Experimental parasitology最新文献_第6页

Phytochemical characterization and insight into the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc. against the different life stages of the gastrointestinal nematode of sheep 短叶蒿（Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc）的植物化学特性及体外驱虫活性研究。针对绵羊胃肠道线虫的不同生命阶段。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109030

Shabbir Hussain , Aqleemul Islam , Zeenat Islam , Fayaz Ahmad , Kamal Jaiswal , Suman Mishra

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major constraint to the production of small ruminants worldwide, causing significant losses in growth, productivity, and overall health. Clinical infections may linked to anaemia, diarrhoea, anorexia, oedema, and even mortality, whereas subclinical infections result in hidden production losses. Synthetic drugs are the primary means of control; however, their indiscriminate use has led to the emergence of parasite strains resistant to multiple classes of anthelmintics, this has created strong need for sustainable alternatives. Ethnomedicinal plants have emerged as promising alternative, with Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc. is used as an anthelmintic remedy in small ruminants. The current study aimed to appraise the phytochemical characterization and in vitro anthelmintic activity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of A. brevifolia. CEE exhibited higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than CAE, with FTIR showing more distinct absorption peaks. HPLC-UV confirmed the presence of key phenolics (gallic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and kaempferol), while LC-MS identified 33 compounds. Anthelmintic activity, assessed through egg hatch test (EHT), larval motility test (LMT), and adult worm motility inhibition assay (AWMIA), revealed that CEE exhibited 87.5 % egg hatch inhibition at 50 mg/mL and complete (100 %) adult worm motility inhibition after 8h post exposure (PE) at 25 mg/mL, while CAE showed 82.7 % and 63.3 % inhibition, respectively. Both extract exhibit dose dependent larvicidal activity. The findings of the present study divulged the remarkable phytochemical characterization and anthelmintic properties of A. brevifolia, and it could be a promising anthelmintic agent in veterinary medicine.

胃肠道线虫（GINs）是全球小型反刍动物生产的主要制约因素，对生长、生产力和整体健康造成重大损失。临床感染可能与贫血、腹泻、厌食、水肿甚至死亡有关，而亚临床感染则导致隐性生产损失。合成药物是主要的管制手段；然而，它们的滥用导致寄生虫菌株对多种类型的驱虫药产生抗药性，这就产生了对可持续替代品的强烈需求。民族药用植物已成为有希望的替代选择，如短叶蒿。被用作小反刍动物的驱虫药。本研究旨在评价短叶蒿粗醇提物（CEE）和粗水提物（CAE）的植物化学特性和体外驱虫活性。CEE的酚类和类黄酮含量高于CAE， FTIR的吸收峰更明显。HPLC-UV确认了主要酚类物质（没食子酸、槲皮素、阿魏酸、香草酸和山奈酚）的存在，LC-MS鉴定了33个化合物。通过虫卵孵化试验（EHT）、幼虫运动试验（LMT）和成虫运动抑制试验（AWMIA）对虫卵活性进行评估，结果表明，在50 mg/ml浓度下，CEE对虫卵孵化的抑制率为87.5%，在25 mg/ml浓度下，暴露后8h （PE）对成虫运动的抑制率为100%，而CAE的抑制率分别为82.7%和63.3%。两种提取物均表现出剂量依赖性的杀幼虫活性。本研究结果揭示了短叶甲具有显著的植物化学特性和驱虫药特性，是一种很有发展前景的兽药驱虫剂。

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引用次数: 0

In-vitro anthelmintic activity and phytochemistry of Salvia sclarea extracts against Haemonchus contortus 鼠尾草提取物对弯血螨体外驱虫活性及植物化学研究。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109029

Zeenat Islam , Aqleemul Islam , Khurshid Ahmad Tariq , Jasmeena Syed , Shabbir Hussain , Fayaz Ahmad

