{"title":"Molecular mechanisms in psoriasis: historical perspective and current pathogenesis","authors":"D. Sauder, M. Sauder","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78186706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current therapeutic concepts of acne vulgaris have to consider that acne is now understood as a primary inflammatory and chronic disease aggravated by genetic, microbial and environmental factors. Recent developments still focus on topical fixed combinations of substances with complementary effects in order to optimize efficacy without promoting bacterial resistance, which is a major concern resulting from inadequate use of antibiotics. New innovative therapeutic targets of acne pathophysiology are rare. Easy, convenient application and patient education are the basis to ensure patient adherence, which has been identified as a vital factor of therapeutic success of this chronic disease. The implementation of the European evidence-based S3 guidelines represents a major advancement in supporting therapeutic decisions based on literature review instead of expert opinion alone and traded therapy concepts.
{"title":"Recent therapeutic developments for acne","authors":"A. Thielitz, H. Gollnick","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.70","url":null,"abstract":"Current therapeutic concepts of acne vulgaris have to consider that acne is now understood as a primary inflammatory and chronic disease aggravated by genetic, microbial and environmental factors. Recent developments still focus on topical fixed combinations of substances with complementary effects in order to optimize efficacy without promoting bacterial resistance, which is a major concern resulting from inadequate use of antibiotics. New innovative therapeutic targets of acne pathophysiology are rare. Easy, convenient application and patient education are the basis to ensure patient adherence, which has been identified as a vital factor of therapeutic success of this chronic disease. The implementation of the European evidence-based S3 guidelines represents a major advancement in supporting therapeutic decisions based on literature review instead of expert opinion alone and traded therapy concepts.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90384685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lyme disease is currently the most common tick-borne disease in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi is a slow growing, microaerophile, Gram-negative spirochete. The spirochete is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus species complex. Borreliosis has a variety of presentations at different stages of infection. It often leads to various skin affections, but it might also compromise multiple organs, especially the central and peripheral nervous system, joints and muscles. The diagnostic detection methods for this organism in skin biopsies have recently been improved with focus ‘floating microscopy’ and allowed the reliable detection of spirochetes in other ‘non classical’ skin disorders. Although Lyme disease has been known for almost 20 years, the known spectrum of its skin manifestations is continuously expanding and cannot be regarded as completed. Therapeutic choices are variegated and should be adequately chosen regarding the clinical manifestation.
{"title":"Cutaneous and systemic Lyme disease","authors":"J. Deluca, K. Eisendle, B. Zelger","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.71","url":null,"abstract":"Lyme disease is currently the most common tick-borne disease in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi is a slow growing, microaerophile, Gram-negative spirochete. The spirochete is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus species complex. Borreliosis has a variety of presentations at different stages of infection. It often leads to various skin affections, but it might also compromise multiple organs, especially the central and peripheral nervous system, joints and muscles. The diagnostic detection methods for this organism in skin biopsies have recently been improved with focus ‘floating microscopy’ and allowed the reliable detection of spirochetes in other ‘non classical’ skin disorders. Although Lyme disease has been known for almost 20 years, the known spectrum of its skin manifestations is continuously expanding and cannot be regarded as completed. Therapeutic choices are variegated and should be adequately chosen regarding the clinical manifestation.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77824898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for International Surgery in cooperation with the Swiss Society of Dermatology and VenereologyLucerne, Switzerland, 18–20 October 2012The 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Dermatologic Surgery was held in conjunction with the Swiss Society of Dermatology and Venereology, which was also responsible for the scientific organization of this year’s conference. Jurg Hafner, Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich (Switzerland), the current president of the Swiss Society was also the congress president together with Joseph Alcalay, Mohs Surgery Unit, Assuta Medical Center (Tel-Aviv, Israel), the outgoing president of the International Society for Dermatologic Surgery. They were supported by Andreas Skaria, Department of Dermatology, University of Berne (Switzerland) and Kai Munte, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) who were the responsible persons of the scientific committee. Gunter Burg, Professor Emeritus,...
