Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772582
R. Varma
This paper provides a summary of one of the presentations planned under the Panel Session on “Dynamic Reactive Compensation” sponsored by the DC and FACTS Subcommittee. A brief description of the operating characteristics and control applications of different Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controllers is presented in this paper.
{"title":"Concepts of FACTS controllers","authors":"R. Varma","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772582","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a summary of one of the presentations planned under the Panel Session on “Dynamic Reactive Compensation” sponsored by the DC and FACTS Subcommittee. A brief description of the operating characteristics and control applications of different Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controllers is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114444543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772571
C. Feltes, R. van de Sandt, F. Koch, F. Shewarega, I. Erlich
The choice of the optimum neutral grounding option for a given network always involves a trade-off between the level of permissible short-circuit current on the one hand and tolerable voltage stress at the healthy phases following a single line to ground fault on the other. Effective grounding leads to high fault currents but the concomitant voltage stress is limited. The high fault current makes the fault detection and clearance easy. For conventional power transmission and distribution networks the available options are clear, and utilities have established grounding practices. But with increasing wind energy, it is necessary to take unique features of wind farms into consideration in choosing the most suitable neutral grounding option, at least for the wind farm grids. Based on EMT type simulation using a representative 144-MW wind farm grid, the paper provides an in-depth discussion of the pros and cons of the alternative grounding strategies vis-à-vis the relevant operational requirements within a large offshore wind farm, mainly focusing on the aspects of selectivity and voltage limitation. The level of over-voltages after tripping of the affected line for the feasible grounding options will be compared and contrasted with one another. Additionally, the effects of different voltage control strategies in the wind turbines on the over-voltages will be discussed and illustrated.
{"title":"Neutral grounding in wind farm medium voltage collector grids","authors":"C. Feltes, R. van de Sandt, F. Koch, F. Shewarega, I. Erlich","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772571","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of the optimum neutral grounding option for a given network always involves a trade-off between the level of permissible short-circuit current on the one hand and tolerable voltage stress at the healthy phases following a single line to ground fault on the other. Effective grounding leads to high fault currents but the concomitant voltage stress is limited. The high fault current makes the fault detection and clearance easy. For conventional power transmission and distribution networks the available options are clear, and utilities have established grounding practices. But with increasing wind energy, it is necessary to take unique features of wind farms into consideration in choosing the most suitable neutral grounding option, at least for the wind farm grids. Based on EMT type simulation using a representative 144-MW wind farm grid, the paper provides an in-depth discussion of the pros and cons of the alternative grounding strategies vis-à-vis the relevant operational requirements within a large offshore wind farm, mainly focusing on the aspects of selectivity and voltage limitation. The level of over-voltages after tripping of the affected line for the feasible grounding options will be compared and contrasted with one another. Additionally, the effects of different voltage control strategies in the wind turbines on the over-voltages will be discussed and illustrated.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114475901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772466
S. Depuru, Lingfeng Wang, V. Devabhaktuni
Most utility companies in developing countries are subjected to major financial losses because of non-technical losses (NTL). It is very difficult to detect and control potential causes of NTL in developing countries due to the poor infrastructure. Electricity theft and billing irregularities form the main portion of NTL. These losses affect quality of supply, electrical load on the generating station and tariffs imposed on electricity consumed by genuine customers. In light of these issues, this paper discusses the problems underlying detection of electricity theft, previously implemented ways for reducing theft. In addition, it presents the approximate energy consumption patterns of several customers involving theft. Energy consumption patterns of customers are compared with and without the presence of theft. A dataset of customer energy consumption pattern is developed based on the historical data. Then, support vector machines (SVMs) are trained with the data collected from smart meters, that represents all possible forms of theft and are tested on several customers. This data is classified based on rules and the suspicious energy consumption profiles are grouped. The classification results of electricity consumption data are also presented.
{"title":"Support vector machine based data classification for detection of electricity theft","authors":"S. Depuru, Lingfeng Wang, V. Devabhaktuni","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772466","url":null,"abstract":"Most utility companies in developing countries are subjected to major financial losses because of non-technical losses (NTL). It is very difficult to detect and control potential causes of NTL in developing countries due to the poor infrastructure. Electricity theft and billing irregularities form the main portion of NTL. These losses affect quality of supply, electrical load on the generating station and tariffs imposed on electricity consumed by genuine customers. In light of these issues, this paper discusses the problems underlying detection of electricity theft, previously implemented ways for reducing theft. In addition, it presents the approximate energy consumption patterns of several customers involving theft. Energy consumption patterns of customers are compared with and without the presence of theft. A dataset of customer energy consumption pattern is developed based on the historical data. Then, support vector machines (SVMs) are trained with the data collected from smart meters, that represents all possible forms of theft and are tested on several customers. This data is classified based on rules and the suspicious energy consumption profiles are grouped. The classification results of electricity consumption data are also presented.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"56 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117171038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772560
W. Shireen, A. Nagarajan, S. Patel
Performance, efficiency, cost of the power converters and their associated control, are important considerations for the commercialization of renewable power sources. In view of this, this paper proposes a reliable and low cost power electronics interface for photovoltaic energy systems, using a single DSP controller. The proposed approach achieves the following: (a) integrate the dc-dc converter control and inverter control by utilizing a single, low cost, fixed point Digital Signal Processor (DSP controller) (b) implement a fast converging MPP tracking method in the dc-dc converter stage (c) reduce the size of the dc-link capacitor by using a modified pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for single phase inverter control.
