Experimental parasitology最新文献_第4页

Relationship between toxoplasmosis and addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis 弓形虫病与成瘾的关系：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109062

Tooran Nayeri , Mosayeb Rostamian , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Fatemeh Ghaffarifar , Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl

Chronic toxoplasmosis has been associated with behavioral alterations in both humans and animal models. Given that substance addiction involves behavioral and neurochemical changes, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and substance use disorders by synthesizing available evidence through a meta-analysis. A systematic search of five databases was conducted using relevant keywords to identify English-language articles published up to January 19, 2025. Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding p-value. A total of 18 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 9 met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, encompassing 2499 participants (1018 individuals with substance use disorders and 1481 controls). The random-effects model estimated an OR of 1.86 (95 % CI: 1.25–2.76) for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies among individuals with substance use disorders compared with controls. Egger's test indicated no publication bias. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness and stability of the observed association between anti-T. gondii IgG seropositivity and addiction. These findings demonstrate a statistically significant association between T. gondii infection and substance use disorders. However, the limited number of available studies highlights the need for further epidemiological investigations, particularly longitudinal studies, to clarify the nature and direction of this relationship.

在人类和动物模型中，慢性弓形虫病与行为改变有关。鉴于物质成瘾涉及行为和神经化学变化，本研究旨在通过荟萃分析综合现有证据，探讨弓形虫感染与物质使用障碍之间的潜在关联。利用相关关键词对5个数据库进行系统检索，确定2025年1月19日前发表的英文文章。根据预先确定的纳入和排除标准筛选研究。采用随机效应模型计算合并优势比（OR）及相应的p值。系统评价共纳入18项研究，其中9项符合纳入荟萃分析的标准，共纳入2499名参与者（1018名物质使用障碍患者和1481名对照）。随机效应模型估计抗t的OR为1.86 （95% CI: 1.25-2.76）。药物使用障碍患者的弓形虫IgG抗体与对照组比较。Egger的检验显示没有发表偏倚。敏感性分析证实了观察到的抗t。弓形虫IgG血清阳性与成瘾性。这些发现表明，弓形虫感染与药物使用障碍之间存在统计学上显著的关联。然而，现有研究数量有限，需要进一步进行流行病学调查，特别是纵向研究，以澄清这种关系的性质和方向。

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引用次数: 0

Parasitic competence of Telenomus remus: Response to age-structured and scale-protected eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda 长尾夜蛾的寄生能力：对年龄结构和有鳞片保护的夜蛾卵的反应

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109050

Shushant Tuteja, P.S. Shera

Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an important egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Understanding the influence of host egg age and physical barriers on parasitism by T. remus is essential for optimizing its mass rearing and augmentative biological control program against this invasive pest. The aim of study was to know whether and to what extent age and presence of scales on host eggs influence the parasitism by T. remus. We investigated the parasitism potential of T. remus on 24- and 48-h-old eggs (with and without scales) of S. frugiperda. Significant differences were observed in daily and total parasitism when eggs of S. frugiperda with varying age were offered to parasitoid females. The parasitism was comparatively more on 24-h-old as compared to 48-h-old eggs. However, presence or absence of scales on the eggs had no significant impact on these parameters. There were no significant differences in adult emergence and proportion of the females in progeny (sex-ratio) from 24- and 48-h-old eggs offered to the parasitoid for parasitism. Further, the adult emergence was also not influenced by presence of scales on eggs. The present findings will help in mass rearing of this parasitoid and developing augmentative biological control programme under field conditions for this invasive pest.

膜翅目：夜蛾科)是一种重要的卵寄生蜂。了解寄主卵龄和物理屏障对夜蛾寄生的影响，对优化夜蛾的大规模饲养和加强对夜蛾的生物防治具有重要意义。本研究的目的是了解寄主卵的年龄和鳞片的存在是否以及在多大程度上影响黄颡鱼的寄生。研究了桔皮绦虫在24 h和48 h卵（带鳞和不带鳞）上的寄生潜力。不同龄期的卵对寄生雌虫的日寄生量和总寄生量有显著差异。卵龄24 h寄生率高于卵龄48 h。然而，卵上是否有鳞片对这些参数没有显著影响。24 h和48 h的卵供寄生蜂寄生，其成虫羽化率和雌虫占子代的比例（性别比）无显著差异。此外，成虫的羽化也不受卵上鳞片的影响。本研究结果将有助于该寄生蜂的大规模饲养，并在田间条件下对该入侵害虫制定增强型生物防治方案。

