Metal oxides have gained a growing interest in the field of material science owing to their size and shape dependent physiochemical properties. Tin oxide (SnO2) is considered as a multifaceted material with its widespread applications such as oxidation catalysis, energy harvesting, bio-imaging, gas sensing, storage devices and many more. This study reports the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles derived via sol-gel route. To observe the effect of thermal treatment on the grown material, the samples were subjected to calcination at different temperature ranging from 350 °C to 550 °Cfor about 4 hrs. The structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties of Tin oxide were studied by XRD, EDAX, FESEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis respectively. The XRD pattern consists only SnO2 peaks with preferred orientation along (110) plane. The crystallite size increases with higher calcination temperature and is found in the range of 3-15 nm. All the peaks corresponding to SnO2 matches with the standard data indicating the growth of good quality single phase material. Compositional data reveals that that grown material manifested in required stoichiometric ratio of SnO. Scanning electron micrographs show uniform growth of SnO2 nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 10-20 nm. The energy band gap of the SnO2 calculated by optical studies was 3.1eV and 3.0 eV for 450 °Cand 550 °Crespectively. The calculated band gap lies in the visible region of the solar spectrum which could be beneficial for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the SnO2 nanoparticles.
{"title":"Influence of heat treatment on the properties of tin oxide nanoparticles: A potential material for environmental remediation applications","authors":"Manmeet Kaur, Dixit Prasher, Ranjana Sharma","doi":"10.36953/ecj.16482524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.16482524","url":null,"abstract":"Metal oxides have gained a growing interest in the field of material science owing to their size and shape dependent physiochemical properties. Tin oxide (SnO2) is considered as a multifaceted material with its widespread applications such as oxidation catalysis, energy harvesting, bio-imaging, gas sensing, storage devices and many more. This study reports the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles derived via sol-gel route. To observe the effect of thermal treatment on the grown material, the samples were subjected to calcination at different temperature ranging from 350 °C to 550 °Cfor about 4 hrs. The structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties of Tin oxide were studied by XRD, EDAX, FESEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis respectively. The XRD pattern consists only SnO2 peaks with preferred orientation along (110) plane. The crystallite size increases with higher calcination temperature and is found in the range of 3-15 nm. All the peaks corresponding to SnO2 matches with the standard data indicating the growth of good quality single phase material. Compositional data reveals that that grown material manifested in required stoichiometric ratio of SnO. Scanning electron micrographs show uniform growth of SnO2 nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 10-20 nm. The energy band gap of the SnO2 calculated by optical studies was 3.1eV and 3.0 eV for 450 °Cand 550 °Crespectively. The calculated band gap lies in the visible region of the solar spectrum which could be beneficial for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the SnO2 nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caleb Vanlalrinngama, Banshidhar Jha, S. K. Singh, A. Tigga, Bishawajit Kumar, Namata Kumari, M. K. Singh
Rice is the staple food crop for more than half of the world population. Thus, rice varieties enriched with various micronutrients qualifies as a better alternative to combat micronutrient deficiency. The present investigation was undertaken to study the degree and direction of association for grain characters especially grain Zinc (Zn) content and grain Iron (Fe) content in 30 genotypes of rice. The correlation coefficient analysis findings at the phenotypic level were used to determine whether the various traits were correlated with yield and the significance of the relationship among them. This data shows significant positive correlation at the phenotypic and genotypic level for grain yield per plant with days to 50% flowering (0.356 & 0.373), number of panicles per plant (0.340 & 0.522), panicle length (0.293 & 0.356), test weight (0.307 & 0.346) and kernel breadth (0.283 & 0.339). The signs (positive or negative) reflect the consequence of increasing or decreasing one variable over the other. The traits plant height ((-0.399 & -0.410) and kernel L/B ratio (-0.237 & -0.291) showed negative correlation with yield indicating that shorter plants as well as grains having shorter length with more breadth are more likely to produce more yield thus selection should be carried out against height . One possible reason for this could be that in plants with shorter stature have higher nutrient use efficiency and are resistant to lodging. The traits days to 50% flowering, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, and test weight and kernel breadth showed positive correlation indicating that selection towards higher values for these traits would consequently improve the yield. It was also found that the traits Zn and Fe content were positively correlated with each other implying that simultaneous selection of these traits could be done for the purpose of biofortification.
