Experimental parasitology最新文献_第4页

Corrigendum to “Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR for genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. from water monitoring slides” [Experiment. Parasitol. 242 (2022) 108366] 水质监测幻灯片中隐孢子虫属基因分型实时 PCR 的开发与评估"[实验. 寄生虫. 242 (2022) 108366] 更正。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108849

Elwin K , Robinson G , G. Perez-Cordon , Chalmers Rm

引用次数: 0

Preliminary evaluation of the protective effect of rEi-SAG19 on Eimeria intestinalis infection in rabbits 初步评估 rEi-SAG19 对兔子肠道埃默氏菌感染的保护作用。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108845

Jiayan Pu, Ge Hao, Hao Chen, Wei He, Changming Xiong, Jie Xiao, Guangyou Yang

Eimeria intestinalis is one of the most pathogenic coccidia species in rabbits. Anticoccidial treaments are the main measures to control rabbit coccidiosis now, but there are drug resistance and residues concerns. Therefore, vaccine has been used as an alternative strategy. The surface antigens (SAGs) of apicomplexan protozoa play a role in adhesion and invasion of host intestinal cells, and are considered to be potential candidate antigens for vaccines. In this study, transcriptional analysis of 5 Ei-SAGs genes at four developmental stages was conducted, then the Ei-SAG19 gene were screened out for prokaryotic expression and the reactogenicity of recombinant SAG19 (rEi-SAG19) was investigated by immunoblotting. To assessment the protective effects of rEi-SAG19, rabbits (n = 40) were randomly divided into four groups (Blank control, PBS-infected, Trx-His-S-Quil-A-infected and rEi-SAG19 immunized groups), the rEi-SAG19 immunized group was subcutaneously immunized with 100 μg rEi-SAG19 in the neck with an interval of two weeks, and challenged with 5 × 10⁴ homologous oocysts two weeks after the second immunization. Two weeks after the challenge, all rabbits were sacrificed. After that, the level of serum specific IgG antibody was detected weekly and the level of cytokines in serum before the challenge were determined. At the end of the experiment, the weight gain, oocyst reduction rate, lesion score and anticoccidial index (ACI) were calculated. The results showed that rEi-SAG19 has a good reactogenicity. The relative weight gain rate, oocyst reduction rate and ACI of the rabbits in rEi-SAG19 immunized group were 80.51%, 72.6%, and 165.1, respectively, which has a moderate protective effect. The level of serum specific IgG antibody and IL-4 rised significantly (P < 0.05), but the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Our results indicated that rEi-SAG19 could provides moderate protective effect against E. intestinalis infection in rabbits (ACI = 165.1). Therefore, rEi-SAG19 could be used as a vaccine candidate antigen for E. intestinalis.

肠道埃米拉氏菌是家兔致病性最强的球虫之一。目前，抗球虫药物治疗是控制兔球虫病的主要措施，但存在耐药性和药物残留问题。因此，疫苗被用作一种替代策略。呼吸复合原虫的表面抗原（SAGs）在粘附和侵入宿主肠道细胞中发挥作用，被认为是疫苗的潜在候选抗原。本研究对5个Ei-SAGs基因的四个发育阶段进行了转录分析，然后筛选出了原核表达的Ei-SAG19基因，并通过免疫印迹法研究了重组SAG19（rEi-SAG19）的反应原性。为了评估rEi-SAG19的保护作用，将兔子（n = 40）随机分为四组（空白对照组、PBS感染组、Trx-His-S-Quil-A感染组和rEi-SAG19免疫组），rEi-SAG19免疫组在颈部皮下注射100 μg rEi-SAG19，间隔两周，第二次免疫两周后用5×104同源卵囊进行挑战。挑战两周后，所有兔子均被处死。之后，每周检测血清特异性 IgG 抗体的水平，并测定挑战前血清中细胞因子的水平。实验结束后，计算兔子的体重增加、卵囊减少率、病变评分和抗球虫指数（ACI）。结果表明，rEi-SAG19 具有良好的反应生成性。rEi-SAG19免疫组兔子的相对增重率、卵囊减少率和ACI分别为80.51%、72.6%和165.1，具有中等保护作用。血清特异性 IgG 抗体和 IL-4 水平显著升高（P < 0.05），但 IL-2、IFN-γ 和 IL-10 水平无显著差异（P > 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，rEi-SAG19 对家兔肠道埃希氏菌感染有中度保护作用（ACI = 165.1）。因此，rEi-SAG19 可用作肠道埃希氏菌疫苗的候选抗原。

