main dimensions of Social Emotional Competences, Positive Experiences and belonging at school, and Future Orientation. The need to address these issues early in primary school and understand the variability that may lead to vulnerability in the development emerge, and, stemming also from current societal challenges and consequences of the global pandemic, to promote educational and prevention actions."
{"title":"SOCIO-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT AND FUTURE ORIENTATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN","authors":"T. Sgaramella, L. Ferrari, Margherita Bortoluzzi, Grazia Barbara Conti","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact016","url":null,"abstract":"\"Research studies suggest the importance of some developmental assets in promoting positive youth development: studies on Social and Emotional Learning have shown the benefits of acquiring these competencies on academic performance and well-being. In addition, future orientation emerged as a dimension that impacts on nonadaptive behaviors and educational performance but also on the agency they recognize themselves over their life trajectory and goals, reach greater academic achievement. Limited evidence is available on the role of and relationships between the developmental assets mentioned in primary school children. The study aims to deepen our understanding on how do these developmental assets vary in primary school children and what are the relationships between Social Emotional Competences that primary school children recognize themselves and both school engagement and future orientation. Data collected in a psychoeducational action promoted by the PSSmile project (Social-Emotional Capacity Building in Primary Education, http://smile.emundus.lt/) were used to address these questions. A hundred and fifty four, 8 to 11 years old, primary school students participated in the study. Direct and indirect, qualitative and quantitative tools have been used to address the study issues. The analyses confirm the specific patterns that characterize the two age groups. Specific relationships and patterns of association emerge between main dimensions of Social Emotional Competences, Positive Experiences and belonging at school, and Future Orientation. The need to address these issues early in primary school and understand the variability that may lead to vulnerability in the development emerge, and, stemming also from current societal challenges and consequences of the global pandemic, to promote educational and prevention actions.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123976804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This paper demonstrates how Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) can generate powerful educational interventions. Our multiple well-controlled studies include typically-developing children between 2 and 8 years of age as well as children with variations of language disorders and with ages between 4 and 12 years. Despite the wide variation in participant characteristics, we argue that our results demonstrate again and again a core conclusion: Rapid progress in language, literacy, and narrative skills only occurs when there is a favorable dynamic convergence of cognitive readiness, scaffolding partner strategies, positive emotional engagement by child and by partner, high attention, and freedom from distraction or anxiety. We term such favorable dynamic convergences Dynamic Tricky Mixes. Under such Dynamic Tricky Mix conditions children displayed significant advances in literacy, oral language, narrative, and sign language. Other labs have shown similar advances for second language learning. Moreover, and quite surprising, under rigorous equation of Learning Condition Mixes during intervention, children with prior histories of very poor learning learned at rates matching that of children with no prior learning disabilities. This result held for deaf, autistic, dyslexic, and language-delayed children. These excellent learning rates by the children with severe learning disabilities will aid in planning more ambitious reforms in the language-and literacy-facilitating procedures of educators, special educators, and speech language pathologists. In addition, across all educational domains Dynamic Tricky Mix strategies are powerful catalysts for moving any child from a ""stuck"" position toward truly rapid learning. We draw further implications from our rapid vocabulary acquisition intervention work with ordinary 4-year-olds. In this case we demonstrated that with twice-weekly sessions vocabulary growth across 5 months leaped forward compared with matched control children. Many children learned at the astonishing rate of 20 new lexical items per hour. By the use of pretest/posttest comparison data on cognitive processes we further demonstrate that the experimentally-caused leap in vocabulary had cascading effects on improved memory and related cognitive skills. Thus, rapid gains by the intervention children dynamically fed into their becoming better prepared for further rapid gains in language acquisition. In turn, this set of findings enriches accounts at the theoretical level of how so much language learning usually can be achieved in the preschool years. Likewise, in evolutionary terms these kinds of mutual enhancements between language progress and cognitive processing power may help elucidate periods when there are explosive rates of changes in Hominin cultures and in brain size and capacity."
