Experimental parasitology最新文献_第10页

Corrigendum to “Evaluation of β-caryophyllene(1–3) as a potential anti-tick molecule for controlling tick infestations on animals” [Experimental Parasitology 2025, 108969] “β-石竹烯（1-3）作为潜在的抗蜱虫分子控制动物蜱虫侵害的评价”[实验寄生虫学2025,108969]。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108989

Gajanan M. Chigure , Anil Kumar Sharma , K.G. Ajithkumar , Ashutosh Fular , Amol B. Tayade , Rajesh Kumar , Nitin D. Jadhav , Sachin Kumar , Suman Gupta , Gaurav Nagar , Reghu Ravindran , Satyanshu Kumar , Sanis Julliet , Muthu Sankar , Srikanta Ghosh

引用次数: 0

A dual In vitro and In silico approach to evaluate 1,4-naphthoquinone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids against atovaquone-resistant malaria 体外和计算机双方法评价1,4-萘醌-1,2,3-三唑杂种抗阿托伐醌耐药疟疾的作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108991

Priyanka Agarwal , David D. N’Da , C. Johan van der Westhuizen , Robyn L. van Zyl

Malaria continues to pose a major global health burden affecting millions annually. Despite advancements in treatment, the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains has undermined current treatment strategies, including atovaquone. Atovaquone is a key mitochondrial inhibitor targeting the cytochrome bc₁ (cyt bc₁) complex, with resistance primarily driven by mutation in the cytochrome b gene. Moreover, atovaquone's reliance on a single target site and its pharmacokinetic limitations further underscore the urgent need for alternative drugs. To address these challenges, this dual in vitro and in silico study evaluated ten 1,4-naphthoquinone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids targeting atovaquone-resistant (FCR3) P. falciparum. Molecular modelling studies were performed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PDB ID 3CX5), involving the building of a mutant model to simulate the Y279S mutation (equivalent to Y268S mutation in P. falciparum), in order to rationalise the observed results. Additionally, pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness of these hybrids were predicted in silico. Hybrids D12 and D13 exhibited strong antiplasmodial activities, 61- and 52-fold, respectively, more than atovaquone. Molecular modelling studies indicated a strong correlation between in silico and in vitro activities by displaying binding interactions between the ligand and the mutant model. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis identified key structural features essential for favourable binding interactions with target binding site residues. Furthermore, in silico evaluations of these hybrids suggested good oral bioavailability and high gastrointestinal absorption, with no significant risk of severe toxicity. Hybrids D12 and D13 exhibit potential as lead candidates, with their strong in vitro efficacy well-supported by in silico data, warranting further optimisation and development.

疟疾继续造成重大的全球健康负担，每年影响数百万人。尽管在治疗方面取得了进展，但耐药疟原虫菌株的出现破坏了目前的治疗策略，包括阿托伐醌。Atovaquone是一种针对细胞色素bc1 （cyt bc1）复合物的关键线粒体抑制剂，其耐药性主要由细胞色素b基因突变驱动。此外，阿托伐酮对单一靶点的依赖及其药代动力学的局限性进一步强调了替代药物的迫切需要。为了应对这些挑战，这项体外和计算机双试验评估了10个针对阿托伐醌耐药（FCR3）恶性疟原虫的1,4-萘醌-1,2,3-三唑杂交体。我们对酿酒酵母（PDB ID 3CX5）进行了分子模型研究，包括建立一个突变模型来模拟Y279S突变（相当于恶性疟原虫中的Y268S突变），以使观察到的结果合理化。此外，用计算机预测了这些杂交种的药代动力学性质和药物相似性。D12和D13表现出较强的抗疟原虫活性，分别是阿托伐醌的61倍和52倍。分子模型研究表明，通过显示配体和突变模型之间的结合相互作用，在硅和体外活性之间存在很强的相关性。结构-活性关系（SAR）分析确定了与目标结合位点残基有利的结合相互作用所必需的关键结构特征。此外，这些混合物的计算机评价表明，良好的口服生物利用度和高胃肠道吸收，没有严重毒性的显著风险。杂种D12和D13表现出作为主要候选物的潜力，其强大的体外功效得到了硅数据的支持，值得进一步优化和开发。

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引用次数: 0

A novel colourimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid field-level detection of Theileria orientalis 一种新型环介导等温扩增（LAMP）比色法快速检测东方蓟马。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108983