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引用次数: 0

Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites as biocontrol agents: Targeting dengue vector larvae through histological and molecular pathways 蓝藻次级代谢物作为生物防治剂：通过组织学和分子途径靶向登革热媒介幼虫。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109051

Sanjana Vuppula , Dhanraj Ganapathy , Prabhalakshmi Balasubramaniyan , Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj

The increasing resistance of Aedes aegypti to conventional insecticides necessitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the larvicidal efficacy of Lyngbya sp. SMC 069 extracts, particularly focusing on fatty acid-rich chloroform fractions. Among the solvents tested, the chloroform extract showed the highest activity with 90.58 % mortality at 500 ppm against third-instar larvae. Column chromatography yielded a fast-eluting fraction (FR) with superior potency achieving 98.21 % mortality at 50 ppm and an LC₅₀ of 22.3 ppm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of alkane, alkene, and ester functional groups, while GC-MS identified oleic acid derivatives as major constituents. Histopathological analysis revealed disruption of the larval midgut and cuticle. Molecular docking revealed that oleic acid binds strongly to larval targets, including fatty acid-binding protein (−6.6 kcal/mol) and acetylcholinesterase (−5.6 kcal/mol), suggesting dual mechanisms of metabolic disruption and neurotoxicity. These research findings demonstrate the potential of Lyngbya-derived fatty acids as sustainable larvicides. The bioactive fraction's efficacy at low concentrations supports its candidacy for inclusion in integrated mosquito management programs aimed at mitigating vector-borne diseases like dengue. This research advances SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) by providing a sustainable biological alternative for reducing dengue transmission risk.

埃及伊蚊对常规杀虫剂的抗药性日益增强，因此有必要开发环保替代品。本研究考察了枸杞SMC 069提取物的杀幼虫效果，特别是对富含脂肪酸的氯仿部分进行了研究。其中，氯仿提取物在500 ppm浓度下对3龄幼虫的死亡率最高，达到90.58%。柱层析产生了高效的快速洗脱部分（FR），在50 ppm时达到98.21%的死亡率，LC50为22.3 ppm。FT-IR分析证实了烷烃、烯烃和酯官能团的存在，而GC-MS鉴定了油酸衍生物是主要成分。组织病理学分析显示幼虫中肠和角质层破裂。分子对接发现，油酸与幼虫靶蛋白（-6.6 kcal/mol）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（-5.6 kcal/mol）结合较强，提示油酸具有代谢紊乱和神经毒性的双重机制。这些研究结果证明了林子脂肪酸作为可持续杀幼虫剂的潜力。该生物活性组分在低浓度下的功效支持其被纳入旨在减轻登革热等媒介传播疾病的综合蚊子管理计划。

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引用次数: 0

Species diversity, benzimidazole resistance, and phytochemical synergy in gastrointestinal nematode nemabiomes from sheep farms in Portugal 葡萄牙绵羊农场胃肠道线虫的物种多样性、苯并咪唑抗性和植物化学协同作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109058