{"title":"EDUCATIONAL ADVANCES ACROSS ALL LANGUAGE DOMAINS: RESULTS AND EXTENSIONS FROM THE DYNAMIC TRICKY MIX MODEL","authors":"K. Nelson","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact014","url":null,"abstract":"\"This paper demonstrates how Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) can generate powerful educational interventions. Our multiple well-controlled studies include typically-developing children between 2 and 8 years of age as well as children with variations of language disorders and with ages between 4 and 12 years. Despite the wide variation in participant characteristics, we argue that our results demonstrate again and again a core conclusion: Rapid progress in language, literacy, and narrative skills only occurs when there is a favorable dynamic convergence of cognitive readiness, scaffolding partner strategies, positive emotional engagement by child and by partner, high attention, and freedom from distraction or anxiety. We term such favorable dynamic convergences Dynamic Tricky Mixes. Under such Dynamic Tricky Mix conditions children displayed significant advances in literacy, oral language, narrative, and sign language. Other labs have shown similar advances for second language learning. Moreover, and quite surprising, under rigorous equation of Learning Condition Mixes during intervention, children with prior histories of very poor learning learned at rates matching that of children with no prior learning disabilities. This result held for deaf, autistic, dyslexic, and language-delayed children. These excellent learning rates by the children with severe learning disabilities will aid in planning more ambitious reforms in the language-and literacy-facilitating procedures of educators, special educators, and speech language pathologists. In addition, across all educational domains Dynamic Tricky Mix strategies are powerful catalysts for moving any child from a \"\"stuck\"\" position toward truly rapid learning. We draw further implications from our rapid vocabulary acquisition intervention work with ordinary 4-year-olds. In this case we demonstrated that with twice-weekly sessions vocabulary growth across 5 months leaped forward compared with matched control children. Many children learned at the astonishing rate of 20 new lexical items per hour. By the use of pretest/posttest comparison data on cognitive processes we further demonstrate that the experimentally-caused leap in vocabulary had cascading effects on improved memory and related cognitive skills. Thus, rapid gains by the intervention children dynamically fed into their becoming better prepared for further rapid gains in language acquisition. In turn, this set of findings enriches accounts at the theoretical level of how so much language learning usually can be achieved in the preschool years. Likewise, in evolutionary terms these kinds of mutual enhancements between language progress and cognitive processing power may help elucidate periods when there are explosive rates of changes in Hominin cultures and in brain size and capacity.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123980290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mitevska, Paulina Tsvetkova, Elitsa Ntountoulaki
"The aim of the study is to identify the content components of the leadership styles in healthcare during COVID 19 crisis. Another goal of the study is to examine the relationship between value preferences and various demographic indicators, such as gender, age, education, position in the hierarchy, length of service and place of residence. The study was conducted among 376 people between February and March 2021 during the COVID 19 crisis. The methodology of B. Bass and B. Avolio -""Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire"" was applied. The instrument was standardized for Bulgarian conditions by S. Karabelyova (Karabelyova S., 2011) and it described the transforming (charismatic) leadership style, the transactional leadership style, and the avoiding (liberal) leadership style. The data was processed via the software programme SPSS - 21 and for the purpose of the analysis descriptive statistics and dispersion analysis have been made. The study assumes that if the sources of changes in leadership styles are known, activities of an organization could be optimized, and the results of their joint activities could be maximized. The data show that demographic indicators differentiate leadership styles to varying degrees."
