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Predictors of early adulthood insomnia following exposure to a single mass violence attack during adolescence: 7–13 year follow-up from the Utøya and HUNT studies 青少年时期遭受一次大规模暴力袭击后成年早期失眠的预测因素:乌托亚和 HUNT 研究的 7-13 年跟踪调查
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2312750
Kate Porcheret, Grete Dyb, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Synne Øien Stensland
Background: The long-term impact of mass violence attacks is practically unknown, especially in children and adolescents. In a previous study, we found that 8.5 years after a terror attack targetin...
背景:大规模暴力袭击的长期影响实际上是未知的,尤其是对儿童和青少年的影响。在之前的一项研究中,我们发现在以儿童和青少年为目标的恐怖袭击发生 8.5 年后,这些儿童和青少年的...
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引用次数: 0
Healing grief - an online self-help intervention programme for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. 治愈悲伤--针对长期悲伤的丧亲中国人的在线自助干预计划:随机对照试验的研究方案。
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2323422
Suqin Tang, Wenjie Peng, Xueying Qian, Yulin Chen

Background: In China, mental health services do not currently meet the needs of bereaved people with symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Internet-based grief interventions may help fill this gap, but such programmes have not yet been developed or evaluated in China. The proposed study aims to investigate the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of an online self-help intervention programme named Healing Grief for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief, and to explore the psychological mechanisms of potential improvements.Methods: We designed a two-arm randomised controlled trial. At least 128 participants will be randomly assigned to either an Internet-based intervention group or a waitlist-control group. The Internet-based intervention will be developed based on the dual process model, integrating techniques of psychoeducation, behavioural activation, cognitive reappraisal, and meaning reconstruction, and will be delivered via expressive writing. The intervention comprises six modules, with two sessions in each module, and requires participants to complete two sessions per week and complete the intervention in 6 weeks. The primary outcomes include effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility. The effectiveness will be assessed by measures of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Acceptability and feasibility will be evaluated using survey and interview on user experience characteristics. Secondary outcomes include moderators and mediators, such as dual process coping, grief rumination, mindfulness, and continuing bond, to explore the psychological mechanisms of potential improvement. Assessments will take place at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.Conclusion: The proposed study will determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of the newly developed online self-help intervention for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief and clarify how the intervention helps with symptom improvements. Such an intervention may play an important role in easing the imbalance between the delivery and receipt of bereavement psychological services in China.

背景:在中国,心理健康服务目前还不能满足具有长期悲伤障碍(PGD)症状的丧亲者的需求。基于互联网的悲伤干预可能有助于填补这一空白,但此类项目尚未在中国开发或评估。本研究旨在调查一个名为 "治愈悲伤 "的在线自助干预项目对有长期悲伤症状的中国丧亲者的有效性、可接受性和可行性,并探索潜在改善的心理机制:我们设计了一项双臂随机对照试验。方法:我们设计了一项双臂随机对照试验,将至少128名参与者随机分配到基于互联网的干预组或等待对照组。基于互联网的干预将以双重过程模型为基础,整合心理教育、行为激活、认知再评价和意义重建等技术,并通过表达性写作的方式进行。干预包括六个模块,每个模块有两节课,要求参与者每周完成两节课,并在 6 周内完成干预。主要结果包括有效性、可接受性和可行性。有效性将通过测量长期悲伤、创伤后应激、焦虑和抑郁症状来评估。可接受性和可行性将通过对用户体验特征的调查和访谈进行评估。次要结果包括调节因素和中介因素,如双重过程应对、悲伤反刍、正念和持续联系,以探索潜在改善的心理机制。评估将在干预前、干预后和 3 个月的随访中进行:拟议的研究将确定新开发的针对长期悲伤的丧亲中国人的在线自助干预的有效性、可接受性和可行性,并阐明该干预如何帮助改善症状。这种干预可能会在缓解中国丧亲心理服务的提供和接受之间的不平衡方面发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
A history of PTSD changes the way people express themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,创伤后应激障碍病史改变了人们的表达方式。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2375904
Amine Chakli, Grégory Lecouvey, Florence Fraisse, Julien Chavant, Laura Charretier, Denis Peschanski, Pierre Gagnepain, Vincent de La Sayette, Francis Eustache, Jacques Dayan

