: India’s decision to pull out from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was a surprise to analysts as RCEP is currently the most significant Free Trade Agreement (FTA). This paper examines the rationality of India’s decision. We used gravity set-up and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator to analyse India’s export and import data for nine sectors with 45 trading partners for the period 2001-2021. The results show that India’s export is inelastic to tariff while import to India is elastic to tariff. Export remains positive despite tariff on Indian export while import declines with tariff imposed by India. This rationalizes India’s decision to pull out from RCEP. At the sectoral level, tariff elimination reduces India’s export of vegetables, food, minerals and chemicals, plastics and plastics goods. However, tariff elimination increases India’s export of animal and animal food, leather, wood and wood products, textiles and foot ware. Tariff elimination increases import of vegetable, food stuffs, chemicals, plastic and leather to India. The sectoral results show that India has reason to doubt its gain from joining RCEP as the sectoral results are mixed and the overall gain might not be in favour of India.
{"title":"Why did India Pull Out of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)? A Gravity Explanation of the Indian Puzzle","authors":"None Gour Gobinda Goswami, None Md. Rubaiyath Sarwar, Mostafizur Rahman, None Dulal Chandra Panday, None Ishrat Jahan Ishita, Tahmid Labib, None Nartam Vivekanand Motiram","doi":"10.5109/7148433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7148433","url":null,"abstract":": India’s decision to pull out from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was a surprise to analysts as RCEP is currently the most significant Free Trade Agreement (FTA). This paper examines the rationality of India’s decision. We used gravity set-up and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator to analyse India’s export and import data for nine sectors with 45 trading partners for the period 2001-2021. The results show that India’s export is inelastic to tariff while import to India is elastic to tariff. Export remains positive despite tariff on Indian export while import declines with tariff imposed by India. This rationalizes India’s decision to pull out from RCEP. At the sectoral level, tariff elimination reduces India’s export of vegetables, food, minerals and chemicals, plastics and plastics goods. However, tariff elimination increases India’s export of animal and animal food, leather, wood and wood products, textiles and foot ware. Tariff elimination increases import of vegetable, food stuffs, chemicals, plastic and leather to India. The sectoral results show that India has reason to doubt its gain from joining RCEP as the sectoral results are mixed and the overall gain might not be in favour of India.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Ni Made Wiratini, Wega Trisunaryanti, None Triyono, Agus Kuncaka
: The SiO 2 /NiO/Ni nanocomposite electrocatalyst was prepared by the electrodeposition method. The characterization results of SEM-EDX, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD showed that SiO 2 /NiO/Ni nanocomposite electrocatalyst was deposited on the graphite surface. Furthermore, the G/SiO 2 /NiO/Ni nanocomposites had higher electrocatalytic activity and surface area than that of graphite. The optimal condition for electrochemical removal of RB-5 using G/SiO 2 /NiO/Ni electrode was reached at 0.05 M NaCl and pH 4 for 60 min with 100% absorbance removal efficiency. The highest COD removal efficiency of 92.85% was obtained with G/SiO 2 /NiO/Ni, while the lowest of 67.57% was achieved using graphite electrodes. Based on the LC-MS analysis results, the electrochemical removal of RB-5 produced naphthalene, aromatic, and aliphatic compounds.
