Experimental parasitology最新文献

Evaluation of the resistance of Anisakis spp. larvae to products regularly used in the industry and households.

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108932

Abdelkader Biary, Salma Berrouch, Brahim Mimouni, Jamal Eddine Hafid

The rise in popularity of raw or undercooked fish dishes like sushi, sashimi, and ceviche has led to an increase in human cases of anisakiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Anisakis larvae to substances like bleach, salt, brine, and marinades. Batches of 10 larvae were exposed to various concentrations of commercial bleach (pure, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%) and salt (dry, 360 g/L, 90 g/L, 45 g/L, 20 g/L). Larvae were also tested with two vinaigrettes (one with mustard and one without) and four marinades made with vinegar and salt. Sodium hypochlorite was highly effective, killing larvae within minutes, with pure bleach eliminating them in 40 seconds. Dry salt killed them in under 70 minutes, while different concentrations of brine inactivated them over a period ranging from 3 to 17 days. Dressings with mustard worked faster than those without, and vinegar with higher acetic acid content (8%) killed larvae in 6 hours, compared to 29 hours for 6% acetic acid. Salt and vinegar marinades were more effective together: a combination of 8% acetic acid and 6% salt killed larvae in 2.5 hours. Overall, sodium hypochlorite proved to be the most effective, while the combination of salt and vinegar also significantly reduced larval survival. These findings highlight the importance of using bleach for disinfecting surfaces and utensils after handling fish to prevent cross-contamination and ensure food safety.

{"title":"Evaluation of the resistance of Anisakis spp. larvae to products regularly used in the industry and households.","authors":"Abdelkader Biary, Salma Berrouch, Brahim Mimouni, Jamal Eddine Hafid","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise in popularity of raw or undercooked fish dishes like sushi, sashimi, and ceviche has led to an increase in human cases of anisakiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Anisakis larvae to substances like bleach, salt, brine, and marinades. Batches of 10 larvae were exposed to various concentrations of commercial bleach (pure, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%) and salt (dry, 360 g/L, 90 g/L, 45 g/L, 20 g/L). Larvae were also tested with two vinaigrettes (one with mustard and one without) and four marinades made with vinegar and salt. Sodium hypochlorite was highly effective, killing larvae within minutes, with pure bleach eliminating them in 40 seconds. Dry salt killed them in under 70 minutes, while different concentrations of brine inactivated them over a period ranging from 3 to 17 days. Dressings with mustard worked faster than those without, and vinegar with higher acetic acid content (8%) killed larvae in 6 hours, compared to 29 hours for 6% acetic acid. Salt and vinegar marinades were more effective together: a combination of 8% acetic acid and 6% salt killed larvae in 2.5 hours. Overall, sodium hypochlorite proved to be the most effective, while the combination of salt and vinegar also significantly reduced larval survival. These findings highlight the importance of using bleach for disinfecting surfaces and utensils after handling fish to prevent cross-contamination and ensure food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"108932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suppression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) activity produced positive impacts on disease severity, survival, and histopathological features of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108930

Mukhtar Gambo Lawal , Abdullahi Samaila , Rusliza Basir , Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz , Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei , Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah , Roslaini Abd Majid , Norshariza Nordin , Mohd Khairi Hussain , Elysha Nur Ismail