{"title":"Connecting the world through dermatologic and aesthetic surgery","authors":"E. Haneke","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.75","url":null,"abstract":"33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for International Surgery in cooperation with the Swiss Society of Dermatology and VenereologyLucerne, Switzerland, 18–20 October 2012The 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Dermatologic Surgery was held in conjunction with the Swiss Society of Dermatology and Venereology, which was also responsible for the scientific organization of this year’s conference. Jurg Hafner, Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich (Switzerland), the current president of the Swiss Society was also the congress president together with Joseph Alcalay, Mohs Surgery Unit, Assuta Medical Center (Tel-Aviv, Israel), the outgoing president of the International Society for Dermatologic Surgery. They were supported by Andreas Skaria, Department of Dermatology, University of Berne (Switzerland) and Kai Munte, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) who were the responsible persons of the scientific committee. Gunter Burg, Professor Emeritus,...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84170387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has challenged conventional models of cancer initiation and growth. The hypothesis not only maintains that cancers consist of heterogeneous cell populations, but it also proposes that cancers harbor a unique population of cells that retain an increased capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. Dubbed CSCs may also possess a propensity for tumor initiation and propagation when transplanted into immunocompromised mice, thereby earning them two additional designations: cancer initiating cells and tumor initiating cells. It has been proposed that current cancer treatment modalities target non-CSCs, which comprise the bulk of the tumor. Following tumor debulking, CSCs may remain viable due to intrinsic survival mechanisms and chemoresistance [1,2]. In the 1990s, Dick described a subset of human leukemic cells that retained the capacity to self-renew and differentiate [3]. Following the identification of CSCs in acute myelogenous leukemia and other hematologic malignancies, numerous reports of CSCs in solid organ tumors surfaced. The gold standard assay to validate the presence of a candidate CSC subpopulation that fulfills the criteria of ‘self-renewal’ (serially transplantable) and ‘differentiation’ (generating heterogeneous lineages recapitulating an original tumor) is serial transplantation of tumor cells in an immunocompromised mouse model [1,2,4]. Thus far, these CSCs have been identified and characterized by specific cell-surface markers. In the context of human melanoma, cell-surface markers such as CD133 [5], ABCB5 [6], and CD271 [7] have been used to identify a phenotypically distinct CSC in the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse model. Despite a large body of evidence supporting the presence of CSCs in other cancers and the identification of the aforementioned melanoma CSC surface markers, the existence of CSCs in human melanoma has remained controversial. In two seminal studies, Quintana et al. [8,9] used a highly immunocompromised NOD/SCID IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mouse model to demonstrate an increased frequency of tumorigenic cells, such that one in four human melanoma cells were tumorigenic. The NSG model is unique in that residual natural killer cell activity which characterizes the NOD/SCID mouse has been eliminated. Some have used these data to reject the existence of CSCs in human melanoma, while others consider that multiple CSC populations can coexist within a tumor. The studies also failed to identify a cell surface marker which reliably correlated with tumorigenic capacity, including previously described markers for CSCs in human melanoma in the NOD/SCID model (ABCB5, CD271, CD133). It should be noted, however, that the aforementioned studies did not examine high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a key intracellular CSC marker thought to be less vulnerable to CSC isolation procedures. Furthermore, Quintana et al. did not conduct in vivo serial t
{"title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes: markers of cancer stem cells in human melanoma.","authors":"Nicholas T. Nguyen, Yuchun Luo, M. Fujita","doi":"10.1586/EDM.13.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.13.2","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has challenged conventional models of cancer initiation and growth. The hypothesis not only maintains that cancers consist of heterogeneous cell populations, but it also proposes that cancers harbor a unique population of cells that retain an increased capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. Dubbed CSCs may also possess a propensity for tumor initiation and propagation when transplanted into immunocompromised mice, thereby earning them two additional designations: cancer initiating cells and tumor initiating cells. It has been proposed that current cancer treatment modalities target non-CSCs, which comprise the bulk of the tumor. Following tumor debulking, CSCs may remain viable due to intrinsic survival mechanisms and chemoresistance [1,2]. In the 1990s, Dick described a subset of human leukemic cells that retained the capacity to self-renew and differentiate [3]. Following the identification of CSCs in acute myelogenous leukemia and other hematologic malignancies, numerous reports of CSCs in solid organ tumors surfaced. The gold standard assay to validate the presence of a candidate CSC subpopulation that fulfills the criteria of ‘self-renewal’ (serially transplantable) and ‘differentiation’ (generating heterogeneous lineages recapitulating an original tumor) is serial transplantation of tumor cells in an immunocompromised mouse model [1,2,4]. Thus far, these CSCs have been identified and characterized