Natália Faria Campbell , Helga Waap , Helder Cortes

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) threatens small ruminant production. This study assessed ovicidal activity of eight natural aromatic phytochemicals and interactions with synthetic benzimidazoles (BZs: albendazole [ABZ], thiabendazole [TBZ]) against nemabiome eggs of 14 BZ-resistant sheep farms across Trás-os-Montes, Beira Interior, Estremadura, and Alentejo regions of Portugal. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCL), octyl gallate (OGA), carvacrol (CRV), thymol (THY), and salicylaldehyde (SAL) achieved >90 % egg hatch inhibition (EHI) at 250 μg/mL in egg hatch tests (EHTs), unlike trans-cinnamic acid, gentisic acid, and curcumin (<90 % EHI). Effective concentrations (EC₁₀–EC₉₀) were determined for each compound against farm nemabiomes. TCL (EC₉₀ ≈ 27.0 μg/mL) and OGA (≈54.1 μg/mL) showed highest ovicidal efficacy, followed by CRV (≈120.3 μg/mL), THY (≈171.3 μg/mL), and SAL (≈155.2 μg/mL), requiring 25–220-fold higher concentrations than BZs. EC₁₀–EC₇₅ concentrations in checkerboard assays determined fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) to assess interactions. Compound interactions (FICI: 0.20–0.49; all ≤0.5) reduced ABZ mean EC₉₀ by 0.73 μg/mL (89.6 %) and TBZ by 0.72 μg/mL (94.7 %), with TCL and OGA showing strongest effects (FICI ≤0.25). ITS2 metabarcoding identified six GIN species, with Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis most prevalent. Nemabiome diversity (H': 0.09–1.17) and species prevalence showed no correlation with EHI EC₉₀ values (|r| < 0.418, p > 0.05), suggesting ovicidal efficacy or BZ-phytochemical interactions are not species-driven. Synergistic mechanisms involving aromatic phytochemical-induced eggshell damage, complementing BZ β-tubulin disruption, are discussed. BZ-phytochemical combinations offer a promising strategy for sustainable GIN control, warranting in vivo validation.

胃肠道线虫（GINs）的驱虫抗性威胁着小反刍动物的生产。本研究评估了8种天然芳香植物化学物质与合成苯并咪唑（BZs：阿苯达唑[ABZ]、噻苯达唑[TBZ]）对葡萄牙Trás-os-Montes、贝拉内河、埃斯特雷马杜拉和阿连特茹地区14个bz抗性绵羊养殖场的线虫卵的杀卵活性及其相互作用。反式肉桂醛（TCL）、没食子酸辛酯（OGA）、香芹酚（CRV）、百里香酚（THY）和水杨醛（SAL）在250 μg/mL的孵卵试验（EHTs）中，对农场nemabiomes的孵卵抑制率（EHI）达到90%，与反式肉桂酸、龙胆酸和姜黄素（10-EC90）不同。TCL （EC90≈27.0 μg/mL）和OGA（≈54.1 μg/mL）的杀卵效果最高，其次是CRV（≈120.3 μg/mL）、THY（≈171.3 μg/mL）和SAL(≈155.2 μg/mL)，所需浓度比bz高25-220倍。棋盘试验中EC10-EC75浓度测定分数抑制浓度指数（FICIs）以评估相互作用。复合相互作用（FICI: 0.20 ~ 0.49，均≤0.5）使ABZ平均EC90降低0.73 μg/mL (89.6%)， TBZ降低0.72 μg/mL(94.7%)，其中TCL和OGA作用最强（FICI≤0.25）。ITS2元条形码鉴定出6种GIN，其中以弯曲血蜱（Haemonchus contortus）、环皮绒球绦虫（Teladorsagia circulinta）和颜色毛线虫（Trichostrongylus colbriformis）最为常见。线虫组多样性（H′：0.09 ~ 1.17）和物种流行度与EHI EC90值无相关性（|r| < 0.418, p > 0.05），表明杀卵效果或bz -植物化学相互作用不是物种驱动的。讨论了芳香族植物化学诱导的蛋壳损伤的协同机制，以补充BZ β-微管蛋白的破坏。bz -植物化学组合为可持续的GIN控制提供了有前途的策略，需要在体内验证。

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引用次数: 0

Mosquitocidal, immunostimulatory, and molecular effects of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) essential oil on Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) 柑桔Cymbopogon citratus的杀蚊、免疫刺激及分子效应白纹伊蚊精油（Skuse, 1894）。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109046

