Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00611-7
Maureene Auma Ondayo, Michael J. Watts, Clive J. Mitchell, David C. P. King, Odipo Osano
Abstract About nine million Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers in Africa and people living near ASGM activities are highly exposed to geogenic and anthropogenic potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Despite the hazards and risks posed by ASGM being well characterized, coordinated multidisciplinary environmental characterization with combined public health studies are limited, with often piecemeal and snapshot studies reported, as highlighted by this review. Furthermore, studies are often not connected with efforts to minimize hazards holistically. Given this, we systematically reviewed the scientific literature on human health hazards associated with ASGM in Africa through Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. One hundred and seventy-three peer-reviewed papers published between 1996 and June 2023 from 30 African countries were identified. Toxicological environmental hazards were reported in 102 peer-reviewed papers, notably As, Cd, CN, Cr, Hg, Pb, respirable SiO 2 -laden dust, and radionuclides. Exposure to PTEs in human biomonitoring matrices and associated health impacts were documented in 71 papers. Hg was the most reported hazard. Gaps in research robustness, regulation and policy framework, technology, risk detection, surveillance, and management were found. Despite international and in-country mitigation efforts, ASGM-related hazards in Africa are worsening. This review paper highlights the need for coordinated action and multidisciplinary collaborative research to connect dispersed isolated studies to better characterize the associated disease burden associated with ASGM in Africa and sustainably maximize the wider benefits of ASGM whilst protecting public health and the environment.
{"title":"Review: Artisanal Gold Mining in Africa—Environmental Pollution and Human Health Implications","authors":"Maureene Auma Ondayo, Michael J. Watts, Clive J. Mitchell, David C. P. King, Odipo Osano","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00611-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00611-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract About nine million Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers in Africa and people living near ASGM activities are highly exposed to geogenic and anthropogenic potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Despite the hazards and risks posed by ASGM being well characterized, coordinated multidisciplinary environmental characterization with combined public health studies are limited, with often piecemeal and snapshot studies reported, as highlighted by this review. Furthermore, studies are often not connected with efforts to minimize hazards holistically. Given this, we systematically reviewed the scientific literature on human health hazards associated with ASGM in Africa through Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. One hundred and seventy-three peer-reviewed papers published between 1996 and June 2023 from 30 African countries were identified. Toxicological environmental hazards were reported in 102 peer-reviewed papers, notably As, Cd, CN, Cr, Hg, Pb, respirable SiO 2 -laden dust, and radionuclides. Exposure to PTEs in human biomonitoring matrices and associated health impacts were documented in 71 papers. Hg was the most reported hazard. Gaps in research robustness, regulation and policy framework, technology, risk detection, surveillance, and management were found. Despite international and in-country mitigation efforts, ASGM-related hazards in Africa are worsening. This review paper highlights the need for coordinated action and multidisciplinary collaborative research to connect dispersed isolated studies to better characterize the associated disease burden associated with ASGM in Africa and sustainably maximize the wider benefits of ASGM whilst protecting public health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00612-6
Nipunika Sarker, Ananya Saha, Shaila Sharmin, Q. F. Quadir, M. H. Rashid, H. M. Zakir
{"title":"Trace Metal Contents in Farm Soils and Potato Tubers Grown in Mymensingh District of Bangladesh and Their Implications for Human Health","authors":"Nipunika Sarker, Ananya Saha, Shaila Sharmin, Q. F. Quadir, M. H. Rashid, H. M. Zakir","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00612-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00612-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00613-5
Nadia Pérez-Fuentes, Rebeca Alvariño, Amparo Alfonso, Jesús González-Jartín, Mercedes R. Vieytes, Luis M. Botana
{"title":"The Mode of Action of Enniatins A and B is Mediated by Interaction with SOC Reservoirs (A) and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (B)","authors":"Nadia Pérez-Fuentes, Rebeca Alvariño, Amparo Alfonso, Jesús González-Jartín, Mercedes R. Vieytes, Luis M. Botana","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00613-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00613-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00603-7
Waleed H. Shetaya, Asmaa El-Mekawy, Salwa K. Hassan
Abstract Greater Cairo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, yet the tempo-spatial trends of PM 2.5 and loaded metal(loid)s) in its atmosphere, and their potential health risks, are poorly understood. We investigated the air concentrations of PM 2.5 , and associated Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn, in one urban and one industrial locations within Greater Cairo for one year in each location. Statistical analysis suggested that PM 2.5 and its chemical composition in Greater Cairo are more influenced by land-use and local activities rather than meteorological conditions. Both annual and daily levels of PM 2.5 were well above the WHO air quality guidelines, with annual averages of c. 37 and 56 µg m −3 , and daily maximums of 165 and 176 µg m −3 , in the urban and industrial areas, respectively. This indicates high probability of PM 2.5 inflicted short- and long-term health risks to the population of Greater Cairo. Health risk modelling indicated that the residents of Greater Cairo are facing high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks (up to 47 and 28 times the recommended hazard indices, respectively) from the studied 12 metal(loid)s combined. Lead (Pb) was the highest single threat to the health of Greater Cairo residents amounting up to 56% and 83% of the total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. Nevertheless, most of the exposure to Pb originated from ingestion rather than inhalation which was marginal. For all elements combined, and for some other individual elements, inhalation was a significant route of exposure but only for non-carcinogenic risks. For carcinogenic risks, the contribution of inhalation to the total risk was negligible.
