Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p131
Evrard Bayédjè Koutchoro, Damien Georgia Barikissou, Ignace Coovi Nonwanou Tokpanoude, E. Djossou, Sarafa O. Idohou, C. Koudoukpo, Badirou Aguemon
Introduction : La pratique de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire est de plus en plus adoptée par les jeunes filles. Ce phénomène de " mode " révèle un certain aspect socio-anthropologique qui assimile la couleur noire de la peau à une vision négative et inférieure de l'être humain. Objectif: l’objectif est de comprendre ce qui motive les jeunes filles scolarisées à s’adonner à une telle pratique plus spécifquement d‘évaluer leurs connaissances, attitudes et pratiques face à la dépigmentation. Méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée entre Avril et Mai 2023 qui a concerné 1039 étudiantes des écoles et universités du département des Collines sélectionnées par sondage aléatoire simple à plusieurs degrés. Résultats : La moitié des filles enquêtées savaient que la dépigmentation est l’utilisation de produits chimiques dans le but d’éclaircir la peau. Pour la plupart (82,9%) d’entre elles, la couleur de la peau était une représentation de critère de beauté. Une femme à peau claire avait plus de valeur qu’une femme à peau noire selon 43,0% des enquêtées. 78,2% avaient adopté la pratique de la dépigmentation volontaire et le rythme d’application était biquotidien chez 70,6% d’entre elles. La principale motivation des filles était d’uniformiser le teint. Conclusion : La dépigmentations est un phénomene bien connu des élèves et étudiantes du département des collines. La plupart des enquêtées pratique la dépigmentation et le critère de beauté est utilisé pour justifier le phénomène. Introduction: the practice of voluntary cosmetic depigmentation is increasingly adopted by young girls. This "fashion" phenomenon reveals a certain socio-anthropological aspect that assimilates the black color of the skin to a negative and inferior vision of the human being. Objective: was to understand what motivates young girls at school to engage in such a practice more specifically evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding depigmentation. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by simple multistage random sampling. Results: Half the girls surveyed knew that depigmentation is the use of chemicals to lighten the skin. For the majority (82.9%) of them, skin color was a representation of beauty criteria. A light-skinned woman was more valuable than a dark-skinned woman, according to 43.0% of respondents. 78.2% have adopted the practice of voluntary depigmentation, and 70.6% of them apply their products twice a day. The girls' main motivation was to even out their skin color. Conclusion: Depigmentation is well known among pupils and students in the hill district. Most of those surveyed practice depigmentation and the criterion of beauty is used to justify the phenomenon.
{"title":"Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques de la Dépigmentation Cosmétique Volontaire des Jeunes Filles en Milieu Scolaire et Universitaire du Département des Collines au Bénin","authors":"Evrard Bayédjè Koutchoro, Damien Georgia Barikissou, Ignace Coovi Nonwanou Tokpanoude, E. Djossou, Sarafa O. Idohou, C. Koudoukpo, Badirou Aguemon","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p131","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : La pratique de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire est de plus en plus adoptée par les jeunes filles. Ce phénomène de \" mode \" révèle un certain aspect socio-anthropologique qui assimile la couleur noire de la peau à une vision négative et inférieure de l'être humain. \u0000Objectif: l’objectif est de comprendre ce qui motive les jeunes filles scolarisées à s’adonner à une telle pratique plus spécifquement d‘évaluer leurs connaissances, attitudes et pratiques face à la dépigmentation. \u0000Méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée entre Avril et Mai 2023 qui a concerné 1039 étudiantes des écoles et universités du département des Collines sélectionnées par sondage aléatoire simple à plusieurs degrés. \u0000Résultats : La moitié des filles enquêtées savaient que la dépigmentation est l’utilisation de produits chimiques dans le but d’éclaircir la peau. Pour la plupart (82,9%) d’entre elles, la couleur de la peau était une représentation de critère de beauté. Une femme à peau claire avait plus de valeur qu’une femme à peau noire selon 43,0% des enquêtées. 78,2% avaient adopté la pratique de la dépigmentation volontaire et le rythme d’application était biquotidien chez 70,6% d’entre elles. La principale motivation des filles était d’uniformiser le teint. \u0000Conclusion : La dépigmentations est un phénomene bien connu des élèves et étudiantes du département des collines. La plupart des enquêtées pratique la dépigmentation et le critère de beauté est utilisé pour justifier le phénomène. \u0000 \u0000Introduction: the practice of voluntary cosmetic depigmentation is increasingly adopted by young girls. This \"fashion\" phenomenon reveals a certain socio-anthropological aspect that assimilates the black color of the skin to a negative and inferior vision of the human being. \u0000Objective: was to understand what motivates young girls at school to engage in such a practice more specifically evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding depigmentation. \u0000Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by simple multistage random sampling. \u0000Results: Half the girls surveyed knew that depigmentation is the use of chemicals to lighten the skin. For the majority (82.9%) of them, skin color was a representation of beauty criteria. A light-skinned woman was more valuable than a dark-skinned woman, according to 43.0% of respondents. 78.2% have adopted the practice of voluntary depigmentation, and 70.6% of them apply their products twice a day. The girls' main motivation was to even out their skin color. \u0000Conclusion: Depigmentation is well known among pupils and students in the hill district. Most of those surveyed practice depigmentation and the criterion of beauty is used to justify the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"14 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p54