Perumal Vivekanandhan

In this study, essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon citratus leaves were, tested for toxicity against Aedes albopictus, and their chemical components were identified using GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking techniques were employed to verify the interactions between key compounds and their target proteins. The results showed that C. citratus essential oils caused mortality rate of 100%, 85 %, and 65.33% in larvae, pupae, and adults of A. albopictus, respectively, at 48 h post-treatment. The essential oils exhibited lower LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values in larvae (5.865 and 47.553 ppm) pupae (13.071 and 253.897 ppm), and adults (45.804 and 938.143 ppm) at 48 h post treatment. The study also identified significant variations in the levels of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, as well as insect-specific enzymes. Specifically, catalase enzyme activity decreased, while glutathione S-transferase levels increased compared to the control group. The impact of essential oils from C. citratus leaves on Artemia nauplii showed 40 % mortality at 24 h and 54.66 % at 48 h post-treatment. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils identified six primary chemical constituents: limonene (1.95 %), propyl amyl ketone (2.10 %), isogeranial (1.65 %), citral b (40.10 %), citral a (49.15 %), and caryophyllene oxide (1.35 %). Among these, citral a major chemical element demonstrating strong potential for mosquitocidal activity. Docking analysis revealed pocket C1 as the most promising binding site, with the lowest vina score (−7.1 kcal/mol) and the largest volume (3603 Å³), compared to the smaller and weaker pockets C2–C5. This study clearly demonstrates that essential oils from C. citratus leaves are a promising candidate for controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对香茅叶中提取的精油进行了对白纹伊蚊的毒性测定，并对其化学成分进行了鉴定。此外，利用分子对接技术验证了关键化合物与其靶蛋白之间的相互作用。结果表明，柑桔精油处理后48 h对白纹伊蚊幼虫、蛹和成虫的死亡率分别为100%、85%和65.33%。处理48 h后，精油对幼虫（5.865和47.553 ppm）、蛹（13.071和253.897 ppm）和成虫（45.804和938.143 ppm）的LC50和LC90值较低。该研究还发现了解毒和抗氧化酶以及昆虫特有酶水平的显著差异。具体来说，与对照组相比，过氧化氢酶活性降低，而谷胱甘肽s -转移酶水平升高。柑桔叶精油处理后24 h死亡率为40%，48 h死亡率为54.66%。GC-MS分析鉴定出6种主要化学成分：柠檬烯（1.95%）、丙基戊酮（2.10%）、异戊醛（1.65%）、柠檬醛b（40.10%）、柠檬醛a（49.15%）和石竹烯氧化物（1.35%）。其中，柠檬醛是一种主要的化学元素，具有很强的杀蚊活性。对接分析显示，与较小且较弱的口袋C2-C5相比，口袋C1具有最低的vina分数（-7.1 kcal/mol）和最大的体积（3603 Å3），是最有希望的结合位点。该研究清楚地表明，柑橘叶精油是控制蚊媒疾病的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Eimeria acervulina is a promising surrogate for Toxoplasma gondii oocysts exposed to chemical and physical treatments 针状艾美耳球虫是一种很有前途的替代刚地弓形虫卵囊暴露于化学和物理处理。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109049

Laure Augendre , Sandie Escotte-Binet , Dominique Aubert , Isabelle Villena , Jean-Michel Répérant , Stéphanie La Carbona , Aurélien Dumètre

Oocysts of the coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii withstand a wide range of chemical and physical factors, contributing to their food- and water-borne transmission to humans worldwide. Assessing the efficacy of processes to remove or inactivate oocysts at a pilot or industrial scale encounters major ethical, economic, and methodological constraints. The coccidian parasite Eimeria acervulina has been proposed as a non-human pathogenic alternative of T. gondii to assess food decontamination, however it is not known whether the two parasites exposed to chemical and thermal treatments parallel in terms of oocyst structure and infectivity. Using bioassays and lectin-based assays combined with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses, this study shows that E. acervulina and T. gondii oocysts display similar response to heating and/or freezing and bleach or NaOH treatments, as in maintaining infectivity, with E. acervulina oocysts retaining their size and structure better than T. gondii. Collectively, our results suggest that E. acervulina is a reliable model for studying the response of T. gondii oocysts to certain chemical and physical agents. It could therefore serve as an affordable, non-pathogenic substitute for T. gondii when evaluating food decontamination processes, particularly in industrial settings.

