Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772565
M. Panteli, D. Kirschen
Due to the increased complexity of the power infrastructure and its growing dependence on information and communication technologies (ICT), the requirement to meet a high level of power system security has become a challenging issue. The heavy reliance on the ICT systems renders the entire infrastructure more vulnerable to information failures and malicious attacks. This paper analyses the impact of ICT systems on power system operation and security. The main categories of ICT systems and the effect of possible information failures on the power system state estimation are described. It also proposes a reliability assessment methodology that takes into consideration the failures in the ICT infrastructure and examines their impact on the probability of catastrophic blackouts. A Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) is used to illustrate the effect of ICT failures on load curtailments. Test results obtained using a small-scale power system are presented.
{"title":"Assessing the effect of failures in the information and communication infrastructure on power system reliability","authors":"M. Panteli, D. Kirschen","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772565","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increased complexity of the power infrastructure and its growing dependence on information and communication technologies (ICT), the requirement to meet a high level of power system security has become a challenging issue. The heavy reliance on the ICT systems renders the entire infrastructure more vulnerable to information failures and malicious attacks. This paper analyses the impact of ICT systems on power system operation and security. The main categories of ICT systems and the effect of possible information failures on the power system state estimation are described. It also proposes a reliability assessment methodology that takes into consideration the failures in the ICT infrastructure and examines their impact on the probability of catastrophic blackouts. A Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) is used to illustrate the effect of ICT failures on load curtailments. Test results obtained using a small-scale power system are presented.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129212107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772607
Lei Zhang, Yaoyu Li
Hybrid power system (HPS) is the power system consists of renewable energy sources and traditional energy sources used together to increase system efficiency and reduce operation cost. Energy management is one of the main issues in operating the HPS, which needs to be optimized with respect to the current and future change in generation, demand, and market price, particularly for HPS with strong renewable penetration. Optimal energy management strategies such as dynamic programming (DP) may become significantly suboptimal under strong uncertainty in prediction of renewable generation and utility price. In order to reduce the impact of such uncertainties, a two-scale dynamic programming scheme is proposed in this study to optimize the operational benefit based on multi-scale prediction. The proposed idea is illustrated with a simple HPS which consists of wind turbine and battery storage with grid connection. The system is expected to satisfy certain load demand while minimizing the cost via peak-load shaving. First, a macro-scale dynamic programming (MASDP) is performed for the long term period, based on long term ahead prediction of hourly electricity price and wind energy (speed). The battery state-of-charge (SOC) is thus obtained as the macro-scale reference trajectory. The micro-scale dynamic programming (MISDP) is then applied with a short term interval, based on short term-hour ahead auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) prediction of hourly electricity price and wind energy. The nodal SOC values from the MASDP result are used as the terminal condition for the MISDP. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly decrease the operation cost, as compared with the single scale DP method.
{"title":"Optimal energy management of hybrid power system with two-scale dynamic programming","authors":"Lei Zhang, Yaoyu Li","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772607","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid power system (HPS) is the power system consists of renewable energy sources and traditional energy sources used together to increase system efficiency and reduce operation cost. Energy management is one of the main issues in operating the HPS, which needs to be optimized with respect to the current and future change in generation, demand, and market price, particularly for HPS with strong renewable penetration. Optimal energy management strategies such as dynamic programming (DP) may become significantly suboptimal under strong uncertainty in prediction of renewable generation and utility price. In order to reduce the impact of such uncertainties, a two-scale dynamic programming scheme is proposed in this study to optimize the operational benefit based on multi-scale prediction. The proposed idea is illustrated with a simple HPS which consists of wind turbine and battery storage with grid connection. The system is expected to satisfy certain load demand while minimizing the cost via peak-load shaving. First, a macro-scale dynamic programming (MASDP) is performed for the long term period, based on long term ahead prediction of hourly electricity price and wind energy (speed). The battery state-of-charge (SOC) is thus obtained as the macro-scale reference trajectory. The micro-scale dynamic programming (MISDP) is then applied with a short term interval, based on short term-hour ahead auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) prediction of hourly electricity price and wind energy. The nodal SOC values from the MASDP result are used as the terminal condition for the MISDP. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly decrease the operation cost, as compared with the single scale DP method.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116804568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772528
Yixin Cai, M. Chow
Small World Stratification (SWS) is a sampling strategy aims to solve the problem of insufficient historical data for fault diagnosis in a small local region. SWS involves sampling relevant fault events by Geographic Aggregation (GA) and Feature Space Clustering (FSC), and identifying the group of fault events that should be investigated together. In order to apply FSC, proper measures of similarity among regions are needed. In this paper, we propose four types of regional feature vectors (RFV): normalized regional feature vectors (NRFV), relative regional feature vectors (RRFV), likelihood regional feature vectors (LRFV) and generalized regional feature vectors (GRFV), derived from the measures used to analyze distribution faults. Similarity measures based on the distance between RFVs are evaluated using fault events simulated by the Distribution Fault Simulator. Experimental results suggest that GRFV is the best among the four.
