Experimental parasitology最新文献_第5页

Developmental disruption and midgut histopathology induced by β-isocostic acid in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) β-异戊二酸对埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊发育和中肠组织病理学的影响（双翅目：库蚊科）

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109044

Alex Yagoo , M.C. John Milton , Jelin Vilvest , Mariya Vaishnika A

Background

Mosquito-borne diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus pose major public health challenges worldwide. The emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides, along with concerns about their ecological and health impacts, highlights the urgent need for novel, eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the larvicidal and growth-disrupting effects of β-isocostic acid, a sesquiterpene isolated from Sphaeranthus indicus, while considering its relevance for non-target safety and integrated vector control.

Methods

Larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to β-isocostic acid at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L. Developmental parameters—including larval, pupal, and adult durations were monitored. Growth index was calculated to assess developmental progression. Histopathological analysis of third-instar larvae was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining to examine midgut alterations. Emergence quality and behavioural abnormalities in adults were also recorded.

Results

β-Isocostic acid significantly delayed larval and pupal development in both mosquito species. At 0.5 mg/L, Ae. aegypti larvae developed in 8.4 ± 1.0 days versus 6.0 ± 0.0 days in controls, while Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae required 7.5 ± 1.0 days compared to 6.2 ± 0.2 days. Growth index values confirmed reduced developmental rates. Histopathological changes included epithelial vacuolization, disruption of microvilli, and peritrophic membrane rupture. Deformities such as crumpled wings and sluggish behaviour were observed in emerging adults, indicating compromised viability.

Conclusion

β-Isocostic acid exerts potent, multi-stage developmental disruption in mosquito vectors through growth retardation and midgut damage. These findings support its potential as a botanical larvicide; however, further studies are warranted to evaluate non-target toxicity and feasibility for use in sustainable mosquito control strategies.

背景由埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊传播的蚊媒疾病在世界范围内构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。合成杀虫剂抗药性的出现，以及对其生态和健康影响的担忧，突出表明迫切需要新的、生态友好的替代品。本研究研究了从球菊中分离的倍半萜β-异戊酸的杀幼虫和破坏生长的作用，同时考虑了其与非靶安全性和综合病媒介控制的相关性。方法：选取白纹伊蚊幼虫；埃及伊蚊和Cx。致倦库蚊分别暴露于浓度为0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/L的β-异戊酸环境中。发育参数——包括幼虫、蛹和成虫的持续时间进行了监测。计算生长指数来评估发育进程。采用苏木精-伊红染色法对三龄幼虫进行组织病理学分析，观察中肠变化。还记录了成人的出现质量和行为异常。结果β-异戊酸显著延缓了两种蚊的幼虫和蛹发育。在0.5 mg/L浓度下，Ae。埃及伊蚊幼虫发育时间为8.4±1.0 d，对照组为6.0±0.0 d；致倦库蚊幼虫需要7.5±1.0 d，而致倦库蚊幼虫需要6.2±0.2 d。生长指数值证实发育速率降低。组织病理学改变包括上皮空泡化、微绒毛破坏和营养周膜破裂。在新生成人中观察到的畸形，如皱巴巴的翅膀和迟钝的行为，表明生存能力受损。结论β-异戊二酸对蚊媒具有多阶段发育干扰作用，主要表现为发育迟缓和中肠损伤。这些发现支持其作为植物性杀幼虫剂的潜力；然而，需要进一步的研究来评估非靶毒性和可持续蚊虫控制策略的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro and in vivo activity of a lipid-based artemisinin formulation against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis 脂质青蒿素制剂抗亚马逊利什曼原虫的体内外活性研究。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109032

Laura Machín , Rachel Nápoles , Beatriz Tamargo , Arianna Yglesias-Rivera , Lars Gille , William N. Setzer , Lianet Monzote

Previous studies have demonstrated the antileishmanial potentialities of endoperoxide (EP) compounds, including artemisinin (ART). In the design of pharmaceutical formulations, the lipid-based delivery systems based on cochleates has attracted attention due to their stability, versatility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of ART with their nanocochleates formulations (ART-C) and reference drug Glucantime®. The antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities were evaluated on intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice, respectively. In vivo assessment was also performed on cutaneous leishmaniasis induced in BALB/c mice using a treatment protocol of 5 doses at 30 mg/kg every 4 days by intralesional route. The ART-C maintained its in vitro activity with an IC₅₀ of 16.3 ± 3.6 μM, which was similar to ART (14.9 ± 2.4 μM). In both cases, no cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophages was observed at maximum concentration tested (170 μM). In ART-C treated mice, the disease development was prevented (p < 0.05) with respect to animals treated with empty cochleates (EC), treated with ART, and untreated mice, under enhanced of IL-12 formation. Our results demonstrate the benefit of ART-C as a promising antileishmanial therapeutic formulation.