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引用次数: 0

RAD51 recombinase and its paralogs: Orchestrating homologous recombination and unforeseen functions in protozoan parasites RAD51 重组酶及其旁系亲属：在原生动物寄生虫中协调同源重组和意外功能。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108847

Jose Jesús Flores-Vega , Jonathan Puente-Rivera , Sharon Itzel Sosa-Mondragón , Minerva Camacho-Nuez , María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez

The DNA of protozoan parasites is highly susceptible to damage, either induced by environmental agents or spontaneously generated during cellular metabolism through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Certain phases of the cell cycle, such as meiotic recombination, and external factors like ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or chemical genotoxic agents further increase this susceptibility. Among the various types of DNA damage, double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are the most critical, as they are challenging to repair and can result in genetic instability or cell death. DSBs caused by environmental stressors are primarily repaired via one of two major pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). In multicellular eukaryotes, NHEJ predominates, but in unicellular eukaryotes such as protozoan parasites, HR seems to be the principal mechanism for DSB repair. The HR pathway is orchestrated by proteins from the RAD52 epistasis group, including RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RAD55, and the MRN complex. This review focuses on elucidating the diverse roles and significance of RAD51 recombinase and its paralogs in protozoan parasites, such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebozoa), apicomplexan parasites (Chromalveolata), Naegleria fowleri, Giardia spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and trypanosomatids (Excavata), where they primarily function in HR. Additionally, we analyze the diversity of proteins involved in HR, both upstream and downstream of RAD51, and discuss the implications of these processes in parasitic protozoa.

原生动物寄生虫的 DNA 极易受到损伤，这种损伤可能是环境因素诱发的，也可能是细胞代谢过程中通过活性氧（ROS）自发产生的。细胞周期的某些阶段，如减数分裂重组，以及电离辐射（IR）、紫外线（UV）或化学基因毒性物质等外部因素，都会进一步增加这种易感性。在各种类型的 DNA 损伤中，双链断裂（DSB）最为关键，因为它们难以修复，可能导致基因不稳定或细胞死亡。环境应激因素造成的 DSB 主要通过两种主要途径之一进行修复：非同源末端连接（NHEJ）或同源重组（HR）。在多细胞真核生物中，NHEJ占主导地位，但在原生动物寄生虫等单细胞真核生物中，HR似乎是DSB修复的主要机制。HR途径由RAD52外显子组的蛋白质协调，包括RAD51、RAD52、RAD54、RAD55和MRN复合体。本综述重点阐明了 RAD51 重组酶及其旁系亲属在原生动物寄生虫（如棘阿米巴、组织溶解恩塔米巴虫（阿米巴原虫）、阿米巴复合寄生虫（Chromalveolata）、福氏瑙格勒氏虫、贾第鞭毛虫属、阴道毛滴虫和锥虫（Excavata））中的不同作用和意义，它们在这些寄生虫中主要发挥 HR 功能。此外，我们还分析了 RAD51 上下游参与 HR 的蛋白质的多样性，并讨论了这些过程对寄生原生动物的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of environmental factors on host-parasite interaction patterns in backyard-tethered goats of Kerala, India 环境因素对印度喀拉拉邦散养拴系山羊宿主与寄生虫相互作用模式的影响

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108846

Y. Ajith , Sasi Adithya , K.S. Athira , V. Beena , M. Saifudeen Safeer , Sabu Mathews Mevin , P. Preena , A.R. Nisha , Mathew Manju , George Arun , S. Ajithkumar

The environment is the most important stratum in the epidemiological triad of a parasitic disease and any variations in the environmental factors may decide the dynamic occurrence and existence of different lifecycle stages of these parasites. The present study investigated the correlations between key biometeorological and demographical parameters with the incidence of different gastrointestinal parasites and hemoparasites among goats. Four hundred and thirty-two goats were screened for parasitic infection in a yearlong survey conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Kerala, India. The weather parameters (T_max, T_min, RH, THI, and bright sunshine hours), air quality parameters [AQI, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀], and demographic parameters (gender and age) were recorded along with the test positivity of different categories of gastrointestinal parasites and hemoparasites in goats by routine fecal sample examination and blood smear examination, respectively. The infection level was ranked based on the severity of the infection. The mean and daily variations in biometeorological parameters were calculated and the data were statistically analyzed to figure out the pertinent correlations in host-parasite-environment interaction patterns. High levels of parasitic infections with significant month-wise variations and climate-correlated peak infection patterns were noticed. The incidence of parasites was negatively correlated to all parameters except humidity, indicating more severe parasitism during monsoon months. The significant variations in the host-parasite interaction dynamics point towards the need for detailed explorations concerning the lifecycle of each specific parasite with a focus on the possible environment-favourable and resistant lifecycle stages. Future studies may be designed from a biometeorological perspective to develop a crucial understanding of host-parasite-environment interactions in goats ensuring sustainable goat farming.

