Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p235
Tinatin Zhorzholiani
This study explores the intricate relationship between unemployment and economic development, with a specific focus on the case of Georgia. High unemployment rates often signal economic challenges within a nation, and their consequences can extend far beyond the labor market. By examining Georgia's experience, this research aims to shed light on the multifaceted impact of unemployment on various facets of economic growth. Drawing from statistical data and regression analysis, this study investigates the causal links between unemployment levels and key economic indicators. It delves into how unemployment rates influence factors such as GDP growth, income inequality, social welfare programs, and overall societal well-being. Furthermore, the study delves into the policy measures implemented in Georgia to combat unemployment and foster sustainable economic development. It scrutinizes the effectiveness of these policies, identifying successes and areas requiring improvement. The insights gained from this analysis not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between unemployment and economic development but also provide valuable lessons for policymakers and stakeholders in Georgia and other regions grappling with similar challenges. As nations worldwide seek to navigate the complex terrain of labor market dynamics and economic prosperity, the case of Georgia serves as an instructive example, highlighting the significance of addressing unemployment as a critical component of a nation's economic growth strategy.
本研究探讨了失业与经济发展之间错综复杂的关系，特别关注格鲁吉亚的情况。高失业率通常意味着一个国家面临经济挑战，其后果可能远远超出劳动力市场。通过研究格鲁吉亚的经验，本研究旨在揭示失业对经济增长各方面的多层面影响。本研究利用统计数据和回归分析，调查失业水平与主要经济指标之间的因果关系。研究深入探讨了失业率如何影响 GDP 增长、收入不平等、社会福利计划和整体社会福祉等因素。此外，研究还深入探讨了格鲁吉亚为解决失业问题和促进可持续经济发展而实施的政策措施。它仔细审查了这些政策的有效性，确定了成功之处和需要改进的领域。从这一分析中获得的见解不仅有助于加深对失业与经济发展之间动态关系的理解，还为格鲁吉亚和其他正在应对类似挑战的地区的政策制定者和利益相关者提供了宝贵的经验。在世界各国努力探索劳动力市场动态与经济繁荣之间的复杂关系时，格鲁吉亚的案例是一个具有启发性的范例，凸显了解决失业问题作为国家经济增长战略重要组成部分的重要意义。
{"title":"The Impact of Unemployment on Economic Development: Georgia's Example","authors":"Tinatin Zhorzholiani","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p235","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the intricate relationship between unemployment and economic development, with a specific focus on the case of Georgia. High unemployment rates often signal economic challenges within a nation, and their consequences can extend far beyond the labor market. By examining Georgia's experience, this research aims to shed light on the multifaceted impact of unemployment on various facets of economic growth. \u0000Drawing from statistical data and regression analysis, this study investigates the causal links between unemployment levels and key economic indicators. It delves into how unemployment rates influence factors such as GDP growth, income inequality, social welfare programs, and overall societal well-being. \u0000Furthermore, the study delves into the policy measures implemented in Georgia to combat unemployment and foster sustainable economic development. It scrutinizes the effectiveness of these policies, identifying successes and areas requiring improvement. \u0000The insights gained from this analysis not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between unemployment and economic development but also provide valuable lessons for policymakers and stakeholders in Georgia and other regions grappling with similar challenges. As nations worldwide seek to navigate the complex terrain of labor market dynamics and economic prosperity, the case of Georgia serves as an instructive example, highlighting the significance of addressing unemployment as a critical component of a nation's economic growth strategy.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"173 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p155
N. Tsilosani, Natia Natsvlishvili, E. Mirvelashvili, Tea Zerekidze
The potential side effects of modern orthodontic treatment and its unfavorable impact on dentition and hard tissues have been extensively discussed in professional literature for decades. The presence of uncontrolled forces can result in pulp necrosis, radicular reabsorption, and/or loss of alveolar bone. Dehiscence and fenestration are more commonly found in anterior than posterior teeth, where only the periodontal ligament and the mucosa protect the dental root. Most studies investigating the effect of periodontal phenotype over gingival recession in orthodontic patients have primarily focused on examining the soft tissues. However, due to the vulnerability of thin alveolar bone, the previous evaluation of orthodontic candidate patients may also include the analysis of hard tissues. Bone density plays an important role in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement, such that reductions in bone density can significantly increase movement velocity. These types of localized density changes can affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and may also influence the risk of unwanted outcomes, such as the occurrence of dental external apical root resorption. According to the literature, the links of root resorption with the bone morphotype and the density are relevant in clinical dentistry but have not been studied in detail. However, the existing data is not yet conclusive.