{"title":"SOURCES OF CHANGES IN LEADERSHIP STYLES IN HEALTHCARE IN BULGARIA DURING COVID 19 CRISIS","authors":"M. Mitevska, Paulina Tsvetkova, Elitsa Ntountoulaki","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact097","url":null,"abstract":"\"The aim of the study is to identify the content components of the leadership styles in healthcare during COVID 19 crisis. Another goal of the study is to examine the relationship between value preferences and various demographic indicators, such as gender, age, education, position in the hierarchy, length of service and place of residence. The study was conducted among 376 people between February and March 2021 during the COVID 19 crisis. The methodology of B. Bass and B. Avolio -\"\"Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire\"\" was applied. The instrument was standardized for Bulgarian conditions by S. Karabelyova (Karabelyova S., 2011) and it described the transforming (charismatic) leadership style, the transactional leadership style, and the avoiding (liberal) leadership style. The data was processed via the software programme SPSS - 21 and for the purpose of the analysis descriptive statistics and dispersion analysis have been made. The study assumes that if the sources of changes in leadership styles are known, activities of an organization could be optimized, and the results of their joint activities could be maximized. The data show that demographic indicators differentiate leadership styles to varying degrees.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121295498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the organizational ethical climate and the level of employees’ acceptance of certain types of corruptive rationalizations. The ethical climate refers to the perception of ethical criteria and practices an organization applies to determine what constitutes acceptable work behavior (Victor & Cullen 1988). Previous studies indicate the link between certain types of organizational ethical climate and employees’ engagement in corruption (Gorsira et al., 2018; Stachowicz-Stanusch and Simha, 2013). Corruptive rationalizations are defined as self-serving attempts to legitimate ethically questionable behavior (Ashforth & Anand, 2003). On an ad hoc sample of 306 employees from different organizations in the Republic of Serbia, an online questionnaire was applied for data collecting on the perception of the organizational ethical climate. ?CQ (Victor & Cullen, 1988) with 36 items was administered to estimate the presence of seven types of ethical climate with Cronbach’s ? ranging between 0.69 to 0.85. Kopter-2 (Majstorovic, 2011; ?= 0.72) with 18 items was applied to measure preference of six corruptive rationalizations measured here – denial illegality, denial responsibility, denial victim, denial injury, social weighting and appeal to higher loyalties. MRA reveals results indicating the perception of an egoistic ethical climate (‘Self-interest’) as a significant predictor of increased preference of four of six types of corruptive rationalizations (denial illegality, denial responsibility, social weighting and appeal to higher loyalties). In addition, increased perception of the ‘Company profit’ climate predicts increased acceptance of the ‘Denial victim’ rationalization. All other types of ethical climate predict either diminished preference for any form of corruptive rationalization or they are unrelated to them. It should be emphasized that ethical climates from the ‘Benevolence’ cluster such as ‘Social responsibility’, ‘Friendship’, and ‘Team interest’ predict rejecting ‘Denial responsibility’, ‘Denial injury’, and ‘Social weighting’ as rationalizations of a corruptive act. It was concluded that some types of ethical climate support corruption. If the typical decision-making criterion in an organization is perceived to be individual and local, and if the dominant ethical criterion is perceived to be egoism, then this organizational context probably generates employees’ acceptance of justification of their corruptive intentions or acts. Results also indicate that ‘Personal morality’ and ‘Organizational rules and regulations’ types of ethical climate are unrelated to the preference of any kind of corruptive rationalization. The importance of organizational interventions, such as promotion of social responsibility, friendship and team interests in the anti-corruption campaign, is discussed."
{"title":"ETHICAL CLIMATE IN ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES ACCEPTANCE OF CORRUPTIVE RATIONALIZATIONS","authors":"N. Majstorović, Ivana B. Petrović","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact098","url":null,"abstract":"\"The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the organizational ethical climate and the level of employees’ acceptance of certain types of corruptive rationalizations. The ethical climate refers to the perception of ethical criteria and practices an organization applies to determine what constitutes acceptable work behavior (Victor & Cullen 1988). Previous studies indicate the link between certain types of organizational ethical climate and employees’ engagement in corruption (Gorsira et al., 2018; Stachowicz-Stanusch and Simha, 2013). Corruptive rationalizations are defined as self-serving attempts to legitimate ethically questionable behavior (Ashforth & Anand, 2003). On an ad hoc sample of 306 employees from different organizations in the Republic of Serbia, an online questionnaire was applied for data collecting on the perception of the organizational ethical climate. ?CQ (Victor & Cullen, 1988) with 36 items was administered to estimate the presence of seven types of ethical climate with Cronbach’s ? ranging between 0.69 to 0.85. Kopter-2 (Majstorovic, 2011; ?