Experimental parasitology最新文献_第4页

Infection dynamics of Metarhizium anisopliae in Rhipicephalus microplus and the role of tick traits in susceptibility 金龟子绿僵菌在微小鼻头虫中的感染动态及蜱虫性状对其易感性的影响。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109070

Nurul Fatin Amirah Mohd Azmi , Samsuddin Ahmad Syazwan , Ruhil Hayati Hamdan , Tan Li Peng

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a major threat to global livestock production, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, and their burden is projected to increase worldwide in the coming decades as a result of climate change. In Brazil, tick infestations are responsible for economic losses estimated at about USD 3.24 billion annually. Growing resistance to chemical acaricides necessitates alternative control strategies such as biological agents. This study assessed the pathogenicity of a local strain of Metarhizium anisopliae (PR1) against adult Rhipicephalus microplus ticks using the Adult Immersion Test at conidial concentrations of 10⁷, 10⁸, and 10⁹ conidia/mL, each tested in triplicate alongside positive and negative controls. All concentrations caused complete tick mortality within 14 days, with higher concentrations accelerating tick death and completely inhibiting oviposition and larval hatchability. The estimated LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ values for the 10⁹ conidia/mL treatment were 2.46 [2.09–2.75] days and 3.63 [3.25–4.29] days, respectively. In contrast, untreated ticks exhibited only 6.7 % mortality and laid an average of 1567 ± 314 eggs, of which 84 % hatched. A significant positive correlation was observed between tick weight and the time to death at the highest concentration, suggesting heavier ticks resisted infection longer, potentially due to higher energy reserves or thicker cuticular. These results underline the potent in vitro pathogenic and reproductive-suppressing effects of M. anisopliae strain PR1 under laboratory conditions, while emphasizing the need for further field validation before considering its application in broader vector management programs.

蜱传疾病（tbd）对全球畜牧业生产构成重大威胁，特别是在热带和亚热带地区，预计未来几十年，由于气候变化，其负担将在全球范围内增加。在巴西，蜱虫侵扰每年造成的经济损失估计约为32.4亿美元。对化学杀螨剂的抗药性日益增强，需要采用生物制剂等替代控制策略。本研究采用成虫浸没试验，在分生孢子浓度分别为107、108和109分生孢子/mL的情况下，对当地一株金银绿僵菌（PR1）对微头蜱成虫的致病性进行了评估。各浓度均能使蜱在14 d内完全死亡，浓度越高，则加速了蜱的死亡，并完全抑制了其产卵和幼虫的孵化能力。109个分生孢子/mL处理的LT50和LT90分别为2.46[2.09-2.75]天和3.63[3.25-4.29]天。相比之下，未经处理的蜱死亡率仅为6.7%，平均产卵1567±314枚，其中84%孵化。在最高浓度下，蜱的体重与死亡时间呈显著正相关，表明较重的蜱对感染的抵抗力较长，可能是由于能量储备较高或表皮较厚。这些结果强调了绿僵菌PR1在实验室条件下具有强大的体外致病和生殖抑制作用，同时强调了在考虑将其应用于更广泛的媒介管理计划之前需要进一步的现场验证。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the efficacy of four fasciolicides in naturally infected cattle in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt: First report of therapeutic failure of triclabendazole 埃及贝尼-苏韦夫省四种杀片虫剂对自然感染牛的疗效评价：首次报道三氯咪唑治疗失败。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109067

Mohamed G. Abdelrahman , Shawky M. Aboelhadid , Sherin R. Rouby , Ahmed Zaitoun , Ahmed M. El-Sherif

