Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772544
Todd P. Hillman
With robust discussion at both the state and federal levels on the treatment and consideration of Demand Response, including Aggregators of Retail Choice (ARC) / Curtailment Service Providers (CSP), there are still many questions left to be answered. The debate seems to draw a definitive line in the sand and has the Independent System Operators (ISO) and Regional Transmission System Operators (RTO) in both the US and Canada stuck squarely in the middle of the discussions.
{"title":"Can demand response receive comparable treatment to traditional generation?","authors":"Todd P. Hillman","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772544","url":null,"abstract":"With robust discussion at both the state and federal levels on the treatment and consideration of Demand Response, including Aggregators of Retail Choice (ARC) / Curtailment Service Providers (CSP), there are still many questions left to be answered. The debate seems to draw a definitive line in the sand and has the Independent System Operators (ISO) and Regional Transmission System Operators (RTO) in both the US and Canada stuck squarely in the middle of the discussions.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123033205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772518
R. Coutu, E. Litvinov
Demand Response has been a part of the ISO New England footprint since before the inception of markets in 1999. During this panel session we will identify what ISO New England issues will need to be solved to fully deploy DR at the wholesale levels. Some of the issues that will be discussed and identified are the following: • What are the benefits of previously implemented DR programs? • How can Demand Response be most accurately represented in and model within the current wholesale market structure? • Can and ISO New England implemented demand-side management process be economically for residential, commercial, and industrial customers? • Can DR resources be used to provide operating reserves or regulation? • Who does the ISO communicate with DR aggregators or consumers? • How do we track reductions as well as potential for reductions? • What are the best method to use to perform baseline calculations for DR customers? • How does ISO New England pay DR resources? What are the correct market incentives? ISO New England will show how some of these questions have been answered with previous attempts at integrating DR into the markets and what some of the challenges are ahead of us in the future.
{"title":"ISO New England experience implementing demand response","authors":"R. Coutu, E. Litvinov","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772518","url":null,"abstract":"Demand Response has been a part of the ISO New England footprint since before the inception of markets in 1999. During this panel session we will identify what ISO New England issues will need to be solved to fully deploy DR at the wholesale levels. Some of the issues that will be discussed and identified are the following: • What are the benefits of previously implemented DR programs? • How can Demand Response be most accurately represented in and model within the current wholesale market structure? • Can and ISO New England implemented demand-side management process be economically for residential, commercial, and industrial customers? • Can DR resources be used to provide operating reserves or regulation? • Who does the ISO communicate with DR aggregators or consumers? • How do we track reductions as well as potential for reductions? • What are the best method to use to perform baseline calculations for DR customers? • How does ISO New England pay DR resources? What are the correct market incentives? ISO New England will show how some of these questions have been answered with previous attempts at integrating DR into the markets and what some of the challenges are ahead of us in the future.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132944587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772538
O. Ipinnimo, S. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury
In the current power and energy scenario, distributed generation (DG) has generated a lot of interest across the globe due to the growing concerns about gradual depletion of fossil fuels, steep load growth, environmental pollution and global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable DGs such as wind generators and solar photovoltaic are well-recognized now-a-days as sources of clean energy. Voltage dips have always been a serious problem in electricity networks accounting for the disruption, poor power quality and affecting the cost and productivity of power utilities and the consumers. Therefore, with more DG penetration into the network, utilizing the DGs for improving power quality through voltage dip mitigation has become an important area of research in itself. In this context, this paper presents a novel technique for voltage dip mitigation with Distributed Generation (DG) using a simple feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to mitigate the effects of the power quality problems arising out of voltage dips in a distribution network. The scheme is simulated in DIgSILENT Power Factory 14.0 software and the tests are carried out on IEEE 9-bus test system. A three-phase short circuit fault on a line is simulated as the disturbance causing the voltage dip in the system. The model is trained, tested and validated in Matlab using mean square error and regression analysis.