Sunkara Prathyusha , R. Radhika , Bindu Lakshmanan , K. Syamala , Marykutty Thomas , K. Justin Davis , K. Devada

Theileria orientalis, the causative agent of oriental theileriosis is a globally distributed protozoan parasite affecting livestock. Rapid and accurate parasite detection is crucial for effective disease management and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The high prevalence of T. orientalis in Kerala, a south Indian state demanded the development of a sensitive field tool for specific detection. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid and highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification technique conducted under isothermal conditions. In this study, a LAMP assay was developed targeting the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene of T. orientalis using colourimetric dyes (both hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) and phenol red) for improved visual detection of amplification. This assay utilised a set of six specifically designed primers, recognizing eight distinct regions on the target gene. Both wet LAMP assays demonstrated the ability to amplify DNA at levels as low as 10⁻⁴ ng (0.1 pg), corresponding to a parasitaemia level of 0.0012 % and exhibited higher detection abilities than PCR. The assay also demonstrated high specificity, with no amplification observed for DNA template from other haemoprotozoans. Positive LAMP products were identified by a distinct colour change from violet to blue and pink to yellow for HNB and phenol red dyes, respectively. Results were confirmed using agarose gel electrophoresis, showing characteristic ladder patterns. The LAMP assays detected T. orientalis in 62.8 % of samples, outperforming PCR (60 %) and microscopy (52.8 %). With a sensitivity of 100 %, specificity of 93 %, positive predictive value of 95.54 % and negative predictive value of 100 %, the wet LAMP assay demonstrated diagnostic efficacy for T. orientalis.

东方盲肠菌是一种全球分布的家畜寄生原虫，是东方盲肠菌病的病原体。快速和准确的寄生虫检测对于有效的疾病管理和评估治疗干预措施至关重要。在印度南部喀拉拉邦，东方弓形虫的高流行率要求开发一种敏感的现场检测工具。环介导等温扩增（LAMP）是一种在等温条件下进行的快速、高灵敏度的核酸扩增技术。本研究采用羟基萘酚蓝（HNB）和酚红两种比色染料，建立了一种针对东洋田螺主要螺质表面蛋白（MPSP）基因的LAMP检测方法，以提高检测效果。该试验利用了一组6个专门设计的引物，识别目标基因上的8个不同区域。两种湿式LAMP检测方法都显示出在低至10-4 ng （0.1 pg）的水平下扩增DNA的能力，相当于寄生虫血症水平为0.0012%，并且表现出比PCR更高的检测能力。该检测还显示出高特异性，对其他血原动物的DNA模板没有扩增。在HNB和酚红染料中，LAMP阳性产物的颜色分别由紫色变为蓝色和粉红色变为黄色。琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实了结果，显示出特有的阶梯结构。LAMP法在62.8%的样品中检出东方弓形虫，优于PCR法（60%）和显微镜法（52.8%）。湿法LAMP检测方法的灵敏度为100%，特异度为93%，阳性预测值为95.54%，阴性预测值为100%，具有较好的诊断效果。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure to Bisphenol-A increases susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection 暴露于双酚a会增加对克氏锥虫感染的易感性

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108990

Aracely López-Monteon , Anahí Sosa-Arróniz , Mariana Colorado-Zuñiga , Enrique Méndez-Bolaina , Jesús Torres-Montero , Angel Ramos-Ligonio

Bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, disrupts hormonal and chemical signaling within the body, negatively impacting health. One target of this disruption is the immune system. While BPA has been implicated in increased susceptibility to some pathogen infections, its effects on protozoan parasite infections remain understudied. This work evaluated the effect of BPA exposure on experimental Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in BALB/c mice.

Parasitemia was evaluated in BALB/c mice by counting parasites in a Neubauer chamber. Additionally, ELISA assays were used to identify the presence of antibodies, cytokine gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, and liver marker levels were quantified using enzymatic kinetic methods. Both pre- and post-exposure to BPA increased parasitemia during T. cruzi infection and decreased levels of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes. Furthermore, BPA modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to infection. In addition, all mice exposed to BPA showed alterations in liver enzymes compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that the immune system during critical periods of T. cruzi infection is highly sensitive to BPA exposure, increasing susceptibility to the parasite.