The emergence of anthelmintic resistance presents a major threat to the health and productivity of grazing livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of commonly used fasciolicides against Fasciola spp. in naturally infected cattle from Beni-Suef, Egypt—an area where fasciolosis is endemic. Twenty adult female cattle, confirmed by microscopic examination to be infected with Fasciola spp., were selected and divided into three experimental trials to evaluate the efficacy of four commercial fasciolicides: triclabendazole (TCBZ), rafoxanide (RAF), nitroxynil (NIT), and oxyclozanide (OCZ). Experiment I evaluated possible resistance to TCBZ, RAF, and NIT by administering two consecutive doses of each drug. Experiment II investigated potential multidrug resistance by treating animals resistant to RAF and NIT with a single dose of TCBZ. Experiment III examined the efficacy of OCZ as an alternative treatment. The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used as the primary assessment method in all trials. In Experiment I, cattle treated with RAF or NIT showed no reduction in egg counts, even after the second dose. TCBZ treatment resulted in a marked decrease in egg counts at day 7 post-treatment, but counts gradually increased from day 14 onwards, returning to pre-treatment levels by day 56. In Experiment II, animals treated with TCBZ again showed a significant drop in egg counts at day 7, followed by a steady rise to baseline values by day 28. In Experiment III, OCZ achieved complete elimination of eggs by day 7, with 100 % efficacy. This study provides the first documented evidence of triclabendazole (TCBZ) treatment failure in animals in Egypt, highlighting the urgent need for large-scale investigations across the country. In contrast, oxyclozanide (OCZ) showed high efficacy in eliminating Fasciola infections in cattle, emphasizing its potential as a valuable alternative for improving fasciolosis control and management strategies in Egypt.

抗虫性的出现对放牧牲畜的健康和生产力构成了重大威胁。本研究旨在评估常用的杀片形虫剂对埃及贝尼-苏韦夫自然感染的牛片形虫的疗效。贝尼-苏韦夫是片形虫病流行的地区。选取镜检证实感染片吸虫病的成年母牛20头，分为3个试验，分别评价三氯苄达唑（TCBZ）、拉福昔尼（RAF）、硝基尼（NIT）和羟氯胺酮（OCZ） 4种市售片吸虫药的杀灭效果。实验1通过连续给药两剂来评估对TCBZ、RAF和NIT的可能耐药性。实验二通过单剂量TCBZ治疗对RAF和NIT耐药的动物，研究潜在的多药耐药。实验三考察了OCZ作为一种替代疗法的疗效。所有试验均采用粪卵计数减少试验（FECRT）作为主要评估方法。在实验1中，用RAF或NIT处理的牛，即使在第二次剂量后，卵子数量也没有减少。TCBZ处理导致鸡蛋数量在处理后第7天显著下降，但从第14天开始逐渐增加，到第56天恢复到处理前水平。在实验二中，经TCBZ处理的动物在第7天再次显示卵子数量显著下降，随后在第28天稳定上升到基线值。在实验三中，OCZ在第7天完全消除了卵子，有效率为100%。本研究首次提供了埃及动物使用三氯咪唑（TCBZ）治疗失败的文献证据，强调了在全国范围内开展大规模调查的迫切需要。相比之下，羟氯胺（oxyclozanide， OCZ）在消除牛片形虫感染方面表现出高效率，强调了其作为改善埃及片形虫病控制和管理战略的一种有价值的替代方案的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide screening, identification and analysis of BAR domain-containing proteins in Toxoplasma gondii 刚地弓形虫BAR结构域蛋白的全基因组筛选、鉴定和分析。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109068

Weiwei Sun, An Yan, Lifang Wang, Bohan Wang, Baoliang Pan

Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic pathogen that infects nucleated cells in all warm-blooded animals, and affects about one-third of the world's population. The treatment for T. gondii relies on drugs, but there is no specific cure. The discovery, identification and understanding of key protein families of T. gondii are of great significance for candidate antigen screening, vaccine development, and novel prevention and control program. The Bin, amphiphysin and Rvs (BAR) superfamily is a category of proteins with the BAR domain, which plays an important role in membrane tubulation and constriction during vesicle formation in mammalian cells, and is essential for material transport. However, the information of BAR proteins in T. gondii is not comprehensive. In present study, we screened and identified four BAR domain-containing proteins (Bcps), including TGGT1_259720, TGGT1_320760, TGGT1_232180 and TGGT1_224070 in the T. gondii genome using HMM search and local blast. All above-mentioned Bcps contained the BAR domain, and the 3D structures present the typical crescent shaped helical dimer of BAR. The classification of BAR domains was analyzed by evolutionary tree clustering, and it was found that TGGT1_259720 belonged to F-BAR and the other three belonged to N-BAR. The phylogenetic analysis of four protozoa showed that the Bcps of T. gondii were the closest relative to those of N. caninum, which was consistent with the result of collinearity analysis among species. Moreover, conserved motif and gene composition analysis further confirmed that these closely related proteins are more similar in these structures. The prediction of interacting proteins also showed that Bcps had strong interaction with the key proteins of vesicle transport. The quantification of BAR genes by qPCR showed that these BAR genes were expressed during the growth and proliferation of T. gondii, and the expression patterns were different under different nutritional conditions with the increase of FBS concentration gradient, indicating that these genes played different roles.