{"title":"Electrochemical Removal of Remazol Black 5 (RB-5) Using SiO_2/NiO/Ni Nanocomposite Electrocatalyst Deposited on the Surface of Graphite Electrodes","authors":"None Ni Made Wiratini, Wega Trisunaryanti, None Triyono, Agus Kuncaka","doi":"10.5109/7151673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151673","url":null,"abstract":": The SiO 2 /NiO/Ni nanocomposite electrocatalyst was prepared by the electrodeposition method. The characterization results of SEM-EDX, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD showed that SiO 2 /NiO/Ni nanocomposite electrocatalyst was deposited on the graphite surface. Furthermore, the G/SiO 2 /NiO/Ni nanocomposites had higher electrocatalytic activity and surface area than that of graphite. The optimal condition for electrochemical removal of RB-5 using G/SiO 2 /NiO/Ni electrode was reached at 0.05 M NaCl and pH 4 for 60 min with 100% absorbance removal efficiency. The highest COD removal efficiency of 92.85% was obtained with G/SiO 2 /NiO/Ni, while the lowest of 67.57% was achieved using graphite electrodes. Based on the LC-MS analysis results, the electrochemical removal of RB-5 produced naphthalene, aromatic, and aliphatic compounds.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A flat carriage is a vehicle type without a body and a roof for transporting goods, designed to meet the needs of heavy goods. Several conceptions are elaborated, with respect to capacity of 57-ton recommended to 2x20 feet containers. The aim of the paper follows determining the strength and durability of the flat carriage under operational loading at accordance with the required criteria and using a fatigue limit diagram approach based on the Soderberg method. This research was conducted with static and dynamic tests. The sections for 50 strain gauges were indicated based on data from to the finite element method. The results showed that in the case of vertical static loading, the maximum stress on the flat carriage structure occurred at full vertical load (50,050 kg) in the end centre sill area, at single measuring location no. 24, with a value of 59.8 MPa, and the results of the static test were still below the allowable stress of the material at 243.8 MPa. Meanwhile, at the dynamic loading conditions, the greatest stress occurred at single measuring location no. 24 with mean stress value of 59.7 MPa, stress amplitude was 17.8 MPa, and at single measuring location no. 23 with mean and stress amplitude values of 59.6 MPa and 34.4 MPa, respectively. The results of the analysis showed that the mean stress value (σ mean ) and amplitude stress value (σ amp ) were still below the fatigue limit curve of the Soderberg diagram. From the results of this research, it was concluded that the 57-ton flat carriage prototype construction/structure, under static and dynamic loads, can be manufactured as many as operational needed.
{"title":"Structural Strength Analysis of 57-Ton Capacity Flat Carriage Coal Transporter with 2x20 Feet Container Subjected to Operation Conditions","authors":"Muchamad Gozali, Makmuri Nuramin, None Djoko Wahyu Karmiadji, Wahyu Sulistiyo, Hedi Purnomo","doi":"10.5109/7151770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151770","url":null,"abstract":": A flat carriage is a vehicle type without a body and a roof for transporting goods, designed to meet the needs of heavy goods. Several conceptions are elaborated, with respect to capacity of 57-ton recommended to 2x20 feet containers. The aim of the paper follows determining the strength and durability of the flat carriage under operational loading at accordance with the required criteria and using a fatigue limit diagram approach based on the Soderberg method. This research was conducted with static and dynamic tests. The sections for 50 strain gauges were indicated based on data from to the finite element method. The results showed that in the case of vertical static loading, the maximum stress on the flat carriage structure occurred at full vertical load (50,050 kg) in the end centre sill area, at single measuring location no. 24, with a value of 59.8 MPa, and the results of the static test were still below the allowable stress of the material at 243.8 MPa. Meanwhile, at the dynamic loading conditions, the greatest stress occurred at single measuring location no. 24 with mean stress value of 59.7 MPa, stress amplitude was 17.8 MPa, and at single measuring location no. 23 with mean and stress amplitude values of 59.6 MPa and 34.4 MPa, respectively. The results of the analysis showed that the mean stress value (σ mean ) and amplitude stress value (σ amp ) were still below the fatigue limit curve of the Soderberg diagram. From the results of this research, it was concluded that the 57-ton flat carriage prototype construction/structure, under static and dynamic loads, can be manufactured as many as operational needed.