Joseph Yensu, George Asumadu, D. A. Atuilik, Kyei Baffour Asare
Entrepreneurship is globally seen as a tool for job creation, contributing to the stability and economic development of nations. This is why the governments of many nations, including Ghana, put up initiatives to promote entrepreneurial activities. This paper focuses on assessing equity crowdfunding as an alternative source of generating fund for entrepreneurial projects in Ghana. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in conducting this study in the Tema Municipality of the Greater Accra Region. A sample size of 149 entrepreneurs in various industries, 118 investors, and 90 respondents acting as both entrepreneurs and investors were chosen through purposive sampling method. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, employing tables and graphs. The results of the study showed that most entrepreneurs and investors had heard of equity crowdfunding but very few understood the operations of this type of funding. Also, it became evident that the investors and entrepreneurs had inadequate knowledge and understanding about crowdfunding adoption in Ghana. The study showed that equity crowdfunding is capable of bridging the funding gap and, therefore, is a suitable alternative in generating funds for entrepreneurship in Ghana. It is recommended that equity crowdfunding should be included as a source of funding in entrepreneurship curriculum. Also, policies should be made by government to establish regulations that will protect all the parties involved in equity crowdfunding.
{"title":"Equity Crowdfunding: An Alternative Source of Financing Entrepreneurship in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana","authors":"Joseph Yensu, George Asumadu, D. A. Atuilik, Kyei Baffour Asare","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p54","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is globally seen as a tool for job creation, contributing to the stability and economic development of nations. This is why the governments of many nations, including Ghana, put up initiatives to promote entrepreneurial activities. This paper focuses on assessing equity crowdfunding as an alternative source of generating fund for entrepreneurial projects in Ghana. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in conducting this study in the Tema Municipality of the Greater Accra Region. A sample size of 149 entrepreneurs in various industries, 118 investors, and 90 respondents acting as both entrepreneurs and investors were chosen through purposive sampling method. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, employing tables and graphs. The results of the study showed that most entrepreneurs and investors had heard of equity crowdfunding but very few understood the operations of this type of funding. Also, it became evident that the investors and entrepreneurs had inadequate knowledge and understanding about crowdfunding adoption in Ghana. The study showed that equity crowdfunding is capable of bridging the funding gap and, therefore, is a suitable alternative in generating funds for entrepreneurship in Ghana. It is recommended that equity crowdfunding should be included as a source of funding in entrepreneurship curriculum. Also, policies should be made by government to establish regulations that will protect all the parties involved in equity crowdfunding.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p214
Amani Jonas Alla, N. J. Yao, Diby Ferdinand Yao, Z. B. Digbehi
Ce travail avait pour objectif de déterminer la typologie et la source probable de recharge des aquifères rencontrés à Bonoua en vue d’une meilleure gestion de ceux-ci. Les travaux ont utilisé des échantillons de forages prélevés à Bonoua au Sud-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. L’étude lithologique a révélé des sables, des argiles sableuses et des argiles bariolées. Les sables constituent l’essentiel des aquifères. La détermination des indices d’évolution totale (Nt) et segmentaire (Ns) a illustré trois aquifères. La variation de ces indices a révélé une direction NW-SE des paléocourants. Les indices Ns des sables montrent qu’ils ont subi un long transport (64 % à 86 %). Le principal aquifère se situe à 64,5 m en moyenne. Il est surmonté par un niveau imperméable (toit) d’argile bariolée et enregistre les meilleures arrivées d’eau. Il est dominé de sables grossiers (66,66 % à 85,71 %) à très grossiers avec une forme subarrondie (16 % à 53,57 %) et arrondies (13,04 % à 40 %). Les particules fines piégées par les grossières à l’équilibre lors du dépôt sont toutes les deux issues d’un courant cogénétique. Ces sédiments transportés majoritairement par saltation et déposés généralement selon un faciès logarithmique (Nt = 0) et rarement parabolique (0 ˂ Nt ˂ 1) sont très bien classés (83,33 % à 100 %). Cette étude a permis d’identifier deux nouveaux faciès qui sont le faciès subparabolique (0,05 ≤ Nt ≤ 0,09) et le faciès linéaire (Nt = 1). Le faible pourcentage de fine offre à l’aquifère une bonne porosité et une bonne perméabilité ainsi qu’une bonne transmissivité de l’eau souterraine. Ce travail révèle donc qu’un seul aquifère existe dans cette localité mais se présente en bicouche séparée par de l’argile bariolée qui constitue le toit de cette nappe captive exploitée dans le zone. L’écoulement souterrain de direction NW-SE suppose que l’eau stockée à Bonoua proviendrait du fleuve Comoé qui coule en direction de la localité de Bassam. D’où la nécessité de protéger les