Background: The words people use in everyday life tell us about their emotions, their mental state and allow us to understand how people process and interpret an event. Previous research has established a link between the content analysis of narrative texts and the psychopathology of people who have experienced trauma.Objectives: This study examines whether the development of PTSD following exposure to a previous traumatic event alters the way people express themselves in the context of an anxiety-provoking event, the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted during the first lockdown period in France (23 April-16 May 2020) with people exposed to the 13 November 2015 attacks (N = 31) and nonexposed people (N = 57).Results: People with PTSD had longer narratives and used more first-person singular pronouns, lower first-person plural pronouns, more words related to negative emotions and anxiety compared to the nonexposed group. Within the PTSD group, there was no significant difference between the use of words related to the attacks and the pandemic. Conversely, the nonexposed group used more words related to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to words related to the attacks.Conclusion: These results confirm, as have other studies, that a history of PTSD can specifically modify the style and narrative of past experiences. They underline the importance of including linguistic analyses in psychological assessments of PTSD.

背景介绍人们在日常生活中使用的词语告诉我们他们的情绪和心理状态,并让我们了解人们如何处理和解释某一事件。以往的研究已经证实,叙事文本的内容分析与经历过创伤的人的精神病理学之间存在联系:本研究探讨了创伤后应激障碍的发展是否会改变人们在 COVID-19 大流行这一令人焦虑的事件中表达自己的方式:本研究基于在法国第一次封锁期间(2020年4月23日至5月16日)进行的半结构化访谈,访谈对象为2015年11月13日袭击事件的暴露者(31人)和非暴露者(57人):与非暴露组相比,创伤后应激障碍患者的叙述时间较长,使用的第一人称单数代词较多,第一人称复数代词较少,与负面情绪和焦虑有关的词语较多。在创伤后应激障碍组中,与袭击和大流行有关的词语使用没有明显差异。相反,与袭击相关的词语相比,未接触人群使用了更多与 COVID-19 大流行相关的词语:这些结果证实,与其他研究结果一样,创伤后应激障碍病史会特别改变过去经历的风格和叙述方式。它们强调了将语言分析纳入创伤后应激障碍心理评估的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of burnout in Canadian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行期间加拿大医护人员职业倦怠的决定因素。
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2351782
Nancy Liu, Rachel A Plouffe, Jenny J W Liu, Maede S Nouri, Priyonto Saha, Dominic Gargala, Brent D Davis, Anthony Nazarov, J Don Richardson

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups to experience burnout during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the risk and protective factors of burnout is crucial in guiding the development of interventions; however, the understanding of burnout determinants in the Canadian HCW population remains limited.Objective: Identify risk and protective factors associated with burnout in Canadian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate organizational factors as moderators in the relationship between COVID-19 contact and burnout.Methods: Data were drawn from an online longitudinal survey of Canadian HCWs collected between 26 June 2020 and 31 December 2020. Participants completed questions pertaining to their well-being, burnout, workplace support and concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline data from 1029 HCWs were included in the analysis. Independent samples t-tests and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate factors associated with burnout scores.Results: HCWs in contact with COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher likelihood of probable burnout than HCWs not directly providing care to COVID-19 patients. Fewer years of work experience was associated with a higher likelihood of probable burnout, whereas stronger workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership, and a favourable ethical climate were associated with a decreased likelihood of probable burnout. Workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership, and ethical climate did not moderate the associations between contact with COVID-19 patients and burnout.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HCWs who worked directly with COVID-19 patients, had fewer years of work experience, and perceived poor workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership and ethical climate were at higher risk of burnout. Ensuring reasonable work hours, adequate support from management, and fostering an ethical work environment are potential organizational-level strategies to maintain HCWs' well-being.