Haemonchus contortus –the barber's pole worm poses a critical threat to ruminant health and productivity worldwide. This is due to its high host pathogenicity and poor susceptibility to chemical anthelmintics. To address this threat, sustainable and natural solutions are needed to control its infections. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Salvia sclarea extracts against H. contortus in comparison to reference drug – the Albendazole. The extracts were obtained in ethyl acetate, ethanol, and petroleum ether, analyzed phytochemically and subjected to in-vitro testing at different concentrations using the Adult Motility Inhibition Assay (AMIA) and Egg Hatch Inhibition Assay (EHIA). The most effective extract was ethyl acetate in terms of its 100 % worm mortality at all tested concentrations 6 h post treatment and 87.38 % inhibition of egg hatching at 2 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the greatest potency, with an LC₅₀ of 0.22 mg/mL, compared to ethanol (LC₅₀ = 0.55 mg/mL) and petroleum ether (LC₅₀ = 3.66 mg/mL), confirming its superior ovicidal efficacy against H. contortus. Terpenoids, coumarins, and phenolics were the main bioactive agents present in the extract. Using complementary GC-MS profiling, prominent anti-parasitic components including Sclareol and Geranylgeraniol were identified. These findings demonstrate potential of S. sclarea as a natural substitute for synthetic anthelmintics; however, in vivo studies are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of the bio-active constituents of S. sclarea against the target parasite in host animals.

弯曲Haemonchus -理发师的杆状蠕虫对全世界反刍动物的健康和生产力构成严重威胁。这是由于它的高宿主致病性和对化学驱虫药的敏感性差。为应对这一威胁，需要可持续和自然的解决方案来控制其感染。本研究比较了鼠尾草提取物与对照药物阿苯达唑的驱虫效果。在乙酸乙酯、乙醇和石油醚中提取提取物，进行植物化学分析，并在不同浓度下进行体外测试，使用成体运动抑制实验（AMIA）和卵孵化抑制实验（EHIA）。处理6 h后，乙酸乙酯在所有浓度下的虫死亡率均为100%，在2 mg/mL浓度下对虫卵孵化的抑制率为87.38%。与乙醇（LC50 = 0.55 mg/mL）和石油醚（LC50 = 3.66 mg/mL）相比，乙酸乙酯提取物的杀卵效果最好，LC50为0.22 mg/mL，表明乙酸乙酯提取物具有较好的杀卵效果。萜类、香豆素和酚类是其主要的生物活性成分。利用互补的气相色谱-质谱分析，鉴定出主要的抗寄生虫成分包括香叶醇和香叶醇。这些研究结果表明，葡萄球菌具有作为合成驱虫药天然替代品的潜力；然而，还需要在宿主动物体内验证其生物活性成分对目标寄生虫的有效性和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Current challenges and future prospects in patients with recurrent cystic echinococcosis; an updated mini review 复发性囊性包虫病患者目前面临的挑战和未来前景更新的迷你评论。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109028

Nayer Mehdizad Bakhtiar , Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei , Ehsan Ahmadpour , Mohammad Hasan Kohansal , Adel Spotin

Recurrent cystic echinococcosis (RCE) occurs by the spillage of live protoscoleces during unsuccessful surgery or spontaneous rupturing of fertile hydatid cyst. Currently, RCE presents a significant concern within surgical community. Managing RCE cases is challenging due to limitations in diagnostic follow-up, therapeutic pitfalls, emerging drug resistance, and innate immunological responses between host-parasite cross-talk. Recent advances suggest that parasite-derived microRNAs hold promise as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of RCE. Additionally, combining benzimidazoles (parasito-static) with praziquantel (parasiticidal) in nano-formulation derivatives has demonstrated potential pharmacokinetic synergism, highlighting the need for personalized treatment plans. Optimizing surgical methods and ensuring regular chemotherapy following both conservative and radical surgeries are crucial for minimizing RCE. Furthermore, identifying β-tubulin codons in albendazole-resistant hydatid cyst and the role of toll-like receptor polymorphisms are critical for developing targeted therapies. The insights presented here aim to support specialists in developing effective interventions and preventive measures to reduce and improve patient outcomes in.