大开罗是世界上最大的大都市区之一，但人们对其大气中PM 2.5和负载金属(loid)s的时空趋势及其潜在的健康风险知之甚少。我们在大开罗的一个城市和一个工业地点调查了pm2.5的空气浓度，以及相关的Al、As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、V和Zn的浓度，时间为一年。统计分析表明，大开罗地区的pm2.5及其化学成分更多地受到土地利用和当地活动的影响，而不是气象条件的影响。pm2.5的年和日水平均远高于世卫组织空气质量指南，城市和工业区的年平均值分别为0.37和56 μ g m - 3，日最大值分别为165和176 μ g m - 3。这表明pm2.5极有可能对大开罗地区人口造成短期和长期健康风险。健康风险模型表明，大开罗地区居民面临的非致癌性和致癌性风险很高(分别高达建议危害指数的47倍和28倍)，来自所研究的12种金属(类)。铅(Pb)是对大开罗居民健康的最大单一威胁，分别占总非致癌性和致癌性风险的56%和83%。然而，大部分的铅暴露来自于摄入而不是吸入，这是边缘性的。对于所有元素的组合，以及其他一些单独的元素，吸入是重要的接触途径，但仅是非致癌风险的。对于致癌风险，吸入对总风险的贡献可以忽略不计。
{"title":"Tempo-Spatial Variability and Health Risks of PM2.5 and Associated Metal(loid)s in Greater Cairo, Egypt","authors":"Waleed H. Shetaya, Asmaa El-Mekawy, Salwa K. Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00603-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00603-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Greater Cairo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, yet the tempo-spatial trends of PM 2.5 and loaded metal(loid)s) in its atmosphere, and their potential health risks, are poorly understood. We investigated the air concentrations of PM 2.5 , and associated Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn, in one urban and one industrial locations within Greater Cairo for one year in each location. Statistical analysis suggested that PM 2.5 and its chemical composition in Greater Cairo are more influenced by land-use and local activities rather than meteorological conditions. Both annual and daily levels of PM 2.5 were well above the WHO air quality guidelines, with annual averages of c. 37 and 56 µg m −3 , and daily maximums of 165 and 176 µg m −3 , in the urban and industrial areas, respectively. This indicates high probability of PM 2.5 inflicted short- and long-term health risks to the population of Greater Cairo. Health risk modelling indicated that the residents of Greater Cairo are facing high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks (up to 47 and 28 times the recommended hazard indices, respectively) from the studied 12 metal(loid)s combined. Lead (Pb) was the highest single threat to the health of Greater Cairo residents amounting up to 56% and 83% of the total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. Nevertheless, most of the exposure to Pb originated from ingestion rather than inhalation which was marginal. For all elements combined, and for some other individual elements, inhalation was a significant route of exposure but only for non-carcinogenic risks. For carcinogenic risks, the contribution of inhalation to the total risk was negligible.","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00610-8
L. Notario-Barandiaran, S. Díaz-Coto, N. Jimenez-Redondo, M. Guxens, M. Vrijheid, A. Andiarena, A. Irizar, I. Riaño-Galan, A. Fernández-Somoano, S. Llop, M. Lozano, M. R. Karagas, A. Meharg, M. Carey, C. Meharg, K. Ralphs, C. McCreanor, J. Vioque, P. Martinez-Camblor, A. J. Signes-Pastor
Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing globally, and metal exposure may play a significant role as an environmental factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify metal mixture patterns and assess their impact on children’s neurodevelopment. Data from 962 children (aged 4–5 years) participating in the Spanish INMA cohort study were analysed. Urinary metal concentrations (cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic speciation) were used as exposure biomarkers. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four latent exposure variables representing uncorrelated metal mixture patterns. Linear regression analyses examined the associations between these variables and children’s neuropsychological functions assessed through the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. The first latent exposure variable (Cu, Se, Pb, Zn) and the second (inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid) showed negative associations with verbal executive function ( ß = − 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = − 3.17 to − 0.59) and gross motor function ( ß = − 1.41, 95% CI = − 2.36 to − 0.46), respectively. Conversely, the third variable (Mo, Co) and the fourth (arsenobetaine) exhibited positive associations with visual and verbal span functions ( ß = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.16 to 2.12) and fine motor function ( ß = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.11 to 1.92), respectively. This study suggests that even relatively low levels of metal latent exposures, notably inorganic arsenic and a mixture of metals including Pb, adversely affect children’s neuropsychological development function scores, while exposure to arsenobetaine and a mixture of Co and Mo has a positive impact.