以前的研究已经证明了内过氧化物（EP）化合物，包括青蒿素（ART）具有抗利什曼病的潜力。在药物配方设计中，以耳蜗酸酯为基础的脂质给药系统因其稳定性、通用性、生物相容性和可生物降解性而备受关注。本研究的目的是比较ART及其纳米酸盐制剂（ART- c）和参比药物葡聚糖®的体外和体内抗利什曼原虫活性。分别对BALB/c小鼠细胞内亚马逊利什曼原虫（Leishmania）和腹腔巨噬细胞的抗利什曼原虫和细胞毒活性进行了评价。本研究还对BALB/c小鼠皮肤利什曼病进行了体内评估，采用5次剂量，每4天30 mg/kg，局部给药。ART- c的IC50为16.3±3.6 μM，与ART的IC50（14.9±2.4 μM）相近。两组小鼠在最大浓度（170 μM）下均未观察到对腹腔巨噬细胞的细胞毒性。在增强IL-12形成的情况下，ART- c治疗的小鼠，与空耳蜗（EC）治疗、ART治疗和未治疗的小鼠相比，疾病的发展被阻止（p < 0.05）。我们的结果证明ART-C作为一种有前途的抗利什曼病治疗制剂的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular diagnosis of tropical theileriosis: Development and validation of species-specific qPCR assays in Pakistan 热带血吸虫病的分子诊断：巴基斯坦物种特异性qPCR检测的发展和验证

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109033

Ayesha Malik , Kiran Afshan , Min-Kuang Lee , Abdul Razzaq , Munib Hussain , Sabika Firasat , Muhammad Morshed

Background

Theileria spp. are economically important tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasites that threaten livestock health and productivity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we developed and validated a qPCR-based diagnostic panel for the sensitive and specific detection of Theileria infections in ruminants from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The panel included a broad-range Pan-Theileria assay as well as four species-specific assays for Theileria annulata, T. parva, T. lestoquardi, and T. ovis, the main species infecting domestic ruminants in the region.

Methods

A total of 1026 tick-infested animals were examined, including sheep (n = 514), goats (n = 462), and cattle (n = 50). Blood was collected from symptomatic animals, and 51 microscopically confirmed Theileria-positive samples were selected for further analysis. DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method for clinical validation. Primers and hydrolysis probes were designed to target the hypervariable V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene, allowing high-resolution species identification.

Results

Analytical validation using synthetic gBlock™ gene fragments showed strong assay performance, with excellent linearity (R² = 0.982–0.9965), high PCR efficiency (86.2 %–105.2 %), and detection limits of 10–100 copies per reaction. Reproducibility was confirmed with coefficients of variation ≤5 %. The Pan-Theileria assay detected 47 positives. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed these results and additionally identified three cases of T. orientalis, two of which were also detected by qPCR. One sample tested positive for T. ovis. Overall, the assay achieved 100 % clinical sensitivity and specificity within this validation set, though larger multi-site field evaluations are needed to confirm these findings.

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive qPCR-based diagnostic platform for simultaneous detection and speciation of Theileria spp. in Pakistan. The tool provides a powerful approach for large-scale surveillance, timely diagnosis, and improved control of tropical theileriosis in endemic areas.