{"title":"A reliable low cost power electronics interface for photovoltaic energy systems using a single DSP controller","authors":"W. Shireen, A. Nagarajan, S. Patel","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772560","url":null,"abstract":"Performance, efficiency, cost of the power converters and their associated control, are important considerations for the commercialization of renewable power sources. In view of this, this paper proposes a reliable and low cost power electronics interface for photovoltaic energy systems, using a single DSP controller. The proposed approach achieves the following: (a) integrate the dc-dc converter control and inverter control by utilizing a single, low cost, fixed point Digital Signal Processor (DSP controller) (b) implement a fast converging MPP tracking method in the dc-dc converter stage (c) reduce the size of the dc-link capacitor by using a modified pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for single phase inverter control.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115199253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772500
S. Teleke, A. Yazdani, B. Gudimetla, J. Enslin, J. Castaneda
The application of a STATCOM can help to alleviate some of the power quality issues encountered within a refinery consisting of large induction machine loads. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the improvements obtained with STATCOM for this purpose and also to evaluate economical benefits obtained with it. First, the paper identifies the power quality and other issues around the refinery in the Southern California Edison system. Computer simulations show that the application of a STATCOM can help the big motor load to survive under the most severe contingencies occurring in the area. The analysis also demonstrates that the STATCOM with appropriate controller can be very effective in harmonic reduction.
{"title":"Application of STATCOM for power quality improvement","authors":"S. Teleke, A. Yazdani, B. Gudimetla, J. Enslin, J. Castaneda","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772500","url":null,"abstract":"The application of a STATCOM can help to alleviate some of the power quality issues encountered within a refinery consisting of large induction machine loads. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the improvements obtained with STATCOM for this purpose and also to evaluate economical benefits obtained with it. First, the paper identifies the power quality and other issues around the refinery in the Southern California Edison system. Computer simulations show that the application of a STATCOM can help the big motor load to survive under the most severe contingencies occurring in the area. The analysis also demonstrates that the STATCOM with appropriate controller can be very effective in harmonic reduction.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115475286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772609
P. Du, Zhenyu Huang, R. Diao, Barry Lee, K. Anderson
Power system model integrity is essential to many planning and operation tasks to ensure the safety and reliability of electricity delivery. Inaccurate system models would result in unreliable assessment of system security conditions and cause large-scale blackouts such as the 2003 Northeast Blackout. This dictates a strong need for model calibration and verification, which should be done periodically and preferably in an automatic manner. Our previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of applying Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to calibrate generator parameters using disturbance data recorded by phasor measurement units (PMU). This paper proposes to use a Riccati equation to investigate EKF's performance, especially regarding parameter identifiability. The covariance, which can be derived from the Riccati equation, offers insight into the uncertainties of parameters estimated by the EKF-based method. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Application of Kalman filter to improve model integrity for securing electricity delivery","authors":"P. Du, Zhenyu Huang, R. Diao, Barry Lee, K. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772609","url":null,"abstract":"Power system model integrity is essential to many planning and operation tasks to ensure the safety and reliability of electricity delivery. Inaccurate system models would result in unreliable assessment of system security conditions and cause large-scale blackouts such as the 2003 Northeast Blackout. This dictates a strong need for model calibration and verification, which should be done periodically and preferably in an automatic manner. Our previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of applying Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to calibrate generator parameters using disturbance data recorded by phasor measurement units (PMU). This paper proposes to use a Riccati equation to investigate EKF's performance, especially regarding parameter identifiability. The covariance, which can be derived from the Riccati equation, offers insight into the uncertainties of parameters estimated by the EKF-based method. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122434154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772471
Jorge Martinez, P. C. Kjar, P. Rodríguez, R. Teodorescu
Larger percentages of wind power penetration translate into more demanding requirements from the grid codes; for example voltage support at the point of connection has been introduced recently by several grid codes from around the world, making it important to analyze this control when applied to wind power plants. This paper proposes two different VAr reserve control strategies for a wind power plant. The amount of dynamic VAr available most of the operation time, makes the wind power plant (WPP) a good candidate to include a VAr reserve management system. Two different ways of implementing a VAr management system are proposed and analyzed. Such a reactive power reserve may be provided by the wind power plant since the amount of reactive power installed for most active power working points exceeds the demand required by the grid operator. Basically, this overrated reactive power capacity is a consequence of sizing wind turbine facilities for maximum active power level. The reactive power losses, due to active power transportation inside the plant (normally two transformers), and P-Q wind turbine characteristics define the P-Q reserve chart. By utilizing the intrinsic overrated reactive power capacity, additional devices, such as for example SVCs and STATCOMs, can be avoided in other locations of the grid.