背景:在冠状病毒(COVID-19)大流行期间,医护人员(HCW)是最容易出现职业倦怠的群体之一。了解职业倦怠的风险和保护因素对于指导干预措施的制定至关重要;然而,对加拿大医护人员职业倦怠决定因素的了解仍然有限:目的:确定在 COVID-19 大流行期间加拿大高危职业工作者中与职业倦怠相关的风险和保护因素,并评估组织因素在 COVID-19 接触与职业倦怠之间的调节作用:数据来自于 2020 年 6 月 26 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间对加拿大高危护理人员进行的在线纵向调查。参与者填写了与他们的幸福感、职业倦怠、工作场所支持以及对 COVID-19 大流行的担忧有关的问题。来自 1029 名高危职业工作者的基线数据被纳入分析。独立样本 t 检验和多元线性回归用于评估与职业倦怠得分相关的因素:结果:与 COVID-19 患者有接触的医护人员出现职业倦怠的可能性明显高于不直接为 COVID-19 患者提供护理的医护人员。工作年限越短,可能出现职业倦怠的可能性越高,而工作场所支持、组织领导力、上级领导力和良好的道德氛围越强,可能出现职业倦怠的可能性越低。工作场所支持、组织领导力、督导领导力和道德氛围并不能调节与 COVID-19 患者接触与职业倦怠之间的关联:我们的研究结果表明,直接接触 COVID-19 患者、工作年限较短、认为工作场所支持、组织领导力、督导领导力和道德氛围较差的医护人员出现职业倦怠的风险较高。确保合理的工作时间、管理层的充分支持以及营造道德的工作环境是保持高危护理人员健康的潜在组织层面策略。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a stepped care intervention model of evidence-based interventions for the management of posttraumatic stress in the Belgian Police. 针对比利时警察的创伤后应激反应管理,开发基于证据的阶梯式护理干预模式。
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2349448
Nils Rentmeesters, Dirk Wynsberghe, Dirk Hermans

Background: Police officers are frequently exposed to a wide variety of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and are therefore at a considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research estimated the point prevalence of PTSD in Belgian police officers at 7.4%, significantly higher than in the general population. An effective organisational strategy to manage posttraumatic stress is essential.Objective: We aimed to develop a novel organisational approach regarding traumatic stress for Belgian police, combining evidence-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress in a stepped care intervention model.Method: In a broad development process, we combined scientific literature, case studies of best practices from other police organisations with insights gathered from a number of expert panels, thematic working groups and feedback groups.Results: A comprehensive stepped care intervention model was developed, consisting of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress.Conclusions: The intervention model is a promising organisational strategy for the management of posttraumatic stress in police organisations based on evidence-based interventions. Its effectiveness will be studied in the coming years.

背景:警察经常面临各种潜在的创伤事件(PTE),因此罹患创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的风险相当大。先前的研究估计,比利时警察的创伤后应激障碍发病率为 7.4%,明显高于普通人群。制定有效的组织策略来管理创伤后应激障碍至关重要:我们的目标是为比利时警察开发一种新型的创伤后应激反应组织方法,将预防和治疗创伤后应激反应的循证策略结合到阶梯式护理干预模式中:在广泛的开发过程中,我们结合了科学文献、其他警察组织的最佳实践案例研究以及从一些专家小组、专题工作组和反馈小组收集到的见解:结果:我们制定了一个全面的阶梯式护理干预模式,其中包括预防和治疗创伤后应激反应的循证干预措施:该干预模式是以循证干预为基础,在警察组织中管理创伤后应激反应的一种有前途的组织战略。未来几年将对其有效性进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
The nature and impacts of deployment-related encounters with children among Canadian military Veterans: a qualitative analysis. 加拿大退伍军人与子女之间与部署相关的接触的性质和影响:定性分析。
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2353534
Stephanie A Houle, Catherine Baillie Abidi, Michelle Birch, Kathryn Reeves, William Younger, Carl Conradi, San Patten, Stéphanie Bélanger, J Don Richardson, Anthony Nazarov, Samantha Wells

Background: As armed conflict grows increasingly complex, the involvement of children in armed violence across diverse roles is rising. Consequently, military personnel are more likely to encounter children during deployment. However, little is known about deployment-related encounters with children and their impact on the mental health of military personnel and Veterans.Objective: This study qualitatively examines the nature and impacts of deployment-related encounters with children.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 Canadian Armed Forces Veterans, eliciting rich information on the nature of child encounters on deployment, the psycho-social-spiritual impacts of these encounters, and perceptions of support. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Six primary themes were identified: types of encounters (i.e. factual aspects of deployment-related encounters with children), contextual factors (i.e. aspects of the mission, environment, and personal context relevant to one's experience of the encounter), appraisals of encounters (i.e. sensory or sense-making experiences relevant to the encounter), impacts of encounters (i.e. psycho-social, existential, and occupational impacts), coping strategies engaged in both during and after deployment, and support experiences, describing both formal and informal sources of support.Conclusions: Encounters with children are diverse and highly stressful, resulting in impacts pertinent to mental health, including psychological and moral distress, and difficulties with identity, spirituality, and relationships. These impacts are prompted by complex interactions among appraisals, expectations of morality, cultural norms, and professional duties and are amplified by various personal factors (e.g. childhood maltreatment history, parenthood), feelings of unpreparedness, and lack of post-deployment support. Implications for prevention, intervention, and policy are discussed with the aim of informing future efforts to safeguard and support military personnel facing a high likelihood of encounters with children.

