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Senescence in Aging, Within the Brain and Other Diseases: Mechanisms and Interventions 衰老、脑内和其他疾病中的衰老:机制和干预
Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00018
S. Chakrabarti, D. Chattopadhyay
© 2023 The Author(s). This article has been published under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits noncommercial unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the following statement is provided. “This article has been published in Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine at https://doi.org/10.14218/ERHM.2023.00018 and can also be viewed on the Journal’s website at https://www.xiahepublishing.com/journal/erhm ”.
©2023作者。本文遵循知识共享署名-非商业4.0国际许可协议(CC BY-NC 4.0)的条款发布,该协议允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,前提是提供以下声明。“这篇文章发表在医学探索性研究和假设网站https://doi.org/10.14218/ERHM.2023.00018上,也可以在该杂志的网站https://www.xiahepublishing.com/journal/erhm上查看。”
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引用次数: 0
The Association between Consumption of Bitter-taste Vegetables in Asian Culture and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Children: A Narrative Review 亚洲文化中食用苦味蔬菜与儿童代谢综合征危险因素的关系:一项叙述性综述
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00129
W. Yang, Kah Yen Lim, Pei-Ling Yen, S. Ong, N. Naumovski, R. Jani
Childhood obesity has been escalating in Asian countries in recent decades resulting in the younger age groups being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Brassicaceae vegetables that contain high bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties might be beneficial in preventing MetS. This narrative review presents; (a) the consumption of vegetables in the world population and the availability of bitter-taste vegetables in Asian culture; (b) the interaction between food preference and childhood obesity and (c) potential associations between the consumption of bitter-taste vegetables in Asian culture and clinical outcomes. A number of online searches were conducted for publications in the English language from the year 1990 until October 2022 with a two-step search strategy adopted: initial searches were conducted in four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library), and a second search using all identified keywords and indexes by including two additional electronic databases (ProQuest and Scopus). The keywords included “bitter”; “vegetables”; “weight status”; “metabolic profile”, “Asia”, “culture”, and “children”. Brassica vegetables in Asian countries are abundantly available and commonly consumed, yet the overall vegetable intake in children was inadequate or below the recommended daily intake. Childhood obesity can be influenced by their preference for and consumption of bitter-taste vegetables, and excessive body weight is associated with the risk of developing MetS. It remains inconclusive whether brassicas vegetables play a dominant role in the group. Future longitudinal studies to investigate the taste sensitivity, vegetable acceptance, and effect of brassicas vegetables on the risk of MetS in Asian children are warranted.
近几十年来,儿童肥胖在亚洲国家呈上升趋势,导致较年轻的年龄组被诊断为代谢综合征(MetS)。十字花科蔬菜含有具有抗炎和抗氧化特性的高生物活性化合物,可能有助于预防MetS。这篇叙述性的回顾提出;(a)世界人口对蔬菜的消费和亚洲文化中苦味蔬菜的供应;(b)食物偏好与儿童肥胖之间的相互作用;(c)亚洲文化中食用苦味蔬菜与临床结果之间的潜在关联。从1990年到2022年10月,对英语出版物进行了大量的在线搜索,采用了两步搜索策略:在四个电子数据库(MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE和Cochrane Library)中进行了首次搜索,并通过包括两个额外的电子数据库(ProQuest和Scopus)使用所有确定的关键词和索引进行了第二次搜索。关键词包括“苦”;“蔬菜”;“体重”;“代谢概况”、“亚洲”、“文化”和“儿童”。在亚洲国家,芸苔类蔬菜供应充足,消费普遍,但儿童的蔬菜总摄入量不足或低于每日推荐摄入量。儿童肥胖可能受到他们对苦味蔬菜的偏好和消费的影响,体重过重与患MetS的风险有关。目前还不确定芸苔类蔬菜是否在该群体中起主导作用。未来有必要进行纵向研究,以调查亚洲儿童的味觉敏感性、蔬菜接受度以及芸苔类蔬菜对MetS风险的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Clampless Beating Heart Mitral Valve Replacement in Dilated Cardiomyopathy 扩张型心肌病无夹钳搏动心脏二尖瓣置换术
Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00024
A. Boukhmis, Mohammed El-Amin Nouar, K. Khacha, Yacine Djouaher
Patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR), the majority of which is ischemic, often have atherosclerotic ascending aorta and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. In these patients, restrictive mitral annuloplasty is associated with a high rate of MR recurrence, aortic cross-clamping increases the stroke rate, and cardioplegic arrest increases postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. To avoid these complications, beating heart mitral valve replacement without aortic cross-clamping has been proposed. Here, we describe two male patients, aged 71 and 54 years, with severe SMR and low left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (24% and 30%, respectively). Beating-heart mitral valve replacement with total chordal sparing was performed without aortic cross-clamping through a full sternotomy. Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass was easily achieved without use of inotropes. The duration of mechanical ventilation (3 and 6 hours, respectively) and intensive care (24 and 48 hours, respectively) was short. Neither patients presented with postoperative neurological disorders. After a mean follow-up of 66 months, both patients were asymptomatic, without prosthetic valve dysfunction, and their LVEF reached 42% and 51%, respectively. This cases study indicates that for patients with SMR with impaired LV function who are at high risk for cardioplegic arrest, clampless beating heart mitral valve replacement with total preservation of the subvalvular apparatus could reduce stroke incidence, preserve peri-operative LVEF, and allow reverse LV remodeling.