cours d’eau rencontrées dans la localité de Bassam ainsi qu’au Nord de la zone d’étude afin garantir l’eau à Bonoua. The objective of this study was to determine the typology and likely recharge source of the aquifers found in Bonoua, aiming to enhance their management. Samples from boreholes in Bonoua, located in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, were analyzed. The lithological examination revealed the presence of sands, sandy clays, and variegated clays, with sands comprising the majority of the aquifers. Analysis of total (Nt) and segmental (Ns) evolution indices highlighted the presence of three distinct aquifers. The fluctuation in these indices indicated a prevailing NW-SE direction of paleocurrents. The Ns indices of the sands indicate significant long-distance transport (ranging from 64% to 86%). The primary aquifer is typically found at an average depth of 64.5 meters. It is capped by an impermeable layer (roof) of variegated clay, leading to optimal water inflow. The predominant sands r
{"title":"Caractérisation Lithologique, Hydrosédimentaire Et Cartographie des Aquifères par la Méthode des Indices d’Évolution : Cas de la Recharge des Aquifères de Bonoua (Sud-Est Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Amani Jonas Alla, N. J. Yao, Diby Ferdinand Yao, Z. B. Digbehi","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p214","url":null,"abstract":"Ce travail avait pour objectif de déterminer la typologie et la source probable de recharge des aquifères rencontrés à Bonoua en vue d’une meilleure gestion de ceux-ci. Les travaux ont utilisé des échantillons de forages prélevés à Bonoua au Sud-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. L’étude lithologique a révélé des sables, des argiles sableuses et des argiles bariolées. Les sables constituent l’essentiel des aquifères. La détermination des indices d’évolution totale (Nt) et segmentaire (Ns) a illustré trois aquifères. La variation de ces indices a révélé une direction NW-SE des paléocourants. Les indices Ns des sables montrent qu’ils ont subi un long transport (64 % à 86 %). Le principal aquifère se situe à 64,5 m en moyenne. Il est surmonté par un niveau imperméable (toit) d’argile bariolée et enregistre les meilleures arrivées d’eau. Il est dominé de sables grossiers (66,66 % à 85,71 %) à très grossiers avec une forme subarrondie (16 % à 53,57 %) et arrondies (13,04 % à 40 %). Les particules fines piégées par les grossières à l’équilibre lors du dépôt sont toutes les deux issues d’un courant cogénétique. Ces sédiments transportés majoritairement par saltation et déposés généralement selon un faciès logarithmique (Nt = 0) et rarement parabolique (0 ˂ Nt ˂ 1) sont très bien classés (83,33 % à 100 %). Cette étude a permis d’identifier deux nouveaux faciès qui sont le faciès subparabolique (0,05 ≤ Nt ≤ 0,09) et le faciès linéaire (Nt = 1). Le faible pourcentage de fine offre à l’aquifère une bonne porosité et une bonne perméabilité ainsi qu’une bonne transmissivité de l’eau souterraine. Ce travail révèle donc qu’un seul aquifère existe dans cette localité mais se présente en bicouche séparée par de l’argile bariolée qui constitue le toit de cette nappe captive exploitée dans le zone. L’écoulement souterrain de direction NW-SE suppose que l’eau stockée à Bonoua proviendrait du fleuve Comoé qui coule en direction de la localité de Bassam. D’où la nécessité de protéger les cours d’eau rencontrées dans la localité de Bassam ainsi qu’au Nord de la zone d’étude afin garantir l’eau à Bonoua. \u0000 \u0000The objective of this study was to determine the typology and likely recharge source of the aquifers found in Bonoua, aiming to enhance their management. Samples from boreholes in Bonoua, located in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, were analyzed. The lithological examination revealed the presence of sands, sandy clays, and variegated clays, with sands comprising the majority of the aquifers. Analysis of total (Nt) and segmental (Ns) evolution indices highlighted the presence of three distinct aquifers. The fluctuation in these indices indicated a prevailing NW-SE direction of paleocurrents. The Ns indices of the sands indicate significant long-distance transport (ranging from 64% to 86%). The primary aquifer is typically found at an average depth of 64.5 meters. It is capped by an impermeable layer (roof) of variegated clay, leading to optimal water inflow. The predominant sands r","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p147
S. Ndiaye, Pape Ibrahima Djighaly, Saboury Ndiaye, Fodé Amata Dramé
Dans le contexte de rareté des ressources forestières, évaluer le degré d’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux est crucial pour comprendre les pressions exercées sur les produits forestiers non ligneux et in fine de mettre en place des stratégies visant une exploitation rationnelle et durable des produits forestiers non ligneux. Cette étude a pour objectifs d’analyser la dynamique d’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux. Un suivi de l’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux a été réalisé chez 260 exploitants répartis en 30 groupements. Un questionnaire a été utilisé pour la collecte des données complémentaires et ont été administrés auprès de 150 producteurs au niveau de quatre communes Les résultats montrent qu’entre 2012 et 2018, le volume d’exploitation du pain de singe est passé de 20,087 tonnes à 88,457 tonnes, de 1,19 T à 45,231 tonnes pour le Saba. Celui du miel est passé de 4 354 litres en 2012 à 6 694 litres, de10 280 litres à 35 563 litres pour l’huile de palme. Quant au Néré, son exploitation est passée de 79, 996 tonnes en 2012 à 263, 141 tonnes. La commercialisation des produits exploités a permis de générer plus de 208 859 000 millions de FCFA par an. Il ressort des enquêtes de perception que l’ensemble des produits forestiers subissent une forte pression et que leur disponibilité est de plus en plus faible. Dès lors, des stratégies résilientes sont à adopter allant de l’exploitation contrôlée à la conservation de ces ressources. In the context of scarce forest resources, assessing the degree of exploitation of non-timber forest products is crucial to understanding the pressures exerted on non-timber forest products and, ultimately, to implementing strategies aimed at rational and sustainable exploitation of non-timber forest products. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of non-timber forest product exploitation. Non-timber forest product harvesting was monitored among 260 farmers in 30 groups. A questionnaire was used to collect additional data and was administered to 150 producers in four communes. The results show that between 2012 and 2018, the volume of monkey bread harvested rose from 20.087 tonnes to 88.457 tonnes, and from 1.19 T to 45.231 tonnes for Saba. Honey production rose from 4,354 liters in 2012 to 6,694 liters, and palm oil from 10,280 liters to 35,563 liters. Néré production rose from 79.996 tonnes in 2012 to 263.141 tonnes. The marketing of harvested products generated more than 208,859,000 million FCFA per year. Perception surveys show that all forest products are under heavy pressure and that their availability is becoming increasingly limited. Resilient strategies must therefore be adopted, ranging from controlled harvesting to conservation of these resources.
{"title":"Dynamique de l’Exploitation des Produits Forestiers non Ligneux Commercialisés dans le Département de Goudomp, Sénégal","authors":"S. Ndiaye, Pape Ibrahima Djighaly, Saboury Ndiaye, Fodé Amata Dramé","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p147","url":null,"abstract":"Dans le contexte de rareté des ressources forestières, évaluer le degré d’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux est crucial pour comprendre les pressions exercées sur les produits forestiers non ligneux et in fine de mettre en place des stratégies visant une exploitation rationnelle et durable des produits forestiers non ligneux. Cette étude a pour objectifs d’analyser la dynamique d’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux. Un suivi de l’exploitation des produits forestiers non ligneux a été réalisé chez 260 exploitants répartis en 30 groupements. Un questionnaire a été utilisé pour la collecte des données complémentaires et ont été administrés auprès de 150 producteurs au niveau de quatre communes Les résultats montrent qu’entre 2012 et 2018, le volume d’exploitation du pain de singe est passé de 20,087 tonnes à 88,457 tonnes, de 1,19 T à 45,231 tonnes pour le Saba. Celui du miel est passé de 4 354 litres en 2012 à 6 694 litres, de10 280 litres à 35 563 litres pour l’huile de palme. Quant au Néré, son exploitation est passée de 79, 996 tonnes en 2012 à 263, 141 tonnes. La commercialisation des produits exploités a permis de générer plus de 208 859 000 millions de FCFA par an. Il ressort des enquêtes de perception que l’ensemble des produits forestiers subissent une forte pression et que leur disponibilité est de plus en plus faible. Dès lors, des stratégies résilientes sont à adopter allant de l’exploitation contrôlée à la conservation de ces ressources. \u0000 \u0000In the context of scarce forest resources, assessing the degree of exploitation of non-timber forest products is crucial to understanding the pressures exerted on non-timber forest products and, ultimately, to implementing strategies aimed at rational and sustainable exploitation of non-timber forest products. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of non-timber forest product exploitation. Non-timber forest product harvesting was monitored among 260 farmers in 30 groups. A questionnaire was used to collect additional data and was administered to 150 producers in four communes. The results show that between 2012 and 2018, the volume of monkey bread harvested rose from 20.087 tonnes to 88.457 tonnes, and from 1.19 T to 45.231 tonnes for Saba. Honey production rose from 4,354 liters in 2012 to 6,694 liters, and palm oil from 10,280 liters to 35,563 liters. Néré production rose from 79.996 tonnes in 2012 to 263.141 tonnes. The marketing of harvested products generated more than 208,859,000 million FCFA per year. Perception surveys show that all forest products are under heavy pressure and that their availability is becoming increasingly limited. Resilient strategies must therefore be adopted, ranging from controlled harvesting to conservation of these resources.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"16 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p34
Mohamed Alami
The study, which is being conducted in the context of the widespread use of information technology in Moroccan companies, focuses on examining the success factors of IT implementation. This is a crucial step in maximizing the value of information technology investments. The goal is to address concerns regarding the delay in digital transformation and the role of information technology in establishing a sustainable and irreplaceable competitive advantage. The research methodology utilizes a qualitative approach, specifically a single case study with semi-structured interviews for data collection. The theoretical framework incorporates the resource-based view (RBV) and contingency theories. The key findings of the study emphasize the challenges encountered during information technology implementation, especially concerning the complementarity of organizational and human resources with information technology resources. Based on these challenges, the factors contributing to successful information technology implementation are categorized into three groups: pre-implementation phase, alignment of information technology strategy, and collaboration and coordination among all stakeholders involved in the implementation process.