在当前的电力和能源形势下，由于对化石燃料逐渐枯竭、负荷急剧增长、环境污染和温室气体排放导致的全球变暖的担忧日益增加，分布式发电(DG)在全球范围内引起了广泛的兴趣。风力发电机和太阳能光伏等可再生dg是目前公认的清洁能源。电压降一直是电网中的一个严重问题，它造成电力中断、电能质量差，影响电力公司和用户的成本和生产力。因此，随着越来越多的DG渗透到网络中，利用DG通过降低电压降来改善电能质量本身已成为一个重要的研究领域。在此背景下，本文提出了一种新的分布式发电(DG)电压陡降缓解技术，该技术使用一种简单的前馈人工神经网络(ANN)来缓解配电网中电压陡降引起的电能质量问题的影响。该方案在DIgSILENT Power Factory 14.0软件中进行了仿真，并在IEEE 9总线测试系统上进行了测试。将线路上的三相短路故障模拟为引起系统电压下降的扰动。在Matlab中使用均方误差和回归分析对模型进行训练、测试和验证。
{"title":"ANN-based voltage dip mitigation in power networks with distributed generation","authors":"O. Ipinnimo, S. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772538","url":null,"abstract":"In the current power and energy scenario, distributed generation (DG) has generated a lot of interest across the globe due to the growing concerns about gradual depletion of fossil fuels, steep load growth, environmental pollution and global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable DGs such as wind generators and solar photovoltaic are well-recognized now-a-days as sources of clean energy. Voltage dips have always been a serious problem in electricity networks accounting for the disruption, poor power quality and affecting the cost and productivity of power utilities and the consumers. Therefore, with more DG penetration into the network, utilizing the DGs for improving power quality through voltage dip mitigation has become an important area of research in itself. In this context, this paper presents a novel technique for voltage dip mitigation with Distributed Generation (DG) using a simple feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to mitigate the effects of the power quality problems arising out of voltage dips in a distribution network. The scheme is simulated in DIgSILENT Power Factory 14.0 software and the tests are carried out on IEEE 9-bus test system. A three-phase short circuit fault on a line is simulated as the disturbance causing the voltage dip in the system. The model is trained, tested and validated in Matlab using mean square error and regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133358478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772529
R. D. Cook, Stephen S. Miller, D. A. Shafer
The DC Load Flow is a fast tool to aid in calculating transfer capabilities in large power system models, such as the MMWG eastern interconnection. Unfortunately, it has numerous short comings that might best be summed up by noting that when the BES is the most stressed, the DC Load Flow is the least accurate. Low voltages, high loss situations, bad X/R ratios etc., are detractors for the accuracy of the DC Load Flow, just when the planners are seeking the best answers they can get to maintain system security. The authors propose some simple methods to borrow linear theory and apply these techniques to simplify AC transfer analysis. Reversing the concept that the DC Load Flow is an accurate representation of the “non-linear” AC power flow, we find that the AC power flow is locally linear in the phasor domain and thus, linear methods can be used effectively for ATC calculations. This paper shows how NITC and FCITC can be calculated using a simple Phasor Method, which gains us ATC results from the more robust AC power flow model.
{"title":"Available transfer capability applying linear phasor methods to the AC power flow","authors":"R. D. Cook, Stephen S. Miller, D. A. Shafer","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772529","url":null,"abstract":"The DC Load Flow is a fast tool to aid in calculating transfer capabilities in large power system models, such as the MMWG eastern interconnection. Unfortunately, it has numerous short comings that might best be summed up by noting that when the BES is the most stressed, the DC Load Flow is the least accurate. Low voltages, high loss situations, bad X/R ratios etc., are detractors for the accuracy of the DC Load Flow, just when the planners are seeking the best answers they can get to maintain system security. The authors propose some simple methods to borrow linear theory and apply these techniques to simplify AC transfer analysis. Reversing the concept that the DC Load Flow is an accurate representation of the “non-linear” AC power flow, we find that the AC power flow is locally linear in the phasor domain and thus, linear methods can be used effectively for ATC calculations. This paper shows how NITC and FCITC can be calculated using a simple Phasor Method, which gains us ATC results from the more robust AC power flow model.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129859239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772593
Jie Yan, Chen-Ching Liu, M. Govindarasu
The increased and concentrated penetration of wind power makes the power network more dependent on, and vulnerable to, the wind energy production. The dynamic performance of power system can be affected by the wind farm operations. Cyber attacks on the cyber systems of wind farm present a potential threat for power system dynamics. The cyber security for the SCADA system of a wind farm is studied in this paper by incorporating the impact on the power system dynamics. The vulnerabilities of a wind farm SCADA system are identified. Credible attack scenarios are developed consequently. The simulation results show that cyber attacks can cause major problems for a power system, including economy loss, overspeed of a wind turbine, and equipment damage.