双酚a （BPA）是一种内分泌干扰物，会干扰体内的荷尔蒙和化学信号，对健康产生负面影响。这种破坏的一个目标是免疫系统。虽然BPA与某些病原体感染的易感性增加有关，但其对原生动物寄生虫感染的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究评估了BPA暴露对BALB/c小鼠实验性克氏锥虫寄生虫病的影响。BALB/c小鼠的寄生虫血症通过Neubauer室中的寄生虫计数来评估。此外，采用ELISA法鉴定抗体的存在，采用RT-PCR分析细胞因子基因表达，并采用酶动力学方法定量肝脏标志物水平。暴露于BPA前和暴露于BPA后均增加了克氏锥虫感染期间的寄生虫血症，并降低了IgG1、IgG2a和IgG2b同型的水平。此外，BPA在感染反应中调节促炎细胞因子的表达。此外，与对照组相比，所有暴露于BPA的小鼠的肝酶都发生了变化。这些结果表明，在感染T. cruzi的关键时期，免疫系统对BPA暴露高度敏感，增加了对寄生虫的易感性。

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引用次数: 0

Computational design of inhibitory peptides and an mRNA-Based multi-epitope vaccine targeting the MIC3 protein of Eimeria tenella 针对柔嫩艾美耳球虫MIC3蛋白的抑制肽和基于mrna的多表位疫苗的计算设计。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108986

Roohollah Fattahi , Ali Shivaee , Maryam Bahraminia , Nazanin Omidi , Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani

This study addresses coccidiosis, a prevalent disease causing significant economic losses, and focuses on the EtMIC3 protein due to its critical role in Eimeria tenella pathogenesis. Our goal is to develop innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies leveraging the potential of the EtMIC3 protein.

In this investigation, we evaluate the interaction of the EtMIC3 protein with its receptors, develop inhibitory peptides, and select epitopes from EtMIC3 using immunoinformatic tools. We assess the presentation of these epitopes to immune cells, model a multi-epitope protein, predict the mRNA structure, and evaluate the immune response to the newly designed vaccine.

Docking studies indicated that the predicted peptides exhibited a strong affinity for binding to the EtMIC3 protein, with identified epitopes residing within the antigen-binding groove of their respective MHC alleles. The developed vaccine demonstrated stability, non-toxicity, and non-allergenicity, effectively eliciting responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems.

These findings suggest that the EtMIC3 protein is a promising target for both the inhibition of E. tenella and vaccine development. However, further validation through experimental and clinical studies is essential to corroborate these computational predictions.

本研究针对球虫病这一造成重大经济损失的流行疾病，并将重点放在EtMIC3蛋白上，因为它在柔嫩艾美耳球虫发病机制中起着关键作用。我们的目标是利用EtMIC3蛋白的潜力开发创新的治疗和预防策略。在这项研究中，我们评估了EtMIC3蛋白与其受体的相互作用，开发了抑制肽，并使用免疫信息学工具从EtMIC3中选择了表位。我们评估了这些表位在免疫细胞中的呈现，建立了多表位蛋白模型，预测了mRNA结构，并评估了对新设计疫苗的免疫反应。对接研究表明，预测的肽与EtMIC3蛋白结合具有很强的亲和力，鉴定的表位位于各自MHC等位基因的抗原结合槽内。所开发的疫苗具有稳定性、无毒性和非过敏原性，可有效地引起先天和适应性免疫系统的反应。这些发现表明，EtMIC3蛋白是一个有希望的靶点，既可以抑制tenella，也可以开发疫苗。然而，通过实验和临床研究进一步验证是必不可少的，以证实这些计算预测。

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引用次数: 0

Furan derivative affects the cell division and mitochondrial integrity of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii 呋喃衍生物影响刚地弓形虫速殖子细胞分裂和线粒体完整性

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108988

Juliana de Araujo Portes , Anushree Achari , Jayaraman Vinayagam , Pinaki Bhattacharjee , Sourav Chatterjee , Parasuraman Jaisankar , Wanderley de Souza

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. The current treatment against toxoplasmosis is based on the combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, which are toxic and unable to clear the infection. Due to the need for new active drugs against T. gondii, we have described here the effects of Furan derivatives on T. gondii in vitro. They were previously used with relevant activity against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. The anti-Toxoplasma effects of the furan derivatives were evaluated using tachyzoites of T. gondii from RH strain and as host cells the human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) and the epithelial lineage from Macaca mulatta LLC-MK2. High-content screening and other microscopy techniques were employed to analyze the infected cells after incubation in the presence of the compounds tested. The most effective derivative was 3g, presenting a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.3 μM after 48 h of incubation. The 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in the host cells was 50 μM after a 72-h treatment. The ultrastructural analysis showed that after treatment the parasites presented cytoplasmic emptying, mitochondrial swelling, and interference with cell division. It was revealed by TUNEL assay that the parasites dyed in part due to an apoptosis-like cell death. These findings suggest that the furan derivative 3g is a potential candidate for further studies in vivo to find alternative drugs to treat T. gondii infections.