{"title":"The Determinants of Success in the Implementation of Information Technology in Moroccan Companies: Exploratory Case Study","authors":"Mohamed Alami","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p34","url":null,"abstract":"The study, which is being conducted in the context of the widespread use of information technology in Moroccan companies, focuses on examining the success factors of IT implementation. This is a crucial step in maximizing the value of information technology investments. The goal is to address concerns regarding the delay in digital transformation and the role of information technology in establishing a sustainable and irreplaceable competitive advantage. The research methodology utilizes a qualitative approach, specifically a single case study with semi-structured interviews for data collection. The theoretical framework incorporates the resource-based view (RBV) and contingency theories. The key findings of the study emphasize the challenges encountered during information technology implementation, especially concerning the complementarity of organizational and human resources with information technology resources. Based on these challenges, the factors contributing to successful information technology implementation are categorized into three groups: pre-implementation phase, alignment of information technology strategy, and collaboration and coordination among all stakeholders involved in the implementation process.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p1
Alfateh Fegada, Zoltan Veres
Entrepreneurial marketing (EM) is a dynamic and innovative approach to marketing that is particularly well-suited for startups and small businesses. Thus, the study focuses on Sudanese SMEs in order to assist them in achieving profitability, sustainability, and competitive advantage in the long term. Consequently, our objectives are to develop the research pre-model and to explore in depth how entrepreneurs, managers, and employees of SMEs in Khartoum-Sudan are familiar with the concepts of the research pre-model, and how they can employ and take advantage of study concepts. To achieve these objectives, we relayed on the qualitative method an inductive approach to test the validity and to develop the research pre-model. Hence, we have designed an open-ended question scenario and conducted a certain interview utilizing multiple qualitative methods to gather the data from the purposive sample which consists of (15) individuals. We have divided the scenario into three main parts of questions, first open-ended questions about EM, in this regard the most important question that has been asked to the interviewees was “What are the factors/dimensions that comes to your mind when you hear about EM”? Secondly, open-ended questions about technological capabilities TCPs. “The commonly thought view of TCPs proposes that firms with strong technological capability can rapidly identify technological opportunities and the value of technological resources and utilizing modern equipment, in this scope benefits of entrepreneurial marketing should therefore be enhanced by a firm’s high technological capability”. e.g., “What are the expected advantages that will be rewarded by employing TCPs in SMEs”? Finally, we have grouped data into concepts, categories, and themes and then utilized a manual-thematic analysis as a method for identifying, analyzing, and interpreting patterns within data. In this scope we have analyzed the data and interpreted the results within three main themes. Accordingly, significant new dimensions have been discovered and generated which led to our final developed and adapted research model.
{"title":"The Moderating Role of Technological Capabilities in the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Marketing and Firm Performance: A Qualitative Approach","authors":"Alfateh Fegada, Zoltan Veres","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n7p1","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurial marketing (EM) is a dynamic and innovative approach to marketing that is particularly well-suited for startups and small businesses. Thus, the study focuses on Sudanese SMEs in order to assist them in achieving profitability, sustainability, and competitive advantage in the long term. Consequently, our objectives are to develop the research pre-model and to explore in depth how entrepreneurs, managers, and employees of SMEs in Khartoum-Sudan are familiar with the concepts of the research pre-model, and how they can employ and take advantage of study concepts. To achieve these objectives, we relayed on the qualitative method an inductive approach to test the validity and to develop the research pre-model. Hence, we have designed an open-ended question scenario and conducted a certain interview utilizing multiple qualitative methods to gather the data from the purposive sample which consists of (15) individuals. We have divided the scenario into three main parts of questions, first open-ended questions about EM, in this regard the most important question that has been asked to the interviewees was “What are the factors/dimensions that comes to your mind when you hear about EM”? Secondly, open-ended questions about technological capabilities TCPs. “The commonly thought view of TCPs proposes that firms with strong technological capability can rapidly identify technological opportunities and the value of technological resources and utilizing modern equipment, in this scope benefits of entrepreneurial marketing should therefore be enhanced by a firm’s high technological capability”. e.g., “What are the expected advantages that will be rewarded by employing TCPs in SMEs”? Finally, we have grouped data into concepts, categories, and themes and then utilized a manual-thematic analysis as a method for identifying, analyzing, and interpreting patterns within data. In this scope we have analyzed the data and interpreted the results within three main themes. Accordingly, significant new dimensions have been discovered and generated which led to our final developed and adapted research model.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"40 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n4p129
Baninla Nicholas, M. Sama, Nwahanye Emmanuel