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is a country that has an abundant amount of solar energy. Air Heating is a famous application of solar energy. The heated air can be used in industry in number of application like crop drying, wood seasoning and in refinery. The Solar Air Heater is the device which is used for heating the air with the help of solar energy. In this study, the two designs of solar air heatesr analyzed and compared. The first design consists of triangular fins produced over absorber plate and second one has the tin can pipes fixed over the absorber plate. The comparison of both solar heaters was made based on Heat transfer rate, efficiency, Nusselt number, friction factor and pressure drop. The average enhancement in temperature difference is found 32.77 °C and 30.18 °C in October and 22.64 °C and 20.42 °C in December in Can Solar Air Heater (CSAH) and Ribs Solar Air Heater (RSAH) respectively. In CSAH, the average heat transfer rate is improved by 7.65 % and 10.17% in October and December respectively as compared to RSAH. The Performance of CSAH is more than 7.17% and 12.41% as compared to RSAH in months of October and December. The finding showed that the CSAH works better than the RSAH in forced convection. In both types of Solar heaters it is found that as enhancement in mass flow rate increase the pressure drop and Nusselt number but the friction factor decreases. Both designs of SAH namely CSAH and RSAH are new in the area of solar air heater and proved to be very effective in transfer the heat and creating the turbulence in the air flow path.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Ribs and Cans Type Solar Air Heater","authors":"Niraj Kumar, None Manoj Kumar Singh, None Vinod Singh Yadav, Vineet Singh, Anurag Maheswari","doi":"10.5109/7151694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151694","url":null,"abstract":"India is a country that has an abundant amount of solar energy. Air Heating is a famous application of solar energy. The heated air can be used in industry in number of application like crop drying, wood seasoning and in refinery. The Solar Air Heater is the device which is used for heating the air with the help of solar energy. In this study, the two designs of solar air heatesr analyzed and compared. The first design consists of triangular fins produced over absorber plate and second one has the tin can pipes fixed over the absorber plate. The comparison of both solar heaters was made based on Heat transfer rate, efficiency, Nusselt number, friction factor and pressure drop. The average enhancement in temperature difference is found 32.77 °C and 30.18 °C in October and 22.64 °C and 20.42 °C in December in Can Solar Air Heater (CSAH) and Ribs Solar Air Heater (RSAH) respectively. In CSAH, the average heat transfer rate is improved by 7.65 % and 10.17% in October and December respectively as compared to RSAH. The Performance of CSAH is more than 7.17% and 12.41% as compared to RSAH in months of October and December. The finding showed that the CSAH works better than the RSAH in forced convection. In both types of Solar heaters it is found that as enhancement in mass flow rate increase the pressure drop and Nusselt number but the friction factor decreases. Both designs of SAH namely CSAH and RSAH are new in the area of solar air heater and proved to be very effective in transfer the heat and creating the turbulence in the air flow path.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This paper will examine the position of martial rape in legal sphere and argue that how far criminalization of Spousal Rape is required for Indian society by referring legislative measures and judicial decisions and justify that existed remedies in laws for such kind of action are not enough and more stringent laws should be made to safeguard the self-esteem of women. Making the Spousal Rape offence is required to be recognized for various reasons like Spousal Rape is against the Indian Constitutional mandates as well as other national and international conventions. While on the other hands, sanctity attached to the institution of marriage in India, importance of right to privacy of married couples, and the legal and cultural sanctity bestowed with marital relations are the justifications for non-criminalization of Spousal Rape. The researcher conclude that criminalization of Spousal Rape is need of an hour for Indian society and social, cultural, and legal hurdles should not be given more weightage over the dignity and privacy of the women in India.