神经发育障碍在全球范围内日益增加，金属暴露可能作为一种环境因素发挥重要作用。本横断面研究旨在确定金属混合模式，并评估其对儿童神经发育的影响。分析了962名参加西班牙INMA队列研究的儿童(4-5岁)的数据。尿液金属浓度(钴(Co)、铜(Cu)、钼(Mo)、硒(Se)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)和砷形成)被用作暴露生物标志物。主成分分析(PCA)揭示了四个潜在暴露变量代表不相关的金属混合模式。线性回归分析检验了这些变量与通过麦卡锡儿童能力量表评估的儿童神经心理功能之间的联系。第一潜在暴露变量(Cu, Se, Pb, Zn)和第二潜在暴露变量(无机砷，单甲基胂酸)分别与语言执行功能(ß = - 1.88, 95%可信区间(CI) = - 3.17至- 0.59)和大运动功能(ß = - 1.41, 95% CI = - 2.36至- 0.46)呈负相关。相反，第三个变量(Mo, Co)和第四个变量(arsenobetaine)分别与视觉和言语广度功能(ß = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.16 ~ 2.12)和精细运动功能(ß = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.11 ~ 1.92)呈正相关。这项研究表明，即使是相对低水平的金属潜在暴露，特别是无机砷和包括铅在内的金属混合物，也会对儿童的神经心理发育功能评分产生不利影响，而接触砷甜菜碱和Co和Mo的混合物则有积极影响。
{"title":"Latent Childhood Exposure to Mixtures of Metals and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in 4–5-Year-Old Children Living in Spain","authors":"L. Notario-Barandiaran, S. Díaz-Coto, N. Jimenez-Redondo, M. Guxens, M. Vrijheid, A. Andiarena, A. Irizar, I. Riaño-Galan, A. Fernández-Somoano, S. Llop, M. Lozano, M. R. Karagas, A. Meharg, M. Carey, C. Meharg, K. Ralphs, C. McCreanor, J. Vioque, P. Martinez-Camblor, A. J. Signes-Pastor","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00610-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00610-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing globally, and metal exposure may play a significant role as an environmental factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify metal mixture patterns and assess their impact on children’s neurodevelopment. Data from 962 children (aged 4–5 years) participating in the Spanish INMA cohort study were analysed. Urinary metal concentrations (cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic speciation) were used as exposure biomarkers. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four latent exposure variables representing uncorrelated metal mixture patterns. Linear regression analyses examined the associations between these variables and children’s neuropsychological functions assessed through the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. The first latent exposure variable (Cu, Se, Pb, Zn) and the second (inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid) showed negative associations with verbal executive function ( ß = − 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = − 3.17 to − 0.59) and gross motor function ( ß = − 1.41, 95% CI = − 2.36 to − 0.46), respectively. Conversely, the third variable (Mo, Co) and the fourth (arsenobetaine) exhibited positive associations with visual and verbal span functions ( ß = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.16 to 2.12) and fine motor function ( ß = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.11 to 1.92), respectively. This study suggests that even relatively low levels of metal latent exposures, notably inorganic arsenic and a mixture of metals including Pb, adversely affect children’s neuropsychological development function scores, while exposure to arsenobetaine and a mixture of Co and Mo has a positive impact.","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-metal Exposure and Liver Function in Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China","authors":"Jiujing Lin, Jia Li, Huichen Yao, Jinjie He, Xiangsheng Xue, Hengxia Zhao, Chenyang Hou, Xiaomei Li, Qingzhi Hou","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00598-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00598-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dietary Exposure to Dicofol, Endosulfan, and Naturally Produced Halogenated Bipyrroles: 24-hr Food Duplicate Surveys from Five Prefectures in Japan","authors":"Yukiko Fujii, Kouji H. Harada, Yoshihisa Kato, Osamu Kimura, Tetsuya Endo, Koichi Haraguchi","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00604-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00604-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exposure, Distribution, and Ecological Risk of Four New Bisphenol Analogs in the Typical Lake Region of Taihu Lake","authors":"Ying Han, Yuxuan Liu, Xiaolong Rong, Mingxin Wang, Yingang Xue, Hao Dai, Haixia Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00608-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00608-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00595-4
Iyiola O. Owolabi, Kawisara Siwarak, Brett Greer, Andreja Rajkovic, Chiara Dall’asta, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri, Umaporn Uawisetwathana, Christopher T. Elliott, Awanwee Petchkongkaew