Malaria is a life-threatening disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Malaria treatment remains a challenge due to its intricate pathophysiology and high levels of parasite resistance to many currently available antimalarial agents. Thus, there is an urgent need for more therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. OGG1 activity has been implicated in many inflammatory disease conditions, making suppressing OGG1 activity a potential target for therapeutic purposes. The current study aimed to determine the effect of suppressing OGG1 activity on the severity, survival, and histopathological features of P. berghei-infected mice. In this study, the effects of modulating OGG1 activity on parasitaemia development, disease progression, survival rate, and histopathological outcomes in major organs of Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) infected mice were evaluated. A significant difference in the mean parasitaemia was observed between the Vehicle, TH5487-treated, and O8-treated mice (p < 0.001). Vehicle-treated mice exhibited markedly elevated mean percentage parasitaemia and succumbed to the infection earlier than TH5487 and O8-treated mice. The O8-treated mice showed the highest parasitaemia reduction of 39.60 ± 1.53 % compared to TH5487-treated mice. Histopathological examination revealed less severe pathological features associated with P. berghei infection in mice treated with OGG1 inhibitors than in vehicle-treated malaria mice. Significant differences were observed in the sequestration of PRBC, inflammation, hemozoin deposition, and architectural loss in mice treated with O8 and TH5487 compared to untreated malaria mice. The results of this study suggested that OGG1 suppression led to a decrease in parasitaemia and severity of the histopathological features in P. berghei-infected mice. The increased survival of treated malaria mice further supported this effect. These findings indicate that OGG1 suppression could be a potential therapeutic strategy during malaria.

{"title":"Suppression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) activity produced positive impacts on disease severity, survival, and histopathological features of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei","authors":"Mukhtar Gambo Lawal , Abdullahi Samaila , Rusliza Basir , Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz , Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei , Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah , Roslaini Abd Majid , Norshariza Nordin , Mohd Khairi Hussain , Elysha Nur Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria is a life-threatening disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Malaria treatment remains a challenge due to its intricate pathophysiology and high levels of parasite resistance to many currently available antimalarial agents. Thus, there is an urgent need for more therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. OGG1 activity has been implicated in many inflammatory disease conditions, making suppressing OGG1 activity a potential target for therapeutic purposes. The current study aimed to determine the effect of suppressing OGG1 activity on the severity, survival, and histopathological features of <em>P. berghei</em>-infected mice. In this study, the effects of modulating OGG1 activity on parasitaemia development, disease progression, survival rate, and histopathological outcomes in major organs of <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> (<em>P. berghei)</em> infected mice were evaluated. A significant difference in the mean parasitaemia was observed between the Vehicle, TH5487-treated, and O8-treated mice (p < 0.001). Vehicle-treated mice exhibited markedly elevated mean percentage parasitaemia and succumbed to the infection earlier than TH5487 and O8-treated mice. The O8-treated mice showed the highest parasitaemia reduction of 39.60 ± 1.53 % compared to TH5487-treated mice. Histopathological examination revealed less severe pathological features associated with <em>P. berghei</em> infection in mice treated with OGG1 inhibitors than in vehicle-treated malaria mice. Significant differences were observed in the sequestration of PRBC, inflammation, hemozoin deposition, and architectural loss in mice treated with O8 and TH5487 compared to untreated malaria mice. The results of this study suggested that OGG1 suppression led to a decrease in parasitaemia and severity of the histopathological features in <em>P. berghei</em>-infected mice. The increased survival of treated malaria mice further supported this effect. These findings indicate that OGG1 suppression could be a potential therapeutic strategy during malaria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108930"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Involvement of Toxoplasma gondii natural antisense transcripts in cellular stress responses 弓形虫天然反义转录本参与细胞应激反应。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108931

Yue Gou, Laura Agudelo Vallejo, Ana Podadera, Kenneth Ng, Sirinart Ananvoranich

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs), as a major subset of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are derived from every chromosome of Toxoplasma gondii, with the highest occurrence from ChrIa (18.4 NATs per Mbp) and the lowest from ChrIX (3.9 NATs per Mbp). GO analysis indicates that genes, which mRNA-NAT pairs are derived, are important for house-keeping and essential activities of T. gondii. Approximately half of protein encoding genes, whose loci also generate NATs, are involved in biological processes of metabolic processes and protein biochemistry and have canonical catalytic or binding activities. Using NAT of ubiquitin-like protease 1 (TgUlp1-NAT) as our study model, we showed that TgUlp1-NAT expression is part of cellular stress responses. Using a nanoluc reporter system, we confirmed that electroporation or membrane destabilization significantly induced TgUlp1-NAT expression. When the extracellular parasites were exposed to media containing high potassium, high sodium or altered osmotic pressure, TgUlp1-NAT expression was significantly down-regulated. In addition, two TgUlp1-NAT variants were detected in stressed T. gondii. One is an intron-retained variant, and the other is a spliced variant, referred to as TgUlp1-NATa and TgUlp1-NATb, respectively. The intronic sequence is 368 nts long, where regulatory small ncRNAs were derived. Taken together, we have confirmed that NAT expressions and functions are involved in cellular adaptation that allows T. gondii recover from stresses.