球虫寄生虫刚地弓形虫的卵囊经受了广泛的化学和物理因素，有助于它们通过食物和水传播给全世界的人类。在试验或工业规模上评估去除或灭活卵囊的过程的有效性遇到了主要的伦理、经济和方法上的限制。球虫acervulina艾美耳虫（Eimeria acervulina）已被提出作为弓形虫的非人类致病替代品来评估食品去污，但目前尚不清楚这两种寄生虫暴露于化学和热处理是否在卵囊结构和传染性方面相似。通过生物测定和凝集素检测结合流式细胞术和荧光显微镜分析，本研究表明，在保持感染性方面，尖头弓形虫卵囊和弓形虫卵囊在加热和/或冷冻、漂白剂或氢氧化钠处理下表现出相似的反应，尖头弓形虫卵囊比弓形虫卵囊更能保持其大小和结构。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，刺状芽胞杆菌是研究弓形虫卵囊对某些化学和物理制剂反应的可靠模型。因此，在评估食品净化过程时，特别是在工业环境中，它可以作为一种负担得起的、非致病性的弓形虫替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of ethanolic extract and isolated α-bisabolol from Siparuna guianensis in the treatment of experimental neurotoxoplasmosis 贵阳狐猴醇提物和分离α-双abolol治疗实验性神经弓形虫病的疗效评价。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109045

Victor da Silva Siqueira , Thais Santos Anjo Reis , Stéfanne Rodrigues Rezende Ferreira , Sarah Gomes Rodrigues , Benílton Alves Rodrigues Júnior , Amanda Cristina Corrêa Fleury , Claudinei Alves da Silva , Liliane Nebo , Hellen Bertoletti Barbieri , Júlio César Jeronimo Barbosa , Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso , Carla Silva Siqueira , Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, typically manifests asymptomatically in immunocompetent individuals, leading to persistent chronic infection. However, immunosuppressed patients, such as transplant recipients, often develop neurotoxoplasmosis. The most commonly used therapy for neurotoxoplasmosis involves a combination of sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and folinic acid, but this treatment is associated with numerous side effects, leading to high rates of discontinuation. Ethanolic extract (EE) and α-bisabolol derived from the Siparuna guianensis plant have demonstrated favorable potential as a therapeutic alternative to parasitic diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the antitoxoplasmic potential of the ethanolic extract and the isolated α-bisabolol from S. guianensis in the treatment of in vivo neurotoxoplasmosis in Swiss mice. After 14 days of treatment, the mice were euthanized and their blood, brain, liver and kidney were collected for analysis. Histopathological analysis of the brain revealed that treatment with EE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg/day resulted in a lower parasite burden. Biochemical and histopathological analysis of the livers and kidneys indicated low liver and kidney toxicity of EE. Based on these results, it is concluded that EE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg/day was more effective in controlling T. gondii, being able to cross the blood-brain barrier, as well as being less toxic to the host, showing an action similar to conventional treatment.

弓形虫病由原生动物刚地弓形虫引起，通常在免疫能力强的个体中无症状表现，导致持续的慢性感染。然而，免疫抑制的患者，如移植受者，经常发展为神经弓形虫病。神经弓形虫病最常用的治疗包括磺胺嘧啶、乙胺嘧啶和亚叶酸的联合治疗，但这种治疗有许多副作用，导致停药率很高。摘要从贵州芦杉植物中提取的乙醇提取物（EE）和α-双abolol已被证明具有良好的治疗寄生虫病的潜力。因此，本研究旨在评价贵州葡萄树乙醇提取物和分离的α-双abolol对瑞士小鼠体内神经弓形虫病的抗弓形虫潜能。治疗14天后，对小鼠实施安乐死，并采集其血液、脑、肝、肾进行分析。脑组织病理学分析显示，用浓度为200 mg/kg/天的EE治疗可降低寄生虫负担。肝脏和肾脏的生化和组织病理学分析表明，EE的肝脏和肾脏毒性较低。综上所述，浓度为200 mg/kg/天的EE对弓形虫的控制更有效，能够穿过血脑屏障，而且对宿主的毒性更小，其作用与常规治疗相似。

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引用次数: 0

Aniba rosaeodora essential oil as a potent, eco-friendly larvicide against Aedes albopictus 蔷薇精油是一种高效、环保的杀蚊剂，可杀灭白纹伊蚊