环境是寄生虫病流行病学三要素中最重要的一环，环境因素的任何变化都可能决定这些寄生虫不同生命周期阶段的动态发生和存在。本研究调查了主要生物气象和人口统计参数与山羊不同胃肠道寄生虫和血液寄生虫发病率之间的相关性。2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 6 月，在印度喀拉拉邦 Mannuthy 的教学兽医临床综合大楼进行了为期一年的调查，对 422 只山羊进行了寄生虫感染筛查。在记录天气参数（Tmax、Tmin、RH、THI 和日照时数）、空气质量参数[AQI、PM2.5 和 PM10]和人口统计参数（性别和年龄）的同时，还通过常规粪便样本检查和血涂片检查分别检测了山羊体内不同种类的胃肠道寄生虫和血液寄生虫的阳性率。根据感染的严重程度对感染等级进行排序。计算了生物气象参数的平均值和日变化，并对数据进行了统计分析，以找出宿主-寄生虫-环境相互作用模式中的相关关联。结果发现，寄生虫感染率很高，月度变化很大，感染高峰与气候相关。除湿度外，寄生虫的发病率与所有参数都呈负相关，这表明季风月份的寄生虫病更为严重。宿主-寄生虫相互作用动态的显著变化表明，有必要对每种特定寄生虫的生命周期进行详细探索，重点关注可能的环境有利和有抵抗力的生命周期阶段。未来的研究可以从生物气象学的角度进行设计，以便对山羊宿主-寄生虫-环境的相互作用有一个重要的了解，从而确保山羊养殖业的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Silver nanoparticles exhibit in vitro anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities against Dactylogyrus minutus (Kulwieć, 1927), and Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio Koi 银纳米粒子对鲤科锦鲤体内的小蚤蚤（Kulwieć，1927 年）和嗜水气单胞菌具有体外驱虫和抗菌活性。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108848

Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos , Liseth Vanessa Perenguez Riofrio , Maria Clara Miguel Libanori , Paola Capistrano dos Santos , Domickson Silva Costa , Jucimauro de Araújo Pereira Junior , Alexandre Vaz da Silva , Emilly Monteiro Lopes , Ana Paula de Souza , José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño , Diego José Nogueira , Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo , Maurício Laterça Martins

The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelminthic and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Dactylogyrus minutus and Aeromonas hydrophila, pathogens of Cyprinus carpio Koi. Gill arches of the fish were removed and placed into six-well plates containing 10 mL of tank water with varying concentrations of AgNPs: 100, 400, 500, 600, and 800 mg/L, along with control groups using tank water and distilled water. Each group was tested in triplicate. Parasites were observed every 10 min for 300 min (5 h) using a stereomicroscope, and mortality rates were recorded. Anthelminthic efficacy was calculated at the end of the tests. For the in vitro antimicrobial test, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of AgNPs was determined by adding 100 μL of Poor Broth (PB) culture medium to all 96 wells of a microplate. The first well was filled with 100 μL of AgNPs, followed by serial dilutions (1:2 ratio). Subsequently, 50 μL of A. hydrophila (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL) was added to all wells and incubated for 24 h at 28 °C. Results showed that 800 mg/L of AgNPs achieved 87% anthelminthic efficacy within 300 min, while 100 mg/L achieved 47% efficacy. The MIC showed bacterial growth inhibition at 125 mg/mL. Despite the 87% efficacy against parasites within 300 min, AgNPs did not reach 100% efficacy quickly, limiting their potential use in ornamental fish farming. Further studies are needed to assess the toxicity of AgNPs in fish.