刚地弓形虫是一种专性细胞内原生动物，是弓形虫病的病原体。目前对弓形虫病的治疗是基于磺胺嘧啶和乙胺嘧啶的组合，这是有毒的，不能清除感染。由于需要新的抗弓形虫活性药物，我们在这里描述了呋喃衍生物对弓形虫的体外作用。它们以前用于对亚马逊利什曼原虫和克氏锥虫具有相关活性。以RH株刚地弓形虫速殖子为宿主细胞，人包皮成纤维细胞（HFF）和猕猴LLC-MK2上皮细胞系为宿主细胞，对呋喃衍生物的抗弓形虫作用进行了评价。高含量筛选和其他显微镜技术被用来分析感染细胞在被测试化合物的存在下孵育后。最有效的衍生物是3g，孵育48 h后，IC50为4.3 μM，达到50%的抑制浓度。作用72 h后，宿主细胞50%细胞毒浓度（CC50）为50 μM。超微结构分析显示，处理后的寄生虫细胞质出现排空、线粒体肿胀、细胞分裂受到干扰。TUNEL实验显示，寄生虫染色的部分原因是细胞凋亡样死亡。这些发现表明呋喃衍生物3g是一个潜在的候选者，可以在体内进一步研究寻找治疗弓形虫感染的替代药物。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of a common intestinal helminth on fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) 一种常见肠道蠕虫对北山齿鹑粪便皮质酮代谢物浓度的影响

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108987

Jeremiah Leach , Hannah N. Suber , Regan Rivera , James G. Surles , Ronald J. Kendall

It has been shown in several wild populations that helminths can affect survival and reproduction in avian hosts, even at moderate intensities. Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite) is a North American grassland game bird with a wide geographic range, including the southeastern and midwestern U.S. In the arid and semi-arid regions of its range, infections by the cecal worm Aulonocephalus pennula are common and frequently occur at high intensities. The objective of this study was to estimate changes in fecal corticosterone concentrations (FCMs) of C. virginianus as a function of A. pennula infection intensity. Wild C. virginianus were trapped in western Oklahoma using double-funnel traps in May and June of 2022 and 2023. We estimated A. pennula burden by extracting DNA from cloacal swabs and used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We then estimated FCMs from C. virginianus fecal samples that had been defecated within 10 min of collecting the cloacal swab and FCM concentrations using an enzyme immunoassay recently validated for C. virginianus. The results show a significant increase in FCM concentrations with increasing A. pennula intensity. This study concludes that A. pennula influences the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by increasing FCM concentrations, and likely the concentration of circulating free corticosterone. Thus, there is a physiological mechanism by which A. pennula could impact both reproduction and survival of C. virginianus.

在几个野生种群中已经表明，即使在中等强度的情况下，蠕虫也可以影响鸟类宿主的生存和繁殖。北山齿鹑（Colinus virginianus）是一种北美草原猎鸟，分布范围很广，包括美国东南部和中西部。在其分布范围内的干旱和半干旱地区，盲肠蠕虫Aulonocephalus pennula的感染很常见，而且经常发生在高强度地区。本研究的目的是估计弗吉尼亚假单胞杆菌感染强度对粪便皮质酮浓度（fcm）的影响。在2022年5月和2023年6月，用双漏斗诱捕器在俄克拉何马州西部捕获野生维吉尼anus。本研究通过提取粪拭子DNA，并采用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）方法估算了pennula的负荷量。然后，我们使用最近验证的弗吉尼亚弓形虫酶免疫测定法，对收集肛管拭子后10分钟内排便的弗吉尼亚弓形虫粪便样本的FCM和FCM浓度进行了估计。结果表明，随着花刺草强度的增加，FCM浓度显著增加。本研究的结论是，月牙草通过增加FCM浓度，以及可能的循环游离皮质酮浓度，影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴。由此可见，pennula对C. virginianus繁殖和存活的影响存在生理机制。