复发性囊性包虫病（RCE）发生在手术失败或可育包虫囊自然破裂时的活原头节外溢。目前，RCE是外科医学界关注的一个重要问题。由于诊断随访、治疗陷阱、新出现的耐药性和宿主-寄生虫串扰之间的先天免疫反应的局限性，管理RCE病例具有挑战性。最近的进展表明，寄生虫衍生的microrna有望成为早期检测和监测RCE的生物标志物。此外，将苯并咪唑（防寄生虫）与吡喹酮（杀寄生虫）联合制成纳米制剂衍生物已显示出潜在的药代动力学协同作用，这突出了个性化治疗计划的必要性。优化手术方法并确保在保守和根治性手术后定期化疗是减少RCE的关键。此外，鉴定阿苯达唑耐药包虫病中β-微管蛋白密码子以及toll样受体多态性的作用对于开发靶向治疗至关重要。本文提出的见解旨在支持专家制定有效的干预措施和预防措施，以减少RCE并改善CE患者的预后。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the diagnostic utility of recombinant low molecular weight cystic fluid proteins, Ag2 and Ag2V1, for serosurveillance of porcine cysticercosis 探讨重组低分子囊液蛋白Ag2和Ag2V1在猪囊虫病血清监测中的诊断价值。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109027

Pinaki Prasad Sengupta, Siju Susan Jacob, Samer Shamshad, S. Sudhagar, A.G.S. Chandu, S.S. Patil, S Madhaba Maharana

Porcine cysticercosis caused by the metacestode stage of Taenia solium is an economically challenging disease having public health importance. Being one of the neglected tropical diseases, surveillance of porcine cysticercosis is essentially warranted in endemic countries to detect the transmission foci of infection to humans. Keeping this as background, in the present study, the genes encoding for two cystic fluid antigens (Ag2 and Ag2V1) of metacestode of T.solium were amplified, ligated into cloning vector, transformed into E.coli Top 10 cells and sequenced. After analysis and confirmation of nucleotide sequence of Ag2 and Ag2V1 genes, the purified and restriction enzyme digested PCR products were cloned. The confirmed positive clones were induced for expression of recombinant proteins and the proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The hyperimmune sera raised against native antigens of metacestode of T.solium were employed to characterize the purified recombinant proteins by Western blotting. After confirming the recombinant proteins, indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbent assays (iELISA) using recombinant Ag2 and Ag2V1 antigens were standardized. The iELISA employing recombinant Ag2 and Ag2V1 antigens revealed sensitivity of 98.1 % and 93.4 % and specificity of 91.2 % and 97.5 %, respectively. The weighted Cohen's kappa was calculated as 0.89 (95 % CI 0.804 to 0.975) for Ag2 and 0.857 (95 % CI 0.755 to 0.959) for Ag2V1. The assays developed in the present study can be employed for the surveillance of porcine cysticercosis to help in clean pork production. However, further studies involving larger sample sizes, particularly from scavenging pigs, are warranted to validate these findings.

猪带绦虫甲壳期引起的猪囊虫病是一种具有经济挑战性的疾病，具有公共卫生重要性。猪囊虫病是一种被忽视的热带病，在流行国家监测猪囊虫病是必要的，以发现人类感染的传播焦点。在此背景下，本研究扩增了猪梭菌囊液抗原Ag2和Ag2V1的编码基因，并将其连接到克隆载体上，转化到大肠杆菌Top 10细胞中进行测序。对Ag2和Ag2V1基因的核苷酸序列进行分析和确认后，对纯化后的限制性内切酶酶切PCR产物进行克隆。将确定的阳性克隆诱导表达重组蛋白，并用Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。采用免疫印迹法（Western blotting）对猪绦虫metacestode天然抗原培养的高免疫血清进行鉴定。确认重组蛋白后，采用重组Ag2和Ag2V1抗原进行间接酶联免疫吸附试验（iELISA）。采用重组Ag2和Ag2V1抗原的iELISA检测结果显示，灵敏度分别为98.1%和93.4%，特异性分别为91.2%和97.5%。Ag2的加权Cohen's kappa为0.89 (95% CI 0.804至0.975)，Ag2V1的加权Cohen's kappa为0.857 （95% CI 0.755至0.959）。本研究建立的检测方法可用于猪囊虫病的监测，为清洁猪肉生产提供帮助。然而，涉及更大样本量的进一步研究，特别是来自食腐猪的研究，有必要验证这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and testing of different infused attractive sugar baits (ASBs) in sodium alginate against laboratory strain Aedes aegypti 不同海藻酸钠诱导糖饵对埃及伊蚊的配制及试验研究。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109026

Ranjitha Sambanthan , Nur Faeza Abu Kassim , Sara A. Abuelmaali , Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil , Sumiyyah Sabar , Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi , Wan Rosli Wan Ishak , Cameron E. Webb