by specific cell-surface markers. In the context of human melanoma, cell-surface markers such as CD133 [5], ABCB5 [6], and CD271 [7] have been used to identify a phenotypically distinct CSC in the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse model. Despite a large body of evidence supporting the presence of CSCs in other cancers and the identification of the aforementioned melanoma CSC surface markers, the existence of CSCs in human melanoma has remained controversial. In two seminal studies, Quintana et al. [8,9] used a highly immunocompromised NOD/SCID IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mouse model to demonstrate an increased frequency of tumorigenic cells, such that one in four human melanoma cells were tumorigenic. The NSG model is unique in that residual natural killer cell activity which characterizes the NOD/SCID mouse has been eliminated. Some have used these data to reject the existence of CSCs in human melanoma, while others consider that multiple CSC populations can coexist within a tumor. The studies also failed to identify a cell surface marker which reliably correlated with tumorigenic capacity, including previously described markers for CSCs in human melanoma in the NOD/SCID model (ABCB5, CD271, CD133). It should be noted, however, that the aforementioned studies did not examine high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a key intracellular CSC marker thought to be less vulnerable to CSC isolation procedures. Furthermore, Quintana et al. did not conduct in vivo serial t","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80899137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.856690
Reza Nejati, Diane Kovacic, Andrzej Slominski
For many years, skin was just thought of as a barrier to protect against a variety of insults from the external environment. Our body’s largest organ is gradually revealing itself to be a complex organ involved in multiple neuro-immuno-endocrine functions [1,2]. Skin functionally consists of two compartments: the epidermis with keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells and the dermis composed of fibroblasts/fibrocytes, nerve endings, vasculature and immune cells. It has been shown that the skin, with its various components, has the ability to communicate and regulate itself through the production of various cytokines, neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine hormones and their corresponding receptors. These neuro-immuno-endocrine functions are tightly networked to central regulatory systems [1]. Considering the fact that the skin is the front-line barrier of external stressors, such as solar radiation and bacteria, it seems logical that the skin has developed an effective sensory and signaling system to differentially react to changes in the external environment. These capabilities allow it to protect, restore and maintain the local and global homeostasis that is crucial for survival [2]. The skin complexity would be surprising if we did not remember that its embryologic ectodermal-derived sibling is the brain. We will briefly discus some of these axes here.
{"title":"Neuro-immune-endocrine functions of the skin: an overview.","authors":"Reza Nejati, Diane Kovacic, Andrzej Slominski","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.856690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.856690","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, skin was just thought of as a barrier to protect against a variety of insults from the external environment. Our body’s largest organ is gradually revealing itself to be a complex organ involved in multiple neuro-immuno-endocrine functions [1,2]. Skin functionally consists of two compartments: the epidermis with keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells and the dermis composed of fibroblasts/fibrocytes, nerve endings, vasculature and immune cells. It has been shown that the skin, with its various components, has the ability to communicate and regulate itself through the production of various cytokines, neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine hormones and their corresponding receptors. These neuro-immuno-endocrine functions are tightly networked to central regulatory systems [1]. Considering the fact that the skin is the front-line barrier of external stressors, such as solar radiation and bacteria, it seems logical that the skin has developed an effective sensory and signaling system to differentially react to changes in the external environment. These capabilities allow it to protect, restore and maintain the local and global homeostasis that is crucial for survival [2]. The skin complexity would be surprising if we did not remember that its embryologic ectodermal-derived sibling is the brain. We will briefly discus some of these axes here.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1586/17469872.2013.856690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32168826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By integrating the clinical features of a skin lesion and its histological findings, dermatopathologists are usually able to correctly diagnose most skin disorders. However, situations often arise where clinical appearance and impression from a superficial histopathologic examination are misleading and may direct to a completely erroneous diagnosis. These pitfalls in diagnosis are most significant when they involve various tumors with a malignant potential. In these diseases, a misdiagnosis is likely to have serious medical consequences. It is important to be aware of these specific histological mimickers, because only then may the dermatopathologist be able to detect the subtle changes that lead to a correct diagnosis. Clinical–pathological correlation is also essential. Entities that are prone to misdiagnosis can generally be divided into three categories: skin malignancies that resemble reactive conditions or benign neoplasms; benign conditions that masquerade as malignancies; and tumors that may be mi...