{"title":"Criminalization of Spousal Rape in India: An Interference into the Marital Sphere of Spouse, Culture and Social Structure of the Indian Society","authors":"Hemant Singh, Vinod Kumar, Radha Naruka","doi":"10.5109/7151672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151672","url":null,"abstract":": This paper will examine the position of martial rape in legal sphere and argue that how far criminalization of Spousal Rape is required for Indian society by referring legislative measures and judicial decisions and justify that existed remedies in laws for such kind of action are not enough and more stringent laws should be made to safeguard the self-esteem of women. Making the Spousal Rape offence is required to be recognized for various reasons like Spousal Rape is against the Indian Constitutional mandates as well as other national and international conventions. While on the other hands, sanctity attached to the institution of marriage in India, importance of right to privacy of married couples, and the legal and cultural sanctity bestowed with marital relations are the justifications for non-criminalization of Spousal Rape. The researcher conclude that criminalization of Spousal Rape is need of an hour for Indian society and social, cultural, and legal hurdles should not be given more weightage over the dignity and privacy of the women in India.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The bipedal walking robot is an advanced anthropomorphic robot that can mimic the human ability to walk. Controlling the bipedal walking robot is difficult due to its nonlinearity and complexity. To solve this problem, recent studies have applied various machine learning algorithms based on reinforcement learning approaches, however most of them rely on deterministic-policy-based strategy. This research proposes Soft Actor Critic (SAC), which has stochastic policy strategy for controlling the bipedal walking robot. The option thought deterministic and stochastic policy affects the exploration of DRL algorithm. The SAC is a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based algorithm whose improvement obtained through the augmented entropy-based expected return allows the SAC algorithm to learn faster, gain exploration ability, and still ensure convergence. The SAC algorithm’s performance is validated with a bipedal robot to walk towards the straight-line trajectory. The number of the reward and the cumulative reward during the training is used as the algorithm's performance evaluation. The SAC algorithm controls the bipedal walking robot well with a total reward of 384,752.8.
{"title":"A Trajectory Control for Bipedal Walking Robot Using Stochastic-Based Continuous Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Atikah Surriani, Oyas Wahyunggoro, None Adha Imam Cahyadi","doi":"10.5109/7151701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151701","url":null,"abstract":": The bipedal walking robot is an advanced anthropomorphic robot that can mimic the human ability to walk. Controlling the bipedal walking robot is difficult due to its nonlinearity and complexity. To solve this problem, recent studies have applied various machine learning algorithms based on reinforcement learning approaches, however most of them rely on deterministic-policy-based strategy. This research proposes Soft Actor Critic (SAC), which has stochastic policy strategy for controlling the bipedal walking robot. The option thought deterministic and stochastic policy affects the exploration of DRL algorithm. The SAC is a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based algorithm whose improvement obtained through the augmented entropy-based expected return allows the SAC algorithm to learn faster, gain exploration ability, and still ensure convergence. The SAC algorithm’s performance is validated with a bipedal robot to walk towards the straight-line trajectory. The number of the reward and the cumulative reward during the training is used as the algorithm's performance evaluation. The SAC algorithm controls the bipedal walking robot well with a total reward of 384,752.8.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In the present investigation, friction stir solid state process has been used to develop a functionally graded composite material reinforced with Si 3 N 4 (Silicon nitride). The main aim of the current investigation is to develop a low density high strength silica reinforced aluminum based composite material develop by friction stir processing (FSP) process for aerospace and defence applications. FGM (Functionally Graded Composite Material) has been prepared by taking two dissimilar aluminium plates with Si 3 N 4 as reinforcement content through friction stir processing (FSP) technique. To evaluate the mechanical properties of developed composite material tensile testing, hardness testing, thermal expansion and corrosion test have been performed. The tensile testing revealed the tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation of the developed composite material. Further the hardness testing estimated the scratch resistance. Microstructures results of Si 3 N 4 reinforced FGM composite showed the proper mixing of the ceramic particle in functionally graded materials (Al6063 and Al8011) at optimum FSP parameter. Effects of FSP parameters like Cutting fluid, Tool shape, Tool speed on tensile strength and hardness of FGM composite reinforced with Si 3 N 4 ceramic particles were studied by using Taguchi’s technique L9 Orthogonal Array. The experimental results revealed that the highest tensile Strength is observed as 133.05 N/mm 2 at 1460 rpm for square shaped tool with kerosene as lubricant. Further lower values of tensile Strength i.e., 73.65 N/mm 2 at 920 rpm and 78 N/mm 2 at 2260 rpm are observed. Tensile Strength was good for kerosene with square tool shape and least for triangular and circular tool shape. The hardness of fabricated composite was good for circular tool shape and low speed (i.e., 920 rpm) but continuously decreases when tool shape is different. Hardness is good for brine solution at any tool speed but least for kerosene with any tool speed. The hardness of FGM composite was good for brine solution with any tool shape.