Sugar-feeding is essential to mosquitoes with both sexes that often interacting with flowering plants to acquire sugar. Alginate Sugar Baits are made up of sodium alginate (ALG) which is a safe, natural, and biodegradable polymer. The Alginate Sugar Baits are infused with sugar variants making them Attractive Sugar Baits (ASBs) as a means of providing long-term efficacy to enhance mosquito attraction. However, fundamental gaps in understanding the characteristics of ASBs and the attraction of mosquitoes towards it limits the efficacy of utilizing such bait technology. Testing of non-choice and choice assay of different group of ASBs towards Aedes aegypti to demonstrate the effectiveness of ASBs as a potential baiting tool was performed using 30 % v/v of mango, 25 % v/v of Chrysanthemum, 30 % v/v of mix and sucrose ASBs. These formulations assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy (UV–VIS–NIR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results indicated that the 30 % mango ASB achieved the highest mosquito attraction, with a mean attraction of (34.17 ± 7.94), optimal reflectance (8 %) and absorbance (3.1 units). These ASBs are recommended as highly promising candidates as an alternative for repellent insecticides, serving as baiting tools for mosquito attraction.

对于经常与开花植物相互作用以获取糖分的两性蚊子来说，食糖是必不可少的。海藻酸盐糖饵由海藻酸钠（ALG）组成，它是一种安全、天然、可生物降解的聚合物。海藻酸盐糖饵注入糖变体，使其成为有吸引力的糖饵（asb），作为一种长期有效的手段，以增强对蚊子的吸引力。然而，在了解asb的特性和蚊子对其的吸引力方面存在根本性的差距，限制了这种诱饵技术的使用效果。采用芒果30% v/v、菊花25% v/v、混合30% v/v、蔗糖30% v/v的抗菌素对埃及伊蚊进行非选择试验和选择试验，验证抗菌素作为潜在诱蚊工具的有效性。这些配方通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能量色散x射线（EDX）、紫外-可见-近红外光谱（UV-VIS-NIR）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和x射线衍射（XRD）分析进行评估。结果表明，30%芒果ASB诱蚊率最高，平均诱蚊率为（34.17±7.94），最佳反射率为8%，吸光度为3.1单位。这些asb被推荐为极有前途的驱避杀虫剂替代品，作为吸引蚊子的诱饵工具。

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引用次数: 0

β-sitosterol: A novel molluscicidal agent from Liagora farinosa against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with computational insights into its interaction with the retinoid X Receptor β-谷甾醇：一种新型杀螺剂，利用计算方法研究其与类视黄醇X受体的相互作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109023

Heba Abdel-Tawab , Shrouk E. Al-Sayed , Khaled N.M. Elsayed , Chuanyi Wang , Ebtesam Al-olayan , Enas I.A. Mohamed , Amina M. Ibrahim , Almahy M. El-Mallah

Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease that presents significant public health concerns, occurring in both acute and chronic forms. In Egypt, the freshwater snail Biomphalaria alexandrina is the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. This study evaluated the molluscicidal potential of β-sitosterol, isolated from the marine red alga Liagora farinosa, along with its methanolic extract, against B. alexandrina. Bioassay results demonstrated potent molluscicidal activity, with the methanolic extract exhibiting LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 187.5 mg/L and 231.8 mg/L, respectively, and β-sitosterol showing enhanced potency with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 36.1 mg/L and 41.7 mg/L after 48 h of exposure. Sublethal concentrations of β-sitosterol significantly reduced snail survival and reproductive rates. Biochemical analyses revealed a marked decrease in total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating oxidative stress. Histopathological examination of treated snails showed extensive damage in the digestive and hermaphrodite glands, including vacuolation, cellular rupture, and degeneration of reproductive cells. Ultrastructural alterations such as nuclear disintegration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, residual body accumulation, and microvilli loss were also observed. Computational studies suggested retinoid X receptor to be a plausible target for β-sitosterol in its molluscicidal activity. These findings highlight the potential of L. farinosa extracts and β-sitosterol as bioactive agents for Schistosoma mansoni intermediate host. However, further research is required to assess their impact on non-target aquatic organisms.