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引用次数: 0

Transfection of bovine cells with synthetic mRNA to induce expression of functional antibodies against Tritrichomonas foetus surface antigen TF1.17 用合成mRNA转染牛细胞诱导抗三毛单胞菌胎儿表面抗原TF1.17的功能抗体的表达。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108985

Merrilee Thoresen , Daryll Vanover , E. Heath King , Darcie Sidelinger , Jean M. Feugang , Hannah E. Peck , Kenzie McAtee , Philip J. Santangelo , Amelia R. Woolums

Bovine trichomonosis is caused by the urogenital parasite Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus). In the United States, approved therapies are lacking, and management is limited to culling infected bulls. Preputial therapy with synthetic mRNA could lead to effective new treatments. We developed synthetic mRNA encoding bovine IgG1 against two epitopes of the T. foetus cell surface antigen TF1.17 and used the mRNA to transfect bovine cells in vitro. Transfected cells expressed membrane anchored or secreted versions of the antibodies with a NanoLuciferase (NanoLuc) reporter molecule fused to each light chain. Luminescence in cells and supernatants collected 24 and 48 h post-transfection confirmed the production of anti-TF1.17 and was significantly higher than in non-transfected controls (p < 0.05). Anti-TF1.17 bound to live parasites as indicated by significantly higher luminescence following treatment with 24 and 48 h post-transfection supernatants compared to transfection controls (p = 0.001). Treatment of T. foetus with concentrated anti-TF1.17 antibody decreased parasite viability. When T. foetus were added to mRNA transfected kidney cells 48 h post transfection, cytopathic effects of the parasites were reduced following 24 h of co-culture with cells producing anti-TF1.17 as compared to controls (p < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first use of mRNA transfection of bovine cells to induce the expression of antibodies that can bind to T. foetus, decrease their viability and their cytopathic effects on host cells. This work forms the basis for the development of novel mRNA-mediated approaches to treat or prevent bovine trichomonosis.

牛毛滴虫病是由泌尿生殖道寄生虫胎儿毛滴虫（T. foetus）引起。在美国，缺乏经批准的治疗方法，管理仅限于剔除受感染的公牛。用合成mRNA进行包皮治疗可能会产生有效的新疗法。我们合成了编码牛IgG1对抗T.胎细胞表面抗原TF1.17两个表位的mRNA，并利用该mRNA在体外转染牛细胞。转染后的细胞表达膜锚定或分泌型抗体，每个轻链上融合了纳米荧光素酶（NanoLuc）报告分子。转染后24和48 h收集的细胞和上清液的发光证实了抗tf1.17的产生，并且显著高于未转染的对照组(p

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引用次数: 0

Antimalarial potentials, toxicological impacts, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of ethanol extract of Spondias mombin Linn 麻花乙醇提取物的抗疟潜力、毒理学影响及气相色谱-质谱分析

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108984

Nicodemus Emeka Nwankwo , Obiora Emmanuel Abonyi , Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor , Bartholomew Onyekachi Okolo

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating new treatment approaches. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract from Spondias mombin leaves on parasitemia, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, liver and kidney function, and serum electrolyte levels in malaria-infected mice. The experimental mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with graded doses of Spondias mombin ethanol extract. Hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, platelet count, Hb, PCV), antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx), oxidative stress markers, liver function biomarkers (ALP, AST, ALT, total bilirubin), kidney function biomarkers (urea, creatinine, direct bilirubin), and electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻) were measured. Different doses of the extract alongside the standard drug significantly inhibited parasite growth. The extract significantly improved hematological parameters and showed no significant effect on SOD activity. CAT activity increased at 100 mg/kg, while GPX activity was highest in controls and lowest at 200 mg/kg. MDA levels decreased significantly at 200 mg/kg. AST and ALP activities varied dose-dependently, reaching a peak at 200 mg/kg. ALT and total bilirubin levels remained stable. Direct bilirubin levels increased at 100 and 200 mg/kg, while urea and creatinine indicated renal stress at higher doses. Sodium and potassium levels decreased dose-dependently, with stable Cl⁻ and HCO₃⁻ levels. A total of 65 bioactive components were found following the results of the GC-MS analysis. Significant antioxidant and antimalarial properties are shown by this extract, and its steady electrolyte levels and low liver stress imply safety. To identify the precise antimalarial bioactive components and their modes of action, more investigation is required. Conclusively, ethanol extract from Spondias mombin shows promise as a malaria adjuvant treatment.