= 0.72) with 18 items was applied to measure preference of six corruptive rationalizations measured here – denial illegality, denial responsibility, denial victim, denial injury, social weighting and appeal to higher loyalties. MRA reveals results indicating the perception of an egoistic ethical climate (‘Self-interest’) as a significant predictor of increased preference of four of six types of corruptive rationalizations (denial illegality, denial responsibility, social weighting and appeal to higher loyalties). In addition, increased perception of the ‘Company profit’ climate predicts increased acceptance of the ‘Denial victim’ rationalization. All other types of ethical climate predict either diminished preference for any form of corruptive rationalization or they are unrelated to them. It should be emphasized that ethical climates from the ‘Benevolence’ cluster such as ‘Social responsibility’, ‘Friendship’, and ‘Team interest’ predict rejecting ‘Denial responsibility’, ‘Denial injury’, and ‘Social weighting’ as rationalizations of a corruptive act. It was concluded that some types of ethical climate support corruption. If the typical decision-making criterion in an organization is perceived to be individual and local, and if the dominant ethical criterion is perceived to be egoism, then this organizational context probably generates employees’ acceptance of justification of their corruptive intentions or acts. Results also indicate that ‘Personal morality’ and ‘Organizational rules and regulations’ types of ethical climate are unrelated to the preference of any kind of corruptive rationalization. The importance of organizational interventions, such as promotion of social responsibility, friendship and team interests in the anti-corruption campaign, is discussed.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Background: Morality plays a fundamental role in the functioning of any human society by regulating social interactions and behaviors. Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) led to a major change by proposing pluralist “moralities” with a common ground in all cultures composed of five main moral principles (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Purity). These principles thought to be universal and rooted in the evolutionary past establish the moral system. Nevertheless, the prioritization of moral values stemming from these principles is different across cultures. We thus tested the moral endorsement of these principles in a cross-cultural dataset among a WEIRD society (France), and a non-WEIRD society (Morocco). Method: 150 French (mean age; 28.81±12.70 years) and 152 Moroccans (mean age; 29.94±13.90 years) were recruited online. They first completed the 14 ethnic identity questions of the Quebec version of the Ethnic Identity Measure (MIE). They also completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). Results: The effect of culture on subjects' level of endorsement to moral principles is significant. Moroccans score higher on the moral principles of Loyalty, Authority, and Purity, while French score higher on the moral principles of Care and Fairness. The importance accorded to these principles influences the structure of the moral system of both societies. Discussion: The principles of Care and Fairness correspond to the individualizing foundation because these are all linked to individual rights and that the individual is at the center of moral values. France's moral system draws on more liberal social rules, founded upon individual rights, justice, and the principle of avoiding harm. The principles of Loyalty, Authority, and Purity correspond to the binding foundation. It restricts the liberty of individuals in favor of promoting the interests of the group. Morocco’s moral system supports the regulation of individuals’ egoism by encouraging them to adopt behaviors that facilitate cooperation."
{"title":"UNIVERSALITY AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN MORAL SYSTEMS AMONG WEIRD AND NON-WEIRD SOCIETIES: A CASE STUDY OF FRANCE AND MOROCCO","authors":"Lina Bentahila, R. Fontaine, Valérie Pennequin","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact045","url":null,"abstract":"\"Background: Morality plays a fundamental role in the functioning of any human society by regulating social interactions and behaviors. Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) led to a major change by proposing pluralist “moralities” with a common ground in all cultures composed of five main moral principles (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Purity). These principles thought to be universal and rooted in the evolutionary past establish the moral system. Nevertheless, the prioritization of moral values stemming from these principles is different across cultures. We thus tested the moral endorsement of these principles in a cross-cultural dataset among a WEIRD society (France), and a non-WEIRD society (Morocco). Method: 150 French (mean age; 28.81±12.70 years) and 152 Moroccans (mean age; 29.94±13.90 years) were recruited online. They first completed the 14 ethnic identity questions of the Quebec version of the Ethnic Identity Measure (MIE). They also completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). Results: The effect of culture on subjects' level of endorsement to moral principles is significant. Moroccans score higher on the moral principles of Loyalty, Authority, and Purity, while French score higher on the moral principles of Care and Fairness. The importance accorded to these principles influences the structure of the moral system of both societies. Discussion: The principles of Care and Fairness correspond to the individualizing foundation because these are all linked to individual rights and that the individual is at the center of moral values. France's moral system draws on more liberal social rules, founded upon individual rights, justice, and the principle of avoiding harm. The principles of Loyalty, Authority, and Purity correspond to the binding foundation. It restricts the liberty of individuals in favor of promoting the interests of the group. Morocco’s moral system supports the regulation of individuals’ egoism by encouraging them to adopt behaviors that facilitate cooperation.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The study is based on a participatory, context-informed study that examined the perception of ‘risk’ and ‘protection’ among 30 Bedouin children aged four to five. It was conducted in the Bedouin unrecognized Villages of the Naqab — Southern Israel and utilized photography, drawings ,and verbal explanations. The analysis yielded seven themes representing children’s perceptions of risk and protection. It indicated that children facing extreme adversity were aware of numerous risk conditions, including a lack of infrastructure and the fear of losing their homes, thus adversely affecting their well-being. Children’s insights, and suggested modes of protection, as the study findings reveal, are crucial for promoting children’s welfare."