{"title":"Similarity measures in Small World Stratification for distribution fault diagnosis","authors":"Yixin Cai, M. Chow","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772528","url":null,"abstract":"Small World Stratification (SWS) is a sampling strategy aims to solve the problem of insufficient historical data for fault diagnosis in a small local region. SWS involves sampling relevant fault events by Geographic Aggregation (GA) and Feature Space Clustering (FSC), and identifying the group of fault events that should be investigated together. In order to apply FSC, proper measures of similarity among regions are needed. In this paper, we propose four types of regional feature vectors (RFV): normalized regional feature vectors (NRFV), relative regional feature vectors (RRFV), likelihood regional feature vectors (LRFV) and generalized regional feature vectors (GRFV), derived from the measures used to analyze distribution faults. Similarity measures based on the distance between RFVs are evaluated using fault events simulated by the Distribution Fault Simulator. Experimental results suggest that GRFV is the best among the four.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114098399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772463
G. Eduful, Joseph Ekowcole
In this paper, application of HRC fuses and MCCBs in low voltage distribution network is examined. Performance of HRC and MCCB are compared under a typical system performance condition. The law of equivalence of contact wear was used to determine life expectancy of MCCB. It is shown that MCCBs are not economically viable in areas where incidence of short-circuit faults are rampant. Where electro-dynamic stress associated with circuit interruptions is of a major concern, application of HRC fuses is proposed. The study goes further to recommend a suitable combination of MCCBs and HRC fuses as effective means of protecting distribution transformers.
{"title":"Performance of HRC fuse and MCCB in low voltage distribution network","authors":"G. Eduful, Joseph Ekowcole","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772463","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, application of HRC fuses and MCCBs in low voltage distribution network is examined. Performance of HRC and MCCB are compared under a typical system performance condition. The law of equivalence of contact wear was used to determine life expectancy of MCCB. It is shown that MCCBs are not economically viable in areas where incidence of short-circuit faults are rampant. Where electro-dynamic stress associated with circuit interruptions is of a major concern, application of HRC fuses is proposed. The study goes further to recommend a suitable combination of MCCBs and HRC fuses as effective means of protecting distribution transformers.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126739004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772581
B. Q. Khanh, N. H. Phuc
In this paper, a novel effort for prediction of voltage sag in the entire transmission system of Vietnam is presented. As the Vietnamese electricity industry moves toward the electricity market, prediction will help utilities have early assessment of power quality in transmission system. The proposed prediction approach uses a fault position method in which the fault distribution in the transmission system is created based on an actual fault occurrence in the entire 220kV and 500kV transmission system throughout Vietnam that took place in 2008. The research also makes use of the SARFICURVE with ITIC and SEMI curve, which takes into account of the actual fault clearing time of protective devices used in transmission system in Vietnam. By using SARFICURVE, a better assessment of voltage sag performance is obtained in the transmission system with regard to load's voltage tolerance.
{"title":"Prediction of voltage sag in the transmission system of Vietnam, A case study","authors":"B. Q. Khanh, N. H. Phuc","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772581","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel effort for prediction of voltage sag in the entire transmission system of Vietnam is presented. As the Vietnamese electricity industry moves toward the electricity market, prediction will help utilities have early assessment of power quality in transmission system. The proposed prediction approach uses a fault position method in which the fault distribution in the transmission system is created based on an actual fault occurrence in the entire 220kV and 500kV transmission system throughout Vietnam that took place in 2008. The research also makes use of the SARFICURVE with ITIC and SEMI curve, which takes into account of the actual fault clearing time of protective devices used in transmission system in Vietnam. By using SARFICURVE, a better assessment of voltage sag performance is obtained in the transmission system with regard to load's voltage tolerance.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124153149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772475
Ke Wang, Shengchun Yang, Jianguo Yao
Insufficient reactive power in DC converter stations may deteriorate the whole system operating conditions. In this paper, the ratio between reactive power consumption and active power transmission as a HVDC system provides Emergency DC Power Support (EDCPS) is analyzed and derived. Then multicircuit HVDC system EDCPS Strategies with reactive power controls, such as emergency reactive power compensation, converter station reactive power control and DC active power support's quantity adjustment are proposed to improve voltage stability. Simulation results on practical power systems validate the effectiveness of the control strategies. Finally an EDCPS implementation framework with reactive power coordinated control for large-scale power systems is introduced.