{"title":"Cyber intrusion of wind farm SCADA system and its impact analysis","authors":"Jie Yan, Chen-Ching Liu, M. Govindarasu","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772593","url":null,"abstract":"The increased and concentrated penetration of wind power makes the power network more dependent on, and vulnerable to, the wind energy production. The dynamic performance of power system can be affected by the wind farm operations. Cyber attacks on the cyber systems of wind farm present a potential threat for power system dynamics. The cyber security for the SCADA system of a wind farm is studied in this paper by incorporating the impact on the power system dynamics. The vulnerabilities of a wind farm SCADA system are identified. Credible attack scenarios are developed consequently. The simulation results show that cyber attacks can cause major problems for a power system, including economy loss, overspeed of a wind turbine, and equipment damage.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129545451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772457
Zhu Wang, Rui Yang, Lingfeng Wang, A. Dounis
The big challenge of the control system for the intelligent and green building is to maintain the maximum customer comfort with minimum energy consumption. In the paper, a customer-centered multi-agent control system is proposed to meet the challenge. Four different kinds of agents are described, which are switch agent, central coordinator-agent, local controller-agents and load agent. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to optimize the overall system and to enhance the intelligence of the system. The preferences of customers are included in the control system design. Customers are offered the flexibility to define control parameters through a graphical user interface (GUI) according to their own preferences.
{"title":"Customer-centered control system for intelligent and green building with heuristic optimization","authors":"Zhu Wang, Rui Yang, Lingfeng Wang, A. Dounis","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772457","url":null,"abstract":"The big challenge of the control system for the intelligent and green building is to maintain the maximum customer comfort with minimum energy consumption. In the paper, a customer-centered multi-agent control system is proposed to meet the challenge. Four different kinds of agents are described, which are switch agent, central coordinator-agent, local controller-agents and load agent. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to optimize the overall system and to enhance the intelligence of the system. The preferences of customers are included in the control system design. Customers are offered the flexibility to define control parameters through a graphical user interface (GUI) according to their own preferences.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114236998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772487
Li Wen-zhuo, Hou Jun-xian, Tang Yong, W. Lei, Song Xin-li, Fan Sheng-tao
This paper proposes a method to perform electromechanical and electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation, including the interface location, the mutual equivalence solution of the electromechanical system and the electromagnetic system, which can perform excellently when the positive and negative sequence parameters of the equivalent circuit are different. The least square method is adopted to obtain the fundamental frequency current as the equivalent solution of the electromagnetic system. The method was demonstrated to be effective and feasible through two cases. It solves hybrid simulation problems when variable faults (including asymmetric faults) occur in an electromechanical network.
{"title":"An electromechanical/electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation method that considers asymmetric faults in an electromechanical network","authors":"Li Wen-zhuo, Hou Jun-xian, Tang Yong, W. Lei, Song Xin-li, Fan Sheng-tao","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772487","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method to perform electromechanical and electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation, including the interface location, the mutual equivalence solution of the electromechanical system and the electromagnetic system, which can perform excellently when the positive and negative sequence parameters of the equivalent circuit are different. The least square method is adopted to obtain the fundamental frequency current as the equivalent solution of the electromagnetic system. The method was demonstrated to be effective and feasible through two cases. It solves hybrid simulation problems when variable faults (including asymmetric faults) occur in an electromechanical network.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125192849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772497
Jorge Martinez, P. C. Kjar, P. Rodríguez, R. Teodorescu
Modern wind power plants are required and designed to ride through faults in the network, subjected to the fault clearance and following grid code demands. Beside voltage support during faults, the wind turbine fault current contribution is important to establish the correct settings for the relay of the protections. The following wind turbine generator during faults have been studied: (i) induction generator, (ii) induction generator with variable rotor resistance (iii) converter-fed rotor (often referred to as DFIG) and (iv) full scale converter. To make a clear comparison and performance analysis during faults, and the consequent effects on substation protections, the aforementioned configurations have been simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC, with the same power plant configuration, electrical grid and generator data. Additionally, a comparison of these wind turbine technologies with a conventional power plant, with a synchronous generator, has been simulated. This paper addresses the difficulties that distance or overcurrent relays can experience when they are used in wind power plants. Whereas the short circuit contribution from power plants with synchronous generators can be calculated on the basis of the machine parameters alone, for wound rotor asynchronous and full scale generators power plants, the converters or rotor circuitry representation have to be taken into account for short circuit current studies and relay settings.