{"title":"Trait association studies in diverse genotypes of rice for their utilization in biofortification","authors":"Caleb Vanlalrinngama, Banshidhar Jha, S. K. Singh, A. Tigga, Bishawajit Kumar, Namata Kumari, M. K. Singh","doi":"10.36953/ecj.14472440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.14472440","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the staple food crop for more than half of the world population. Thus, rice varieties enriched with various micronutrients qualifies as a better alternative to combat micronutrient deficiency. The present investigation was undertaken to study the degree and direction of association for grain characters especially grain Zinc (Zn) content and grain Iron (Fe) content in 30 genotypes of rice. The correlation coefficient analysis findings at the phenotypic level were used to determine whether the various traits were correlated with yield and the significance of the relationship among them. This data shows significant positive correlation at the phenotypic and genotypic level for grain yield per plant with days to 50% flowering (0.356 & 0.373), number of panicles per plant (0.340 & 0.522), panicle length (0.293 & 0.356), test weight (0.307 & 0.346) and kernel breadth (0.283 & 0.339). The signs (positive or negative) reflect the consequence of increasing or decreasing one variable over the other. The traits plant height ((-0.399 & -0.410) and kernel L/B ratio (-0.237 & -0.291) showed negative correlation with yield indicating that shorter plants as well as grains having shorter length with more breadth are more likely to produce more yield thus selection should be carried out against height . One possible reason for this could be that in plants with shorter stature have higher nutrient use efficiency and are resistant to lodging. The traits days to 50% flowering, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, and test weight and kernel breadth showed positive correlation indicating that selection towards higher values for these traits would consequently improve the yield. It was also found that the traits Zn and Fe content were positively correlated with each other implying that simultaneous selection of these traits could be done for the purpose of biofortification.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irrigation has a major role to play in the productivity of winter maize. Precise information about the quantity and quality of irrigation water is the key for higher productivity of winter maize. In the present study attempt has been made to asses the impact of different depth of irrigation water on crop yield and biomass of winter maize using FAO-Aquacrop Model. In the first case crop yield and biomass was simulated for irrigation water depth varied from 20 mm to 80 mm, keeping the irrigation water quality constant. Similarly, in another case the optimum irrigation depth was kept constant and irrigation water quality varied from 1 to 10 ds/m. The simulated crop yield and biomass increases up to 40 cm depth of irrigation water application for all three seasons. When a similar comparison was made for 30 cm depth of irrigation water application the simulated yield reduction was only 0.79%, 2.2% and 2.4 % for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. The analysis suggested that this yield reduction can easily be compromised for saving 10 cm of irrigation water. This study indicated that 30 cm depth of irrigation water is optimum for Winter maize in BurhiGandak river basin of North Bihar In case of deficit irrigation of 20 cm depth of irrigation water application the simulated yield reduced by 14.4 %, 25.4 % and 11.4 % for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. Assessment of response of different quality irrigation water on simulated crop yield and biomass of winter maize using FAO-Aquacrop model suggests that simulated yield was found maximum with 1 ds/m. The reduction in simulated yield with 10 ds/m water quality was observed maximum with a value of 41.3 %, 44.4 % and 38.4 % respectively for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19. FAO-Aquacrop model can be used as an important tool for efficient planning of irrigation water under diminishing water supply and deteriorating water quality.