刚地弓形虫是一种重要的人畜共患病原体，感染所有温血动物的有核细胞，影响世界上约三分之一的人口。弓形虫的治疗依赖于药物，但没有特效药。弓形虫关键蛋白家族的发现、鉴定和认识，对候选抗原筛选、疫苗研制和新型防控规划具有重要意义。Bin, amphiphysin and Rvs （BAR）超家族是一类具有BAR结构域的蛋白质，在哺乳动物细胞囊泡形成过程中，在膜管和收缩中起重要作用，对物质运输至关重要。然而，关于弓形虫中BAR蛋白的信息并不全面。本研究利用隐马尔可夫搜索和局部blast技术，从弓形虫基因组中筛选出4个BAR结构域蛋白（bps），分别为TGGT1_259720、TGGT1_320760、TGGT1_232180和TGGT1_224070。上述Bcps均含有BAR结构域，三维结构呈现典型的BAR新月形螺旋二聚体。采用进化树聚类方法对BAR结构域进行分类，发现TGGT1_259720属于F-BAR，其余3个属于N-BAR。4种原生动物的系统发育分析表明，弓形虫的Bcps与犬奈虫的Bcps最接近，这与种间共线性分析结果一致。此外，保守基序和基因组成分析进一步证实了这些密切相关的蛋白在这些结构上更加相似。相互作用蛋白的预测也表明，Bcps与囊泡运输的关键蛋白具有较强的相互作用。通过qPCR对BAR基因的定量分析发现，这些BAR基因在弓形虫生长和增殖过程中均有表达，且随着FBS浓度梯度的增加，不同营养条件下BAR基因的表达模式不同，说明这些基因发挥了不同的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Novel anticoagulant proteins identified in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and their interaction with coagulation factor X 在血鼻猪唾液腺中鉴定的新型抗凝蛋白及其与凝血因子X的相互作用

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109063

YaJun Lu , YaE Zhao , XingZhi Feng

In the salivary glands of the hematophagous arthropod R. sanguineus, a total of 122 protein coding sequences interacting with coagulation factor X (FX) were identified using the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) technology, including 100 characterized proteins, and 22 uncharacterized. Three proteins, ferritin-like, tyrosine-protein phosphatase Lar-like, and elongation factor 1 alpha, were selected for cloning, demonstrated significant impacts on four key coagulation parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) levels. They significantly prolonged PT, APTT, and TT, and reduced FIB levels, indicating interactions with both extrinsic and endogenous coagulation pathways and potential interference with fibrinogen synthesis, metabolism, or functional activity. Docking simulations between the proteins and FX provided evidence of stable, specific protein-protein complexes, mediated by hydrophobic forces. The high confidence scores and diverse interaction modes suggested evolutionary refinement for tight, specific binding to FX. The study introduced promising anticoagulant molecules from hematophagous arthropods, rigorously validated their activity, and highlighted their potential for research and therapeutic applications. These findings have implications for the development of new anticoagulant and antithrombotic therapeutics, underscoring the importance of exploring natural sources for new drugs to expand the drug pipeline in cardiovascular medicine.