该研究旨在评估银纳米粒子（AgNPs）对鲤科锦鲤的病原体--小喙蚤和嗜水气单胞菌的体外驱虫和抗菌活性。取出鱼鳃弓，将其放入装有 10 mL 不同浓度 AgNPs（100、400、500、600 和 800 mg/L）鱼缸水的六孔板中，同时将鱼缸水和蒸馏水作为对照组。每组测试一式三份。使用体视显微镜每 10 分钟观察寄生虫一次，持续 300 分钟（5 小时），并记录死亡率。试验结束后计算杀虫效果。在体外抗菌试验中，向微孔板的所有 96 个孔中加入 100 μL 的贫肉汤（PB）培养基，测定 AgNPs 的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。第一孔加入 100 μL AgNPs，然后按 1:2 的比例稀释。随后，在所有孔中加入 50 μL 蚜蝇（1 × 107 CFU/mL），并在 28 °C 下培养 24 小时。结果表明，800 毫克/升的 AgNPs 在 300 分钟内达到了 87% 的驱虫效果，而 100 毫克/升则达到了 47% 的驱虫效果。125 毫克/毫升的 MIC 值显示细菌生长受到抑制。尽管 AgNPs 在 300 分钟内对寄生虫有 87% 的疗效，但并不能很快达到 100% 的疗效，这限制了其在观赏鱼养殖中的潜在用途。还需要进一步研究来评估 AgNPs 对鱼类的毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel loaded-chitosan nanoparticles on juvenile Schistosoma mansoni worms in murine model 载入壳聚糖纳米颗粒的吡喹酮对小鼠曼氏血吸虫幼虫的治疗效果

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108843

Mai Mahmoud , Amal Farahat Allam , Amina Essawy Essawy , Thanaa Ibrahim Shalaby , Soheir Salem El-Sherif

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the standard treatment for schistosomiasis; however, it is poorly effective on immature and juvenile worms. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel loaded-chitosan nanoparticles (PZQ-CSNPs) on the 25 days old juvenile Schistosoma mansoni worms compared to PZQ and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs). It was conducted on 60 Swiss albino mice, including 20 control and 40 experimental mice. The control groups included healthy uninfected and infected non-treated mice. The experimental groups included mice infected treated on the 25th day with 400 mg/kg PZQ, 30 mg/kg CSNPs, 100 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg PZQ-CSNPs. The results revealed that PZQ-CSNPs (100, 400 mg/kg) gave the best results substantiated by a remarkable decrease in worm burden, egg count, granuloma count and size compared to the other treatments. Moreover, it induced severe deformations of worm morphology regarding oral and ventral suckers, tegument, spines distribution, and male gynaecophoric canal. Liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased while antioxidant activities were increased compared to control and other treated groups. In conclusion, a single dose of PZQ-CSNPs had significant antischistosomal therapeutic effects during the early maturation phase.

吡喹酮 (PZQ) 是治疗血吸虫病的标准药物，但对未成熟和幼虫的疗效不佳。本研究旨在评估装载吡喹酮的壳聚糖纳米颗粒（PZQ-CSNPs）与 PZQ 和壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CSNPs）相比，对 25 天大的曼氏血吸虫幼虫的疗效。实验以 60 只瑞士白化小鼠为对象，包括 20 只对照组和 40 只实验组小鼠。对照组包括未感染和未感染的健康小鼠。实验组包括在第25天接受400毫克/千克PZQ、30毫克/千克CSNPs、100毫克/千克和400毫克/千克PZQ-CSNPs治疗的感染小鼠。结果显示，PZQ-CSNPs（100 毫克/千克、400 毫克/千克）的效果最好，与其他处理相比，虫体负荷、虫卵数、肉芽肿数量和大小均显著减少。此外，它还导致虫体形态发生严重变形，包括口腔和腹吸盘、外皮、刺的分布以及雄虫的阴道。与对照组和其他处理组相比，肝酶和氧化应激标记物明显降低，而抗氧化活性则有所提高。总之，单剂量的 PZQ-CSNPs 在早期成熟阶段具有显著的抗异染色体治疗效果。

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引用次数: 0

Antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity of compounds from some Nigerian plants 尼日利亚一些植物中的化合物的抗锥虫和抗利什曼病活性。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108844

Samya Alenezi , Ngozichukwuka P. Igoli , Alexander I. Gray , Enimie E. Oaikhena , Ibrahim A. Alfayez , Harry P. de Koning , John O. Igoli