{"title":"The Correlation between the Bone Morphotype and Density and Root Apical Resorption of the Anterior Teeth Due to Orthodontic Forces","authors":"N. Tsilosani, Natia Natsvlishvili, E. Mirvelashvili, Tea Zerekidze","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p155","url":null,"abstract":"The potential side effects of modern orthodontic treatment and its unfavorable impact on dentition and hard tissues have been extensively discussed in professional literature for decades. The presence of uncontrolled forces can result in pulp necrosis, radicular reabsorption, and/or loss of alveolar bone. Dehiscence and fenestration are more commonly found in anterior than posterior teeth, where only the periodontal ligament and the mucosa protect the dental root. \u0000Most studies investigating the effect of periodontal phenotype over gingival recession in orthodontic patients have primarily focused on examining the soft tissues. However, due to the vulnerability of thin alveolar bone, the previous evaluation of orthodontic candidate patients may also include the analysis of hard tissues. Bone density plays an important role in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement, such that reductions in bone density can significantly increase movement velocity. These types of localized density changes can affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and may also influence the risk of unwanted outcomes, such as the occurrence of dental external apical root resorption. \u0000According to the literature, the links of root resorption with the bone morphotype and the density are relevant in clinical dentistry but have not been studied in detail. However, the existing data is not yet conclusive.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"846 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p323
Tamar Koblianidze, N. Sachaleli
In recent years, sustainable development has become an important part of educational systems, beginning from primary schools to universities. Consequently, it has evolved into a societal priority. In 2019, the UNESCO adopted the ESD for 2030 framework with the overall objective of building a more just and sustainable world through the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Education for sustainable development for 2030 framework identifies 5 priority action areas: policy, education and training settings, educators, youth, and communities. Sustainable tourism development has been a commonly used term for many years and is, therefore, an important concept for consideration within tourism degree courses/programs. Based on qualitative research and case study method, this paper focuses on discussing the undergraduate and graduate programs in the context of teaching sustainable tourism in foreign countries, which are compared with the experience of the Georgian Technical University. The aim of the research was to study current educational programs related to sustainable tourism and highlight its importance. In conclusion, it can be asserted that sustainable tourism programs are experiencing a growing demand, with various types of policies being developed. However, the program at the Georgian Technical University stands out on an international scale, having no analogue and being truly unique. At the same time, the results indicate that in many cases, sustainability pedagogy/teaching methods, such as systems and holistic thinking, are not yet widely adopted and are in the process of implementation.
{"title":"A Comparative Research and Analysis of the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Georgian and other International Curricula","authors":"Tamar Koblianidze, N. Sachaleli","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p323","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, sustainable development has become an important part of educational systems, beginning from primary schools to universities. Consequently, it has evolved into a societal priority. In 2019, the UNESCO adopted the ESD for 2030 framework with the overall objective of building a more just and sustainable world through the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Education for sustainable development for 2030 framework identifies 5 priority action areas: policy, education and training settings, educators, youth, and communities. Sustainable tourism development has been a commonly used term for many years and is, therefore, an important concept for consideration within tourism degree courses/programs. Based on qualitative research and case study method, this paper focuses on discussing the undergraduate and graduate programs in the context of teaching sustainable tourism in foreign countries, which are compared with the experience of the Georgian Technical University. The aim of the research was to study current educational programs related to sustainable tourism and highlight its importance. In conclusion, it can be asserted that sustainable tourism programs are experiencing a growing demand, with various types of policies being developed. However, the program at the Georgian Technical University stands out on an international scale, having no analogue and being truly unique. At the same time, the results indicate that in many cases, sustainability pedagogy/teaching methods, such as systems and holistic thinking, are not yet widely adopted and are in the process of implementation.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"185 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p109
Megi Surmanidze
Event tourism is one of the growing and high-income directions of the tourism industry, event tourism is characterized by a variety of content, function and purpose, events that are held around the world have a high social, economic, cultural, historical, sports, business industrial significance. The mentioned article analyzes the course of event tourism, its scope and organizational needs and the relevance of event management. The method of literature review is used for the research. The article discusses the social positive and negative effects of event tourism on the environment, economy and society, as well as the social role in the process of employment and labor market formation. Event management, which is systematically used in event tourism, is new compared to other tourism sectors and is constantly experiencing progress along with the increased demand and need. The research showed that the most important problematic aspect in the process of planning and conducting events is the lack of professional staff and the absence of necessary competencies. Also, the research found that time management is a problem, The respondents have different attitudes towards the digital systems of budgeting, registration and identification of events.