{"title":"Involvement of Toxoplasma gondii natural antisense transcripts in cellular stress responses","authors":"Yue Gou, Laura Agudelo Vallejo, Ana Podadera, Kenneth Ng, Sirinart Ananvoranich","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural antisense transcripts (NATs), as a major subset of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are derived from every chromosome of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, with the highest occurrence from ChrIa (18.4 NATs per Mbp) and the lowest from ChrIX (3.9 NATs per Mbp). GO analysis indicates that genes, which mRNA-NAT pairs are derived, are important for house-keeping and essential activities of <em>T. gondii</em>. Approximately half of protein encoding genes, whose loci also generate NATs, are involved in biological processes of metabolic processes and protein biochemistry and have canonical catalytic or binding activities. Using NAT of ubiquitin-like protease 1 (<em>TgUlp1</em>-NAT) as our study model, we showed that <em>TgUlp1</em>-NAT expression is part of cellular stress responses. Using a nanoluc reporter system, we confirmed that electroporation or membrane destabilization significantly induced <em>TgUlp1</em>-NAT expression. When the extracellular parasites were exposed to media containing high potassium, high sodium or altered osmotic pressure, <em>TgUlp1</em>-NAT expression was significantly down-regulated. In addition, two <em>TgUlp1</em>-NAT variants were detected in stressed <em>T. gondii</em>. One is an intron-retained variant, and the other is a spliced variant, referred to as <em>TgUlp1</em>-NATa and <em>TgUlp1</em>-NATb, respectively. The intronic sequence is 368 nts long, where regulatory small ncRNAs were derived. Taken together, we have confirmed that NAT expressions and functions are involved in cellular adaptation that allows <em>T. gondii</em> recover from stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a multiplex PCR assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene for simultaneous specific and sensitive detection of Babesia gibsoni and Babesia vogeli in dogs

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108922

Mitesh Mittal , Soumendu Chakravarti , Krishnendu Kundu , Prashant Tripathi , Pramod Batra

Canine babesiosis is a potential threat for the dog population worldwide. Rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of the etiological agent to the species is pivotal for initiating effective therapeutic and control measures. Co-infection with multiple species pathogens due to multiple vectors infesting dogs is not uncommon. A multiplex PCR (Bg-Bv mPCR) for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the two common Babesia species, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli has been developed targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene. These two species are the species responsible for causing canine babesiosis in Indian subcontinent and Southern Asia. This cox3 gene is present in high copy number and the sequences are species specific and hence targeted to develop the diagnostic multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR was able to detect up to 5 pg DNA of the Babesia species. No cross-amplifications were observed between the primers specific for either B. vogeli or B. gibsoni. The Bg-Bv mPCR resulted in significantly higher B. gibsoni positives (30/250) than existing 18S ribosomal RNA PCR (22/250). Similarly, the mPCR detected more B. vogeli (26/250) than the 18S rRNA PCR (18/250). The kappa statistics when applied to the results generated by each of the PCR tests also revealed a substantial to perfect agreement between the data. The multiplex PCR targeting cox3 gene is thus a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the B. gibsoni and B. vogeli.