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109047

Roselyn Manngaihsiam, Zothan Siama, Kiran R. Kharat

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat to global health, necessitating innovative and sustainable vector control strategies. Aedes albopictus, a key vector, requires effective larvicidal agents to mitigate its spread. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil (AREO) against A. albopictus larvae, assess its cytotoxic and neurotoxic mechanisms, and explore its potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional mosquito larvicides. The larvicidal activity of AREO was tested against A. albopictus larvae by measuring its concentration- and time-dependent toxicity. Histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine cytotoxic effects on larval tissues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was assessed to determine neurotoxic mechanisms. AREO demonstrated significant larvicidal activity, with LC₅₀ values of 40.225 and 10.382 ppm at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Histological analysis revealed midgut epithelial disintegration, whereas SEM confirmed structural damage to the cuticle. AREO exhibited potent AChE inhibition (78.8 % at 100 ppm compared with the control), indicating a neurotoxic mode of action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report AREO as an effective larvicidal agent against A. albopictus. Despite its limitations, such as the need for field trials and broader ecotoxicity studies, AREO shows promise as a sustainable alternative to conventional mosquito larvicides.

蚊媒疾病对全球健康构成重大威胁，需要创新和可持续的病媒控制战略。白纹伊蚊是一种重要的病媒，需要有效的杀幼虫剂来减轻其传播。本研究旨在评价蔷薇精油（AREO）对白纹伊蚊幼虫的杀幼虫效果，评估其细胞毒性和神经毒性机制，并探讨其作为常规杀幼虫剂的可持续替代品的潜力。通过浓度依赖性和时间依赖性的毒力测定，研究了AREO对白纹伊蚊幼虫的杀虫活性。采用组织学分析和扫描电镜（SEM）观察对幼虫组织的细胞毒作用。评估乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制以确定神经毒性机制。在24 h和48 h杀灭幼虫的LC50分别为40.225和10.382 ppm。组织学分析显示中肠上皮解体，扫描电镜证实角质层结构损伤。AREO表现出强有力的AChE抑制作用（与对照组相比，100 ppm时为78.8%），表明其作用方式具有神经毒性。据我们所知，这是第一个报道AREO作为白纹伊蚊有效的杀幼虫剂的研究。尽管存在局限性，例如需要实地试验和更广泛的生态毒性研究，但AREO有望成为传统灭蚊幼虫剂的可持续替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Remodeling of liver tissue and the inflammatory profile in a dyslipidemic mice model infected with acute schistosomiasis 急性血吸虫病感染的血脂异常小鼠模型的肝组织重塑和炎症谱。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109043

Thainá de Melo , Isadora do Monte Silveira Bruno , Luciana Brandão-Bezerra , Christiane Leal Corrêa , Silvia Amaral G da Silva , Luciana Silva Rodrigues , Alba Cristina Miranda de Barros Alencar , José Roberto Machado-Silva , Renata Heisler Neves

Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people in endemic areas and it is heavily influenced by changes in the host's metabolic profile. This study investigated liver tissue remodeling in acute experimental schistosomiasis and diet-induced dyslipidemia in female Swiss Webster mice. The mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD) for 29 weeks. At week 20, the animals were subcutaneously infected with 100 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni (BH strain). After 9 weeks of infection, the mice were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Additionally, peritoneal lavage was performed to evaluate cytokine profiles. Liver was collected, processed, and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Gomori's Reticulin, and Picrosirius Red for histopathological, stereological, morphometric, and collagen granuloma analyses. Biochemical tests confirmed dyslipidemia in the HFD-fed mice. Peritoneal cells exhibited a proinflammatory immune response, and liver displayed a highly inflamed architectural morphology. Morphometric analysis of centrilobular and hepatic veins revealed that both HFD and schistosomiasis altered vessel morphology. The findings suggest that diet-induced dyslipidemia interferes with certain aspects of acute experimental schistosomiasis, contributing to immune cytokine profile remodeling by macrophages, liver disorganization, and modulation of the morphometric parameters of centrilobular and hepatic veins.