With the intensification of national and global competition, the focus of companies is now on how to achieve competitive advantage. With globalisation, Cameroon’s industry is facing specific difficulties such as unchecked competition from imports, internal weaknesses in output, low technology acquisition as well as poor links between industry and the institutional sector, making competition a problem for them. This led to the foundation of studies on innovation and competitiveness, but at this point, there are still inconclusive results. This paper focuses on examining the effect of innovation on competitiveness in the food processing industry of Cameroon, with a specific emphasis on the mediating effect of quality management. This study adopted the cross-sectional research design for its investigation. The primary source of data was used for this study, as it was current. This primary data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the respondents. Innovation in this study was captured in terms product, process, market, and organisational innovations. Quality management on the other hand was captured in terms of commitment to quality, employee involvement, customer focus, process monitoring, incentives, and recognition. In relation to competitiveness, the study focused on productivity, output growth, and market share. Data was collected from 335 managers of food processing companies drawn randomly after stratification from a population of 2564 food processing companies operating in Cameroon. This includes Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, Buea, Bafoussam, Maroua, and Bertoua with 201, 40, 34, 3, 30, 17, and 10 as corresponding sample proportions respectively. Inferential statistics was used during the analysis of the data, specifically using Baron and Kenny’s approach of testing the mediation hypothesis. Based on the results, there were traces of positive and significant direct effects of product, process, and organisational innovations on competitiveness. On the other hand, market innovation was insignificant. In terms of the indirect effect, the study revealed a partial mediation of quality management in the effect of product innovation on competitiveness. Quality management, however, had no mediating role on other dimensions of innovation (process, market, and organisational) and competitiveness.
{"title":"The Effect of Innovation on Competitiveness in the Food Processing Industry of Cameroon: A Mediating Effect of Quality Management","authors":"Baninla Nicholas, M. Sama, Nwahanye Emmanuel","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n4p129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n4p129","url":null,"abstract":"With the intensification of national and global competition, the focus of companies is now on how to achieve competitive advantage. With globalisation, Cameroon’s industry is facing specific difficulties such as unchecked competition from imports, internal weaknesses in output, low technology acquisition as well as poor links between industry and the institutional sector, making competition a problem for them. This led to the foundation of studies on innovation and competitiveness, but at this point, there are still inconclusive results. This paper focuses on examining the effect of innovation on competitiveness in the food processing industry of Cameroon, with a specific emphasis on the mediating effect of quality management. This study adopted the cross-sectional research design for its investigation. The primary source of data was used for this study, as it was current. This primary data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the respondents. Innovation in this study was captured in terms product, process, market, and organisational innovations. Quality management on the other hand was captured in terms of commitment to quality, employee involvement, customer focus, process monitoring, incentives, and recognition. In relation to competitiveness, the study focused on productivity, output growth, and market share. Data was collected from 335 managers of food processing companies drawn randomly after stratification from a population of 2564 food processing companies operating in Cameroon. This includes Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, Buea, Bafoussam, Maroua, and Bertoua with 201, 40, 34, 3, 30, 17, and 10 as corresponding sample proportions respectively. Inferential statistics was used during the analysis of the data, specifically using Baron and Kenny’s approach of testing the mediation hypothesis. Based on the results, there were traces of positive and significant direct effects of product, process, and organisational innovations on competitiveness. On the other hand, market innovation was insignificant. In terms of the indirect effect, the study revealed a partial mediation of quality management in the effect of product innovation on competitiveness. Quality management, however, had no mediating role on other dimensions of innovation (process, market, and organisational) and competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n5p125
E. Soufiane
Cet article a pour objectif d’aider les chefs d’équites en général et les directeurs d’écoles en particulier à mieux gérer et motiver les ressources humaines sous leur direction. Il consiste en une synthèse de la littérature autour de la motivation au travail regroupant la plupart des théories liées à ce domaine en y ajoutant des analyses et des propositions concrètes afin de lier théorie et pratique. Ce travail est venu à la suite d’une évaluation diagnostique au cours de la formation des cadres de l’administration pédagogique. Les résultats ont montré une déficience accrue aux savoirs et savoir-faire des stagiaires autour de la notion de motivation, pourtant très importante dans leur travail. 57% seulement connaissent des théories de la motivation et aucune proposition d’intervention ne lie théorie et pratique. Toutefois, l’unanimité avoue le rôle important du directeur dans la motivation des enseignants. This article aims to assist team leaders in general and school principals in particular in better managing and motivating the human resources under their direction. It consists of a literature review on workplace motivation, encompassing most theories related to this field, supplemented with analyses and concrete proposals to bridge the gap between theory and practice. This work follows a diagnostic evaluation conducted during the training of educational administration executives. The results revealed an increased deficiency in the knowledge and skills of trainees regarding the concept of motivation, which is crucial in their work. Only 57% are familiar with motivation theories, and no intervention proposal links theory and practice. However, there is unanimous agreement on the crucial role of the principal in teacher motivation.