其背景是蜱传血原动物寄生虫，具有重要的经济意义，威胁着牲畜的健康和生产力，特别是在热带和亚热带地区。在这项研究中，我们开发并验证了一种基于qpcr的诊断试剂盒，用于敏感和特异性检测巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KP）反刍动物的希氏杆菌感染。该小组包括一项广泛的泛蛲虫检测，以及针对环状蛲虫、细小绦虫、lestoquardi绦虫和ovis绦虫的四项物种特异性检测，这些是感染该地区家养反刍动物的主要物种。方法共检测染蜱动物1026只，其中绵羊514只，山羊462只，牛50只。从有症状的动物身上采集了血液，并选择了51份经显微镜检查确认为大肠杆菌阳性的样本进行进一步分析。采用苯酚-氯仿法提取DNA进行临床验证。引物和水解探针针对18S rRNA基因的高可变V4区设计，从而实现高分辨率的物种鉴定。结果合成的gBlock™基因片段具有良好的线性关系（R2 = 0.982 ~ 0.9965）， PCR效率高（86.2% ~ 105.2%），每个反应的检出限为10 ~ 100拷贝。变异系数≤5%，证实重复性好。Pan-Theileria试验检测出47例阳性。18S rRNA基因测序证实了上述结果，并鉴定出3例东方弓形虫，其中2例也通过qPCR检测到。其中一份样本检测呈阳性。总体而言，该试验在该验证集中达到了100%的临床敏感性和特异性，尽管需要更大的多地点现场评估来证实这些发现。结论在巴基斯坦建立了首个基于qpcr的同时检测和分种的综合诊断平台。该工具为在流行地区进行大规模监测、及时诊断和改善对热带血吸虫病的控制提供了一种强有力的方法。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of acetic acid at 6 % (table vinegar) on inhibiting Fasciola hepatica metacercariae 6%醋酸（食醋）对肝片形吸虫囊蚴抑制作用的体外评价。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109031

Maria Victoria Solana , Pizzarello Gimena , Galante Martina , Solana Hugo

Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica, and poses significant public health and economic challenges, particularly in regions where livestock farming is predominant. This study evaluates the effect of table vinegar on F. hepatica metacercariae viability and infectivity through an innovative In vitro excystment assay, in order to test the effectiveness of common household sanitization practices. Metacercariae were exposed to different concentrations of vinegar solutions at varying durations, and viability and excystment capacity were subsequently assessed, simulating gastrointestinal conditions. Both vinegar concentration and exposure time significantly influenced excystment rates, with higher vinegar concentrations resulting in decreased metacercariae viability, however, conditions equivalent to commonly promoted household practices were found to be inefficient at eliminating infection risk. This is the first study to employ an in vitro excystment assay to evaluate the infectivity of F. hepatica metacercariae after exposure to vinegar. Our findings highlight that typical household practices, such as briefly soaking vegetables in diluted vinegar, are inadequate for effectively eliminating parasite viability and thus could favor infection, affecting public health.

片形吸虫病是一种由肝片形吸虫引起的人畜共患疾病，对公共卫生和经济构成重大挑战，特别是在畜牧业占主导地位的地区。本研究通过创新的体外排出试验，评估食醋对肝囊蚴活力和传染性的影响，以检验常见家庭卫生措施的有效性。将囊蚴在不同时间暴露于不同浓度的醋溶液中，随后模拟胃肠道状况评估其生存能力和排泄能力。醋浓度和暴露时间都显著影响排泄率，较高的醋浓度导致囊蚴活力降低，然而，通常提倡的家庭做法在消除感染风险方面效果不佳。这是第一个采用体外排出试验来评估接触醋后肝囊蚴感染的研究。我们的研究结果强调，典型的家庭做法，如在稀释的醋中短暂浸泡蔬菜，不足以有效消除寄生虫的生存能力，因此可能有利于感染，影响公众健康。

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引用次数: 0

Phytochemical characterization and insight into the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc. against the different life stages of the gastrointestinal nematode of sheep 短叶蒿（Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc）的植物化学特性及体外驱虫活性研究。针对绵羊胃肠道线虫的不同生命阶段。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109030

Shabbir Hussain , Aqleemul Islam , Zeenat Islam , Fayaz Ahmad , Kamal Jaiswal , Suman Mishra