血吸虫病是一种被忽视的疾病，影响着流行地区的数百万人，它受到宿主代谢谱变化的严重影响。本研究探讨了急性实验性血吸虫病和饮食性血脂异常对雌性瑞士韦氏小鼠肝组织重塑的影响。小鼠被喂食高脂肪饮食（HFD）或标准饮食（SD） 29周。第20周皮下感染100条曼氏血吸虫尾蚴（BH株）。感染9周后，对小鼠实施安乐死，并采集血样进行生化分析。此外，进行腹膜灌洗以评估细胞因子谱。收集肝脏，用苏木精和伊红、Gomori’s Reticulin和Picrosirius Red染色，进行组织病理学、体视学、形态计量学和胶原肉芽肿分析。生物化学试验证实，饲喂hfd的小鼠存在血脂异常。腹膜细胞表现出促炎免疫反应，肝脏表现出高度炎症的建筑形态。小叶中心静脉和肝静脉的形态计量学分析显示，HFD和血吸虫病都改变了血管形态。研究结果表明，饮食诱导的血脂异常干扰了急性实验性血吸虫病的某些方面，促进了巨噬细胞的免疫细胞因子谱重塑，肝脏紊乱，以及小叶中心和肝静脉形态测量参数的调节。

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引用次数: 0

Siglec homologs interact with membrane-bound Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) during early infection of the Schistosoma mansoni susceptible (BB02) Biomphalaria glabrata snail host Siglec同源物在曼氏血吸虫敏感型（BB02）光螺寄主早期感染过程中与膜结合热休克蛋白70 （Hsp70）相互作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109042

Eli Vanlal , Oumsalama Elhelu , Olayemi G. Fagunloye , Matty Knight

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) are cell surface receptors involved in immune signaling. When Schistosoma mansoni infects its intermediate host, the Biomphalaria glabrata snail, early stress responses such as upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) are observed. We hypothesized that stress-induced Hsp70 translocates to the cell membrane and interacts with siglec homologs to modulate immune response in the snail. Utilizing in-silico approaches, we identified B. glabrata transcripts homologous to human and molluscan siglecs, followed by homology modeling and molecular docking, which predicted a salt bridge between glutamic acid 479 on Hsp70 and lysine 47 on a siglec homolog, (BgPrx), suggesting a plausible binding interface.

To validate this, we performed real-time qPCR from infected BB02 snails, revealing significant upregulation of siglec homolog transcripts shortly after infection. Additionally, protein fractionation and immunocytochemistry confirmed Hsp70 localization to the membrane post infection. These results support a model in which siglec–Hsp70 interactions dampen stress signaling and may suppress host immune defenses. Concurrently, S. mansoni employs glycan mimicry, presenting host-like sialylated structures that likely engage siglecs and further misdirect the immune response.

Together, our findings suggest that BgHsp70–siglec interactions, in combination with parasite glycan mimicry, constitute a potential immune evasion mechanism enabling schistosome establishment in susceptible B. glabrata snails.

唾液酸结合免疫球蛋白样凝集素（siglecs）是参与免疫信号传导的细胞表面受体。当曼氏血吸虫感染其中间宿主光螺时，观察到热休克蛋白70 （Hsp70）上调等早期应激反应。我们假设应激诱导的Hsp70易位到细胞膜上，并与siglec同源物相互作用以调节蜗牛的免疫反应。利用芯片技术，我们鉴定了与人类和软体动物siglecs同源的光斑拟合杆菌转录本，随后进行了同源建模和分子对接，预测了Hsp70上的谷氨酸479和siglecs同源物（BgPrx）上的赖氨酸47之间存在盐桥，表明可能存在结合界面。为了验证这一点，我们对受感染的BB02蜗牛进行了实时qPCR，发现在感染后不久siglec同源转录物显著上调。此外，蛋白分离和免疫细胞化学证实Hsp70在感染后定位于膜上。这些结果支持一个模型，其中siglec-Hsp70相互作用抑制应激信号，并可能抑制宿主免疫防御。同时，mansoni采用聚糖模仿，呈现宿主样唾液化结构，可能与siglecs结合并进一步误导免疫反应。总之，我们的研究结果表明，BgHsp70-siglec相互作用与寄生虫聚糖模仿相结合，构成了一种潜在的免疫逃避机制，使血吸虫能够在易感的光斑螺中建立。

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引用次数: 0