血吸虫病是一种引起重大公共卫生关切的热带寄生虫病，有急性和慢性两种形式。在埃及，淡水蜗牛Biomphalaria alexandrina是曼氏血吸虫的中间宿主。本研究评价了从海洋红藻Liagora farinosa中分离得到的β-谷甾醇及其甲醇提取物对绿僵菌的杀软体动物潜能。生物测定结果表明，乙醇提取物的LC50和LC90分别为187.5 mg/L和231.8 mg/L， β-谷甾醇的LC50和LC90分别为36.1 mg/L和41.7 mg/L，具有较强的杀螺活性。亚致死浓度的β-谷甾醇显著降低了蜗牛的存活率和繁殖率。生化分析显示，总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低，丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平升高，表明氧化应激。处理过的蜗牛的组织病理学检查显示消化腺和雌雄同体腺的广泛损伤，包括空泡化、细胞破裂和生殖细胞变性。超微结构的改变，如核解体、细胞质空泡化、残体堆积和微绒毛丢失也被观察到。计算研究表明，类维甲酸X受体可能是β-谷甾醇灭螺活性的一个合理靶点。这些研究结果表明，糠草提取物和β-谷甾醇具有作为曼氏血吸虫中间宿主生物活性物质的潜力。然而，需要进一步的研究来评估它们对非目标水生生物的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Olive oil and linoleic acid as potential acaricidal agents against Psoroptes cuniculi mites 橄榄油和亚油酸作为潜在的杀螨剂。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109025

Montañez-Palma Lilia Francisca , Hallal-Calleros Claudia , Castañeda-Ramírez Gloria Sarahí , Hernández-Núñez Emanuel , Wong -Villarreal Arnoldo , Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana , Flores-Pérez Fernando Iván

Psoroptes cuniculi mite is an important ectoparasite in rabbit breeding. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a vegetable oil with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, and linoleic acid (LA) also has beneficial properties for health. The activity against P. cuniculi mites of EVOO was evaluated at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 100 %; LA was evaluated at 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mg/mL. The effectiveness was evaluated by the immersion technique using 11 mites and four replicates, and post-treatment mortality was analyzed after 24 and 48 h. Also, the composition of EVOO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; seven compounds were identified, with the major compounds being: 1) oleic acid (47.4 %), 2) glycidol oleate (34.2 %), 3) linoleic acid (7.0 %). Pure EVOO caused a mortality of 74.4 % after 24 h and 100 % after 48 h of treatment. LA caused 94.6 % and 98.4 % of mortality at 24 and 48 h, respectively, at a concentration of 400 mg/mL. Based on the results of the current investigation, EVOO and LA are proposed as potential effective treatments for the control of P. cuniculi mites.

兔恙螨是兔养殖中一种重要的体外寄生虫。特级初榨橄榄油（EVOO）是一种具有抗炎和再生特性的植物油，亚油酸（LA）也对健康有益。研究了EVOO在浓度为1、5、10、30、60和100%时对线虫螨的抑制作用；分别在50、100、150、200、300和400 mg/mL时测定LA。采用11只螨、4个重复的浸渍法评价效果，分析处理后24和48 h的死亡率，并采用气相色谱-质谱法测定EVOO的成分；共鉴定出7个化合物，主要化合物为油酸（47.4%）、油酸甘油醇（34.2%）、亚油酸（7.0%）。纯EVOO治疗24 h死亡率为74.4%，48 h死亡率为100%。浓度为400 mg/mL的LA在24 h和48 h的死亡率分别为94.6%和98.4%。根据目前的调查结果，EVOO和LA被认为是潜在的有效的防治虫螨的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treatment of murine model of trichinellosis 呋喃妥因对小鼠旋毛虫病模型的治疗作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109022