{"title":"Impact of different quantity and quality of irrigation water on crop yield and biomass of winter maize using FAO-Aqua crop model","authors":"Ravish Chandra, Vipin Chandan, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.36953/ecj.16442523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.16442523","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation has a major role to play in the productivity of winter maize. Precise information about the quantity and quality of irrigation water is the key for higher productivity of winter maize. In the present study attempt has been made to asses the impact of different depth of irrigation water on crop yield and biomass of winter maize using FAO-Aquacrop Model. In the first case crop yield and biomass was simulated for irrigation water depth varied from 20 mm to 80 mm, keeping the irrigation water quality constant. Similarly, in another case the optimum irrigation depth was kept constant and irrigation water quality varied from 1 to 10 ds/m. The simulated crop yield and biomass increases up to 40 cm depth of irrigation water application for all three seasons. When a similar comparison was made for 30 cm depth of irrigation water application the simulated yield reduction was only 0.79%, 2.2% and 2.4 % for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. The analysis suggested that this yield reduction can easily be compromised for saving 10 cm of irrigation water. This study indicated that 30 cm depth of irrigation water is optimum for Winter maize in BurhiGandak river basin of North Bihar In case of deficit irrigation of 20 cm depth of irrigation water application the simulated yield reduced by 14.4 %, 25.4 % and 11.4 % for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. Assessment of response of different quality irrigation water on simulated crop yield and biomass of winter maize using FAO-Aquacrop model suggests that simulated yield was found maximum with 1 ds/m. The reduction in simulated yield with 10 ds/m water quality was observed maximum with a value of 41.3 %, 44.4 % and 38.4 % respectively for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19. FAO-Aquacrop model can be used as an important tool for efficient planning of irrigation water under diminishing water supply and deteriorating water quality.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gowthaman T., Sathees Kumar K., Banjul Bhattacharyya
Recently, trend detection in ambient air pollutants has received a lot of interest, particularly in relation to climatic changes. Air pollutants data that were acquired from monitoring stations from 2015 to 2021 were used in the current investigation. The direction and size of the monotonic trend were determined using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The findings showed that there was significant fluctuation in different parameters over time. According to the study, SO2 and NO2 indicate a slightly increasing tendency with approximate annual concentrations of 6mg/m3 and 40mg/m3, respectively, whereas PM2.5 shows a decreasing trend with an approximate annual concentration of 130mg/m3. For all of Odisha's districts, PM10 exhibits no trend, with annual concentrations of about 90mg/m3. The study found that while NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were significantly over the standard allowed limits while SO2 concentrations were significantly below them. Specific actions are needed to reduce these pollutants' emissions in Odisha.
{"title":"Detecting air pollutants trends using Mann-Kendall tests and Sen’s slope estimates","authors":"Gowthaman T., Sathees Kumar K., Banjul Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.36953/ecj.15062470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.15062470","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, trend detection in ambient air pollutants has received a lot of interest, particularly in relation to climatic changes. Air pollutants data that were acquired from monitoring stations from 2015 to 2021 were used in the current investigation. The direction and size of the monotonic trend were determined using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The findings showed that there was significant fluctuation in different parameters over time. According to the study, SO2 and NO2 indicate a slightly increasing tendency with approximate annual concentrations of 6mg/m3 and 40mg/m3, respectively, whereas PM2.5 shows a decreasing trend with an approximate annual concentration of 130mg/m3. For all of Odisha's districts, PM10 exhibits no trend, with annual concentrations of about 90mg/m3. The study found that while NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were significantly over the standard allowed limits while SO2 concentrations were significantly below them. Specific actions are needed to reduce these pollutants' emissions in Odisha.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thenmozhi M Mani, Sreejith Prasad, Riyola George, Jayabharathi J
Kerala State is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, mainly soil erosion due to changing climatic dynamics in the steep slope. In 2018 and 2019 flood, some districts in Kerala State were affected by significant floods due to extreme and prolonged rainfall, leads to large and small landslides. Malappuram is one of the districts that got affected in 2018 and 2019 flood. Disaster risks are augmented by a critical factor that has been silently rising in the State now, which is change in the land use pattern and practices. Hence, the Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics study was conducted in the selected watersheds (Kakkarathode – Pulikkal and Palathingal) of Malappuram district, and spotted major landslides in the area. The LULC dynamics were carried out in the different time periods like 2013, 2018 and 2020. LISS IV (5.8 m resolution) satellite images were used for the analysis and field visit, to identify the related changes. Accuracy of the classification was evaluated using error matrices and kappa statistics. The overall accuracies for 2013, 2018 and 2020 were 84.93%, 86.21% and 87.5% respectively and the corresponding Kappa values were 0.82, 0.84 and 0.85 which indicates the high accuracy of the classification. The flood has mainly affected Plantation, Paddy and Mixed Plantation which had been decreased during 2018-20 and has resulted in the emergence of more Barren land and Waste Land. LULC helps in identifying the changes in the erosion prone areas. Moreover, erosion hazardous area and its prioritization in applying the soil management and conservation practices can be effectively done using LULC change assessment. Nature based solutions such as planting trees and grasses (like shrubs, vetiver grass etc.), construction of ponds, creation of green walls and assemblage of vegetations can be adopted in the region of high-risk hazardous area depending on the categorized zone.