{"title":"Development of a multiplex PCR assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene for simultaneous specific and sensitive detection of Babesia gibsoni and Babesia vogeli in dogs","authors":"Mitesh Mittal , Soumendu Chakravarti , Krishnendu Kundu , Prashant Tripathi , Pramod Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine babesiosis is a potential threat for the dog population worldwide. Rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of the etiological agent to the species is pivotal for initiating effective therapeutic and control measures. Co-infection with multiple species pathogens due to multiple vectors infesting dogs is not uncommon. A multiplex PCR (Bg-Bv mPCR) for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the two common <em>Babesia</em> species, <em>B. gibsoni</em> and <em>B</em>. <em>vogeli</em> has been developed targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene. These two species are the species responsible for causing canine babesiosis in Indian subcontinent and Southern Asia. This cox3 gene is present in high copy number and the sequences are species specific and hence targeted to develop the diagnostic multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR was able to detect up to 5 pg DNA of the <em>Babesia</em> species. No cross-amplifications were observed between the primers specific for either <em>B. vogeli</em> or <em>B. gibsoni</em>. The Bg-Bv mPCR resulted in significantly higher <em>B. gibsoni</em> positives (30/250) than existing 18S ribosomal RNA PCR (22/250). Similarly, the mPCR detected more <em>B. vogeli</em> (26/250) than the 18S rRNA PCR (18/250). The kappa statistics when applied to the results generated by each of the PCR tests also revealed a substantial to perfect agreement between the data. The multiplex PCR targeting <em>cox3</em> gene is thus a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the <em>B</em>. <em>gibsoni</em> and <em>B</em>. <em>vogeli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of combination chemotherapy with praziquantel and gentamicin or doxycycline on acute hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108928

Marisa de O. Lopes , Luis F.C. dos Reis , Matheus P. de Araújo , Aline P. Castro , Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira , Juliana B. Nunes , Raquel L.M. Souza , Luiz F.L. Coelho , Marcos J. Marques

Background and aims

Marked divergences in the immunological mechanisms that regulate the pathophysiology of acute and chronic schistosomiasis have a direct influence on pathological outcomes and antiparasitic chemotherapy responses at different stages of Schistosoma mansoni infection. In that way, this study evaluated the impact of combination antiparasitic chemotherapy, involving gentamicin (GEN) and doxycycline (DOX) in combination with praziquantel (PZQ) on the development of acute hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis in mice.

Methods

BALB/cmice were randomized into five experimental groups, and the formation of hepatic and intestinal granulomas was evaluated by histopathological and histomorphometric analyses, quantification of hepatic parasite load, and biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and albumin).

Main findings

PZQ + DOX combination potentiated hepatic granulomatous inflammation, diffuse fibrosis and ALT circulating levels, indicating greater morphofunctional liver damage. AST levels were increased in PZQ + GEN-treated animals. This response corroborated the histopathological findings, indicating an accelerated modulation towards the chronic phase as manifested by reduced granuloma size compared to infected untreated animals.

Conclusion

PZQ combination with DOX and GEN induced differential modulation of the granulomatous inflammation, with DOX aggravating this process and GEN exerting protective effects by accelerating schistosomiasis resolution in S. mansoni-infected mice.

{"title":"Impact of combination chemotherapy with praziquantel and gentamicin or doxycycline on acute hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice","authors":"Marisa de O. Lopes , Luis F.C. dos Reis , Matheus P. de Araújo , Aline P. Castro , Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira , Juliana B. Nunes , Raquel L.M. Souza , Luiz F.L. Coelho , Marcos J. Marques","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Marked divergences in the immunological mechanisms that regulate the pathophysiology of acute and chronic schistosomiasis have a direct influence on pathological outcomes and antiparasitic chemotherapy responses at different stages of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> infection. In that way, this study evaluated the impact of combination antiparasitic chemotherapy, involving gentamicin (GEN) and doxycycline (DOX) in combination with praziquantel (PZQ) on the development of acute hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>BALB/cmice were randomized into five experimental groups, and the formation of hepatic and intestinal granulomas was evaluated by histopathological and histomorphometric analyses, quantification of hepatic parasite load, and biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and albumin).</div></div><div><h3>Main findings</h3><div>PZQ + DOX combination potentiated hepatic granulomatous inflammation, diffuse fibrosis and ALT circulating levels, indicating greater morphofunctional liver damage. AST levels were increased in PZQ + GEN-treated animals. This response corroborated the histopathological findings, indicating an accelerated modulation towards the chronic phase as manifested by reduced granuloma size compared to infected untreated animals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PZQ combination with DOX and GEN induced differential modulation of the granulomatous inflammation, with DOX aggravating this process and GEN exerting protective effects by accelerating schistosomiasis resolution in <em>S. mansoni</em>-infected mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) as a paratenic host of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet,1866) Kamensky, 1905