{"title":"Pitfalls in dermatopathology: when things are not what they seem","authors":"Taylor Deal, V. Mishra, B. Duong, A. Andea","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.56","url":null,"abstract":"By integrating the clinical features of a skin lesion and its histological findings, dermatopathologists are usually able to correctly diagnose most skin disorders. However, situations often arise where clinical appearance and impression from a superficial histopathologic examination are misleading and may direct to a completely erroneous diagnosis. These pitfalls in diagnosis are most significant when they involve various tumors with a malignant potential. In these diseases, a misdiagnosis is likely to have serious medical consequences. It is important to be aware of these specific histological mimickers, because only then may the dermatopathologist be able to detect the subtle changes that lead to a correct diagnosis. Clinical–pathological correlation is also essential. Entities that are prone to misdiagnosis can generally be divided into three categories: skin malignancies that resemble reactive conditions or benign neoplasms; benign conditions that masquerade as malignancies; and tumors that may be mi...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72855260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with abscess formation and scarring predominantly in the inverse areas. The disease is often difficult to treat and patients experience a decreased quality of life (QoL) and related psychosocial morbidity. Current knowledge on improving QoL in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa is therefore reviewed. The literature is limited but indicates that there are two ways of improving patients’ QoL: therapy of the somatic disease or psychosocial interventions.
{"title":"Improving quality of life in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a therapeutic view","authors":"D. N. Dufour, S. Esmann, G. Jemec","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.54","url":null,"abstract":"Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with abscess formation and scarring predominantly in the inverse areas. The disease is often difficult to treat and patients experience a decreased quality of life (QoL) and related psychosocial morbidity. Current knowledge on improving QoL in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa is therefore reviewed. The literature is limited but indicates that there are two ways of improving patients’ QoL: therapy of the somatic disease or psychosocial interventions.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75870995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Wolosker, Mariana Krutman, P. Kauffman, J. R. M. D. Campos, P. Puech-Leão
Hyperhidrosis is a condition that affects 3% of the general population and intereferes in social, professional and emotional spheres. A growing awareness of this condition and the possibility of treatment have led to an increase in patient demand for effective therapeutic measures. Up until the present moment, thoracoscopic sympathectomy is still the most efficient option for a definite control of excessive sweating. The authors will review the history of sympathectomy, basic anatomical and physiological details and discuss the main indication for video-assisted thoracoscopy sympathectomy (essential hyperhidrosis), summarizing technical details, surgical results and complications, as well as alternatives to sympathectomy.
{"title":"Review of the surgical technique for the treatment of hyperhidrosis","authors":"N. Wolosker, Mariana Krutman, P. Kauffman, J. R. M. D. Campos, P. Puech-Leão","doi":"10.1586/EDM.12.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/EDM.12.61","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperhidrosis is a condition that affects 3% of the general population and intereferes in social, professional and emotional spheres. A growing awareness of this condition and the possibility of treatment have led to an increase in patient demand for effective therapeutic measures. Up until the present moment, thoracoscopic sympathectomy is still the most efficient option for a definite control of excessive sweating. The authors will review the history of sympathectomy, basic anatomical and physiological details and discuss the main indication for video-assisted thoracoscopy sympathectomy (essential hyperhidrosis), summarizing technical details, surgical results and complications, as well as alternatives to sympathectomy.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75793861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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