Farmakologiia i toksikologiia最新文献

The experiments on rats with toxic lesions of the liver induced by tetrachlorinemethane showed that parmidine (pyridinolcarbamat) promotes the reduction of the activity of lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue homogenates and erythrocytes. The pronounced tendency towards normalization of free-radical oxidation correlated with the positive dynamics of the histological picture of the liver.

In the experiments on rats of different ages it was found that the analgesic effect of clopheline was stronger in the adult animals as compared with 1-month-old ones. Against the background of the operative trauma (laparotomy) the inversion of the effect occurs, namely clopheline exerts a more potent analgesic effect of clopheline in young animals. Simultaneously in the young animals there is observed suppression of the memory processes based on the nociceptive reinforcement. The potentiation of the analgesic effect of clopheline in 1-month-old animals is followed by an increase of the activity of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the brain cortex the degree of which (two times) corresponds to the rise of the analgesic effect.

The condition of oxidative phosphorylation in the rat brain mitochondria was studied polarographically in dynamics of the brain traumatic edema. It was found that 24 hours after the trauma the rate of oxidation in mitochondria decreased and the degree of conjugation in the respiratory chain compensatorily increased. Piracetam (1 g/kg), phenibut (50 mg/kg) and to a lesser degree sodium oxybutyrate (0.2 g/kg) prevented the 'changes and enhanced the compensatory capacities of mitochondria during the development of traumatic edema of the brain.

The effect of calipsol on the course of pregnancy and the embryonal development in albino rats was studied. It was found that single injections of the drug in a dose of 200 mg/kg on the 7th or 8th day of pregnancy induced no disorders in the pregnancy course and the embryonal development. At the administration in a dose of 40.0 mg/kg on the 11th, 13th, 15th days of pregnancy calipsol was shown to exert a marked embryolethal action and at the administration on the 7th, 9th, 11th days of pregnancy in doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg increased the number of fetuses with hemorrhages into the internal organs.

The data obtained during the complex clinical and instrumental investigation of the hemodynamics in patients with the syndrome of portal and pulmonary hypertension against the background of acute drug tests with nitrosorbide, corinfar and obsidan, are presented. By using modern ultrasound and rheographic techniques, the degree and the relationship of portal and pulmonary hypertensions in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver are evaluated, the criteria of their early diagnosis are characterized. There was shown a positive action on the renal blood flow of nitrosorbide, an improvement of the pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with diseases of the liver against the background of corinfar exerting no influence on the hepatic blood flow. Obsidan induced a significant decrease of both portal and pulmonary hypertensions, normalization of the total hemodynamics thereby producing the greatest positive effect.

A new pathogenetically grounded approach to the treatment of resistant forms of epilepsy is proposed. Digoxin suppresses the activity of experimental epileptogenic foci produced in the hippocampus of animals (frogs and rats) and also convulsions induced by corazol, bemegrid or electroshock. The antiepileptic and anticonvulsant activity of the drug was confirmed during its clinical testing on 20 children with grave forms of epilepsy which were resistant to the known antiepileptic drugs. The positive therapeutic effect was obtained in 42% of the cases.

The effects of carbamazepine and valproic acid on disturbances of behaviour, elimination of ethanol, acetaldehyde from the blood, the contents of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and histamine in the brain and blood in alcoholic postintoxication syndrome were studied on male albino rats. Carbamazepine and valproic acid were shown to reduce the behavioural manifestations of the syndrome, to increase elimination of ethanol and acetaldehyde, to normalize the levels of the mediators in the brain tissues, particularly in the thalamus.

The effects of antidepressants amitriptyline and pyrazidol on the analgesic action of acupuncture in patients with lumbosacral radiculitis was studied by the double blind control method. The combined use of acupuncture with antidepressants was shown to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment, to increase on the average by 5-6 hours the duration of analgesia within 24 hours after each procedure, to reduce the duration of the treatment on the average by 4-5 days, that indicates the expediency of clinical use of the proposed combination.