背景:随着武装冲突日趋复杂,儿童参与不同角色的武装暴力事件也在增加。因此,军事人员在部署期间更有可能遇到儿童。然而,人们对与部署相关的儿童遭遇及其对军人和退伍军人心理健康的影响知之甚少:本研究从定性角度探讨了与部署相关的儿童接触的性质和影响:我们对 16 名加拿大武装部队退伍军人进行了半结构化访谈,获得了有关部署中与儿童接触的性质、这些接触的心理-社会-精神影响以及对支持的看法等丰富信息。采用主题分析法对访谈记录进行了分析:结果:确定了六个主要专题:遭遇的类型(即与部署有关的与儿童遭遇的事实方面)、背景因素(即与个人遭遇体验相关的任务、环境和个人背景方面)、遭遇的评价(即与个人遭遇体验相关的感官或感觉体验)、遭遇的心理影响(即与部署有关的与儿童遭遇的心理影响)、遭遇的社会影响(即与部署有关的与儿童遭遇的社会影响)、遭遇的精神影响(即与部署有关的与儿童遭遇的精神影响)以及对支持的看法。遭遇的影响(即社会心理、生存和职业影响)、部署期间和部署后的应对策略,以及支持经历(描述正式和非正式的支持来源):与儿童的接触多种多样,压力很大,会对心理健康造成影响,包括心理和精神痛苦,以及身份认同、灵性和人际关系方面的困难。这些影响是由评价、道德期望、文化规范和职业职责之间复杂的相互作用引起的,并因各种个人因素(如童年受虐待史、父母身份)、无准备感和缺乏部署后支持而加剧。本文讨论了预防、干预和政策方面的影响,旨在为今后保护和支持极有可能与儿童发生接触的军事人员提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Combined effect of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding on Chinese college students' mental health during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a response surface analysis. COVID-19大流行初期,同情与非同情自我响应对中国大学生心理健康的综合影响:响应面分析。
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2360281
Luming Liu, Yang Li, Qingyun Yu, Xinchun Wu, Wenchao Wang

Background: The initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly deteriorated mental health, especially among college students. Self-compassion has demonstrated benefits for psychological outcomes such as depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Notably, existing literature suggests that the protective and vulnerable aspects within the Self-Compassion Scale, namely, compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding (CSR and USR), can coexist within individuals and influence their mental health through various coexisting patterns. However, this process has not been sufficiently explored.Objective: This study aimed to explore the combined effects of CSR and USR on college students' depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, PTSS, and PTG during the initial wave of the pandemic.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 4450 Chinese college students (51.9% females, Mage = 20.58 years, SD = 1.49) completed self-report measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic's initial wave in 2020. Response surface analyses were utilised to investigate the combined effects of CSR and USR.Results: Simultaneously increased CSR and USR were associated with a slight increase in depressive symptoms, PTSS, and life satisfaction, but a substantial increase in PTG. Conversely, increased CSR and decreased USR were associated with a considerable decrease in depressive symptoms and PTSS, a significant increase in life satisfaction, and a moderate increase in PTG.Conclusions: CSR and USR demonstrated protective and vulnerable impacts, respectively. It is imperative to analyse their combined effects as an interactive system and consider the specific characteristics of different psychological responses.