利用酵母双杂交（Y2H）技术，在嗜血节肢动物R. sanguineus唾液腺中共鉴定出122个与凝血因子X （FX）相互作用的蛋白编码序列，其中已鉴定蛋白100个，未鉴定蛋白22个。选择铁蛋白样、酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶样和延伸因子1 α 3种蛋白进行克隆，发现它们对凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化的部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）和纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平等4个关键凝血参数有显著影响。它们显著延长了PT、APTT和TT，并降低了FIB水平，表明它们与外源性和内源性凝血途径相互作用，并可能干扰纤维蛋白原合成、代谢或功能活性。蛋白质和FX之间的对接模拟提供了由疏水力介导的稳定、特异性蛋白质复合物的证据。高置信度分数和多样化的相互作用模式表明，进化改进了与FX的紧密、特异性结合。本研究从食血节肢动物中引入了有前途的抗凝血分子，严格验证了它们的活性，并强调了它们在研究和治疗应用方面的潜力。这些发现对开发新的抗凝血和抗血栓治疗药物具有重要意义，强调了探索新药天然来源以扩大心血管医学药物管道的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Isolation of Bacillus altitudinis A7 from Eimeria-immunized chickens and its inhibitory effect on Eimeria tenella 艾美耳球虫免疫鸡中高原芽孢杆菌A7的分离及其对艾美耳球虫的抑制作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109048

Zhongchuang Wang , Peiyao Shang , Man Lei , Wenjie Zhang , Ruiting Zhang , Qiping Zhao , Shunhai Zhu , Hongyu Han , Hui Dong , Lili Hao , Xingju Song

Eimeria spp. are responsible for chicken coccidiosis, the most important enteric protozoan disease in poultry, resulting in significant economic losses for the poultry industry. With the prohibition of antibiotic use in animal husbandry, researchers must find alternative preventive agents. The objective of this study was to isolate Bacillus strains and evaluate the anti-Eimeria tenella effects of B. altitudinis A7. In total, four Bacillus strains (A1, A5, A6, and A7) were isolated from the fresh feces of E. tenella-immunized chickens, and three Bacillus species, B. pumilus T246 (A1), B. altitudinis 41KF2b (A5 and A7), and B. cereus NS26 (A6), were identified with morphological and molecular methods. The consumption of B. altitudinis A7 by chickens significantly reduced oocyst production and the cecal lesion score after infection with E. tenella and significantly increased the expression of tight-junction proteins, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) relative to those in the E. tenella-infected, non-B. altitudinis A7-fed group (CON). B. altitudinis A7 also significantly increased the relative abundances of Pediococcus, Fournierella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, CAG:352, and Tuzzerella compared with those in both the CON group and the normal control (N) group. These findings indicate that B. altitudinis A7 isolated from the feces of E. tenella-immunized chickens promoted host resistance to E. tenella.

鸡球虫病是禽类中最重要的肠道原生动物疾病，艾美耳球虫引起鸡球虫病，给家禽业造成重大经济损失。由于禁止在畜牧业中使用抗生素，研究人员必须找到替代的预防剂。本研究的目的是分离芽孢杆菌菌株，并评价高原芽孢杆菌A7抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的作用。从鸡鲜粪中分离到4株芽孢杆菌（A1、A5、A6、A7），并通过形态学和分子方法鉴定出细小芽孢杆菌T246 （A1）、高原芽孢杆菌41KF2b （A5、A7）和蜡样芽孢杆菌NS26 （A6）。食用高原白僵菌A7后，鸡的卵囊产量显著降低，盲肠病变评分显著降低，紧密连接蛋白、白细胞介素-8 （IL-8）、白细胞介素-10 （IL-10）和超氧化物歧化酶1 （SOD1）的表达显著高于未感染高原白僵菌的鸡。高原a7饲喂组（CON）。与CON组和正常对照(N)组相比，B. altitudinis A7也显著提高了Pediococcus、Fournierella、Clostridium sensu stricto 1、CAG:352和Tuzzerella的相对丰度。上述结果表明，从免疫的鸡粪便中分离出的高原芽胞杆菌A7可促进宿主对腱戎杆菌的抗性。

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引用次数: 0

WITHDRAWN: Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Leishmaniases: A review. 利什曼病药物输送系统研究进展综述。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109061

Antara Banerjee

This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.