喀拉拉邦极易受到自然灾害的影响，主要是由于气候动态变化导致的土壤侵蚀。在2018年和2019年的洪水中，由于极端和长期降雨，喀拉拉邦的一些地区遭受了严重的洪水影响，导致大大小小的山体滑坡。马拉普兰是2018年和2019年遭受洪水影响的地区之一。灾害风险增加了一个关键因素，这个因素现在在该州一直在悄然上升，这就是土地使用模式和做法的变化。因此，在马拉普兰地区选定的流域(Kakkarathode - Pulikkal和Palathingal)进行了土地利用和土地覆盖动态研究，并发现了该地区的主要山体滑坡。在2013年、2018年和2020年不同的时间段进行了LULC动态研究。使用LISS IV (5.8 m分辨率)卫星图像进行分析和实地考察，以确定相关变化。使用误差矩阵和kappa统计来评估分类的准确性。2013年、2018年和2020年的总体准确率分别为84.93%、86.21%和87.5%，Kappa值分别为0.82、0.84和0.85，表明分类准确率较高。洪水主要影响人工林、水田和混交林，这些人工林在2018- 2020年减少，导致更多的荒地和荒地出现。LULC有助于识别易受侵蚀地区的变化。利用土地利用价值变化评价可以有效地确定侵蚀危险区及其土壤治理与保持措施的优先级。在高风险危险区区域，根据分类区域的不同，可以采取植树种草(如灌木、香根草等)、建池塘、建绿墙、植被组合等基于自然的解决方案。
{"title":"LULC dynamics and application of nature based solution in high erosion prone areas of Malappuram District","authors":"Thenmozhi M Mani, Sreejith Prasad, Riyola George, Jayabharathi J","doi":"10.36953/ecj.16562529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.16562529","url":null,"abstract":"Kerala State is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, mainly soil erosion due to changing climatic dynamics in the steep slope. In 2018 and 2019 flood, some districts in Kerala State were affected by significant floods due to extreme and prolonged rainfall, leads to large and small landslides. Malappuram is one of the districts that got affected in 2018 and 2019 flood. Disaster risks are augmented by a critical factor that has been silently rising in the State now, which is change in the land use pattern and practices. Hence, the Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics study was conducted in the selected watersheds (Kakkarathode – Pulikkal and Palathingal) of Malappuram district, and spotted major landslides in the area. The LULC dynamics were carried out in the different time periods like 2013, 2018 and 2020. LISS IV (5.8 m resolution) satellite images were used for the analysis and field visit, to identify the related changes. Accuracy of the classification was evaluated using error matrices and kappa statistics. The overall accuracies for 2013, 2018 and 2020 were 84.93%, 86.21% and 87.5% respectively and the corresponding Kappa values were 0.82, 0.84 and 0.85 which indicates the high accuracy of the classification. The flood has mainly affected Plantation, Paddy and Mixed Plantation which had been decreased during 2018-20 and has resulted in the emergence of more Barren land and Waste Land. LULC helps in identifying the changes in the erosion prone areas. Moreover, erosion hazardous area and its prioritization in applying the soil management and conservation practices can be effectively done using LULC change assessment. Nature based solutions such as planting trees and grasses (like shrubs, vetiver grass etc.), construction of ponds, creation of green walls and assemblage of vegetations can be adopted in the region of high-risk hazardous area depending on the categorized zone.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Butterflies are the bio-indicator species for monitoring the health of the ecosystem. A preliminary checklist of the butterfly diversity was prepared by a long-term survey from 2019 to 2022 in varied habitats in the agriculture landscape of the Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University (HPAU), India. The study recorded 77 butterfly species belonging to six families Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Riodinidae. In addition, there are some rare records of butterfly species such as Common Wall (Lasiommata schakra), Dark Blue Tiger (Tirumala septentrionis), Ringed Argus (Callerebia annada) and Pioneer (Belenois aurota). Some butterflies are habitat specific and few also show local migration from high-elevation areas of the surrounding Dhauladhar ranges. The preliminary checklist prepared from the present study was also compared with Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP) located in the similar landscape of the study area. This will help to understand the long-term effect of habitat degradation from human-modified environment and agricultural activities to facilitate effective conservation strategies to protect Himalayan ecosystem.