Abstract This publication reviews the state-of-the-art human biological monitoring (HBM) of mycotoxin biomarkers in breast milk, plasma, serum, and whole blood samples with a focus on the past two decades (2000–2011 and 2011–2021). Three aspects have been analyzed and summarized: (a) the biomarkers detected and their levels found, (b) the analytical methodologies developed and employed, and (c) the exposome concept and the significance of omics tools. From the literature reviewed, aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in human breast milk, plasma and serum were the most widely studied mycotoxin biomarkers for HBM. Regarding analytical methodologies, a clear increase in the development and implementation of mass spectrometry methods for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins was observed. For this purpose, use of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, especially when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has grown substantially and are now the methods of choice. A high percentage of the samples analyzed for various mycotoxins in the literature reviewed were found to contain biomarkers, demonstrating a combination of targeted sampling and high levels of human exposure to mycotoxins within the target populations. Also, most HBM investigations only examined exposure to one or a few mycotoxins at a given period. Human exposome studies undertake a wider evaluation of the exposure as part of epidemiological studies through the discovery of novel biomarkers that exist as potential indicators of environmental influences on human health. However, guidelines are required for analytical method validation, as well as algorithms to establish the relationship between the levels of biomarkers detected in human biofluids and mycotoxin intake.
{"title":"Applications of Mycotoxin Biomarkers in Human Biomonitoring for Exposome-Health Studies: Past, Present, and Future","authors":"Iyiola O. Owolabi, Kawisara Siwarak, Brett Greer, Andreja Rajkovic, Chiara Dall’asta, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri, Umaporn Uawisetwathana, Christopher T. Elliott, Awanwee Petchkongkaew","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00595-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00595-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This publication reviews the state-of-the-art human biological monitoring (HBM) of mycotoxin biomarkers in breast milk, plasma, serum, and whole blood samples with a focus on the past two decades (2000–2011 and 2011–2021). Three aspects have been analyzed and summarized: (a) the biomarkers detected and their levels found, (b) the analytical methodologies developed and employed, and (c) the exposome concept and the significance of omics tools. From the literature reviewed, aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in human breast milk, plasma and serum were the most widely studied mycotoxin biomarkers for HBM. Regarding analytical methodologies, a clear increase in the development and implementation of mass spectrometry methods for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins was observed. For this purpose, use of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, especially when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has grown substantially and are now the methods of choice. A high percentage of the samples analyzed for various mycotoxins in the literature reviewed were found to contain biomarkers, demonstrating a combination of targeted sampling and high levels of human exposure to mycotoxins within the target populations. Also, most HBM investigations only examined exposure to one or a few mycotoxins at a given period. Human exposome studies undertake a wider evaluation of the exposure as part of epidemiological studies through the discovery of novel biomarkers that exist as potential indicators of environmental influences on human health. However, guidelines are required for analytical method validation, as well as algorithms to establish the relationship between the levels of biomarkers detected in human biofluids and mycotoxin intake.","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Human Bone Health; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi, Sara Zamani, Roya Riahi, Ensiyeh Taheri, Babak Vahdatpour, Fariborz Sharifianjazi, Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.1007/s12403-023-00596-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00596-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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