Basma M. Elmansory , Hager S. Zoghroban , Dina M. El-Guindy , Dina A. El-Guindy

Treatment of trichinellosis is still challenging. Lack of an established effective and safe treatment for trichinellosis, directed attention towards repurposing the already available drugs. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrofurantoin (NF) as compared to albendazole (ABZ) and their combination in treatment of trichinellosis in mice. Mice were divided into five groups; Group I: negative control; Group II: positive control; Groups III, IV and V: infected and treated with ABZ, NF, and combined ALB with NF respectively. They were subdivided into subgroups (a) started treatment on 3rd day postinfection (PI) and were sacrificed on 6th day PI, and subgroups (b) started treatment on 21st day PI and were sacrificed on 35th day PI. Parasitological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, immunological and biochemical studies were done. The results showed that NF was potential effective in treatment of trichinellosis and its combination with ABZ achieved the best results as compared to ABZ alone. This combination significantly reduced adults (66.5 %) and larvae (87.1 %) counts in the intestinal and muscular phases respectively. Also, it significantly decreased the inflammation and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels with mean of 11.6 ± 0.43 and 15.8 ± 0.74 in the early and late stages of trichinellosis respectively. Additionally, it had antiangiogenic effects evidenced by decreasing the microvessel density/HPF with a reduction rate of 91.65 %, antioxidant effects by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) with mean ± SD of 0.73 ± 0.09 and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) with mean ± SD of 156.6 ± 5.2 in addition to its apoptotic effects by decreasing B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) levels with mean ± SD of 0.81 ± 0.08 in the infected muscle cells. Thus, It was concluded that NF could be a promising anti-trichinellosis drug and its combination with ABZ could be an efficient treatment for early and late experimental trichinellosis.

旋毛虫病的治疗仍然具有挑战性。由于缺乏针对旋毛虫病的既定有效和安全的治疗方法，人们将注意力转向重新利用现有药物。因此，本研究的目的是评价呋喃妥英（NF）与阿苯达唑（ABZ）及其联合治疗小鼠旋毛虫病的有效性。将小鼠分为五组；第一组：阴性对照；第二组：阳性对照；III、IV、V组：分别用ABZ、NF和ALB联合NF感染和治疗。再分为感染后第3天开始治疗，第6天处死的亚组(a)和感染后第21天开始治疗，第35天处死的亚组(b)。进行了寄生虫学、组织病理学、免疫组织化学、免疫学和生化研究。结果表明，NF对旋毛虫病具有潜在的治疗效果，与ABZ合用效果优于单用ABZ。该组合可显著降低肠道期成虫数量（66.5%）和肌肉期幼虫数量（87.1%）。血清干扰素γ (IFN-γ)水平在旋毛虫病早期和晚期的平均值分别为11.6±0.43和15.8±0.74。此外，它还具有抗血管生成作用，降低微血管密度/HPF，降低率为91.65%；抗氧化作用，降低丙二醛（MDA），平均±SD为0.73±0.09；提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），平均±SD为156.6±5.2；凋亡作用，降低b细胞淋巴瘤（BCL-2）水平，平均±SD为0.81±0.08。因此，NF可能是一种有前景的抗旋毛虫病药物，与ABZ联合治疗早期和晚期实验性旋毛虫病可能是一种有效的治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Niosomes as a vehicle for excretory/secretory antigens enhance immunization efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii vaccine 作为排泄/分泌抗原载体的Niosomes增强了弓形虫疫苗的免疫效果。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109024

Salwa S. Younis , Ghada A. Gamea , Gamal M. El Maghraby , Mona F. Arafa , Rana A. Khalifa , Sara M. Shoeib , Rehab M. El-Gohary , Basma M. Elmansory

Till now, there is no well-established vaccine for toxoplasmosis in humans. This study evaluated the efficacy of niosomes to enhance the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii excretory/secretory antigens (ESAs) vaccine in mice. The mice were divided into the following groups: group I (naïve), group II (naïve challenged), group III (alum), group IV (niosomes), group V (ESAs), group VI (ESAs and alum) and group VII (ESAs-loaded niosomes). All immunized mice received three doses of vaccine intraperitoneally two weeks apart. Two weeks later, mice were challenged with intraperitoneal injection of 10³ viable tachyzoites of virulent RH strain. Parasitological, histopathological, and immunological studies were done. ESAs-loaded niosomes offered the best protection as they significantly decreased the mean parasitic count in liver and spleen with reduction rates of 85 and 90 %, respectively. Also, it reduced efficiently the inflammation and parenchymal injury in liver with intense iNOS immunostaining expression. In addition, it was effective in stimulation of humoral and cellular immune responses evidenced by the high significant anti-Toxoplasma IgG, increasing of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ percentages by flowcytometry and serum IFN-γ levels. Therefore, niosomes were proved to be promising vaccine candidates due to enhancing the antigenicity of ESA and their long acting antiparasitic effect.