背景:COVID-19 大流行的最初一波严重恶化了心理健康,尤其是大学生的心理健康。自我同情已被证明对抑郁症状、生活满意度、创伤后应激症状(PTSS)和创伤后成长(PTG)等心理结果有益。值得注意的是,现有文献表明,"自我同情量表 "中的保护性和脆弱性方面,即同情和非同情的自我反应(CSR 和 USR),可以在个体内部共存,并通过各种共存模式影响他们的心理健康。然而,这一过程尚未得到充分的探讨:本研究旨在探讨 CSR 和 USR 在大流行初期对大学生抑郁症状、生活满意度、PTSS 和 PTG 的综合影响:在这项横断面研究中,4450名中国大学生(51.9%为女性,年龄=20.58岁,SD=1.49)在2020年COVID-19大流行的最初阶段完成了自我报告测量。利用响应面分析研究了CSR和USR的综合效应:结果:同时增加 CSR 和 USR 与抑郁症状、PTSS 和生活满意度的轻微增加相关,但 PTG 的大幅增加。相反,CSR 的增加和 USR 的减少与抑郁症状和 PTSS 的大幅减少、生活满意度的显著提高以及 PTG 的适度增加有关:结论:CSR 和 USR 分别具有保护性和脆弱性影响。当务之急是将它们的综合效应作为一个互动系统进行分析,并考虑不同心理反应的具体特点。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring transdiagnostic stress and trauma-related symptoms across the world: a latent class analysis. 探索世界各地的跨诊断压力和创伤相关症状:潜类分析。
IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2318190
Stephanie Haering, Marike J Kooistra, Christine Bourey, Ulziimaa Chimed-Ochir, Nikola Doubková, Chris M Hoeboer, Emma C Lathan, Hope Christie, Anke de Haan

Background: Although trauma exposure is universally prevalent, the ways in which individuals respond to potentially traumatic events vary. Between-country differences have been identified as affecting the development and manifestation of transdiagnostic psychological symptoms, but it remains unclear how stress and trauma-related transdiagnostic symptoms and risk patterns differ based on geographic region.Objective: To explore whether there are distinct classes of stress and trauma-related transdiagnostic symptoms and to determine predictors of class membership in a global sample.Method: Participants (N = 8675) from 115 different countries were recruited online between 2020-2022 and completed the Global Psychotrauma Screen, which assesses stress and trauma exposure, related symptoms, and risk factors. A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes of stress and trauma-related symptoms per world region (African States, Asia-Pacific States, Eastern European States, Latin American and Caribbean States, Western European and Other States, and North America) and the total sample. Likelihood of class membership was assessed based on demographics, characteristics of the potentially traumatic event, and potential risk factors across the world regions.Results: Similar class compositions were observed across regions. A joint latent class analysis identified three classes that differed by symptom severity (i.e. high, moderate, low). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed several factors that conferred greater risk for experiencing higher levels of symptoms, including geographic region, gender, and lack of social support, among others.Conclusions: Stress and trauma-related symptoms seem to be similarly transdiagnostic across the world, supporting the value of a transdiagnostic assessment.

背景:尽管遭受创伤是普遍现象,但个人应对潜在创伤事件的方式却各不相同。国家之间的差异已被确定为影响跨诊断心理症状的发展和表现的因素,但压力和创伤相关跨诊断症状及风险模式如何因地理区域而异仍不清楚:目的:探讨与压力和创伤相关的跨诊断症状是否存在不同的类别,并确定全球样本中类别成员的预测因素:2020-2022年间,我们在网上招募了来自115个不同国家的参与者(N = 8675),他们完成了全球精神创伤筛查,该筛查评估了压力和创伤暴露、相关症状和风险因素。采用潜类分析(LCA)确定了每个世界地区(非洲国家、亚太国家、东欧国家、拉丁美洲和加勒比海国家、西欧和其他国家以及北美)和所有样本的压力和创伤相关症状类别。根据世界各地区的人口统计学特征、潜在创伤事件的特征和潜在风险因素,对类别成员的可能性进行了评估:结果:各地区观察到相似的类别构成。联合潜类分析确定了三个不同症状严重程度(即高、中、低)的类别。多项式逻辑回归分析表明,一些因素会增加出现较严重症状的风险,其中包括地理区域、性别和缺乏社会支持等:结论:世界各地的压力和创伤相关症状似乎具有相似的跨诊断性,这支持了跨诊断评估的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Can perpetrators discern survivors from voice? 犯罪者能从声音中辨别出幸存者吗?
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2358681
Elisa Monti, Wendy D'Andrea, Linda M Carroll, Katherine Norton, Noga Miron, Olivia Resto, Kayla Toscano, John Williams, David Harris, Laurel Irene, Anne Maass

Background: Research has shown that potential perpetrators and individuals high in psychopathic traits tend to body language cues to target a potential new victim. However, whether targeting occurs also by tending to vocal cues has not been examined. Thus, the role of voice in interpersonal violence merits investigation.Objective: In two studies, we examined whether perpetrators could differentiate female speakers with and without sexual and physical assault histories (presented as rating the degree of 'vulnerability' to victimization).Methods: Two samples of male listeners (sample one N = 105, sample two, N = 109) participated. Each sample rated 18 voices (9 survivors and 9 controls). Listener sample one heard spontaneous speech, and listener sample two heard the second sentence of a standardized passage. Listeners' self-reported psychopathic traits and history of previous perpetration were measured.Results: Across both samples, history of perpetration (but not psychopathy) predicted accuracy in distinguishing survivors of assault.Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential role of voice in prevention and intervention. Gaining a further understanding of what voice cues are associated with accuracy in discerning survivors can also help us understand whether or not specialized voice training could have a role in self-defense practices.