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108925

Isabela Resende Ávila , Weder Gomes de Oliveira , Cíntia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira , Mônica Alves Neves Diniz Ferreira , Thales Augusto Barçante , Joziana Muniz de Paiva Barçante , Walter dos Santos Lima

Angiostrongylus vasorum parasitizes the pulmonary arteries and heart of dogs (definitive hosts - DHs). Various mollusk species act as intermediate hosts (IHs), becoming infected through ingestion and/or penetration of first-stage larvae (L1), which subsequently develop into second-stage larvae (L2) and then third-stage larvae (L3), the latter being infective to DHs. Additionally, paratenic hosts (PHs), such as frogs, chickens, and rats, can harbor L3. This study aimed to assess whether Biomphalaria glabrata could function as a PH for A. vasorum, identifying potential larval penetration routes, migratory routes, and histological alterations at different time points post-infection. L3 larvae were recovered from B. glabrata mollusks 30 days after exposure to 1000 L1 of A. vasorum, using the Baermann technique. The recovered L3 were used to infect B. glabrata, with the number of 100 L3+ (L3 obtained from mollusks previously infected with 100 L3). Viable and motile L3+ of A. vasorum were detected within mollusk tissues, demonstrating their permissiveness to L3+ infection. The other infected mollusks were fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis, revealing the presence of larvae, with a tendency in the cephalopodal region. Regarding the viability of L3+, two mixed-breed dogs were fed canine pâté containing L3+, and L1 larvae were detected in their feces. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the potential of B. glabrata to function as a PH in the A. vasorum cycle.

{"title":"Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) as a paratenic host of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet,1866) Kamensky, 1905","authors":"Isabela Resende Ávila , Weder Gomes de Oliveira , Cíntia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira , Mônica Alves Neves Diniz Ferreira , Thales Augusto Barçante , Joziana Muniz de Paiva Barçante , Walter dos Santos Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Angiostrongylus vasorum</em> parasitizes the pulmonary arteries and heart of dogs (definitive hosts - DHs). Various mollusk species act as intermediate hosts (IHs), becoming infected through ingestion and/or penetration of first-stage larvae (L1), which subsequently develop into second-stage larvae (L2) and then third-stage larvae (L3), the latter being infective to DHs. Additionally, paratenic hosts (PHs), such as frogs, chickens, and rats, can harbor L3. This study aimed to assess whether <em>Biomphalaria glabrata</em> could function as a PH for <em>A. vasorum</em>, identifying potential larval penetration routes, migratory routes, and histological alterations at different time points post-infection. L3 larvae were recovered from <em>B. glabrata</em> mollusks 30 days after exposure to 1000 L1 of <em>A. vasorum</em>, using the Baermann technique. The recovered L3 were used to infect <em>B. glabrata</em>, with the number of 100 L3+ (L3 obtained from mollusks previously infected with 100 L3). Viable and motile L3+ of <em>A. vasorum</em> were detected within mollusk tissues, demonstrating their permissiveness to L3+ infection. The other infected mollusks were fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis, revealing the presence of larvae, with a tendency in the cephalopodal region. Regarding the viability of L3+, two mixed-breed dogs were fed canine pâté containing L3+, and L1 larvae were detected in their feces. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the potential of <em>B. glabrata</em> to function as a PH in the <em>A. vasorum</em> cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A step forward to revolutionize the eimeriosis controlling strategies in cattle by using traditional medication

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108926

Muhammad Zahid Sarfaraz , Sidra Abbas , Muhammad Arfan Zaman , Asia Parveen , Safina Kousar , Muhammad Zulqarnain