{"title":"Preliminary checklist of butterfly diversity from the Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India","authors":"Praveen Kumar, Bharti Parmar, Pardeep Kumar","doi":"10.36953/ecj.16492525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.16492525","url":null,"abstract":"Butterflies are the bio-indicator species for monitoring the health of the ecosystem. A preliminary checklist of the butterfly diversity was prepared by a long-term survey from 2019 to 2022 in varied habitats in the agriculture landscape of the Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University (HPAU), India. The study recorded 77 butterfly species belonging to six families Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Riodinidae. In addition, there are some rare records of butterfly species such as Common Wall (Lasiommata schakra), Dark Blue Tiger (Tirumala septentrionis), Ringed Argus (Callerebia annada) and Pioneer (Belenois aurota). Some butterflies are habitat specific and few also show local migration from high-elevation areas of the surrounding Dhauladhar ranges. The preliminary checklist prepared from the present study was also compared with Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP) located in the similar landscape of the study area. This will help to understand the long-term effect of habitat degradation from human-modified environment and agricultural activities to facilitate effective conservation strategies to protect Himalayan ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present experiment was implemented under the Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar which situated at terai region of West Bengal during the autumn-winter season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on 28 highly diversified brinjal genotypes on ten highly important yield and yield attributing traits to assess the extent of involvement of different genetic phenomena in manifestation of important yield related traits and to understand the inter relationship among them to design better selection criteria. Result revealed that there was close proximity in the magnitude among the component of coefficient of variation and these component exhibited high estimates coupled with high heritability for almost all the characters excepting days to first flowers and days to fruit maturity indicated less interference of the environmental factors in the manifestation of these traits. High magnitude of heritability coupled with genetic advance of mean for those character suggested possibility for selecting these characters based on phenotypic performance for further improvement at desired direction. Residual effect from path analysis was 0.1367 at genotypic level which suggested that contribution of the traits under study was approximately 86.5% on yield, argued for appropriate selection of traits for success of present experimental study. From character associationship and path coefficient it was found that expected yield was highly correlated in positive direction with average fruits per plant (0.68 and 0.801), average fruit weight (0.48 and 0.565), numbers of primary branches per plant (0.51 and 0.113); hence, these yield attributing traits were significantly positively related with each other which suggested that simultaneous selective breeding strategy considering these characters for improvement of yield could be rewarding due to their probable conditioning by additive gene action.
{"title":"Evaluation of some promising indigenous brinjal genotypes under terai region of West Bengal","authors":"Amar Biradar, Taru Dumi, Subhamoy Sikder, Shibnath Basfore, Ranjit Chatterjee","doi":"10.36953/ecj.16052507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.16052507","url":null,"abstract":"Present experiment was implemented under the Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar which situated at terai region of West Bengal during the autumn-winter season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on 28 highly diversified brinjal genotypes on ten highly important yield and yield attributing traits to assess the extent of involvement of different genetic phenomena in manifestation of important yield related traits and to understand the inter relationship among them to design better selection criteria. Result revealed that there was close proximity in the magnitude among the component of coefficient of variation and these component exhibited high estimates coupled with high heritability for almost all the characters excepting days to first flowers and days to fruit maturity indicated less interference of the environmental factors in the manifestation of these traits. High magnitude of heritability coupled with genetic advance of mean for those character suggested possibility for selecting these characters based on phenotypic performance for further improvement at desired direction. Residual effect from path analysis was 0.1367 at genotypic level which suggested that contribution of the traits under study was approximately 86.5% on yield, argued for appropriate selection of traits for success of present experimental study. From character associationship and path coefficient it was found that expected yield was highly correlated in positive direction with average fruits per plant (0.68 and 0.801), average fruit weight (0.48 and 0.565), numbers of primary branches per plant (0.51 and 0.113); hence, these yield attributing traits were significantly positively related with each other which suggested that simultaneous selective breeding strategy considering these characters for improvement of yield could be rewarding due to their probable conditioning by additive gene action.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumya T. M., Siddharth Hulmani, None Vignesh, Manjunath Madhukar Mopagar, Akarsh S. V.