疟疾仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战，需要新的治疗方法。本研究旨在探讨红花螺叶乙醇提取物对疟疾感染小鼠寄生虫血症、血液学指标、氧化应激、肝肾功能和血清电解质水平的影响。实验小鼠感染伯氏螺旋体，并给予分级剂量的红柱体乙醇提取物。测量血液学参数（RBC、WBC、血小板计数、Hb、PCV）、抗氧化酶活性（CAT、SOD、GPx）、氧化应激标志物、肝功能生物标志物（ALP、AST、ALT、总胆红素）、肾功能生物标志物（尿素、肌酐、直接胆红素）和电解质水平（Na+、K+、Cl−、HCO3−）。不同剂量的提取物与标准药物一起显著抑制寄生虫的生长。提取物可显著改善血液学指标，对SOD活性无显著影响。CAT活性在100 mg/kg时升高，GPX活性在200 mg/kg时最低。200 mg/kg时MDA水平显著降低。AST和ALP活性呈剂量依赖性变化，在200 mg/kg时达到峰值。ALT和总胆红素水平保持稳定。直接胆红素水平在100和200 mg/kg时升高，而尿素和肌酐在较高剂量时表明肾脏应激。钠和钾水平呈剂量依赖性下降，Cl -和HCO3 -水平稳定。经GC-MS分析，共发现65种生物活性成分。该提取物显示出显著的抗氧化和抗疟疾特性，其稳定的电解质水平和低肝脏应激意味着安全性。为了确定精确的抗疟疾生物活性成分及其作用方式，需要进行更多的研究。最后，从棘球蚴的乙醇提取物显示出作为疟疾辅助治疗的希望。

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引用次数: 0

Towards effective and efficient machine learning models for schistosomiasis diagnosis in microscopic images 在显微镜图像中诊断血吸虫病的有效和高效的机器学习模型。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108967

Bruno Alberto Soares Oliveira , Paulo Ricardo Silva Coelho , João Marcelo Peixoto Moreira , Marcos Antonio Alves , Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa , Stefan Michael Geiger , Frederico Gadelha Guimarães

Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, and it is a significant health concern in many underdeveloped tropical regions. The traditional method of diagnosing schistosomiasis involves fecal examinations under a microscope for parasite eggs, a process that is time consuming, error-prone, and requires specialized training. Artificial intelligence encompasses a broad range of techniques, including both machine learning and its subset, deep learning, which have been successful in solving such problems. Therefore, this study aimed to propose an automated solution that combines DL-based object detection methods with classical ML techniques and HOG feature extraction to identify S. mansoni eggs in images obtained using the Kato-Katz parasitological technique. A real database of 1100 images was created, processed, and annotated by three parasitologists. The proposed system achieved an Average Precision of 0.884 for an @[IoU = 0.50] using a Faster R-CNN method with ResNet-50 architecture over the best-annotated data, outperforming other detection models. Based on a threshold analysis, we suggest an integrated approach with a voting scheme of machine learning models to improve results in terms of false positives and false negatives. Comparative analysis with external data and a commercial tool confirmed that our approach offers promising results and applicability to assist health professionals in diagnosing schistosomiasis in public health systems, such as the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), potentially improving diagnosis speed and accuracy in endemic regions.

血吸虫病是一种由曼氏血吸虫引起的传染病，在许多欠发达的热带地区是一个重大的卫生问题。诊断血吸虫病的传统方法包括在显微镜下检查粪便中的寄生虫卵，这一过程耗时、容易出错，并且需要专门培训。人工智能涵盖了广泛的技术，包括机器学习及其子集深度学习，深度学习已经成功地解决了这些问题。因此，本研究旨在提出一种将基于dl的目标检测方法与经典ML技术和HOG特征提取相结合的自动化解决方案，以识别使用Kato-Katz寄生虫学技术获得的图像中的mansoni卵。一个由1100张图片组成的真实数据库由三位寄生虫学家创建、处理和注释。该系统在最佳标注数据上使用更快的R-CNN方法和ResNet-50架构，实现了@[IoU=0.50]的平均精度为0.884，优于其他检测模型。基于阈值分析，我们提出了一种与机器学习模型投票方案相结合的方法，以改善假阳性和假阴性的结果。与外部数据和商业工具的比较分析证实，我们的方法提供了有希望的结果和适用性，可帮助卫生专业人员在公共卫生系统（如巴西统一卫生系统（SUS））中诊断血吸虫病，有可能提高流行地区的诊断速度和准确性。

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