{"title":"An Investigation on The Mechanical Properties of FSP Processed Silicon Nitride Reinforced Aluminum Composite","authors":"None Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, None Tarun Kumar Gupta, Ambuj Saxena","doi":"10.5109/7151680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151680","url":null,"abstract":": In the present investigation, friction stir solid state process has been used to develop a functionally graded composite material reinforced with Si 3 N 4 (Silicon nitride). The main aim of the current investigation is to develop a low density high strength silica reinforced aluminum based composite material develop by friction stir processing (FSP) process for aerospace and defence applications. FGM (Functionally Graded Composite Material) has been prepared by taking two dissimilar aluminium plates with Si 3 N 4 as reinforcement content through friction stir processing (FSP) technique. To evaluate the mechanical properties of developed composite material tensile testing, hardness testing, thermal expansion and corrosion test have been performed. The tensile testing revealed the tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation of the developed composite material. Further the hardness testing estimated the scratch resistance. Microstructures results of Si 3 N 4 reinforced FGM composite showed the proper mixing of the ceramic particle in functionally graded materials (Al6063 and Al8011) at optimum FSP parameter. Effects of FSP parameters like Cutting fluid, Tool shape, Tool speed on tensile strength and hardness of FGM composite reinforced with Si 3 N 4 ceramic particles were studied by using Taguchi’s technique L9 Orthogonal Array. The experimental results revealed that the highest tensile Strength is observed as 133.05 N/mm 2 at 1460 rpm for square shaped tool with kerosene as lubricant. Further lower values of tensile Strength i.e., 73.65 N/mm 2 at 920 rpm and 78 N/mm 2 at 2260 rpm are observed. Tensile Strength was good for kerosene with square tool shape and least for triangular and circular tool shape. The hardness of fabricated composite was good for circular tool shape and low speed (i.e., 920 rpm) but continuously decreases when tool shape is different. Hardness is good for brine solution at any tool speed but least for kerosene with any tool speed. The hardness of FGM composite was good for brine solution with any tool shape.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikhil Yadav, None M. L. Meena, None G. S. Dangayach
: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have disrupted physical activity levels, leading to adverse health consequences and decreased motivation to exercise. Prolonged sitting, poor ergonomics, and limited physical activity trigger musculoskeletal disorders. Pregnant women must prioritize proper ergonomics, take regular breaks, and seek professional guidance. The present work has investigated the advent of musculoskeletal disorders during a homestay in COVID-19 by the help of Modified Oswestry Disability Index. An analysis was conducted to assess the statistical correlation between the age (26.03±1.52) of pregnant women during the final phase of the third trimester and the calculated musculoskeletal disorders, yielding a p-value of .365552; however, since the result is not significant at p < .05, it indicates the absence of a statistically significant relationship between maternal age and musculoskeletal disorders. The assessment of the statistical strength of the relationship between musculoskeletal disorder and body mass index (p<.00001), nature of occupation (p=.000024), and sitting hours (p=.000051), conducted at p < .05, revealed a robust statistically significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorder and the respective parameters.