The ever-growing demand for food has led to the depletion of natural resources. Water scarcity, land degradation, and climate change are the main factors contributing to declining crop productivity. To address this issue, there is a need to adopt suitable agronomic strategies. Mulching is one way this practice addresses this issue. Since time immemorial, people have been using organic residues as mulching material. Nowadays, people find it cumbersome to utilise crop residues. The development of plastic mulching material overcame this issue due to its easy and plentiful availability. Plastic mulch has its own advantages and disadvantages. In today’s world, the haphazard use of this material has led to the threat of micro plastics. Micro plastics are small in size and escape waste management practices. They contaminate ecosystems, clog the soil pores, enter the food chain, and take a very long time to degrade. So, balanced use of both organic and inorganic materials is the need of the day. This article reviews the benefits of mulching as an agronomic strategy to boost present-day agriculture.
{"title":"Mulching: A diversified and multipurpose input in agriculture","authors":"Soumya T. M., Siddharth Hulmani, None Vignesh, Manjunath Madhukar Mopagar, Akarsh S. V.","doi":"10.36953/ecj.14352435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.14352435","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-growing demand for food has led to the depletion of natural resources. Water scarcity, land degradation, and climate change are the main factors contributing to declining crop productivity. To address this issue, there is a need to adopt suitable agronomic strategies. Mulching is one way this practice addresses this issue. Since time immemorial, people have been using organic residues as mulching material. Nowadays, people find it cumbersome to utilise crop residues. The development of plastic mulching material overcame this issue due to its easy and plentiful availability. Plastic mulch has its own advantages and disadvantages. In today’s world, the haphazard use of this material has led to the threat of micro plastics. Micro plastics are small in size and escape waste management practices. They contaminate ecosystems, clog the soil pores, enter the food chain, and take a very long time to degrade. So, balanced use of both organic and inorganic materials is the need of the day. This article reviews the benefits of mulching as an agronomic strategy to boost present-day agriculture.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experimental trial was conducted at Sorghum Research Centre, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani during kharif 2021 in randomized design with 3 replications. Eighteen parental (B & R) lines were evaluated to study genetic diversities and variability for fifteen yield contributing characters. Among all the eighteen genotypes of parental lines significant differences were observed for yield and its yield contributing traits except total chlorophyll content. Coefficient of variance at phenotypic level showed higher values than at genotypic level among all traits. Coefficient of variance for the traits like chlorophyll stability index (G=23.035, P=23.714), leaf area (G=21.064, P=21.673), 1000 grain weight (G=28.845, P=29.929), fodder yield (G=21.858, P=22.458), grain number per panicle (G=29.564, P=30.158), leaf dry weight (G=29.044, P=29.903) was observed high at both level. Traits like plant height (H=90, GAM=21.041), grain yield (H=86, GAM=29.074), leaf dry weight (H=94, GAM=23.664), leaf area (H=94, GAM=42.17), chlorophyll stability index (H=94, GAM=46.093), grain number per panicle (H=96, GAM=59.703), fodder yield (H=94, GAM=43.823),1000 grain weight (H=92, GAM=52.270) and harvest index (H=84, GAM=32.321) were recorded high heritability with high genetic advancement. Genotype AKR 504, NR 39-15, KR 218, KR 219, PMS 100B, AKMS 90 B and INDORE 12 showed the better performance for all characters thus, should be used for development of hybrids and inbreds in breeding programmes by DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing.