{"title":"Modern Challenges of Event Tourism and Business, Organizational Needs","authors":"Megi Surmanidze","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p109","url":null,"abstract":"Event tourism is one of the growing and high-income directions of the tourism industry, event tourism is characterized by a variety of content, function and purpose, events that are held around the world have a high social, economic, cultural, historical, sports, business industrial significance. The mentioned article analyzes the course of event tourism, its scope and organizational needs and the relevance of event management. The method of literature review is used for the research. The article discusses the social positive and negative effects of event tourism on the environment, economy and society, as well as the social role in the process of employment and labor market formation. Event management, which is systematically used in event tourism, is new compared to other tourism sectors and is constantly experiencing progress along with the increased demand and need. The research showed that the most important problematic aspect in the process of planning and conducting events is the lack of professional staff and the absence of necessary competencies. Also, the research found that time management is a problem, The respondents have different attitudes towards the digital systems of budgeting, registration and identification of events.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"92 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p262
Ana Tegetashvili, Otar Gerzmava
The article addresses power distribution issues within the context of scientific discourse and explores potential solutions to be implemented by local authorities in the realm of Hospital Care reforms in Georgia, particularly in the conditions of authority decentralization. The significance of addressing this scientific issue stems from the financial challenges faced by many communities, especially in economically depressed Georgian regions. Prior to the reform, the network of hospital facilities relied on subsidies from higher-level budgets. The methodological approach involves the use of desk research, secondary analysis of literary, research, and analytical sources, along with regulatory methods. The research spans from 1991 to 2022, focusing on the power of local self-governments, both their inherent powers and those delegated to them, given that almost 60% of medical services are provided at the territorial community level. The article presents empirical analysis results regarding the distribution of financial power in the new model of Hospital care management. It demonstrates that, fundamentally, the new model remains budget-funded, consistent with the pre-reform structure. The research empirically and theoretically supports the assertion that the overall direction of reforms has been appropriately chosen, a sentiment echoed by positive assessments from international experts. The findings of the research can be valuable for local authorities representing the interests of territorial communities and for local executive authorities involved in the implementation of these reforms. Additionally, the research aligns with Georgia's commitment to the path towards European integration changes. This process is developing very slowly in Georgia. This is a loss of opportunity to raise the standard of living of local communities.