继发性二尖瓣反流(SMR)患者,其中大多数是缺血性的,通常有动脉粥样硬化性升主动脉和左心室功能障碍。在这些患者中,限制性二尖瓣成形术与MR复发率高相关,主动脉交叉夹紧增加卒中发生率,心脏骤停增加术后低心输出量综合征。为了避免这些并发症,已经提出了不经主动脉交叉夹紧的心脏搏动二尖瓣置换术。在这里,我们描述了两名男性患者,年龄分别为71岁和54岁,患有严重的SMR和低左心室射血分数(LVEF)(分别为24%和30%)。心脏搏动二尖瓣置换术,保留全部脊索,不经胸骨切开主动脉交叉夹紧。在不使用肌力药物的情况下,很容易实现体外循环的脱机。机械通气时间(分别为3、6小时)和重症监护时间(分别为24、48小时)较短。两例患者均未出现术后神经系统疾病。平均随访66个月后,两例患者无症状,无人工瓣膜功能障碍,LVEF分别达到42%和51%。本病例研究表明,对于伴有左室功能受损的SMR患者,其心脏骤停风险较高,无夹搏动心脏二尖瓣置换术可降低卒中发生率,保留瓣下器官,并可实现左室的逆转重构。
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引用次数: 0
Type 2 Diabetes: Is it Time to Target β-cell Heterogeneity? 2型糖尿病:是时候瞄准β细胞异质性了吗?
Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00028
M. Balasubramanyam
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引用次数: 0
Qingfei Paidu Decoction Inhibits LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury by Targeting the Complement Pathway 清肺排毒汤通过补体途径抑制lps诱导的急性肺损伤
Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00127
Dandan Shi, Luna Ge, Lei Yan, Yuang Zhang, Ting Wang, Yun Geng, H. Fan, Ruojia Zhang, Zhurui Shao, Longjie Hu, Jianli Zhao, Shufeng Li, Yi Li, Haojun Shi, Jihong Pan, G. Song, Lin Wang
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引用次数: 0
Anemia: A Potential Source of Bias in Clinical Trials of Angiogenesis Inhibitors: A Hypothesis 贫血:血管生成抑制剂临床试验的潜在偏倚来源:一个假设
Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00013
R. Rastmanesh
Although anemia may cause angiogenesis and neovascularization, especially in ocular situations, neither published nonran-domized clinical trials nor registered clinical trials have reported the anemia status as inclusion or exclusion criteria in their design. Increases in the circulating levels of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor are proportional to the levels of tissue hypoxia, which are influenced by hematocrit. Erythropoietin is a potent retinal angiogenic factor that is independent of endothelial growth factor and is capable of stimulating ischemia-induced retinal angiogenesis. We suggest that clinical trials investigating anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for retinal neovascularization should measure appropriate variables such as serum erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, hemoglobin, and hematocrit to yield preliminary data for future trials of angiogenesis inhibitors. Ignoring the anemia status, serum erythropoietin, and/or vascular endothelial growth factor levels could create clinical uncertainty and subtle statistical bias in both systematic reviews and nonrandomized clinical trials that aim to evaluate the efficiency of angiogenesis inhibitors in several medical situations, including but not limited to ocular alterations, rheumatoid arthritis, and many types of cancer, just to mention a few. Implications of this type of bias could be involved in other disease situations in which angiogenesis inhibitors are used for medication, such as different carcinomas as well as metastases. In this hypothesis paper, we suggest that clinical trials of angiogenesis inhibitors should measure appropriate variables such as serum erythropoietin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit and match their participants by anemia and its severity to avoid a game-changing bias in their data analysis.