{"title":"Genetic diversity for morphophysiological character studies in rainfed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor[L.] Moench) parental lines","authors":"Manish Chavhan, Laxman Jawale, Ambika More","doi":"10.36953/ecj.14462439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.14462439","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental trial was conducted at Sorghum Research Centre, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani during kharif 2021 in randomized design with 3 replications. Eighteen parental (B & R) lines were evaluated to study genetic diversities and variability for fifteen yield contributing characters. Among all the eighteen genotypes of parental lines significant differences were observed for yield and its yield contributing traits except total chlorophyll content. Coefficient of variance at phenotypic level showed higher values than at genotypic level among all traits. Coefficient of variance for the traits like chlorophyll stability index (G=23.035, P=23.714), leaf area (G=21.064, P=21.673), 1000 grain weight (G=28.845, P=29.929), fodder yield (G=21.858, P=22.458), grain number per panicle (G=29.564, P=30.158), leaf dry weight (G=29.044, P=29.903) was observed high at both level. Traits like plant height (H=90, GAM=21.041), grain yield (H=86, GAM=29.074), leaf dry weight (H=94, GAM=23.664), leaf area (H=94, GAM=42.17), chlorophyll stability index (H=94, GAM=46.093), grain number per panicle (H=96, GAM=59.703), fodder yield (H=94, GAM=43.823),1000 grain weight (H=92, GAM=52.270) and harvest index (H=84, GAM=32.321) were recorded high heritability with high genetic advancement. Genotype AKR 504, NR 39-15, KR 218, KR 219, PMS 100B, AKMS 90 B and INDORE 12 showed the better performance for all characters thus, should be used for development of hybrids and inbreds in breeding programmes by DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The F2 populations of the crossings CO 14 × NDLH 1938 and CO17 × NDLH 1755 were used to investigate variability and heritability studies in order to better understand the gene action involved in each characteristic studied. Morphological data viz., days to first flowering, plant height (cm), number of sympodials, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), ginning outturn (%), upper half mean length (mm), elongation percentage (%) and micronaire value (µg/inch) were all recorded in each plant of both the populations. Studies of heritability and genetic advance as a percent of mean help us determine if a gene is additive or epistatic in nature, and so undergo appropriate breeding programmes for population enhancement. The value of PCV (Phenotypic Coefficient of variation) was always greater than GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) indicating the environment also plays a major role in contributing to the variations. The seed cotton yield per plant alone was shown to exhibit additive gene action with high heritability and strong genetic advance as percent of mean, suggesting that it might be used in direct selection since it is the most important attribute for population development.
{"title":"Evaluation of genetic variability parameters for yield, yield attributes and fibre quality traits in the F2 population of Gossypium hirsutum L.","authors":"Keerthivarman Krishnan, Subhashini Selvaraj, Banoth Madhu, Aravind Krishnamoorthi, Akilan Manoharan","doi":"10.36953/ecj.16812531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.16812531","url":null,"abstract":"The F2 populations of the crossings CO 14 × NDLH 1938 and CO17 × NDLH 1755 were used to investigate variability and heritability studies in order to better understand the gene action involved in each characteristic studied. Morphological data viz., days to first flowering, plant height (cm), number of sympodials, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), ginning outturn (%), upper half mean length (mm), elongation percentage (%) and micronaire value (µg/inch) were all recorded in each plant of both the populations. Studies of heritability and genetic advance as a percent of mean help us determine if a gene is additive or epistatic in nature, and so undergo appropriate breeding programmes for population enhancement. The value of PCV (Phenotypic Coefficient of variation) was always greater than GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) indicating the environment also plays a major role in contributing to the variations. The seed cotton yield per plant alone was shown to exhibit additive gene action with high heritability and strong genetic advance as percent of mean, suggesting that it might be used in direct selection since it is the most important attribute for population development.","PeriodicalId":12035,"journal":{"name":"Environment Conservation Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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