Ten compounds, six extracts and five fractions obtained from three Nigerian plants were assayed for their in vitro antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities. Each plant was extacted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Isolated compounds were characterized and identified based on their NMR chemical shifts and comparison to literature reports. The crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were tested against the kinetoplastid parasites: bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei Lister 427WT and the derived multi-drug resistant clone B48, and promastigote forms of Leishmania mexicana cas9/T7 and the derived clone cas9ΔNT1. Column chromatography of the extracts using silica gel yielded ten compounds identified as curzerenone, epi-curzerenone, chloranthene F, isofuranodienone, 8(17)-12E-labdadiene-15, 16-dial and 15-hydroxy-8(17),12E-labdadiene-16-al from Siphonochilus aetiopicus, lupeol, linalolic acid and spinasterone from Calliandra portoricensis, and abruquinone B from Abrus precatorius. The assay results showed that the Siphonochilus aetiopicus and Calliandra portoricensis crude extracts, fractions and compounds displayed moderate activity against the Trypanosoma brucei but showed less activity against Leishmania mexicana. Abrus precatorius crude extract, fraction, and isolated compound exhibited only weak trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities against both kinetoplastid parasites tested. These findings have provided evidence for the use of Siphonochilus aetiopicus and Calliandra portoricensis in traditional medicine relating to parasitic diseases.

对从三种尼日利亚植物中提取的 10 种化合物、6 种提取物和 5 种馏分进行了体外抗锥虫和抗利什曼活性测定。每种植物都用正己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇进行提取。根据核磁共振化学位移以及与文献报告的比较，对分离出的化合物进行了表征和鉴定。对粗提取物、馏分和分离出的化合物进行了针对动植体寄生虫的测试：布氏锥虫 Lister 427WT 的血流形式和衍生的耐多药克隆 B48，以及墨西哥利什曼原虫 cas9/T7 和衍生的克隆 cas9ΔNT1。使用硅胶对提取物进行柱层析，得到了 10 种化合物，分别是来自 Siphonochilus aetiopicus 的 curzerenone、epi-curzerenone、chloranthene F、isofuranodienone、8(17)-12E-labdadiene-15, 16-dial 和 15-hydroxy-8(17),12E-labdadiene-16-al ，来自 Calliandra portoricensis 的 lupeol、芳樟酸和 spinasterone，以及来自 Abrus precatorius 的 abruquinone B。检测结果表明，Siphonochilus aetiopicus 和 Calliandra portoricensis 的粗提取物、馏分和化合物对布氏锥虫具有中等程度的活性，但对墨西哥利什曼原虫的活性较低。Abrus precatorius 粗萃取物、馏分和分离出的化合物对测试的两种内胚层寄生虫只表现出微弱的杀锥虫和杀利什曼活性。这些发现为 Siphonochilus aetiopicus 和 Calliandra portoricensis 在与寄生虫病有关的传统医学中的应用提供了证据。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Plasmodium yoelii: Contribution of oocysts melanization to natural refractoriness in Anopheles dirus” [Exp. Parasitol. 116 (2007) 433–439] 对 "Plasmodium yoelii：116（2007）433-439]。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108842

X. Wen-Yue, Z. Jian, Z. Tao-Li, H. Fu-Sheng, D. Jian-Hua, W. Ying, Q. Zhong-Wen, X. Li-Sha

引用次数: 0

Role of various virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica 各种毒力因子在组织溶解恩塔米巴虫致病过程中的作用。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108841

Shubham Mathur , Sanket Kaushik , S.L. Kothari , Vijay Kumar Srivastava

Developing countries continuously face challenges to get rid of amoebiasis, a protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Every year around 900 million people get affected by amoebiasis, among them only 10 % of people show the symptoms of the disease while 90 % of people do not show any symptoms but still, serve as carriers of the disease. Asymptomatic persons carry cysts of Entamoeba in their fecal matter, which is carried by house flies to contaminate the food and water. Entamoeba histolytica is a very successful pathogen because it has very well-developed virulence factors that function in infection to host as well as in overcoming the host's immune response. However, researchers have very little information about the clear relationship between virulence factors and the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica, through various research, researchers have been able to identify key pathogenic factors that are crucial to the pathogenesis of amoebiasis and have provided valuable insights into the development of the disease. The objective of this review is to underscore various virulence factors (Monosaccharides, Gal/GalNAc lectin, extracellular vesicles, cysteine proteases, amoeba-pores, and actin microfilament) involved in pathogenesis which may be helpful for designing of future drug or therapy.

