Farmakologiia i toksikologiia最新文献

One-day isolation of male albino mice of SHR strain significantly increased the level of social behaviour measured by the number and total duration of active contacts (sniffings). A putative endogenous anxiogen beta-phenylethylamine (5-12.5 mg/kg) inhibited the communication like human anxiogens corazole (10 mg/kg) and caffeine (200 mg/kg). Diazepam (1 mg/kg) prevented the action of phenylethylamine, phenibut (10-50 mg/kg) exerted no effect on it. The social isolation test during studying anxiogens and anxiolytics can be performed on mice as previously on rats.

Depending on the duration of existence in the organism, aralosid A (due to hydrolytic splitting) forms sequentially intermediate metabolites--biosid, monosid of oleanolic acid. The final metabolite of aralosid A is oleanolic acid which appears in the blood 20 hours after the drug administration and disappears completely within the following 4 hours.

The experiments on albino rats with the use of the radioimmunoassay showed that M-cholinoblockers (atropine, amizil, glypine) decrease the contents of enkephalins and beta-endorphin in the brain and blood whereas M-cholinomimetics (arecoline, nicotine, physostigmine) increase the level of opioid neuropeptides. This suggested that between cholinoblockers and cholinomimetics there is not only functional but also biochemical antagonism at the level of the opiate system. In addition, the statement is developed that toxic effects of cholinoblockers and cholinomimetics are largely related to disturbances of metabolism and function of opioid neuropeptides.

Caffeine (0.1 g) was shown to increase the variability of the heart rate (parameters of the cardiointervalogram) in 10 healthy women irrespective of their vegetative and hormonal status. The combined use of caffeine and cardiointervalogram reveals "risk phases" in the ovarian cycle of women, accompanied by tension of the adaptive mechanisms. This makes it possible to recommend such combination as an adequate test for the evaluation of the state of the adaptive systems in health and disease.

The levels of neuromediators, neurohormones and the parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in 100 patients suffering from chronic alcoholism were studied before and after the use of the corresponding stimulants and blockers of these biological systems. The pathogenetic significance of disturbed interactions of the neuroendocrine and immune systems in chronic alcoholism was established. The ways of search for means of treating alcoholism are determined.

The NMR spectroscopy has advantages over other techniques in studying the structure, kinetics and thermodynamics of rapid processes, complex formation and metabolism reactions in the solution. NMR is used for investigating the structure of biologically active substances and drugs, the mechanism of their action as it permits the establishment of chemical shifts of single nuclei in the molecule, the constants of spin-spin interaction, the time of relaxation.

In experimental myocardial infarction in dogs caused by 60-minute occlusion of the coronary artery with the subsequent 24-hour reperfusion, the administration of quercetin solution (50 mg/kg) was found to improve the contractile function of the left ventricular myocardium, to decrease the incidence of heart rate and conductivity disorders, to contribute to limitation of the ischemic damage area, to exert the protective effect on the ultrastructure of the coronary arteries that can promote the preservation of the vessels' integrity, the improvement of the coronary circulation and the prevention of intravascular thrombus formation.

The intensity of metabolism of hexenal, amidopyrine, phenacetin, promedol, acetone, hydrocortisone, testosterone and prostaglandin E2 by the isolated microsomes of the liver, kidneys, small intestinal mucosa and lungs was studied polarographically by the rate of oxygen absorption in experiments on 20 male rabbits four days following partial hepatectomy and liver ischemia. It was found that with both models of the liver damage there was observed a decrease of metabolism of amidopyrine, hexenal, phenacetin and an increase of metabolism of hydrocortisone and prostaglandin E2. In the lungs one could observe an increase of metabolism of the studies drugs following hepatectomy and its inhibition in liver ischemia. In the kidneys and intestine in both types of the liver damage contradirected changes in drug metabolism being of the compensatory character were observed.