{"title":"Short circuit signatures from different wind turbine generator types","authors":"Jorge Martinez, P. C. Kjar, P. Rodríguez, R. Teodorescu","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772497","url":null,"abstract":"Modern wind power plants are required and designed to ride through faults in the network, subjected to the fault clearance and following grid code demands. Beside voltage support during faults, the wind turbine fault current contribution is important to establish the correct settings for the relay of the protections. The following wind turbine generator during faults have been studied: (i) induction generator, (ii) induction generator with variable rotor resistance (iii) converter-fed rotor (often referred to as DFIG) and (iv) full scale converter. To make a clear comparison and performance analysis during faults, and the consequent effects on substation protections, the aforementioned configurations have been simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC, with the same power plant configuration, electrical grid and generator data. Additionally, a comparison of these wind turbine technologies with a conventional power plant, with a synchronous generator, has been simulated. This paper addresses the difficulties that distance or overcurrent relays can experience when they are used in wind power plants. Whereas the short circuit contribution from power plants with synchronous generators can be calculated on the basis of the machine parameters alone, for wound rotor asynchronous and full scale generators power plants, the converters or rotor circuitry representation have to be taken into account for short circuit current studies and relay settings.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127332555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772619
M. Amin, A. Herrera, J. Seijo, O. Mohammed
In this paper, a design and implementation of a digital signal controller (DSC) for high frequency-based grid-tie inverter connected to wind emulator system is designed, fabricated, and tested. A 150 MHz (6.67-ns Cycle Time) Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 processor chip is used as the heart of the developed control board. DSC based board is a highly integrated, high-performance solution for demanding control applications. It is designed for applications requiring a single board solution to control up to four, high frequency-based three phase converters or in general power electronics industrial applications. The main advantages of the developed DSC-board are: lower cost, higher processing speed capability, smaller size and weight, more reliable (embedded and computer independent with USB communication for program downloading process). The developed controller is designed for controlling a 3 kW grid-connected high frequency PWM inverter in order to inject the wind emulator system power into the grid. This study is also implemented in a laboratory setup for 3 kW Semikron power inverter module under 30 kHz switching frequency. The experimental results are presented and discussed to verify the effectiveness of the developed controller for high frequency operation.
{"title":"A digital signal controller for high frequency-based grid-tie inverter connected to wind emulator system: Design and implementation","authors":"M. Amin, A. Herrera, J. Seijo, O. Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772619","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a design and implementation of a digital signal controller (DSC) for high frequency-based grid-tie inverter connected to wind emulator system is designed, fabricated, and tested. A 150 MHz (6.67-ns Cycle Time) Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 processor chip is used as the heart of the developed control board. DSC based board is a highly integrated, high-performance solution for demanding control applications. It is designed for applications requiring a single board solution to control up to four, high frequency-based three phase converters or in general power electronics industrial applications. The main advantages of the developed DSC-board are: lower cost, higher processing speed capability, smaller size and weight, more reliable (embedded and computer independent with USB communication for program downloading process). The developed controller is designed for controlling a 3 kW grid-connected high frequency PWM inverter in order to inject the wind emulator system power into the grid. This study is also implemented in a laboratory setup for 3 kW Semikron power inverter module under 30 kHz switching frequency. The experimental results are presented and discussed to verify the effectiveness of the developed controller for high frequency operation.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772579
W. Kersting, R. K. Green
One of the primary purposes of performing the steady-state analysis of a distribution feeder is to determine the voltages at every node. Because these voltages are a function of the line voltage drops it is critical that the line impedances used are as exact as possible. In 1926 John Carson developed equations that would determine the self and mutual impedances of any number of overhead or underground conductors taking into account the effect of ground [1]. In recent years the application of Carson's equation has become the standard for the computation of line impedances. Because Carson's equation results in an infinite series, approximations have been made to ease in the computation of the impedances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some of the more common approximations and determine what, if any, errors are made.
{"title":"The application of Carson's equation to the steady-state analysis of distribution feeders","authors":"W. Kersting, R. K. Green","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772579","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary purposes of performing the steady-state analysis of a distribution feeder is to determine the voltages at every node. Because these voltages are a function of the line voltage drops it is critical that the line impedances used are as exact as possible. In 1926 John Carson developed equations that would determine the self and mutual impedances of any number of overhead or underground conductors taking into account the effect of ground [1]. In recent years the application of Carson's equation has become the standard for the computation of line impedances. Because Carson's equation results in an infinite series, approximations have been made to ease in the computation of the impedances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some of the more common approximations and determine what, if any, errors are made.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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