Eurosurveillance最新文献

Currently, there is concern and uncertainty in the European and North American markets for in vitro diagnostics regarding the regulation of in vitro diagnostic tests. In the European Union, starting from May 2022, the regulation on vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR) has replaced the directive on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDD). The IVDR, while written with the good intentions to ensure patient safety and health while supporting innovation and transparency, has resulted in uncertainty, instances of disruption of diagnostic development, and concerns related to pandemic preparedness and response. We here outline the history, current situation and concerns regarding pandemic preparedness in Europe. Finally, we make recommendations that could improve the IVDR while supporting pandemic preparedness.

In 2025, an unprecedented number of autochthonous chikungunya transmission events occurred in mainland France. One of the largest outbreaks took place in Bergerac (south-west France). By 27 October, 100 locally acquired cases were identified. They had symptom onsets between June and October. Our data suggest that door-knocking surveys and vector control measures assisted in slowing the virus spread. Autochthonous outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases are expected to become more frequent with climate change, so improving outbreak control is crucial.

Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte increasingly detected in the United Kingdom, often with antifungal resistance. We identified 363 cases between January 2017 and August 2025, with 310 cases (85%) since January 2023. Cases were mostly concentrated in major urban centres and most affected individuals were working-age adults, frequently reporting South Asian ethnicity. The importance of international importation vs domestic transmission remains unclear. Implementing enhanced surveillance would help to identify risk factors and transmission routes to focus prevention efforts.

BACKGROUNDSyphilis is increasing among females and heterosexual males (heterosexuals) in Europe and other Western countries. In the Netherlands, there has been an increase in syphilis positivity and diagnoses over the last 10 years. Research on syphilis among heterosexuals and on spatiotemporal syphilis trends in the Netherlands is limited.AIMWe aimed to assess spatiotemporal trends and identify determinants of syphilis among heterosexuals in the Netherlands.METHODSThis study used national surveillance data of all sexual health centres (SHCs) and included consultations among heterosexuals tested for syphilis between 2011 and 2023. Syphilis was defined as an infectious syphilis diagnosis (primary, secondary or early latent). Spatiotemporal trends were assessed using SaTScan, adjusting for demographic and behavioural factors. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to identify demographic and behavioural determinants of syphilis.RESULTSWe analysed 694,698 STI consultations among heterosexuals and identified 686 syphilis diagnoses. We found an increase in syphilis positivity from 0.05% in 2011 to 0.23% in 2023. SaTScan identified two space-time clusters; one in the north (2020-23) and one in the south-west (2019-23) of the Netherlands. Living with HIV (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 17.48; 95% CI: 11.75-25.08) and having symptoms (aOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.34-3.20) were most strongly associated with syphilis.CONCLUSIONWe found an increasing trend of syphilis among heterosexuals diagnosed at SHCs in the Netherlands. Syphilis was found in all regions. Since living with HIV was the strongest risk factor for syphilis, increased testing among heterosexuals living with HIV, both at SHCs and HIV treatment clinics, is recommended.

Between July and October 2025, among the total 117 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains characterised in Catalonia, 20% to 100% per week were carrying the NA:S247N substitution. The mutation, conferring reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir, was phenotypically confirmed (IC₅₀ between 0.82 and 1.63 nM, compared to median IC₅₀ of 0.3 nM for susceptible strains). An increased proportion of S247N variants was also observed in sequence data (10,944 sequences) from other parts of Spain and five of 35 submitting countries across Europe.

BACKGROUNDPertussis remains a serious threat to young infants. In Norway, infants receive an acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) according to a 2 + 1 schedule at 3, 5 and 12 months of age, delivered as a hexavalent vaccine.AIMWe aimed to study susceptibility to pertussis in mothers and infants to guide decisions regarding vaccination in pregnancy.METHODSIn this prospective observational study, we included 366 mother/infant pairs during 2020-2023, collecting blood samples from mothers in late pregnancy, cord blood at delivery and from infants before their first and after their third vaccine dose. We retrieved health registry data on vaccination and pregnancy-related information. IgG antibody levels against pertussis-antigens, diphtheria and tetanus were measured using a multiplex immunoassay.RESULTSOf the pregnant women, 48% (174/366) had low levels of antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) defined as below 5 IU/mL. Maternal antibodies declined in infants from birth until first vaccination, leaving 72% (154/215) of infants with anti-PT IgG levels below 5 IU/mL. All infants responded well to vaccination and we found no evidence of blunting from high levels (> 40 IU/mL) of maternal antibodies against PT. Infants of mothers who received an aP-containing booster vaccine within 2 years before pregnancy displayed low anti-PT IgG levels, with 58% (15/26) having levels below 5 IU/mL.CONCLUSIONA high proportion of pregnant women and their infants under 3 months of age had low anti-PT antibody levels, indicating high susceptibility to pertussis. The results support the introduction of vaccination against pertussis during pregnancy in Norway.

Ralstonia mannitolilytica is a rare emerging, multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen known to cause nosocomial outbreaks associated with hospital water sources and medical devices. In June 2024, the microbiology laboratory of Lausanne University Hospital alerted the Infection Prevention and Control Unit following the detection of R. mannitolilytica in clinical samples from two intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This triggered a comprehensive epidemiological investigation, including extensive environmental sampling and whole genome sequencing of the isolates. Between May and June 2024, R. mannitolilytica was detected in three ICU patients. Activation of the Swissnoso network led to the identification of an additional case in a rehabilitation centre. Environmental investigations traced the source to commercial cosmetic water mist sprays used for patient care. The sequences confirmed a genetic match between patient and spray isolates, prompting the immediate withdrawal of this product. This nosocomial outbreak of R. mannitolilytica revealed an unexpected and seemingly innocuous source of contamination - water mist sprays - highlighting the importance of considering cosmetics products used in patient care and questioning their use in patients with risk factors, such as those in ICU or with immunosuppression.

In August-October 2025, an mpox outbreak with monkeypox virus clade Ib was identified in Ireland, involving four epidemiologically linked cases. The cluster originated from a traveller returning from Pakistan via the United Arab Emirates and includes a nosocomial infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic clustering with an Omani sequence, suggesting Eastern Mediterranean Region transmission routes. This outbreak underscores the importance of clinical vigilance, rapid molecular diagnostics and coordinated public health responses to prevent onward clade Ib transmission in non-endemic countries.

In June 2025, two autochthonous Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever cases were recorded in Greece; a fatal index case and a healthcare worker secondarily infected. With only one autochthonous case previously reported in Greece, in 2008, this event was unexpected and triggered a One Health response: cases investigation, contact tracing, infection prevention and control guidance, field investigation, preventive measures targeting vectors and possible animal hosts, as well as awareness-raising measures. Although Greece is non-endemic for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, some neighbouring countries are endemic, and this event underscores the need for enhanced surveillance, vigilance and multisectoral collaboration.