到目前为止，还没有针对人类弓形虫病的成熟疫苗。本研究评价了乳质体对刚地弓形虫排泄/分泌抗原（ESAs）疫苗免疫原性的增强作用。将小鼠分为1组（naïve）、2组（naïve攻毒）、3组（明矾）、4组（niosome）、5组（ESAs）、6组（ESAs +明矾）和7组（ESAs加载niosome）。所有免疫小鼠间隔两周腹腔注射三剂疫苗。2周后，小鼠腹腔注射103个有活力的RH毒株速殖子。进行了寄生虫学、组织病理学和免疫学研究。负载esas的niosome提供了最好的保护，因为它们显著降低了肝脏和脾脏的平均寄生虫计数，分别减少了85%和90%。并能有效减轻肝脏炎症和实质损伤，iNOS免疫染色表达强烈。此外，它还能有效刺激体液和细胞免疫反应，其抗弓形虫IgG显著升高，流式细胞术检测CD4+和CD8+百分比升高，血清IFN-γ水平升高。因此，乳小体可以增强ESA的抗原性，并具有长效抗寄生虫作用，因此被证明是有希望的疫苗候选物。

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引用次数: 0

Sublethal exposure of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam alters the biological parameters and genes expression in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) 亚致死暴露于苯甲酸埃维菌素和噻虫嗪可改变埃及伊蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）的生物学参数和基因表达。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109021

Khalid Mehmood , Muhammad Nadir Naqqash , Nimra Batool , Bander Albogami , Hadeer Darwish , Ahmed Noureldeen , Fatemah E. Alajmi

Excessive use of agrochemicals results in contamination of water due to runoff or leaching. Insecticide induced-hormesis, a phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulation following exposure to insecticide, is crucial to insect pest resurgence. In this study, the effects of low or sublethal concentrations of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam on biological traits and genes expression were investigated for yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti following 48 h exposures. Bioassay was conducted to compute LC₁₀ and LC₂₀ values for both test insecticides. The low lethal (LC₁₀) and sublethal (LC₂₀) concentrations of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam significantly reduced longevity and fecundity of the exposed mosquitoes. However, population parameters showed a negative change in the F₁ progeny of emamectin exposed A. aegypti mosquitoes. While, stimulatory effects on pre-adult stage, longevity, and fertility were observed in the progeny generation (F₁) of A. aegypti, when parental generation (F₀) were exposed to LC₁₀ and LC₂₀ of thiamethoxam. However, at F₂ generation the population parameters in all the treatments were statistically similar to the control except in the LC₂₀ treatment of emamectin benzoate. The LC₁₀ and LC₂₀ of thiamethoxam significantly increased the expression level of vitellogenin in progeny generation, while inhibitory effects were observed for both treatments of emamectin benzoate. Additionally, the expression levels of P450 genes including CYP6P15, CYP6BB2, and CYP9J26 were up-regulated in the exposed insects. Taken together, our results show the hormetic effects in thiamethoxam on F₁ and F₂ individuals, which might be due to the intermittent changes in expression of genes involved in fertility, growth and insecticide detoxification in A. aegypti.

过度使用农用化学品会导致水因径流或浸出而受到污染。杀虫剂致激效是一种暴露于杀虫剂后的低剂量刺激现象，是害虫复生的关键。本研究研究了低浓度或亚致死浓度的甲维菌素苯甲酸酯和噻虫嗪对埃及伊蚊生物学性状和基因表达的影响。采用生物测定法计算两种试验杀虫剂的LC10和LC20值。低致死浓度（LC10）和亚致死浓度（LC20）显著降低了暴露蚊虫的寿命和繁殖力。然而，种群参数显示，接触埃维菌素的埃及伊蚊F1后代呈负变化。而当亲代（F0）暴露于噻虫嗪LC10和LC20时，对埃及伊蚊后代（F1）的成虫前期期、寿命和育性均有刺激作用。然而，在F2代时，除苯甲酸埃维菌素LC20处理外，所有处理的种群参数与对照组具有统计学上的相似。噻虫嗪LC10和LC20显著提高了子代卵黄蛋白原的表达水平，而两种处理对苯甲酸埃马菌素均有抑制作用。此外，P450基因CYP6P15、CYP6BB2和CYP9J26的表达水平在暴露昆虫中上调。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明噻虫嗪对F1和F2个体的激效作用可能是由于埃及伊蚊生育、生长和杀虫剂解毒相关基因表达的间歇性变化。

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引用次数: 0