Farmakologiia i toksikologiia最新文献

The history of pharmacology at the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology is presented. The Institute was set up in 1797. The founder of the Institute and its first director was N. M. Maksimovich-Ambodik, a brilliant obstetrician and pharmacologist. The activities of D. O. Ott who became the director in 1893 was of great importance for the development of the Institute. In 1948 the Institute was included into the system of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1966 the Laboratory of Pharmacology was organized. The main trends of the research performed at the Laboratory and the results are characterized.

During in vitro and in situ experiments ethacrynic acid was shown to reduce the gastric secretion in rats, motility of the small intestine in rats and mice, contractions of the ileum of guinea pigs in response to histamine and acetylcholine. The intestinal water and electrolyte absorption in rats decreased too. All these effects of ethacrynic acid are extrarenal.

A brief review of the experimental data on the energy-yielding effects of pentose-phosphate cycle metabolites is presented. The cardiotropic effects of NADP, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, D-ribose and ribose-5-phosphate were analysed with relation to their influence on viability of the ischemic myocardium.

Recently the article by V. A. Gor'kov and Iu. F. Krylov has been published (Farmakol. i. Toksikol.--1989.--No. 6.--p. 19-25) in which some methodical problems of pharmacokinetics were considered as well as the question of the subject of the discipline. The alternative viewpoint of some of the covered problems is presented. In particular, the opinion of the priority of the applied trend in pharmacokinetics over the fundamental one is contested.

The data on immunodepressants most commonly used in the Soviet Union in the diseases caused by disorders in normal function of the immune system are presented. Such drugs as cyclosporine A, cyclophosphan, azatioprine, 6-mercaptopurine are considered. Emphasis is given to the mechanism of the primary pharmacological response of the drugs to the immunocompetent cells, the grounding of their clinical use, dosage and mechanisms of possible side effects.

The administration of testosterone and metandrostenolone to male rats in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for 10 days produced a decrease of the thymus mass and a reduction of the thymic serum factor content. A phytoecdisteroid ecdisterone not possessing the androgenic activity fails to influence the thymus mass and the content of the thymic serum factor.

In view of the fact that therapy of affective psychoses with the combination of lithium carbonate with carbamazepine has been becoming ever common, the question arises about the influence of carbamazepine on plasma lithium concentration. On the material of 125 blood samples by using the method of dispersion analysis it was shown that carbamazepine exerts no effect on this parameter. Therefore when carbamazepine is added to lithium therapy it is not advisable to decrease lithium dose as it can result in a reduction of the therapeutic effect.

The efficacy of sermion was studied in 41 patients of the middle and elderly ages. The reactive changes in the parameters of the cerebral circulation (the frontomastoidal RhEG), total hemodynamics, frequency-integration characteristics of EEG and visual evoked potentials at the administration of 2 mg and 4 mg of sermion were shown. There are given recommendations for the differential approach to the choice of the drug doses in the elderly persons taking into consideration the parameters of the background reactivity of the CNS and the state of vascular regulation.

The antiacidotic and cardioprotective effects of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and fructose-1,6-diphosphate were compared in experiments of rats. It was found that the both compounds exhibit the antiacidotic effect on the model of metabolic acidosis in the isolated hypoxic heart, decrease the excess-lactate degree, increase ATP level in the myocardium and reduce the size of the necrosis area 4 hours after the modelling of myocardial infarction. The significance of the antiacidotic component in the mechanism of the cardioprotective action of the energy-supplying agents is concluded.