利什曼病是一种被忽视的热带病，由不同的临床形式和表现组成，取决于利什曼原虫的许多不同致病物种，是世界各地普遍存在的主要公共卫生问题之一。从广义上讲，疾病可分为皮肤（CL）和内脏（VL）形式，取决于组织侵犯，发病机制和表现。所有传统的治疗性抗利什曼原虫药物，如锑化合物、两性霉素B、米特福辛、喷他脒、帕罗霉素等，都有其自身的局限性。利什曼原虫寄生虫在网状内皮系统深处的巨噬细胞内以细胞内无梭菌的形式窝藏和增殖，对药物进入感染组织的递送效率、可用性和保留提出了重大挑战。近年来，新型药物输送系统（NDDS）的进展，结合了各种常规药物的纳米配方和新的候选药物，在这方面显示出更好的解决方案。有效靶向药物也减少了有效剂量，从而减少了副作用，减少了出现耐药性的机会。本文结合NDDS在CL和VL中的应用，综述了NDDS的各种方法和研究进展。虽然很少有制剂已被批准用于人类，而且AmBisome已被推荐为印度治疗VL的一线药物，但大多数其他制剂仍在不同实验模型的体外和/或体内研究中。简要介绍了未来的前景、障碍和监管问题。

引用次数: 0

Relationship between toxoplasmosis and addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis 弓形虫病与成瘾的关系：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109062

Tooran Nayeri , Mosayeb Rostamian , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Fatemeh Ghaffarifar , Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl

Chronic toxoplasmosis has been associated with behavioral alterations in both humans and animal models. Given that substance addiction involves behavioral and neurochemical changes, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and substance use disorders by synthesizing available evidence through a meta-analysis. A systematic search of five databases was conducted using relevant keywords to identify English-language articles published up to January 19, 2025. Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding p-value. A total of 18 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 9 met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, encompassing 2499 participants (1018 individuals with substance use disorders and 1481 controls). The random-effects model estimated an OR of 1.86 (95 % CI: 1.25–2.76) for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies among individuals with substance use disorders compared with controls. Egger's test indicated no publication bias. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness and stability of the observed association between anti-T. gondii IgG seropositivity and addiction. These findings demonstrate a statistically significant association between T. gondii infection and substance use disorders. However, the limited number of available studies highlights the need for further epidemiological investigations, particularly longitudinal studies, to clarify the nature and direction of this relationship.

在人类和动物模型中，慢性弓形虫病与行为改变有关。鉴于物质成瘾涉及行为和神经化学变化，本研究旨在通过荟萃分析综合现有证据，探讨弓形虫感染与物质使用障碍之间的潜在关联。利用相关关键词对5个数据库进行系统检索，确定2025年1月19日前发表的英文文章。根据预先确定的纳入和排除标准筛选研究。采用随机效应模型计算合并优势比（OR）及相应的p值。系统评价共纳入18项研究，其中9项符合纳入荟萃分析的标准，共纳入2499名参与者（1018名物质使用障碍患者和1481名对照）。随机效应模型估计抗t的OR为1.86 （95% CI: 1.25-2.76）。药物使用障碍患者的弓形虫IgG抗体与对照组比较。Egger的检验显示没有发表偏倚。敏感性分析证实了观察到的抗t。弓形虫IgG血清阳性与成瘾性。这些发现表明，弓形虫感染与药物使用障碍之间存在统计学上显著的关联。然而，现有研究数量有限，需要进一步进行流行病学调查，特别是纵向研究，以澄清这种关系的性质和方向。

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引用次数: 0

Parasitic competence of Telenomus remus: Response to age-structured and scale-protected eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda 长尾夜蛾的寄生能力：对年龄结构和有鳞片保护的夜蛾卵的反应

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109050

Shushant Tuteja, P.S. Shera

Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an important egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Understanding the influence of host egg age and physical barriers on parasitism by T. remus is essential for optimizing its mass rearing and augmentative biological control program against this invasive pest. The aim of study was to know whether and to what extent age and presence of scales on host eggs influence the parasitism by T. remus. We investigated the parasitism potential of T. remus on 24- and 48-h-old eggs (with and without scales) of S. frugiperda. Significant differences were observed in daily and total parasitism when eggs of S. frugiperda with varying age were offered to parasitoid females. The parasitism was comparatively more on 24-h-old as compared to 48-h-old eggs. However, presence or absence of scales on the eggs had no significant impact on these parameters. There were no significant differences in adult emergence and proportion of the females in progeny (sex-ratio) from 24- and 48-h-old eggs offered to the parasitoid for parasitism. Further, the adult emergence was also not influenced by presence of scales on eggs. The present findings will help in mass rearing of this parasitoid and developing augmentative biological control programme under field conditions for this invasive pest.