{"title":"Gestion de la Motivation des Enseignants par les Directeurs des Ecoles : Synthèse Théorique et Orientations Prospectives","authors":"E. Soufiane","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n5p125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n5p125","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article a pour objectif d’aider les chefs d’équites en général et les directeurs d’écoles en particulier à mieux gérer et motiver les ressources humaines sous leur direction. Il consiste en une synthèse de la littérature autour de la motivation au travail regroupant la plupart des théories liées à ce domaine en y ajoutant des analyses et des propositions concrètes afin de lier théorie et pratique. \u0000Ce travail est venu à la suite d’une évaluation diagnostique au cours de la formation des cadres de l’administration pédagogique. Les résultats ont montré une déficience accrue aux savoirs et savoir-faire des stagiaires autour de la notion de motivation, pourtant très importante dans leur travail. 57% seulement connaissent des théories de la motivation et aucune proposition d’intervention ne lie théorie et pratique. Toutefois, l’unanimité avoue le rôle important du directeur dans la motivation des enseignants. \u0000 \u0000This article aims to assist team leaders in general and school principals in particular in better managing and motivating the human resources under their direction. It consists of a literature review on workplace motivation, encompassing most theories related to this field, supplemented with analyses and concrete proposals to bridge the gap between theory and practice. \u0000This work follows a diagnostic evaluation conducted during the training of educational administration executives. The results revealed an increased deficiency in the knowledge and skills of trainees regarding the concept of motivation, which is crucial in their work. Only 57% are familiar with motivation theories, and no intervention proposal links theory and practice. However, there is unanimous agreement on the crucial role of the principal in teacher motivation.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n6p139
Bertal Yassine, Ben Brahim Youssef
This paper focuses on analyzing the temporal variability of rainfall and rainfall trends using a statistical analysis of rainfall data in the Melloulou watershed for a half-century chronicle (1970-2020). The objective of this study is to extract all the rainfall characteristics and the rainfall variability during this period to determine the rainfall trends. The working method is based on a statistical approach to detect the climatic characteristics of the Melloulou basin. The study of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the rainfall deficit index (RDI) showed the alternation of very long dry periods with wet periods. The Mann-Kendall test under the RStudio also showed a decreasing rainfall trend.
{"title":"Temporal Variability of Rainfall and Trend Analysis of Melloulou Watershed in Morocco","authors":"Bertal Yassine, Ben Brahim Youssef","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n6p139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n6p139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on analyzing the temporal variability of rainfall and rainfall trends using a statistical analysis of rainfall data in the Melloulou watershed for a half-century chronicle (1970-2020). The objective of this study is to extract all the rainfall characteristics and the rainfall variability during this period to determine the rainfall trends. The working method is based on a statistical approach to detect the climatic characteristics of the Melloulou basin. The study of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the rainfall deficit index (RDI) showed the alternation of very long dry periods with wet periods. The Mann-Kendall test under the RStudio also showed a decreasing rainfall trend.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n6p244
Sylvie Noëlle Tidou, Landry Sylvain Kouakou, Gisèle Siransy Kouakou, G. N. Zirihi
La présente étude avait pour objectif général d’évaluer l’activité analgésique des extraits hydroéthanolique de Clerodendrum splendens et Nephrolepsis bisserata. Cette étude s’est faite en utilisant le Writhing test induit par l’acide acétique 1% par voie intrapéritonéale et le test d’immersion de la queue chez la souris. Le paracétamol, à la dose de 100 mg/kg de poids corps corporelle (pc) et l’extrait hydroéthanolique ont été administrés par voie orale. La morphine à la dose de 10 mg/kg de pc a été administrée par voie intrapéritonéale. Les résultats ont montré que les extraits de Clerodendrum splendens et Nephrolepsis bisserata administrés aux doses de 50, 100 et 200 mg/kg de pc chacun présentaient des pourcentages d’inhibition respectivement de 56,44 ; 61,28 ; 98,39 pour Clerodendrum splendens et 98,39, 87,10 ; 95,16 pour Nephrolepsis bisserata. Par contre, le paracétamol a donné un pourcentage d’inhibition de 91, 93. Aux temps T30, la morphine a fortement prolongé le retrait de la queue des souris avec une moyenne de 8,6±0,2 s contre 3,6±0,2 s, 4,4±0,5 s et 5,6±0,2 s pour la solution de (Clerodendrum splendens + Nephrolepsis bisserata) respectivement aux doses de 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml et 15 mg/ml. Cependant à la 150éme minute, notre extrait a fortement prolongé les temps de retrait de la queue des souris avec des moyennes de 8±0,4, 10,6±0,5 et 12,2±0,4 s (respectivement aux doses de 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml et 15 mg/ml) par rapport à celui de la morphine (6,2±0,2 s). L’effet analgésique de Clerodendrum splendens et Nephrolepsis bisserata justifierait l’utilisation de ces deux espèces de plantes par les populations pour soulager la douleur. The general aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroethanol extracts of Clerodendrum splendens and Nephrolepsis bisserata. This evaluation was carried out using the Writhing test induced by 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally and the tail immersion test in mice. Paracetamol at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight (bw) and hydroethanol extract were administered orally. Morphine at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw was administered intraperitoneally. The results showed that extracts of Clerodendrum splendens and Nephrolepsis bisserata administered at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg bw each presented inhibition percentages of 56.44; 61.28; 98.39, 98.39, 87.10; 95.16 respectively versus 91, 93 for paracetamol. At times T30, morphine greatly prolonged tail withdrawal in mice, with an average of 8.6±0.2 s versus 3.6±0.2 s, 4.4±0.5 s and 5.6±0.2 s for our (NB+CS) solution at doses of 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 15mg/ml respectively. However, at the 150th minute, our extract greatly prolonged the tail withdrawal times of the mice, with averages of 8±0.4, 10.6±0.5 and 12.2±0.4 s (at doses of 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 15mg/ml respectively) compared with morphine (6.2±0.2 s). The analgesic effect of Clerodendrum splendens and Nephrolepsis bisserata justifies their use by local populations to relieve pain.
