Eurosurveillance最新文献

BACKGROUNDMicrobiological surveillance during pregnancy is important for better neonatal outcomes.AIMWe aimed to assess IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus B19, Treponema pallidum, rubella virus and cytomegalovirus in women of fertile age (16-45 years) in Italy and investigate factors associated with the presence of antibodies.METHODSWe collected data from clinical microbiology laboratories on test results for IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii, parvovirus B19, T. pallidum, rubella virus and cytomegalovirus between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2020. Serological tests, like IgG avidity for T. gondii and cytomegalovirus, non-treponemal tests for T. pallidum and molecular tests for parvovirus B19 and rubella virus were considered as confirmatory tests for acute infections. We investigated associations between presence of antibodies with age, nationality and geographic area of residence.RESULTSThirty-two laboratories submitted test results on 342,095 women. The overall weighted proportion of IgG antibodies was 13,700 of 111,580 (13%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 12-14) for women tested for T. gondii, 3,298 of 5,138 (65%; 95% CI: 60-69) for parvovirus B19, 63,828 of 69,865 (87%; 95% CI: 85-88) for rubella virus and 45,558 of 71,013 (66%; 95% CI: 64-68) for cytomegalovirus. For T. pallidum, 889 of 81,401 (1%; 95% CI: 1-1) of treponemal tests were positive. Overall, we estimated 530 acute infections with T. gondii, 33 with parvovirus and 449 with cytomegalovirus.CONCLUSIONThese findings underline the need for screening for congenital infections in fertile women.

BACKGROUNDCarbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) cause infections, particularly nosocomially, with limited treatment options. NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae cases have substantially increased since 2022, associated with the Ukraine war.AIMWe aimed to investigate transmission patterns using Germany's Integrated Genomic Surveillance (IGS), combining notifications and sequence data.METHODSWe selected NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae cases, confirmed by isolates between 1 January 2022 and 28 February 2023. Isolates were Illumina whole genome-sequenced and linked to notifications. Clusters were defined as ≤ 12 allelic differences in core genome-wide single nucleotide variant-based genotyping. Cluster categories were: 'no exposure abroad', 'exposure in Ukraine' or 'other exposure abroad' if ≥ one case stayed in Ukraine or elsewhere. Follow-up of 13 clusters examined further exposure information.RESULTSAmong 424 cases of most frequent sequence types, 326 (77%) belonged to 61 clusters. Seventeen (28%) clusters were associated with no exposure abroad, 33 (54%) with exposure in Ukraine, seven (11%) with other exposure abroad, and four (7%) had insufficient data. Cases in clusters with exposure in Ukraine were more dispersed, younger, and more often wound-infected than in other exposure location categories (p < 0.01). Cluster follow-up revealed one cluster with all cases from Ukraine or Russia, another with nosocomial transmission following case importation, and a third with all cases from one German hospital without exposure abroad.CONCLUSIONMost cases were in clusters, suggesting preventable chains of transmission. Three patterns emerged: transmission abroad, transmission in German hospitals from imported cases or local outbreaks. IGS can identify where transmission could be interrupted. International cooperation needs strengthening to prevent CPE spread.

In 2024, based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoint, we observed a tetracycline resistance prevalence of 62.3% (2,231/3,579) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from 22 European countries (range: 16.5-100%). Multivariable analysis of correlations between resistance and patients' epidemiological characteristics found tetracycline resistance associated with men who have sex with men (aOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06-1.79). Our results are important when considering measures against transmission of sexually transmitted bacterial infections in Europe, such as in the context of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP).

Currently, there is concern and uncertainty in the European and North American markets for in vitro diagnostics regarding the regulation of in vitro diagnostic tests. In the European Union, starting from May 2022, the regulation on vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR) has replaced the directive on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDD). The IVDR, while written with the good intentions to ensure patient safety and health while supporting innovation and transparency, has resulted in uncertainty, instances of disruption of diagnostic development, and concerns related to pandemic preparedness and response. We here outline the history, current situation and concerns regarding pandemic preparedness in Europe. Finally, we make recommendations that could improve the IVDR while supporting pandemic preparedness.

In 2025, an unprecedented number of autochthonous chikungunya transmission events occurred in mainland France. One of the largest outbreaks took place in Bergerac (south-west France). By 27 October, 100 locally acquired cases were identified. They had symptom onsets between June and October. Our data suggest that door-knocking surveys and vector control measures assisted in slowing the virus spread. Autochthonous outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases are expected to become more frequent with climate change, so improving outbreak control is crucial.

Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte increasingly detected in the United Kingdom, often with antifungal resistance. We identified 363 cases between January 2017 and August 2025, with 310 cases (85%) since January 2023. Cases were mostly concentrated in major urban centres and most affected individuals were working-age adults, frequently reporting South Asian ethnicity. The importance of international importation vs domestic transmission remains unclear. Implementing enhanced surveillance would help to identify risk factors and transmission routes to focus prevention efforts.

BACKGROUNDSyphilis is increasing among females and heterosexual males (heterosexuals) in Europe and other Western countries. In the Netherlands, there has been an increase in syphilis positivity and diagnoses over the last 10 years. Research on syphilis among heterosexuals and on spatiotemporal syphilis trends in the Netherlands is limited.AIMWe aimed to assess spatiotemporal trends and identify determinants of syphilis among heterosexuals in the Netherlands.METHODSThis study used national surveillance data of all sexual health centres (SHCs) and included consultations among heterosexuals tested for syphilis between 2011 and 2023. Syphilis was defined as an infectious syphilis diagnosis (primary, secondary or early latent). Spatiotemporal trends were assessed using SaTScan, adjusting for demographic and behavioural factors. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to identify demographic and behavioural determinants of syphilis.RESULTSWe analysed 694,698 STI consultations among heterosexuals and identified 686 syphilis diagnoses. We found an increase in syphilis positivity from 0.05% in 2011 to 0.23% in 2023. SaTScan identified two space-time clusters; one in the north (2020-23) and one in the south-west (2019-23) of the Netherlands. Living with HIV (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 17.48; 95% CI: 11.75-25.08) and having symptoms (aOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.34-3.20) were most strongly associated with syphilis.CONCLUSIONWe found an increasing trend of syphilis among heterosexuals diagnosed at SHCs in the Netherlands. Syphilis was found in all regions. Since living with HIV was the strongest risk factor for syphilis, increased testing among heterosexuals living with HIV, both at SHCs and HIV treatment clinics, is recommended.