{"title":"TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING RISK AND PROTECTION PERSPECTIVES OF YOUNG BEDOUIN CHILDREN","authors":"Ibtisam Marey-Sarwan","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact047","url":null,"abstract":"\"The study is based on a participatory, context-informed study that examined the perception of ‘risk’ and ‘protection’ among 30 Bedouin children aged four to five. It was conducted in the Bedouin unrecognized Villages of the Naqab — Southern Israel and utilized photography, drawings ,and verbal explanations. The analysis yielded seven themes representing children’s perceptions of risk and protection. It indicated that children facing extreme adversity were aware of numerous risk conditions, including a lack of infrastructure and the fear of losing their homes, thus adversely affecting their well-being. Children’s insights, and suggested modes of protection, as the study findings reveal, are crucial for promoting children’s welfare.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132606136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized, among other criteria, by the presence of repetitive/stereotypical behavior, interests, or activities, and by difficulties in interpersonal relationships and verbal and non-verbal communication with interference in various areas of functioning, such as intimate relationships and sexuality. Preliminary studies reveal that although most wish to relate to other people on an intimate level, several people with ASD tend to isolate themselves and engage in lonely sexual behaviors. Despite the importance of the subject, few studies have looked at it in depth, nor included the meanings of people with ASD about love relationship and sexuality. The main objective of this study is to explore the experience of love relations and intimacy in teenagers and adults with ASD. The design is qualitative, cross-sectional and exploratory. The study included 22 teenagers and adults diagnosed with ASD (63,6% female), to which a semi-structured interview was applied individually, specifically constructed for this study. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results highlight the presence of three main themes: Love relationships, Sexuality and Sexual education. Understanding the difficulties and needs of people with ASD will enrich assessment and interventions with teenagers and adults in this area, as well as identifying sex education themes and tools adapted to these populations. The main results show that ASD symptoms negatively affect experiences in love/intimate relationships and in their sexuality. In this way, it becomes imperative to develops a more adequate Sex education program directed to the difficulties presented."
{"title":"LOVE AND INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS IN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS","authors":"A. Beato, M. Correia","doi":"10.36315/2022inpact066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2022inpact066","url":null,"abstract":"\"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized, among other criteria, by the presence of repetitive/stereotypical behavior, interests, or activities, and by difficulties in interpersonal relationships and verbal and non-verbal communication with interference in various areas of functioning, such as intimate relationships and sexuality. Preliminary studies reveal that although most wish to relate to other people on an intimate level, several people with ASD tend to isolate themselves and engage in lonely sexual behaviors. Despite the importance of the subject, few studies have looked at it in depth, nor included the meanings of people with ASD about love relationship and sexuality. The main objective of this study is to explore the experience of love relations and intimacy in teenagers and adults with ASD. The design is qualitative, cross-sectional and exploratory. The study included 22 teenagers and adults diagnosed with ASD (63,6% female), to which a semi-structured interview was applied individually, specifically constructed for this study. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results highlight the presence of three main themes: Love relationships, Sexuality and Sexual education. Understanding the difficulties and needs of people with ASD will enrich assessment and interventions with teenagers and adults in this area, as well as identifying sex education themes and tools adapted to these populations. The main results show that ASD symptoms negatively affect experiences in love/intimate relationships and in their sexuality. In this way, it becomes imperative to develops a more adequate Sex education program directed to the difficulties presented.\"","PeriodicalId":120251,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Applications and Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133625455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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