{"title":"Multi-circuit HVDC system emergency DC power support with reactive control","authors":"Ke Wang, Shengchun Yang, Jianguo Yao","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772475","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient reactive power in DC converter stations may deteriorate the whole system operating conditions. In this paper, the ratio between reactive power consumption and active power transmission as a HVDC system provides Emergency DC Power Support (EDCPS) is analyzed and derived. Then multicircuit HVDC system EDCPS Strategies with reactive power controls, such as emergency reactive power compensation, converter station reactive power control and DC active power support's quantity adjustment are proposed to improve voltage stability. Simulation results on practical power systems validate the effectiveness of the control strategies. Finally an EDCPS implementation framework with reactive power coordinated control for large-scale power systems is introduced.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124486581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772558
T. Saxton
The IEC 61968/70 Common Information Model (CIM) standards lay the foundation for an enterprise semantic model to achieve interoperability between the different utility domains as envisioned by the NIST Smart Grid Roadmap. Over the years the CIM has evolved as extensions have been added to support new business needs and exchanges of data between these different domains.
{"title":"CIM for planning/base case model exchange","authors":"T. Saxton","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772558","url":null,"abstract":"The IEC 61968/70 Common Information Model (CIM) standards lay the foundation for an enterprise semantic model to achieve interoperability between the different utility domains as envisioned by the NIST Smart Grid Roadmap. Over the years the CIM has evolved as extensions have been added to support new business needs and exchanges of data between these different domains.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121944500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772592
Q. B. Dam, L. Gleason, V. McMullin
The purpose of this paper is to stress how the development of real-time platforms for smart grid software services can be propelled by software agility. The Agile software development methodology promotes simplicity and rapid adaptability to evolving requirements and standards. Integrating software tests systematically from the onset of product development to the final release ensures robustness. The Software Solutions Group within GE Energy adopted software agility to ensure that software service developments are driven by quality. Many steps are involved in the development of a comprehensive real-time software services platform, and it is tempting for stakeholders to over-specify the initial requirements at the expense of a design that addresses how failures are handled. In this paper, the authors describe basic architectures and methodologies in the development of real-time software services to support specific smart-grid business needs.
{"title":"Using agility to build robust, real-time platforms for smart grid software services","authors":"Q. B. Dam, L. Gleason, V. McMullin","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772592","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to stress how the development of real-time platforms for smart grid software services can be propelled by software agility. The Agile software development methodology promotes simplicity and rapid adaptability to evolving requirements and standards. Integrating software tests systematically from the onset of product development to the final release ensures robustness. The Software Solutions Group within GE Energy adopted software agility to ensure that software service developments are driven by quality. Many steps are involved in the development of a comprehensive real-time software services platform, and it is tempting for stakeholders to over-specify the initial requirements at the expense of a design that addresses how failures are handled. In this paper, the authors describe basic architectures and methodologies in the development of real-time software services to support specific smart-grid business needs.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122515709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772517
J. Lim
The NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Cyber Security Standards CIP-002 — CIP-009 is a set of mandatory cyber security standards developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission applicable to users, owners and operators of the Bulk Power System (BPS), under Section 215 of the Federal Power Act.
{"title":"NERC CIP version 4 background","authors":"J. Lim","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772517","url":null,"abstract":"The NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Cyber Security Standards CIP-002 — CIP-009 is a set of mandatory cyber security standards developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission applicable to users, owners and operators of the Bulk Power System (BPS), under Section 215 of the Federal Power Act.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131399401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772527
C. Kamath
As the percentage of wind energy on the power grid increases, the intermittent nature of this energy source can make it difficult to keep the generation and the load balanced. While wind speed forecasts can be helpful, they can often be inaccurate. In such cases, we are interested in providing the control room operators additional relevant information they can exploit to make well informed scheduling decisions. In this paper, we investigate if weather conditions in the region of the wind farms can be effective indicators of days when ramp events are likely. Using feature selection techniques from data mining, we show that some variables are more important than others and offer the potential of data-driven predictive models for days with ramp events.
{"title":"Associating weather conditions with ramp events in wind power generation","authors":"C. Kamath","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772527","url":null,"abstract":"As the percentage of wind energy on the power grid increases, the intermittent nature of this energy source can make it difficult to keep the generation and the load balanced. While wind speed forecasts can be helpful, they can often be inaccurate. In such cases, we are interested in providing the control room operators additional relevant information they can exploit to make well informed scheduling decisions. In this paper, we investigate if weather conditions in the region of the wind farms can be effective indicators of days when ramp events are likely. Using feature selection techniques from data mining, we show that some variables are more important than others and offer the potential of data-driven predictive models for days with ramp events.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126250717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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