{"title":"Investigation of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Pregnant Women Working in Education and Information Technology Sector during Homestay in COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Nikhil Yadav, None M. L. Meena, None G. S. Dangayach","doi":"10.5109/7151707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151707","url":null,"abstract":": The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have disrupted physical activity levels, leading to adverse health consequences and decreased motivation to exercise. Prolonged sitting, poor ergonomics, and limited physical activity trigger musculoskeletal disorders. Pregnant women must prioritize proper ergonomics, take regular breaks, and seek professional guidance. The present work has investigated the advent of musculoskeletal disorders during a homestay in COVID-19 by the help of Modified Oswestry Disability Index. An analysis was conducted to assess the statistical correlation between the age (26.03±1.52) of pregnant women during the final phase of the third trimester and the calculated musculoskeletal disorders, yielding a p-value of .365552; however, since the result is not significant at p < .05, it indicates the absence of a statistically significant relationship between maternal age and musculoskeletal disorders. The assessment of the statistical strength of the relationship between musculoskeletal disorder and body mass index (p<.00001), nature of occupation (p=.000024), and sitting hours (p=.000051), conducted at p < .05, revealed a robust statistically significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorder and the respective parameters.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In order to assess the ejector cooling cycle performance and the ejector dimensions, a one-dimensional ejector model is proposed in this paper. The velocity and pressure inside the ejector are examined using thermodynamic governing equations for the eco-friendly working fluids, presuming them as ideal gases. Using conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, the system performance is evaluated. The coefficient of performance (COP) describes the cycle performance, while ejector performance is evaluated in terms of entrainment ratio (ER), mixing area ratio AR Mix and primary nozzle area ratio AR Nozzle . The performance of the cycle is found to improve with the increase in generator and evaporator temperatures, and the decrease in condenser temperature. The area ratios also followed the same trend with the variation of these parameters. At the designed cooling load of 1 kW, the coefficient of performance is found to be 0.182 for R1234ze and 0.061 for R1234yf; and the entrainment ratio of the ejector is 0.237 for R1234ze and 0.08 for R1234yf. As the temperature of the evaporator is increased from 0 to 10℃, the COP is found to rise by 41.41% and 35.56% for R1234ze and R1234yf, respectively. The COP is increased by 6.63% and 40.98% for R1234ze and R1234yf, respectively when the degree of superheat in the generator is enhanced from 2℃ to 6℃ at constant 3000kPa generator pressure.
{"title":"Performance and Dimensions Determination of an Ejector Utilized in Ejector Cooling Cycle with Eco-Friendly Working Fluids","authors":"Bharat Sharma, Gulshan Sachdeva","doi":"10.5109/7151695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151695","url":null,"abstract":": In order to assess the ejector cooling cycle performance and the ejector dimensions, a one-dimensional ejector model is proposed in this paper. The velocity and pressure inside the ejector are examined using thermodynamic governing equations for the eco-friendly working fluids, presuming them as ideal gases. Using conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, the system performance is evaluated. The coefficient of performance (COP) describes the cycle performance, while ejector performance is evaluated in terms of entrainment ratio (ER), mixing area ratio AR Mix and primary nozzle area ratio AR Nozzle . The performance of the cycle is found to improve with the increase in generator and evaporator temperatures, and the decrease in condenser temperature. The area ratios also followed the same trend with the variation of these parameters. At the designed cooling load of 1 kW, the coefficient of performance is found to be 0.182 for R1234ze and 0.061 for R1234yf; and the entrainment ratio of the ejector is 0.237 for R1234ze and 0.08 for R1234yf. As the temperature of the evaporator is increased from 0 to 10℃, the COP is found to rise by 41.41% and 35.56% for R1234ze and R1234yf, respectively. The COP is increased by 6.63% and 40.98% for R1234ze and R1234yf, respectively when the degree of superheat in the generator is enhanced from 2℃ to 6℃ at constant 3000kPa generator pressure.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Euis Djubaedah, None Riza, Asih Kurniasari, None Nur Endah Eny S, Agus Nurrohim
{"title":"Projection of the Demand for Charging Stations for Electric Passenger Cars in Indonesia","authors":"Euis Djubaedah, None Riza, Asih Kurniasari, None Nur Endah Eny S, Agus Nurrohim","doi":"10.5109/7151723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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