背景:研究表明,潜在施暴者和具有高度变态特质的人倾向于通过肢体语言线索来锁定潜在的新受害者。然而,是否也会通过倾向于声音线索来锁定目标尚未进行研究。因此,声音在人际暴力中的作用值得研究:在两项研究中,我们考察了施暴者是否能区分有无性侵犯和身体侵犯史的女性说话者(表现为对受害 "脆弱 "程度的评分):两个男性听众样本(样本一,N = 105;样本二,N = 109)参与了研究。每个样本对 18 个声音(9 个幸存者和 9 个对照组)进行评分。听者样本一听到的是自发讲话,听者样本二听到的是标准段落的第二句。对听者自我报告的心理变态特征和以前的犯罪史进行了测量:结果:在两个样本中,犯罪史(而非心理变态)预测了区分攻击幸存者的准确性:这些发现凸显了声音在预防和干预中的潜在作用。进一步了解哪些声音线索与辨别幸存者的准确性有关,也有助于我们了解专门的声音训练是否能在自卫实践中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Psychosocial consequences of growing up as Austrian occupation children in post-World-War II Austria. 二战后奥地利占领区儿童成长的社会心理后果。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2389019
Nele Hellweg, Heide Glaesmer, Barbara Stelzl-Marx, Sabine Lee, Marie Kaiser

Background: During the post-World War II occupation of Austria, approximately 20,000-30,000 'children born of war' (CBOW), also called occupation children were born through intimate contacts between Austrian women and occupation soldiers. Research on other CBOW populations indicates that CBOW mostly grow up under difficult conditions, sometimes with strong long-term mental health consequences.Objective: To examine whether comparable psychosocial consequences can be found in Austrian occupation children (AOC), a first quantitative study was carried out.Method: Child maltreatment, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and somatization, and general life satisfaction were assessed in a sample of 98 AOC using self-report instruments. Results were compared to a sample of German occupation children (GOC; N = 146).Results: High prevalence of above threshold full (10.2%) and partial (14.3%) PTSD, somatic (16.3%) and depressive (11.1%) symptomatology were found in AOC. They were at high risk of child maltreatment (e.g. emotional abuse: 53.6%), which was associated with current symptomatology. Notably, AOC tended to report high levels of general life satisfaction. No differences were found between GOC and AOC.Conclusions: Findings highlight the complex and long-term effects of developmental conditions and childhood maltreatment on mental health of CBOW, even decades later. Findings of high life satisfaction provide evidence of resilience and maturation processes across the lifespan.

背景:在二战后奥地利被占领期间,约有 2 万至 3 万名 "战争出生的孩子"(CBOW),也被称为 "占领儿童",是奥地利妇女与占领军士兵亲密接触后出生的。对其他 "战时出生儿童 "群体的研究表明,"战时出生儿童 "大多在艰难的条件下成长,有时会对心理健康造成严重的长期影响:为了研究奥地利占领区儿童(AOC)是否也存在类似的心理社会后果,我们首次开展了一项定量研究:方法:使用自我报告工具对 98 名奥地利职业儿童样本中的儿童虐待、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和躯体化以及总体生活满意度进行了评估。将结果与德国占领区儿童样本(GOC;N = 146)进行比较:结果:在德占儿童中发现,完全(10.2%)和部分(14.3%)创伤后应激障碍、躯体症状(16.3%)和抑郁症状(11.1%)的发病率高于临界值。他们遭受儿童虐待的风险很高(如情感虐待:53.6%),这与他们目前的症状有关。值得注意的是,AOC 往往对一般生活的满意度较高。结论:研究结果凸显了发育条件和童年虐待对 CBOW 心理健康的复杂而长期的影响,即使在几十年后也是如此。高生活满意度的研究结果为整个生命周期的恢复能力和成熟过程提供了证据。
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European Journal of Psychotraumatology
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