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major constraint to the production of small ruminants worldwide, causing significant losses in growth, productivity, and overall health. Clinical infections may linked to anaemia, diarrhoea, anorexia, oedema, and even mortality, whereas subclinical infections result in hidden production losses. Synthetic drugs are the primary means of control; however, their indiscriminate use has led to the emergence of parasite strains resistant to multiple classes of anthelmintics, this has created strong need for sustainable alternatives. Ethnomedicinal plants have emerged as promising alternative, with Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc. is used as an anthelmintic remedy in small ruminants. The current study aimed to appraise the phytochemical characterization and in vitro anthelmintic activity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of A. brevifolia. CEE exhibited higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than CAE, with FTIR showing more distinct absorption peaks. HPLC-UV confirmed the presence of key phenolics (gallic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and kaempferol), while LC-MS identified 33 compounds. Anthelmintic activity, assessed through egg hatch test (EHT), larval motility test (LMT), and adult worm motility inhibition assay (AWMIA), revealed that CEE exhibited 87.5 % egg hatch inhibition at 50 mg/mL and complete (100 %) adult worm motility inhibition after 8h post exposure (PE) at 25 mg/mL, while CAE showed 82.7 % and 63.3 % inhibition, respectively. Both extract exhibit dose dependent larvicidal activity. The findings of the present study divulged the remarkable phytochemical characterization and anthelmintic properties of A. brevifolia, and it could be a promising anthelmintic agent in veterinary medicine.

胃肠道线虫（GINs）是全球小型反刍动物生产的主要制约因素，对生长、生产力和整体健康造成重大损失。临床感染可能与贫血、腹泻、厌食、水肿甚至死亡有关，而亚临床感染则导致隐性生产损失。合成药物是主要的管制手段；然而，它们的滥用导致寄生虫菌株对多种类型的驱虫药产生抗药性，这就产生了对可持续替代品的强烈需求。民族药用植物已成为有希望的替代选择，如短叶蒿。被用作小反刍动物的驱虫药。本研究旨在评价短叶蒿粗醇提物（CEE）和粗水提物（CAE）的植物化学特性和体外驱虫活性。CEE的酚类和类黄酮含量高于CAE， FTIR的吸收峰更明显。HPLC-UV确认了主要酚类物质（没食子酸、槲皮素、阿魏酸、香草酸和山奈酚）的存在，LC-MS鉴定了33个化合物。通过虫卵孵化试验（EHT）、幼虫运动试验（LMT）和成虫运动抑制试验（AWMIA）对虫卵活性进行评估，结果表明，在50 mg/ml浓度下，CEE对虫卵孵化的抑制率为87.5%，在25 mg/ml浓度下，暴露后8h （PE）对成虫运动的抑制率为100%，而CAE的抑制率分别为82.7%和63.3%。两种提取物均表现出剂量依赖性的杀幼虫活性。本研究结果揭示了短叶甲具有显著的植物化学特性和驱虫药特性，是一种很有发展前景的兽药驱虫剂。

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引用次数: 0

In-vitro anthelmintic activity and phytochemistry of Salvia sclarea extracts against Haemonchus contortus 鼠尾草提取物对弯血螨体外驱虫活性及植物化学研究。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109029

Zeenat Islam , Aqleemul Islam , Khurshid Ahmad Tariq , Jasmeena Syed , Shabbir Hussain , Fayaz Ahmad

Haemonchus contortus –the barber's pole worm poses a critical threat to ruminant health and productivity worldwide. This is due to its high host pathogenicity and poor susceptibility to chemical anthelmintics. To address this threat, sustainable and natural solutions are needed to control its infections. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Salvia sclarea extracts against H. contortus in comparison to reference drug – the Albendazole. The extracts were obtained in ethyl acetate, ethanol, and petroleum ether, analyzed phytochemically and subjected to in-vitro testing at different concentrations using the Adult Motility Inhibition Assay (AMIA) and Egg Hatch Inhibition Assay (EHIA). The most effective extract was ethyl acetate in terms of its 100 % worm mortality at all tested concentrations 6 h post treatment and 87.38 % inhibition of egg hatching at 2 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the greatest potency, with an LC₅₀ of 0.22 mg/mL, compared to ethanol (LC₅₀ = 0.55 mg/mL) and petroleum ether (LC₅₀ = 3.66 mg/mL), confirming its superior ovicidal efficacy against H. contortus. Terpenoids, coumarins, and phenolics were the main bioactive agents present in the extract. Using complementary GC-MS profiling, prominent anti-parasitic components including Sclareol and Geranylgeraniol were identified. These findings demonstrate potential of S. sclarea as a natural substitute for synthetic anthelmintics; however, in vivo studies are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of the bio-active constituents of S. sclarea against the target parasite in host animals.