{"title":"Participation of Georgian Local Authorities in the Process of Hospital Care Reforms","authors":"Ana Tegetashvili, Otar Gerzmava","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p262","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses power distribution issues within the context of scientific discourse and explores potential solutions to be implemented by local authorities in the realm of Hospital Care reforms in Georgia, particularly in the conditions of authority decentralization. The significance of addressing this scientific issue stems from the financial challenges faced by many communities, especially in economically depressed Georgian regions. Prior to the reform, the network of hospital facilities relied on subsidies from higher-level budgets. \u0000The methodological approach involves the use of desk research, secondary analysis of literary, research, and analytical sources, along with regulatory methods. The research spans from 1991 to 2022, focusing on the power of local self-governments, both their inherent powers and those delegated to them, given that almost 60% of medical services are provided at the territorial community level. \u0000The article presents empirical analysis results regarding the distribution of financial power in the new model of Hospital care management. It demonstrates that, fundamentally, the new model remains budget-funded, consistent with the pre-reform structure. The research empirically and theoretically supports the assertion that the overall direction of reforms has been appropriately chosen, a sentiment echoed by positive assessments from international experts. \u0000The findings of the research can be valuable for local authorities representing the interests of territorial communities and for local executive authorities involved in the implementation of these reforms. Additionally, the research aligns with Georgia's commitment to the path towards European integration changes. \u0000This process is developing very slowly in Georgia. This is a loss of opportunity to raise the standard of living of local communities.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"546 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p51
Irakli Abashidze
Marketing communications in the international travel and hospitality industry greatly depend on online platforms. Various goals can be achieved by using digital technologies: advertising, PR, sales, branding, customer relationship management (CRM), data analytics, and online reputation management (ORM). At the same time, international travelers actively use online channels on various stages of behaviour and decision-making process, for different purposes: pre-departure information search, evaluation of alternatives, booking and purchasing services, and post-travel actions. Besides, the peculiarities of Web 2.0 give customers wide opportunities to disseminate their reviews concerning a service. It may significantly impact potential travelers’ decisions as opinions of other customers are regarded as more reliable. Hence, digital platforms must be considered one of the central issues in tourism marketing. The importance of the issue has increased in the post-pandemic conditions when competition in the international tourism industry worldwide has moved to a new level. The paper, employing a combination of literature review, observation, and analysis of primary and secondary data, provides a discussion and comprehensive analysis of various aspects of using online platforms for marketing purposes: opportunities, decision-making process under the influence of online platforms, behaviour peculiarities of international travelers, and strategies for using online channels to increase influence efficiency. Recommendations and solutions are presented for managing various online platforms. The conclusion briefly summarizes the issues discussed in the paper.
{"title":"The Influence of Online Platforms on Decision-Making Process and Behavioural Traits of International Travelers","authors":"Irakli Abashidze","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p51","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing communications in the international travel and hospitality industry greatly depend on online platforms. Various goals can be achieved by using digital technologies: advertising, PR, sales, branding, customer relationship management (CRM), data analytics, and online reputation management (ORM). At the same time, international travelers actively use online channels on various stages of behaviour and decision-making process, for different purposes: pre-departure information search, evaluation of alternatives, booking and purchasing services, and post-travel actions. Besides, the peculiarities of Web 2.0 give customers wide opportunities to disseminate their reviews concerning a service. It may significantly impact potential travelers’ decisions as opinions of other customers are regarded as more reliable. Hence, digital platforms must be considered one of the central issues in tourism marketing. The importance of the issue has increased in the post-pandemic conditions when competition in the international tourism industry worldwide has moved to a new level. The paper, employing a combination of literature review, observation, and analysis of primary and secondary data, provides a discussion and comprehensive analysis of various aspects of using online platforms for marketing purposes: opportunities, decision-making process under the influence of online platforms, behaviour peculiarities of international travelers, and strategies for using online channels to increase influence efficiency. Recommendations and solutions are presented for managing various online platforms. The conclusion briefly summarizes the issues discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"42 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p308
Vikram Bhardwaj, Usha Sharma
"Punjab, often referred to as the 'Land of five rivers,' has been a significant player in shaping India's historical narrative, leaving an enduring mark on its trajectory. This imprint stems from the courageous and patriotic endeavours of the people of Punjab, who have etched out a distinctive place for themselves. A comprehensive study of its people becomes imperative to comprehend the nuanced dynamics of Punjab's history. This involves delving into their historical, cultural, and religious roots and understanding their political legacy. The year 1947 marked India's liberation from British rule, coinciding with a partition based on the two-nation theory. Punjab bore a heavy toll during this partition, experiencing substantial human and territorial losses. The partition's catastrophic aftermath overshadowed the jubilation of independence for Punjab. Post-partition, Punjab portrayed a sombre and bleak landscape, with the migration of refugees significantly altering the communal composition of the region. This migration upheaved the administrative, economic, and political structures, introducing many complex challenges. The division of Punjab along communal lines generated a palpable sense of indignation and frustration among the Sikh community. The expectations of establishing a Sikh State in independent India, fervently supported by Sikh, Congress, and Hindu leaders, remained unfulfilled. Perceiving an unequal distribution of territory between Hindus and Muslims, the Sikhs advocated for a Punjabi Suba. In their pursuit of this objective, the Akali Dal employed diverse strategies. This culminated in the reorganisation of Punjab on March 21, 1966, leading to its further trifurcation."