阿米巴病是一种由组织溶解恩塔莫阿米巴原虫引起的原生动物疾病，发展中国家一直面临着消除阿米巴病的挑战。每年约有 9 亿人受到阿米巴病的影响，其中只有 10% 的人表现出疾病症状，90% 的人没有任何症状，但仍然是疾病的携带者。无症状者的粪便中携带有恩塔米巴虫的包囊，这些包囊由家蝇携带，污染食物和水。组织溶解恩塔米巴虫是一种非常成功的病原体，因为它具有非常发达的毒力因子，能够感染宿主并克服宿主的免疫反应。然而，研究人员对毒力因子与组织溶解恩塔米巴虫毒力之间的明确关系知之甚少。通过各种研究，研究人员已经能够确定对阿米巴病发病机制至关重要的关键致病因子，并为该疾病的发展提供了有价值的见解。本综述旨在强调各种致病因子（单糖、Gal/GalNAc凝集素、胞外囊泡、半胱氨酸蛋白酶、阿米巴虫孔和肌动蛋白微丝）与致病机理的关系，这可能有助于设计未来的药物或疗法。

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引用次数: 0

Characterisation of seryl tRNA synthetase (srs-2) in Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta 血丝氨酰 tRNA 合成酶（srs-2）的特征。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108840

Saleh Umair , Charlotte Bouchet , Jolyon K. Claridge , Sheralee Cleland , Warwick Grant , Jacqueline Knight

The aim of the study was to purify and characterise recombinant proteins with the potential as an anti-parasite vaccine. Full-length cDNAs encoding seryl-tRNA synthetase (srs-2) were cloned from Haemonchus contortus (HcSRS-2) and Teladorsagia circumcincta (TcSRS-2). TcSRS-2 and HcSRS-2 cDNA (1458bp) encoded proteins of 486 amino acids, each of which was present as a single band of about 55 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Multiple alignments of the protein sequences showed homology of 94% between TcSRS-2 and HcSRS-2, 76–93% with SRS-2s of eight nematodes and 68% with Mus musculus SRS-2. The predicted three-dimensional structures revealed an overall structural homology of TcSRS-2 and HcSRS-2, highly conserved binding and catalytic sites, and minor differences in the tautomerase binding site residues in other nematode SRS-2 homologues. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using helminth and mammalian SRS-2 sequences. Soluble C-terminal SRS-2 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli strain AY2.4 and purified. Recombinant HcSRS-2 assay shows that the recombinant enzyme was active and stable. The K_m and V_max for ATP were 3.9 ± 1.0 μM and 2.7 ± 0.1 μmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein, respectively. Antibodies in serum and saliva from field-immune, but not nematode-naïve, sheep recognised recombinant HcSRS-2 and TcSRS-2 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Recognition of the recombinant proteins by antibodies generated by exposure of sheep to the native enzyme indicates similar antigenicity of the two proteins.

这项研究的目的是纯化和鉴定具有抗寄生虫疫苗潜力的重组蛋白。克隆了血清酰-tRNA合成酶（sss-2）的全长cDNA，它们分别来自Haemonchus contortus（HcSRS-2）和Teladorsagia circumcincta（TcSRS-2）。TcSRS-2 和 HcSRS-2 cDNA（1458bp）编码 486 个氨基酸的蛋白质，每个蛋白质在 SDS-PAGE 上呈一条约 55 kDa 的条带。蛋白质序列的多重比对显示，TcSRS-2 与 HcSRS-2 的同源性为 94%，与八种线虫的 SRS-2 的同源性为 76-93%，与麝的 SRS-2 的同源性为 68%。预测的三维结构显示，TcSRS-2 和 HcSRS-2 在整体结构上具有同源性，其结合位点和催化位点高度保守，而其他线虫 SRS-2 同源物的同功酶结合位点残基则略有不同。利用线虫和哺乳动物的 SRS-2 序列构建了一棵系统发生树。在大肠杆菌 AY2.4 菌株中表达并纯化可溶性 C 端 SRS-2 蛋白。重组 HcSRS-2 分析表明，重组酶具有活性且稳定。对 ATP 的 Km 和 Vmax 分别为 3.9 ± 1.0 μM 和 2.7 ± 0.1 μmoles min-1 mg-1 蛋白质。在酶联免疫吸附试验中，野外免疫羊（而非线虫免疫羊）血清和唾液中的抗体可识别重组 HcSRS-2 和 TcSRS-2。绵羊接触原生酶后产生的抗体能识别重组蛋白，这表明这两种蛋白具有相似的抗原性。

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