More than 10 species of Eimeria is found in cattle but Eimeria zuernii is one of the most pathogenic protozoan parasites affecting the global livestock industry. At the herd level, E. zuernii can cause illness in 10–80% of animals and reduce gross margins by 8–9%, leading to estimated annual losses of $731 million. This review highlights the economic impact, prevalence, and current control methods for E. zuernii infections, as well as the challenges associated with treatment and the development of alternative control methods. In the past two decades, 22 studies have examined synthetic drugs for managing eimeriosis in cattle. Various anticoccidial drugs (AcDs; Amprolium, decoquinate, ionophores, monensin, lasalocid, toltrazuril etc) have been used, but the efficacy of these drugs is no more consistent. Because of this, E. zuernii develops resistance to some of these anticoccidials. This trend highlights the urgent need for alternative treatments. The medicinal plants being enriched with various phytochemicals like flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes etc have been reported as potential anticoccidial, anthelmintic and antimicrobial efficacy against the different parasites including Eimeria species in chicken, pig and rabbits. However, this review suggests the research community to treat the E. zuernii with a plant based medication (oils and extracts). This review critically emphasizes the need to acknowledge the significant role of medicinal plants in controlling eimeriosis and also the large-scale trials or standardization of plant-based therapies is required. By incorporating plant-based remedies into integrated treatment strategies alongside synthetic drugs and improved sanitation practices, we can effectively minimize financial losses and safeguard livestock health.

牛体内有 10 多种艾美耳菌，但祖牛艾美耳菌是影响全球畜牧业的致病性最强的原生动物寄生虫之一。在牛群中，祖牛艾美拉虫可导致 10% 到 80% 的动物患病，并使毛利率降低 8-9%，估计每年造成 7.31 亿美元的损失。本综述强调了猪圆环病毒感染的经济影响、流行情况和当前的控制方法，以及与治疗和开发替代控制方法相关的挑战。在过去 20 年中，有 22 项研究探讨了控制牛埃默里病的合成药物。各种抗球虫药物（AcDs；Amprolium、decoquinate、ionophores、monensin、lasalocid、toltrazuril 等）已被使用，但这些药物的疗效并不一致。因此，E. zuernii 对其中一些抗球虫药产生了抗药性。这一趋势凸显了对替代疗法的迫切需求。据报道，富含黄酮类、单宁酸、生物碱、萜类等各种植物化学物质的药用植物对鸡、猪和兔的不同寄生虫（包括艾美耳菌）具有潜在的抗球虫、驱虫和抗菌功效。不过，本综述建议研究界使用植物性药物（油和提取物）治疗艾美耳病。这篇综述批判性地强调了承认药用植物在控制埃默里病中的重要作用的必要性，以及对植物疗法进行大规模试验或标准化的必要性。通过将植物疗法纳入综合治疗策略，与合成药物和改进的卫生习惯一起使用，我们可以有效地减少经济损失，保障牲畜健康。

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引用次数: 0

Survival analysis of Rhipicephalus microplus larvae treated with coumarinic derivatives

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108927

Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez Molano , José Jobanni Martínez Zambrano , Nidya Alexandra Segura Guerrero , Sergio Ulloa Torres , Valentina Rodríguez Montaña , Melisa Daniela Munevar Romero , Néstor Julián Pulido Suarez

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus represents one of the greatest challenges for livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions. Its control has been based on the use of synthetic chemical acaricides, which has led to the development of resistance to active ingredients belonging to the pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. Therefore, the search for new compounds with acaricidal potential is a priority in the control of ticks in cattle. This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of coumarin derivatives (CD) on the survival of R. (B.) microplus larvae by larval bundle testing. The data obtained were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. A reduction in larval survival was observed with coumarins that had methyl substituents in the R4 or R7 positions, especially C12, while an opposite effect was detected with chloromethyl substituents in R4 or isobutyl in R3. These findings highlight the potential of coumarin derivatives in the development of new strategies for tick control and the management of resistance to conventional acaricides.