{"title":"Revisiting Punjab’s Transformative Journey, 1947-1966: An Appraisal","authors":"Vikram Bhardwaj, Usha Sharma","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p308","url":null,"abstract":"\"Punjab, often referred to as the 'Land of five rivers,' has been a significant player in shaping India's historical narrative, leaving an enduring mark on its trajectory. This imprint stems from the courageous and patriotic endeavours of the people of Punjab, who have etched out a distinctive place for themselves. A comprehensive study of its people becomes imperative to comprehend the nuanced dynamics of Punjab's history. This involves delving into their historical, cultural, and religious roots and understanding their political legacy. The year 1947 marked India's liberation from British rule, coinciding with a partition based on the two-nation theory. Punjab bore a heavy toll during this partition, experiencing substantial human and territorial losses. The partition's catastrophic aftermath overshadowed the jubilation of independence for Punjab. Post-partition, Punjab portrayed a sombre and bleak landscape, with the migration of refugees significantly altering the communal composition of the region. This migration upheaved the administrative, economic, and political structures, introducing many complex challenges. The division of Punjab along communal lines generated a palpable sense of indignation and frustration among the Sikh community. The expectations of establishing a Sikh State in independent India, fervently supported by Sikh, Congress, and Hindu leaders, remained unfulfilled. Perceiving an unequal distribution of territory between Hindus and Muslims, the Sikhs advocated for a Punjabi Suba. In their pursuit of this objective, the Akali Dal employed diverse strategies. This culminated in the reorganisation of Punjab on March 21, 1966, leading to its further trifurcation.\" ","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"41 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p42
Gvantsa Dzidziguri
Modern scientific literature agrees on the issue that it is impossible to perceive public administration as a separate field. Public administration as a field, by general definition, includes the implementation of public policy and the structure and work of various actors (state or non-state) involved in the implementation process. Due to the voluminous nature of the mentioned field, it is not appropriate to consider them separately, because the organizations involved in the process of public policy implementation are not self-generated structures but each organization relies on human resources. Therefore, in the agenda of the scientific space, together with the research in the field of public administration, there was a need to use the results of the research of behavioral science. The paper specifically deals with the issue of analyzing the necessity of behavioral public administration as a field, which is analyzed through a literature review. The sources used to analyze the mentioned issue include relevant scientific articles and books. The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the connection between behavioral science and the field of public administration, and the effectiveness of their combination, which leads to the broader goal of the study, which should answer the question of the necessity and effectiveness of the existence of behavioral public administration as a field. The relevance of the research stems from the broad nature of the field of public administration, which puts on the agenda the need to combine the achievements of various adjacent fields.
{"title":"Behavioral Public Administration (BPA): The Need for a New Field (Literature Review)","authors":"Gvantsa Dzidziguri","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p42","url":null,"abstract":"Modern scientific literature agrees on the issue that it is impossible to perceive public administration as a separate field. Public administration as a field, by general definition, includes the implementation of public policy and the structure and work of various actors (state or non-state) involved in the implementation process. Due to the voluminous nature of the mentioned field, it is not appropriate to consider them separately, because the organizations involved in the process of public policy implementation are not self-generated structures but each organization relies on human resources. Therefore, in the agenda of the scientific space, together with the research in the field of public administration, there was a need to use the results of the research of behavioral science. \u0000The paper specifically deals with the issue of analyzing the necessity of behavioral public administration as a field, which is analyzed through a literature review. The sources used to analyze the mentioned issue include relevant scientific articles and books. \u0000The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the connection between behavioral science and the field of public administration, and the effectiveness of their combination, which leads to the broader goal of the study, which should answer the question of the necessity and effectiveness of the existence of behavioral public administration as a field. \u0000The relevance of the research stems from the broad nature of the field of public administration, which puts on the agenda the need to combine the achievements of various adjacent fields.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p352
Tornike Tornike Merebashvili
From the time of independence to the present day, land legislation in Georgia has undergone several changes, while the legislation has been developing at its own pace. However, Georgia's aspiration to join the European Union requires other changes. The present article studies one of the problems - land consolidation, which was analyzed as a result of comparative legal and historical-toponymic research on the example of similar countries, such as Hungary, Slovakia, and other European states, which is due to the small size of the above-mentioned countries, the short history of joining the European Union and simultaneous reforms of land consolidation in an angle that continues even now. The topic is relevant and resultoriented, as land consolidation is closely related to public and private legal interests. This article covers Georgian and foreign legislative acts, doctrinal material, and other historical sources. Land consolidation is one of the main components of land law in a broad sense, and more practically, it is the main key to the functioning of the agricultural sector, the country's development, and its accession to the European Union. Thus, this article examines Georgia's ability to create the right policy and legislative framework to regulate these relationships.