{"title":"VAr reserve concept applied to a wind power plant","authors":"Jorge Martinez, P. C. Kjar, P. Rodríguez, R. Teodorescu","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772471","url":null,"abstract":"Larger percentages of wind power penetration translate into more demanding requirements from the grid codes; for example voltage support at the point of connection has been introduced recently by several grid codes from around the world, making it important to analyze this control when applied to wind power plants. This paper proposes two different VAr reserve control strategies for a wind power plant. The amount of dynamic VAr available most of the operation time, makes the wind power plant (WPP) a good candidate to include a VAr reserve management system. Two different ways of implementing a VAr management system are proposed and analyzed. Such a reactive power reserve may be provided by the wind power plant since the amount of reactive power installed for most active power working points exceeds the demand required by the grid operator. Basically, this overrated reactive power capacity is a consequence of sizing wind turbine facilities for maximum active power level. The reactive power losses, due to active power transportation inside the plant (normally two transformers), and P-Q wind turbine characteristics define the P-Q reserve chart. By utilizing the intrinsic overrated reactive power capacity, additional devices, such as for example SVCs and STATCOMs, can be avoided in other locations of the grid.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124233193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772599
Guang Lin, N. Zhou, T. Ferryman, F. Tuffner
This paper proposes a probabilistic collocation method (PCM) to quantify the uncertainties in state estimation. Comparing to classic Monte-Carlo (MC) method, the proposed PCM is based on sparse grid points and uses a smaller number of sparse grid points to quantify the uncertainty. Thus, the proposed PCM can quantify a large number of uncertain power system variables with relatively lower computational cost. The algorithm and procedure are outlined. The proposed PCM is applied to IEEE 14 bus system to quantify the uncertainty of power system state estimation. Comparison is made with MC method. The simulation results shows that the proposed PCM can achieve same accuracy as MC method with smaller ensemble size and thus is computationally more efficient than MC method.
{"title":"Uncertainty quantification in state estimation using the probabilistic collocation method","authors":"Guang Lin, N. Zhou, T. Ferryman, F. Tuffner","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a probabilistic collocation method (PCM) to quantify the uncertainties in state estimation. Comparing to classic Monte-Carlo (MC) method, the proposed PCM is based on sparse grid points and uses a smaller number of sparse grid points to quantify the uncertainty. Thus, the proposed PCM can quantify a large number of uncertain power system variables with relatively lower computational cost. The algorithm and procedure are outlined. The proposed PCM is applied to IEEE 14 bus system to quantify the uncertainty of power system state estimation. Comparison is made with MC method. The simulation results shows that the proposed PCM can achieve same accuracy as MC method with smaller ensemble size and thus is computationally more efficient than MC method.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125464117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-20DOI: 10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772563
Ye Tao, A. Meliopoulos
This paper proposes an optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm based on quadratic modeling and incremental loading of the network. The proposed OPF algorithm is robust and highly efficient for large-scale power systems. Robustness is achieved by the design of the algorithm to operate on infeasible but optimal points and move towards the feasible and optimal operating point. Efficiency is achieved by (a) the design of the algorithm to include mainly the active constraints and therefore reducing the problem size and (b) quadratic modeling that provides faster solution times of the network update solutions. The algorithm guarantees a solution. In case that an optimal solution does not exist, it provides the best solution, the constraints that cannot be satisfied and the remedial actions necessary to satisfy the operating constraints. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed algorithm converges fast and the convergence speed is not affected by system size.
{"title":"Optimal power flow via quadratic power flow","authors":"Ye Tao, A. Meliopoulos","doi":"10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2011.5772563","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm based on quadratic modeling and incremental loading of the network. The proposed OPF algorithm is robust and highly efficient for large-scale power systems. Robustness is achieved by the design of the algorithm to operate on infeasible but optimal points and move towards the feasible and optimal operating point. Efficiency is achieved by (a) the design of the algorithm to include mainly the active constraints and therefore reducing the problem size and (b) quadratic modeling that provides faster solution times of the network update solutions. The algorithm guarantees a solution. In case that an optimal solution does not exist, it provides the best solution, the constraints that cannot be satisfied and the remedial actions necessary to satisfy the operating constraints. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed algorithm converges fast and the convergence speed is not affected by system size.","PeriodicalId":120665,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131256336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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