{"title":"Etude Analgésique des Extraits Hydroéthanoliques de Clerodendrum splendens G. Don (Lamiaceae) et Nephrolepis bisserata (Sw.) Schott (Nephrolepidaceae) : Deux Plantes de la Pharmacopée Ivoirienne","authors":"Sylvie Noëlle Tidou, Landry Sylvain Kouakou, Gisèle Siransy Kouakou, G. N. Zirihi","doi":"10.19044/esj.2024.v20n6p244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n6p244","url":null,"abstract":"La présente étude avait pour objectif général d’évaluer l’activité analgésique des extraits hydroéthanolique de Clerodendrum splendens et Nephrolepsis bisserata. Cette étude s’est faite en utilisant le Writhing test induit par l’acide acétique 1% par voie intrapéritonéale et le test d’immersion de la queue chez la souris. Le paracétamol, à la dose de 100 mg/kg de poids corps corporelle (pc) et l’extrait hydroéthanolique ont été administrés par voie orale. La morphine à la dose de 10 mg/kg de pc a été administrée par voie intrapéritonéale. Les résultats ont montré que les extraits de Clerodendrum splendens et Nephrolepsis bisserata administrés aux doses de 50, 100 et 200 mg/kg de pc chacun présentaient des pourcentages d’inhibition respectivement de 56,44 ; 61,28 ; 98,39 pour Clerodendrum splendens et 98,39, 87,10 ; 95,16 pour Nephrolepsis bisserata. Par contre, le paracétamol a donné un pourcentage d’inhibition de 91, 93. Aux temps T30, la morphine a fortement prolongé le retrait de la queue des souris avec une moyenne de 8,6±0,2 s contre 3,6±0,2 s, 4,4±0,5 s et 5,6±0,2 s pour la solution de (Clerodendrum splendens + Nephrolepsis bisserata) respectivement aux doses de 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml et 15 mg/ml. Cependant à la 150éme minute, notre extrait a fortement prolongé les temps de retrait de la queue des souris avec des moyennes de 8±0,4, 10,6±0,5 et 12,2±0,4 s (respectivement aux doses de 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml et 15 mg/ml) par rapport à celui de la morphine (6,2±0,2 s). L’effet analgésique de Clerodendrum splendens et Nephrolepsis bisserata justifierait l’utilisation de ces deux espèces de plantes par les populations pour soulager la douleur. \u0000 \u0000The general aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroethanol extracts of Clerodendrum splendens and Nephrolepsis bisserata. This evaluation was carried out using the Writhing test induced by 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally and the tail immersion test in mice. Paracetamol at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight (bw) and hydroethanol extract were administered orally. Morphine at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw was administered intraperitoneally. The results showed that extracts of Clerodendrum splendens and Nephrolepsis bisserata administered at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg bw each presented inhibition percentages of 56.44; 61.28; 98.39, 98.39, 87.10; 95.16 respectively versus 91, 93 for paracetamol. At times T30, morphine greatly prolonged tail withdrawal in mice, with an average of 8.6±0.2 s versus 3.6±0.2 s, 4.4±0.5 s and 5.6±0.2 s for our (NB+CS) solution at doses of 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 15mg/ml respectively. However, at the 150th minute, our extract greatly prolonged the tail withdrawal times of the mice, with averages of 8±0.4, 10.6±0.5 and 12.2±0.4 s (at doses of 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 15mg/ml respectively) compared with morphine (6.2±0.2 s). The analgesic effect of Clerodendrum splendens and Nephrolepsis bisserata justifies their use by local populations to relieve pain.","PeriodicalId":12225,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal, ESJ","volume":"2001 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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