弯曲Haemonchus -理发师的杆状蠕虫对全世界反刍动物的健康和生产力构成严重威胁。这是由于它的高宿主致病性和对化学驱虫药的敏感性差。为应对这一威胁，需要可持续和自然的解决方案来控制其感染。本研究比较了鼠尾草提取物与对照药物阿苯达唑的驱虫效果。在乙酸乙酯、乙醇和石油醚中提取提取物，进行植物化学分析，并在不同浓度下进行体外测试，使用成体运动抑制实验（AMIA）和卵孵化抑制实验（EHIA）。处理6 h后，乙酸乙酯在所有浓度下的虫死亡率均为100%，在2 mg/mL浓度下对虫卵孵化的抑制率为87.38%。与乙醇（LC50 = 0.55 mg/mL）和石油醚（LC50 = 3.66 mg/mL）相比，乙酸乙酯提取物的杀卵效果最好，LC50为0.22 mg/mL，表明乙酸乙酯提取物具有较好的杀卵效果。萜类、香豆素和酚类是其主要的生物活性成分。利用互补的气相色谱-质谱分析，鉴定出主要的抗寄生虫成分包括香叶醇和香叶醇。这些研究结果表明，葡萄球菌具有作为合成驱虫药天然替代品的潜力；然而，还需要在宿主动物体内验证其生物活性成分对目标寄生虫的有效性和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Current challenges and future prospects in patients with recurrent cystic echinococcosis; an updated mini review 复发性囊性包虫病患者目前面临的挑战和未来前景更新的迷你评论。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109028

Nayer Mehdizad Bakhtiar , Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei , Ehsan Ahmadpour , Mohammad Hasan Kohansal , Adel Spotin

Recurrent cystic echinococcosis (RCE) occurs by the spillage of live protoscoleces during unsuccessful surgery or spontaneous rupturing of fertile hydatid cyst. Currently, RCE presents a significant concern within surgical community. Managing RCE cases is challenging due to limitations in diagnostic follow-up, therapeutic pitfalls, emerging drug resistance, and innate immunological responses between host-parasite cross-talk. Recent advances suggest that parasite-derived microRNAs hold promise as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of RCE. Additionally, combining benzimidazoles (parasito-static) with praziquantel (parasiticidal) in nano-formulation derivatives has demonstrated potential pharmacokinetic synergism, highlighting the need for personalized treatment plans. Optimizing surgical methods and ensuring regular chemotherapy following both conservative and radical surgeries are crucial for minimizing RCE. Furthermore, identifying β-tubulin codons in albendazole-resistant hydatid cyst and the role of toll-like receptor polymorphisms are critical for developing targeted therapies. The insights presented here aim to support specialists in developing effective interventions and preventive measures to reduce and improve patient outcomes in.

复发性囊性包虫病（RCE）发生在手术失败或可育包虫囊自然破裂时的活原头节外溢。目前，RCE是外科医学界关注的一个重要问题。由于诊断随访、治疗陷阱、新出现的耐药性和宿主-寄生虫串扰之间的先天免疫反应的局限性，管理RCE病例具有挑战性。最近的进展表明，寄生虫衍生的microrna有望成为早期检测和监测RCE的生物标志物。此外，将苯并咪唑（防寄生虫）与吡喹酮（杀寄生虫）联合制成纳米制剂衍生物已显示出潜在的药代动力学协同作用，这突出了个性化治疗计划的必要性。优化手术方法并确保在保守和根治性手术后定期化疗是减少RCE的关键。此外，鉴定阿苯达唑耐药包虫病中β-微管蛋白密码子以及toll样受体多态性的作用对于开发靶向治疗至关重要。本文提出的见解旨在支持专家制定有效的干预措施和预防措施，以减少RCE并改善CE患者的预后。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the diagnostic utility of recombinant low molecular weight cystic fluid proteins, Ag2 and Ag2V1, for serosurveillance of porcine cysticercosis 探讨重组低分子囊液蛋白Ag2和Ag2V1在猪囊虫病血清监测中的诊断价值。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109027

Pinaki Prasad Sengupta, Siju Susan Jacob, Samer Shamshad, S. Sudhagar, A.G.S. Chandu, S.S. Patil, S Madhaba Maharana