{"title":"Comparative Legal Context of Land Consolidation in Georgia","authors":"Tornike Tornike Merebashvili","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p352","url":null,"abstract":"From the time of independence to the present day, land legislation in Georgia has undergone several changes, while the legislation has been developing at its own pace. However, Georgia's aspiration to join the European Union requires other changes. The present article studies one of the problems - land consolidation, which was analyzed as a result of comparative legal and historical-toponymic research on the example of similar countries, such as Hungary, Slovakia, and other European states, which is due to the small size of the above-mentioned countries, the short history of joining the European Union and simultaneous reforms of land consolidation in an angle that continues even now. The topic is relevant and resultoriented, as land consolidation is closely related to public and private legal interests. This article covers Georgian and foreign legislative acts, doctrinal material, and other historical sources. Land consolidation is one of the main components of land law in a broad sense, and more practically, it is the main key to the functioning of the agricultural sector, the country's development, and its accession to the European Union. Thus, this article examines Georgia's ability to create the right policy and legislative framework to regulate these relationships.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"848 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p271
N. Tebidze, G. Kazhashvili
Introduction: Difficulties in communication, decision-making, and end-of-life management have emerged in the implementation of palliative care in recent decades. The imperfection of ethical issues was also highlighted. This fact is confirmed once again by a study conducted by the oncology department of the Batumi High-technology Hospital, which aimed to study the adequate perception of existing oral pathologies by patients under palliative care and their impact on the quality of life. Aim: We aimed to discuss the mentioned problem within the framework of bioethics and Georgian legislation. Methods: Despite the few amount of literary sources, we tried to discuss the mentioned issue based on Georgian legislation and also existing literature. Conclusion: Thus, as we mention in medical activities there are cases when the real diagnosis is not told to the patient for ,,his favor'', also there are cases when an inappropriate diagnosis is made, which can lead the patient to a fatal condition. In this case, the patient can civilly protect his rights. The best option is to provide the patient with information in the correct form so that it does not mean the end of the world and does not cause depression in him. The patient should be able to pass the last stage of life peacefully and with dignity.
{"title":"Communication Gaps in Georgian Palliative Medicine: Ethical and Legal Review","authors":"N. Tebidze, G. Kazhashvili","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n37p271","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Difficulties in communication, decision-making, and end-of-life management have emerged in the implementation of palliative care in recent decades. The imperfection of ethical issues was also highlighted. This fact is confirmed once again by a study conducted by the oncology department of the Batumi High-technology Hospital, which aimed to study the adequate perception of existing oral pathologies by patients under palliative care and their impact on the quality of life. \u0000Aim: We aimed to discuss the mentioned problem within the framework of bioethics and Georgian legislation. \u0000Methods: Despite the few amount of literary sources, we tried to discuss the mentioned issue based on Georgian legislation and also existing literature. \u0000Conclusion: Thus, as we mention in medical activities there are cases when the real diagnosis is not told to the patient for ,,his favor'', also there are cases when an inappropriate diagnosis is made, which can lead the patient to a fatal condition. In this case, the patient can civilly protect his rights. \u0000The best option is to provide the patient with information in the correct form so that it does not mean the end of the world and does not cause depression in him. The patient should be able to pass the last stage of life peacefully and with dignity.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"320 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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