{"title":"Survival analysis of Rhipicephalus microplus larvae treated with coumarinic derivatives","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez Molano , José Jobanni Martínez Zambrano , Nidya Alexandra Segura Guerrero , Sergio Ulloa Torres , Valentina Rodríguez Montaña , Melisa Daniela Munevar Romero , Néstor Julián Pulido Suarez","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</em> represents one of the greatest challenges for livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions. Its control has been based on the use of synthetic chemical acaricides, which has led to the development of resistance to active ingredients belonging to the pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. Therefore, the search for new compounds with acaricidal potential is a priority in the control of ticks in cattle. This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of coumarin derivatives (CD) on the survival of <em>R. (B.) microplus</em> larvae by larval bundle testing. The data obtained were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. A reduction in larval survival was observed with coumarins that had methyl substituents in the R4 or R7 positions, especially C12, while an opposite effect was detected with chloromethyl substituents in R4 or isobutyl in R3. These findings highlight the potential of coumarin derivatives in the development of new strategies for tick control and the management of resistance to conventional acaricides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the AnTat A/B and LiTat A/B primers for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108929

Hamidou Ilboudo , Martial Kassi N'Djetchi , Windingoudi Justin Kaboré , Jacques Kaboré , Barkissa Mélika Traoré , Marc Christian Tahita , Bernardin Ahouty Ahouty , Stijn Deborggraeve , Roger Eloiflin , Adeline Ségard , Bruno Bucheton , Mathurin Koffi , Vincent Jamonneau

Elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) as a public health problem has been reached or is in sight in a number of endemic foci and the next step is now to reach the elimination of transmission. The ability to detect Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense) in both the last human cases and in a suspected animal reservoir becomes increasingly important to reach this goal. We have evaluated here the diagnostic performance of the AnTat A/B and LiTat A/B primers in comparison with the TBR, TgsGP and nested TgsGP PCRs that are currently used for the molecular diagnosis of gHAT. The evaluation was based on serial DNA dilutions from two T. b. gambiense strains for sensitivity, purified reference strains for specificity and field strains isolated from pigs in Côte d’Ivoire for field application. Results showed that the two PCRs (AnTat A/B and LiTat A/B) are not specific for T. b. gambiense, limiting their relevance for studies on suspected animal reservoirs. However, they could represent complementary tools to improve the molecular diagnosis of gHAT in the elimination process even if the detection limit was lowest than for the TgsGP PCR. The results also once more suggest that nested TgsGP PCR should be interpreted with caution as they may lead to an over-estimation of the T. b. gambiense prevalence particularly in animal studies.

{"title":"Evaluation of the AnTat A/B and LiTat A/B primers for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense","authors":"Hamidou Ilboudo , Martial Kassi N'Djetchi , Windingoudi Justin Kaboré , Jacques Kaboré , Barkissa Mélika Traoré , Marc Christian Tahita , Bernardin Ahouty Ahouty , Stijn Deborggraeve , Roger Eloiflin , Adeline Ségard , Bruno Bucheton , Mathurin Koffi , Vincent Jamonneau","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) as a public health problem has been reached or is in sight in a number of endemic foci and the next step is now to reach the elimination of transmission. The ability to detect <em>Trypanosoma</em> <em>brucei</em> <em>gambiense</em> (<em>T.</em> <em>b.</em> <em>gambiense</em>) in both the last human cases and in a suspected animal reservoir becomes increasingly important to reach this goal. We have evaluated here the diagnostic performance of the AnTat A/B and LiTat A/B primers in comparison with the TBR, TgsGP and nested TgsGP PCRs that are currently used for the molecular diagnosis of gHAT. The evaluation was based on serial DNA dilutions from two <em>T.</em> <em>b.</em> <em>gambiense</em> strains for sensitivity, purified reference strains for specificity and field strains isolated from pigs in Côte d’Ivoire for field application. Results showed that the two PCRs (AnTat A/B and LiTat A/B) are not specific for <em>T.</em> <em>b.</em> <em>gambiense</em>, limiting their relevance for studies on suspected animal reservoirs. However, they could represent complementary tools to improve the molecular diagnosis of gHAT in the elimination process even if the detection limit was lowest than for the TgsGP PCR. The results also once more suggest that nested TgsGP PCR should be interpreted with caution as they may lead to an over-estimation of the <em>T.</em> <em>b.</em> <em>gambiense</em> prevalence particularly in animal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural insights into Trichuris muris eggs through 3D modeling, Cryo-SEM, and TEM of samples prepared with HPF-FS