Porcine cysticercosis caused by the metacestode stage of Taenia solium is an economically challenging disease having public health importance. Being one of the neglected tropical diseases, surveillance of porcine cysticercosis is essentially warranted in endemic countries to detect the transmission foci of infection to humans. Keeping this as background, in the present study, the genes encoding for two cystic fluid antigens (Ag2 and Ag2V1) of metacestode of T.solium were amplified, ligated into cloning vector, transformed into E.coli Top 10 cells and sequenced. After analysis and confirmation of nucleotide sequence of Ag2 and Ag2V1 genes, the purified and restriction enzyme digested PCR products were cloned. The confirmed positive clones were induced for expression of recombinant proteins and the proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The hyperimmune sera raised against native antigens of metacestode of T.solium were employed to characterize the purified recombinant proteins by Western blotting. After confirming the recombinant proteins, indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbent assays (iELISA) using recombinant Ag2 and Ag2V1 antigens were standardized. The iELISA employing recombinant Ag2 and Ag2V1 antigens revealed sensitivity of 98.1 % and 93.4 % and specificity of 91.2 % and 97.5 %, respectively. The weighted Cohen's kappa was calculated as 0.89 (95 % CI 0.804 to 0.975) for Ag2 and 0.857 (95 % CI 0.755 to 0.959) for Ag2V1. The assays developed in the present study can be employed for the surveillance of porcine cysticercosis to help in clean pork production. However, further studies involving larger sample sizes, particularly from scavenging pigs, are warranted to validate these findings.

猪带绦虫甲壳期引起的猪囊虫病是一种具有经济挑战性的疾病，具有公共卫生重要性。猪囊虫病是一种被忽视的热带病，在流行国家监测猪囊虫病是必要的，以发现人类感染的传播焦点。在此背景下，本研究扩增了猪梭菌囊液抗原Ag2和Ag2V1的编码基因，并将其连接到克隆载体上，转化到大肠杆菌Top 10细胞中进行测序。对Ag2和Ag2V1基因的核苷酸序列进行分析和确认后，对纯化后的限制性内切酶酶切PCR产物进行克隆。将确定的阳性克隆诱导表达重组蛋白，并用Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。采用免疫印迹法（Western blotting）对猪绦虫metacestode天然抗原培养的高免疫血清进行鉴定。确认重组蛋白后，采用重组Ag2和Ag2V1抗原进行间接酶联免疫吸附试验（iELISA）。采用重组Ag2和Ag2V1抗原的iELISA检测结果显示，灵敏度分别为98.1%和93.4%，特异性分别为91.2%和97.5%。Ag2的加权Cohen's kappa为0.89 (95% CI 0.804至0.975)，Ag2V1的加权Cohen's kappa为0.857 （95% CI 0.755至0.959）。本研究建立的检测方法可用于猪囊虫病的监测，为清洁猪肉生产提供帮助。然而，涉及更大样本量的进一步研究，特别是来自食腐猪的研究，有必要验证这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and testing of different infused attractive sugar baits (ASBs) in sodium alginate against laboratory strain Aedes aegypti 不同海藻酸钠诱导糖饵对埃及伊蚊的配制及试验研究。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109026

Ranjitha Sambanthan , Nur Faeza Abu Kassim , Sara A. Abuelmaali , Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil , Sumiyyah Sabar , Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi , Wan Rosli Wan Ishak , Cameron E. Webb

Sugar-feeding is essential to mosquitoes with both sexes that often interacting with flowering plants to acquire sugar. Alginate Sugar Baits are made up of sodium alginate (ALG) which is a safe, natural, and biodegradable polymer. The Alginate Sugar Baits are infused with sugar variants making them Attractive Sugar Baits (ASBs) as a means of providing long-term efficacy to enhance mosquito attraction. However, fundamental gaps in understanding the characteristics of ASBs and the attraction of mosquitoes towards it limits the efficacy of utilizing such bait technology. Testing of non-choice and choice assay of different group of ASBs towards Aedes aegypti to demonstrate the effectiveness of ASBs as a potential baiting tool was performed using 30 % v/v of mango, 25 % v/v of Chrysanthemum, 30 % v/v of mix and sucrose ASBs. These formulations assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy (UV–VIS–NIR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results indicated that the 30 % mango ASB achieved the highest mosquito attraction, with a mean attraction of (34.17 ± 7.94), optimal reflectance (8 %) and absorbance (3.1 units). These ASBs are recommended as highly promising candidates as an alternative for repellent insecticides, serving as baiting tools for mosquito attraction.