尽管贫血可能导致血管生成和新生血管形成,特别是在眼部情况下,但已发表的非随机临床试验和已注册的临床试验均未将贫血状态作为其设计的纳入或排除标准。红细胞生成素和血管内皮生长因子循环水平的增加与组织缺氧水平成正比,组织缺氧受红细胞压积的影响。促红细胞生成素是一种有效的视网膜血管生成因子,它独立于内皮生长因子,能够刺激缺血诱导的视网膜血管生成。我们建议,研究抗血管内皮生长因子治疗视网膜新生血管的临床试验应该测量适当的变量,如血清促红细胞生成素、血管内皮生长因子、血红蛋白和红细胞压积,为血管生成抑制剂的未来试验提供初步数据。忽略贫血状态、血清促红细胞生成素和/或血管内皮生长因子水平可能会在系统评价和非随机临床试验中产生临床不确定性和微妙的统计偏差,这些试验旨在评估血管生成抑制剂在几种医学情况下的有效性,包括但不限于眼部病变、类风湿关节炎和许多类型的癌症,仅举几例。这种类型的偏倚可能涉及血管生成抑制剂用于药物治疗的其他疾病情况,例如不同的癌症和转移。在这篇假设论文中,我们建议血管生成抑制剂的临床试验应该测量适当的变量,如血清促红细胞生成素、血红蛋白和红细胞压积,并根据贫血及其严重程度匹配参与者,以避免在数据分析中出现改变游戏规则的偏差。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Crosstalk Between Vitamin D and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 维生素D与非酒精性脂肪肝之间的分子串扰
Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00019
Subendu Sarkar
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. The worldwide increasing prevalence of NAFLD has become a cause of concern for clinicians. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of NAFLD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Moreover, therapeutic interventions are presently limited. Balanced diet, physical exercise and lifestyle modifications have been recommended. Several studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency is correlated with NAFLD, and it’s supplementation may play a vital role in this regard. Sufficient information was obtained from full articles written in the English language, and accessible in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. The increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains as a global health risk factor, and this is linked to NAFLD pathogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials have revealed the beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation to control NAFLD. Vitamin D potentially regulates the molecular pathways associated with NAFLD risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. It acts on adipocytes to control free fatty acid (FFA) trafficking, lipogenesis, and inflammation. Similarly, vitamin D acts on hepatocytes to reduce de novo lipogenesis and cellular FFA trafficking. Furthermore, it acts on pancreatic β-cells to im - prove insulin secretion, cell survival, and cellular functions. Vitamin D supplementation improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. In addition, it decreases inflammation and liver injury, and acts on mitochondria to control reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular toxicity. Vitamin D deficiency is a major risk factor for NAFLD pathogenesis. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct molecular level analysis for further discernments
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是慢性肝病的主要原因之一。全球范围内NAFLD患病率的上升已经成为临床医生关注的一个原因。此外,NAFLD发病的分子机制尚不清楚。此外,治疗干预目前是有限的。建议均衡饮食、体育锻炼和改变生活方式。几项研究表明,维生素D缺乏与NAFLD有关,补充维生素D可能在这方面起着至关重要的作用。充分的信息是从用英语撰写的完整文章中获得的,并且可以在PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science和Scopus中访问。维生素D缺乏症的日益流行仍然是一个全球健康风险因素,这与NAFLD的发病机制有关。体外和体内研究以及临床试验显示,补充维生素D对控制NAFLD有有益作用。维生素D可能调节与NAFLD风险因素相关的分子途径,如肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病。它作用于脂肪细胞,控制游离脂肪酸(FFA)的运输、脂肪生成和炎症。同样,维生素D作用于肝细胞,减少新生脂肪生成和细胞游离脂肪酸运输。此外,它还作用于胰腺β细胞,改善胰岛素分泌、细胞存活和细胞功能。补充维生素D可以改善葡萄糖摄取和胰岛素敏感性。此外,它还能减少炎症和肝损伤,并作用于线粒体来控制活性氧(ROS)介导的细胞毒性。维生素D缺乏是NAFLD发病的主要危险因素。因此,迫切需要进行分子水平分析以进一步鉴别
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引用次数: 0
Surgical Site Infections: Prevalence, Economic Burden, and New Preventive Recommendations 手术部位感染:流行、经济负担和新的预防建议
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00010
Gülseren Maraş, Y. Sürme
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引用次数: 0
Cortical Brain Response to Acute Bouts of Exercise in Patients with Severe Psychiatric Disorders: Report of Three Cases 重度精神疾病患者急性运动时皮质脑反应:附3例报告
Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00011
R. Monteiro-Júnior, Iaggo Raphael David, Iara Heloísa Ramos Mendes, Luciana Aparecida Coutinho, Biancart José Monteiro Júnior, H. N. Oliva
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引用次数: 2
The Origin of BPH and Prostate Cancer in Different Prostate Zones and the Impact on the Incidence of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Update of the Literature for Urologists and Clinicians 不同前列腺区域的前列腺增生和前列腺癌的起源及其对前列腺癌发病率的影响:泌尿科医生和临床医生文献的系统回顾和更新
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00120
Jake Sellers, Sarah Neal Secrest Horne, W. D. de Riese
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine
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