膜翅目：夜蛾科)是一种重要的卵寄生蜂。了解寄主卵龄和物理屏障对夜蛾寄生的影响，对优化夜蛾的大规模饲养和加强对夜蛾的生物防治具有重要意义。本研究的目的是了解寄主卵的年龄和鳞片的存在是否以及在多大程度上影响黄颡鱼的寄生。研究了桔皮绦虫在24 h和48 h卵（带鳞和不带鳞）上的寄生潜力。不同龄期的卵对寄生雌虫的日寄生量和总寄生量有显著差异。卵龄24 h寄生率高于卵龄48 h。然而，卵上是否有鳞片对这些参数没有显著影响。24 h和48 h的卵供寄生蜂寄生，其成虫羽化率和雌虫占子代的比例（性别比）无显著差异。此外，成虫的羽化也不受卵上鳞片的影响。本研究结果将有助于该寄生蜂的大规模饲养，并在田间条件下对该入侵害虫制定增强型生物防治方案。

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引用次数: 0

Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites as biocontrol agents: Targeting dengue vector larvae through histological and molecular pathways 蓝藻次级代谢物作为生物防治剂：通过组织学和分子途径靶向登革热媒介幼虫。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109051

Sanjana Vuppula , Dhanraj Ganapathy , Prabhalakshmi Balasubramaniyan , Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj

The increasing resistance of Aedes aegypti to conventional insecticides necessitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the larvicidal efficacy of Lyngbya sp. SMC 069 extracts, particularly focusing on fatty acid-rich chloroform fractions. Among the solvents tested, the chloroform extract showed the highest activity with 90.58 % mortality at 500 ppm against third-instar larvae. Column chromatography yielded a fast-eluting fraction (FR) with superior potency achieving 98.21 % mortality at 50 ppm and an LC₅₀ of 22.3 ppm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of alkane, alkene, and ester functional groups, while GC-MS identified oleic acid derivatives as major constituents. Histopathological analysis revealed disruption of the larval midgut and cuticle. Molecular docking revealed that oleic acid binds strongly to larval targets, including fatty acid-binding protein (−6.6 kcal/mol) and acetylcholinesterase (−5.6 kcal/mol), suggesting dual mechanisms of metabolic disruption and neurotoxicity. These research findings demonstrate the potential of Lyngbya-derived fatty acids as sustainable larvicides. The bioactive fraction's efficacy at low concentrations supports its candidacy for inclusion in integrated mosquito management programs aimed at mitigating vector-borne diseases like dengue. This research advances SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) by providing a sustainable biological alternative for reducing dengue transmission risk.

埃及伊蚊对常规杀虫剂的抗药性日益增强，因此有必要开发环保替代品。本研究考察了枸杞SMC 069提取物的杀幼虫效果，特别是对富含脂肪酸的氯仿部分进行了研究。其中，氯仿提取物在500 ppm浓度下对3龄幼虫的死亡率最高，达到90.58%。柱层析产生了高效的快速洗脱部分（FR），在50 ppm时达到98.21%的死亡率，LC50为22.3 ppm。FT-IR分析证实了烷烃、烯烃和酯官能团的存在，而GC-MS鉴定了油酸衍生物是主要成分。组织病理学分析显示幼虫中肠和角质层破裂。分子对接发现，油酸与幼虫靶蛋白（-6.6 kcal/mol）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（-5.6 kcal/mol）结合较强，提示油酸具有代谢紊乱和神经毒性的双重机制。这些研究结果证明了林子脂肪酸作为可持续杀幼虫剂的潜力。该生物活性组分在低浓度下的功效支持其被纳入旨在减轻登革热等媒介传播疾病的综合蚊子管理计划。

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引用次数: 0

Species diversity, benzimidazole resistance, and phytochemical synergy in gastrointestinal nematode nemabiomes from sheep farms in Portugal 葡萄牙绵羊农场胃肠道线虫的物种多样性、苯并咪唑抗性和植物化学协同作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109058