对于经常与开花植物相互作用以获取糖分的两性蚊子来说，食糖是必不可少的。海藻酸盐糖饵由海藻酸钠（ALG）组成，它是一种安全、天然、可生物降解的聚合物。海藻酸盐糖饵注入糖变体，使其成为有吸引力的糖饵（asb），作为一种长期有效的手段，以增强对蚊子的吸引力。然而，在了解asb的特性和蚊子对其的吸引力方面存在根本性的差距，限制了这种诱饵技术的使用效果。采用芒果30% v/v、菊花25% v/v、混合30% v/v、蔗糖30% v/v的抗菌素对埃及伊蚊进行非选择试验和选择试验，验证抗菌素作为潜在诱蚊工具的有效性。这些配方通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能量色散x射线（EDX）、紫外-可见-近红外光谱（UV-VIS-NIR）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和x射线衍射（XRD）分析进行评估。结果表明，30%芒果ASB诱蚊率最高，平均诱蚊率为（34.17±7.94），最佳反射率为8%，吸光度为3.1单位。这些asb被推荐为极有前途的驱避杀虫剂替代品，作为吸引蚊子的诱饵工具。

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引用次数: 0

β-sitosterol: A novel molluscicidal agent from Liagora farinosa against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with computational insights into its interaction with the retinoid X Receptor β-谷甾醇：一种新型杀螺剂，利用计算方法研究其与类视黄醇X受体的相互作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109023

Heba Abdel-Tawab , Shrouk E. Al-Sayed , Khaled N.M. Elsayed , Chuanyi Wang , Ebtesam Al-olayan , Enas I.A. Mohamed , Amina M. Ibrahim , Almahy M. El-Mallah

Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease that presents significant public health concerns, occurring in both acute and chronic forms. In Egypt, the freshwater snail Biomphalaria alexandrina is the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. This study evaluated the molluscicidal potential of β-sitosterol, isolated from the marine red alga Liagora farinosa, along with its methanolic extract, against B. alexandrina. Bioassay results demonstrated potent molluscicidal activity, with the methanolic extract exhibiting LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 187.5 mg/L and 231.8 mg/L, respectively, and β-sitosterol showing enhanced potency with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 36.1 mg/L and 41.7 mg/L after 48 h of exposure. Sublethal concentrations of β-sitosterol significantly reduced snail survival and reproductive rates. Biochemical analyses revealed a marked decrease in total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating oxidative stress. Histopathological examination of treated snails showed extensive damage in the digestive and hermaphrodite glands, including vacuolation, cellular rupture, and degeneration of reproductive cells. Ultrastructural alterations such as nuclear disintegration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, residual body accumulation, and microvilli loss were also observed. Computational studies suggested retinoid X receptor to be a plausible target for β-sitosterol in its molluscicidal activity. These findings highlight the potential of L. farinosa extracts and β-sitosterol as bioactive agents for Schistosoma mansoni intermediate host. However, further research is required to assess their impact on non-target aquatic organisms.

血吸虫病是一种引起重大公共卫生关切的热带寄生虫病，有急性和慢性两种形式。在埃及，淡水蜗牛Biomphalaria alexandrina是曼氏血吸虫的中间宿主。本研究评价了从海洋红藻Liagora farinosa中分离得到的β-谷甾醇及其甲醇提取物对绿僵菌的杀软体动物潜能。生物测定结果表明，乙醇提取物的LC50和LC90分别为187.5 mg/L和231.8 mg/L， β-谷甾醇的LC50和LC90分别为36.1 mg/L和41.7 mg/L，具有较强的杀螺活性。亚致死浓度的β-谷甾醇显著降低了蜗牛的存活率和繁殖率。生化分析显示，总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低，丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平升高，表明氧化应激。处理过的蜗牛的组织病理学检查显示消化腺和雌雄同体腺的广泛损伤，包括空泡化、细胞破裂和生殖细胞变性。超微结构的改变，如核解体、细胞质空泡化、残体堆积和微绒毛丢失也被观察到。计算研究表明，类维甲酸X受体可能是β-谷甾醇灭螺活性的一个合理靶点。这些研究结果表明，糠草提取物和β-谷甾醇具有作为曼氏血吸虫中间宿主生物活性物质的潜力。然而，需要进一步的研究来评估它们对非目标水生生物的影响。

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引用次数: 0