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108924

Brunna Vianna Braga , Ludmila Rocha Lima , Larissa Figueiredo Belem , Dayane Alvarinho de Oliveira , Kildare Rocha de Miranda , Eduardo José Lopes-Torres

Trichuriasis – a disease caused by Trichuris trichiura – affects underserved communities. Infection occurs by the ingestion of embryonated eggs, a resilient structure against environmental fluctuations – an essential feature for the survival and transmission of trichurids. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the trichurid eggs by providing a characterization of the ultrastructure of eggshell and first-stage (L1) larvae of T. muris, a key experimental model for trichuriasis. We employed the following microscopy techniques: light, fluorescence, confocal, Cryo-SEM, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analyzing unfixed, chemical and cryofixed samples. Light microscopy revealed the structure of the eggshell, consisting of three main layers: Pellicula ovi (PO), chitinous layer (CHI), and the electron-dense parietal coating (EdPC). Fluorescence microscopy showed the calcein's high affinity for the eggshell and polar plugs, while the DAPI distinctly stained the L1 larval cells. Using confocal microscopy and 3D modeling, we quantified an average of 151 larval cells. TEM of high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted samples revealed that the PO and the EdPC layers lacked sublayers, while the CHI layer was composed of 12–14 sublayers. The CHI also contained continuous distinct organization structure forming the polar plugs. The combination of different sample fixation methods and advanced imaging techniques was crucial for revealing structural details of both the eggshell and L1 larva, including the arrangement of cells, cuticle, and an anterior pointed structure. These findings provide deeper insights into the structural biology of T. muris and offer valuable information for advancing parasite control strategies in both human and veterinary context.

{"title":"Structural insights into Trichuris muris eggs through 3D modeling, Cryo-SEM, and TEM of samples prepared with HPF-FS","authors":"Brunna Vianna Braga , Ludmila Rocha Lima , Larissa Figueiredo Belem , Dayane Alvarinho de Oliveira , Kildare Rocha de Miranda , Eduardo José Lopes-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.108924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trichuriasis – a disease caused by <em>Trichuris trichiura</em> – affects underserved communities. Infection occurs by the ingestion of embryonated eggs, a resilient structure against environmental fluctuations – an essential feature for the survival and transmission of trichurids. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the trichurid eggs by providing a characterization of the ultrastructure of eggshell and first-stage (L1) larvae of <em>T</em>. <em>muris</em>, a key experimental model for trichuriasis. We employed the following microscopy techniques: light, fluorescence, confocal, Cryo-SEM, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analyzing unfixed, chemical and cryofixed samples. Light microscopy revealed the structure of the eggshell, consisting of three main layers: <em>Pellicula ovi</em> (PO), chitinous layer (CHI), and the electron-dense parietal coating (EdPC). Fluorescence microscopy showed the calcein's high affinity for the eggshell and polar plugs, while the DAPI distinctly stained the L1 larval cells. Using confocal microscopy and 3D modeling, we quantified an average of 151 larval cells. TEM of high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted samples revealed that the PO and the EdPC layers lacked sublayers, while the CHI layer was composed of 12–14 sublayers. The CHI also contained continuous distinct organization structure forming the polar plugs. The combination of different sample fixation methods and advanced imaging techniques was crucial for revealing structural details of both the eggshell and L1 larva, including the arrangement of cells, cuticle, and an anterior pointed structure. These findings provide deeper insights into the structural biology of <em>T. muris</em> and offer valuable information for advancing parasite control strategies in both human and veterinary context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0