Natália Faria Campbell , Helga Waap , Helder Cortes

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) threatens small ruminant production. This study assessed ovicidal activity of eight natural aromatic phytochemicals and interactions with synthetic benzimidazoles (BZs: albendazole [ABZ], thiabendazole [TBZ]) against nemabiome eggs of 14 BZ-resistant sheep farms across Trás-os-Montes, Beira Interior, Estremadura, and Alentejo regions of Portugal. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCL), octyl gallate (OGA), carvacrol (CRV), thymol (THY), and salicylaldehyde (SAL) achieved >90 % egg hatch inhibition (EHI) at 250 μg/mL in egg hatch tests (EHTs), unlike trans-cinnamic acid, gentisic acid, and curcumin (<90 % EHI). Effective concentrations (EC₁₀–EC₉₀) were determined for each compound against farm nemabiomes. TCL (EC₉₀ ≈ 27.0 μg/mL) and OGA (≈54.1 μg/mL) showed highest ovicidal efficacy, followed by CRV (≈120.3 μg/mL), THY (≈171.3 μg/mL), and SAL (≈155.2 μg/mL), requiring 25–220-fold higher concentrations than BZs. EC₁₀–EC₇₅ concentrations in checkerboard assays determined fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) to assess interactions. Compound interactions (FICI: 0.20–0.49; all ≤0.5) reduced ABZ mean EC₉₀ by 0.73 μg/mL (89.6 %) and TBZ by 0.72 μg/mL (94.7 %), with TCL and OGA showing strongest effects (FICI ≤0.25). ITS2 metabarcoding identified six GIN species, with Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis most prevalent. Nemabiome diversity (H': 0.09–1.17) and species prevalence showed no correlation with EHI EC₉₀ values (|r| < 0.418, p > 0.05), suggesting ovicidal efficacy or BZ-phytochemical interactions are not species-driven. Synergistic mechanisms involving aromatic phytochemical-induced eggshell damage, complementing BZ β-tubulin disruption, are discussed. BZ-phytochemical combinations offer a promising strategy for sustainable GIN control, warranting in vivo validation.

胃肠道线虫（GINs）的驱虫抗性威胁着小反刍动物的生产。本研究评估了8种天然芳香植物化学物质与合成苯并咪唑（BZs：阿苯达唑[ABZ]、噻苯达唑[TBZ]）对葡萄牙Trás-os-Montes、贝拉内河、埃斯特雷马杜拉和阿连特茹地区14个bz抗性绵羊养殖场的线虫卵的杀卵活性及其相互作用。反式肉桂醛（TCL）、没食子酸辛酯（OGA）、香芹酚（CRV）、百里香酚（THY）和水杨醛（SAL）在250 μg/mL的孵卵试验（EHTs）中，对农场nemabiomes的孵卵抑制率（EHI）达到90%，与反式肉桂酸、龙胆酸和姜黄素（10-EC90）不同。TCL （EC90≈27.0 μg/mL）和OGA（≈54.1 μg/mL）的杀卵效果最高，其次是CRV（≈120.3 μg/mL）、THY（≈171.3 μg/mL）和SAL(≈155.2 μg/mL)，所需浓度比bz高25-220倍。棋盘试验中EC10-EC75浓度测定分数抑制浓度指数（FICIs）以评估相互作用。复合相互作用（FICI: 0.20 ~ 0.49，均≤0.5）使ABZ平均EC90降低0.73 μg/mL (89.6%)， TBZ降低0.72 μg/mL(94.7%)，其中TCL和OGA作用最强（FICI≤0.25）。ITS2元条形码鉴定出6种GIN，其中以弯曲血蜱（Haemonchus contortus）、环皮绒球绦虫（Teladorsagia circulinta）和颜色毛线虫（Trichostrongylus colbriformis）最为常见。线虫组多样性（H′：0.09 ~ 1.17）和物种流行度与EHI EC90值无相关性（|r| < 0.418, p > 0.05），表明杀卵效果或bz -植物化学相互作用不是物种驱动的。讨论了芳香族植物化学诱导的蛋壳损伤的协同机制，以补充BZ β-微管蛋白的破坏。bz -植物化学组合为可持续的GIN控制提供了有前途的策略，需要在体内验证。

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