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Simplifying the Measurement of College Students' Career Planning: the Development of Career Student Planning Scale during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 简化大学生职业生涯规划的测量:新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生职业生涯规划量表的编制

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.69

Xiaoping Wang, Magnus A Gray, Minsung Kim, Seungyeon Lee

We created a new, 8-item scale called "Career Student Planning Scale (CSPS)" for a valid and reliable measure regarding college students' career planning during a traumatic event, such as a pandemic. CSPS is conceptually similar to the career decision-making difficulty questionnaire (CDDQ) and the career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) scale. CSPS leans towards questions about college students' perceptions about career planning, rather than intuitions about career decision-making; it also inquires about how participants conceptualize about their career plans to be correct, rather than the more extreme idea about how their intuitions are correct: we developed this scale to capture the latter construct. We included the coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS), CDDQ, the general procrastination scale (GPS), and the CDSE short form (CDSE-SF) as covariates to ensure that CSPS has distinct effects on their career paths. Our findings indicate the CSPS has acceptable psychometric properties and demonstrates a valuable input to those measures.

我们创建了一个新的8项量表，称为“职业生涯学生规划量表(CSPS)”，用于有效可靠地衡量大学生在创伤事件(如流行病)期间的职业规划。CSPS在概念上与职业决策困难问卷(CDDQ)和职业决策自我效能量表(CDSE)相似。CSPS倾向于询问大学生对职业规划的看法，而不是对职业决策的直觉;它还询问了参与者如何对他们的职业规划进行概念化，而不是关于他们的直觉如何正确的更极端的想法:我们开发了这个量表来捕捉后者的结构。我们将冠状病毒焦虑量表(CAS)、CDDQ、一般拖延量表(GPS)和CDSE简式量表(CDSE- sf)作为协变量，以确保CSPS对他们的职业道路有明显的影响。我们的研究结果表明，CSPS具有可接受的心理测量特性，并为这些测量提供了有价值的输入。

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引用次数: 8

Notes on the Hodge conjecture for Fermat varieties 关于费马变体的霍奇猜想的注解

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.14

Genival da Silva

Abstract We review a combinatoric approach to the Hodge conjecture for Fermat varieties and announce new cases where the conjecture is true. We show the Hodge conjecture for Fermat fourfolds $ {X}_m^4 $ of degree m ≤ 100 coprime to 6, and also prove the conjecture for $ {X}_{21}^n $ and $ {X}_{27}^n $, for all n.

摘要我们回顾了费马变量的霍奇猜想的一种组合方法，并宣布了该猜想成立的新情况。我们证明了m≤100次的费马四倍$ {X}_m^4 $的质数为6的Hodge猜想，并证明了$ {X}_{21}^n $和$ {X}_{27}^n $对所有n的Hodge猜想。

引用次数: 1

Rapid shortening of survival duration in early fatal cases of COVID-19, Wuhan, China. 中国武汉，COVID-19早期死亡病例生存时间迅速缩短。

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.73

Michael Nevels, Yuzhou Zhang, Hilary Bambrick, Shilu Tong, Stephen B Lambert, Wenbiao Hu

Severe COVID-19 cases place immediate pressure on hospital resources. To assess this, we analysed survival duration in the first 39 fatal cases in Wuhan, China. Time from onset and hospitalization to death declined rapidly, from ~40 to 7 days, and ~25 to 4 days, respectively, in the outbreak's first month.

严重的COVID-19病例给医院资源带来了直接压力。为了评估这一点，我们分析了中国武汉前39例死亡病例的生存时间。从发病和住院到死亡的时间迅速缩短，在疫情的第一个月分别从40天和25天和4天缩短。

引用次数: 0

Prevalence, risk factors and sources of anxiety among Emergency Department healthcare workers in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic: A single center survey 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间巴基斯坦急诊科医护人员的患病率、风险因素和焦虑来源:单中心调查

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.68

N. Haroon, S. S. Owais, A. Khan, J. Amin

Summary COVID-19 has challenged the mental health of healthcare workers confronting it world-wide. Our study identifies the prevalence and risk of anxiety among emergency healthcare workers confronting COVID-19 in Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an Emergency Department using the Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), and questions about sources of anxiety. Of 107 participants, 61.7% were frontline workers. The prevalence of anxiety was 50.5%. Nonparametric tests determined that nurses, younger and inexperienced staff, developed significant anxiety. Multivariate ordinal regression determined independent risk factors for developing anxiety were younger age (OR 2.11, 95% CI 0.89–4.99) and frontline placement (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.33–1.66). Significant sources of stress were fear of infecting family (P = 0.003), lack of social support when the health care providers were themselves unwell (P = 0.02) and feelings of inadequate work performance (P = 0.05). Our study finds that HCWs’ anxiety is considerable. Appropriate measures for its alleviation and prevention are required.

2019冠状病毒病对全球面临疫情的医护人员的心理健康构成了挑战。我们的研究确定了巴基斯坦面对COVID-19的紧急医护人员中焦虑的患病率和风险。我们在急诊科使用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)进行了一项横断面调查，并询问了焦虑的来源。在107名参与者中，61.7%是一线工人。焦虑患病率为50.5%。非参数测试确定，年轻和缺乏经验的护士出现了显著的焦虑。多变量有序回归确定发生焦虑的独立危险因素为年龄更小(OR 2.11, 95% CI 0.89-4.99)和一线位置(OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.33-1.66)。主要的压力来源是害怕感染家人(P = 0.003)、当医护人员自己身体不适时缺乏社会支持(P = 0.02)和感觉工作表现不佳(P = 0.05)。我们的研究发现医护人员的焦虑是相当大的。需要采取适当的措施来减轻和预防这种情况。

引用次数: 0

Internal reliability, homogeneity, and factor structure of the ten-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10) with two additional response categories 带有两个附加反应类别的十项自闭症谱系商(AQ-10)的内部信度、同质性和因子结构

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.70

Alex Bertrams

Abstract The ten-item short form of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10) has been used to efficiently assess autistic traits in the general population; however, the psychometric properties of the AQ-10 in terms of its internal reliability and its unifactorial structure have recently been questioned. In the present study (N = 797), whether the internal reliability is increased when the AQ-10 is applied with six rather than the conventional four response categories has been investigated. Moreover, correlational and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the reason for potential inhomogeneity within the AQ-10. The results suggest that the internal reliability of the AQ-10 was slightly increased but is still unsatisfactory, likely due to the incompatibility of items from two subdimensions: attention to detail and imagination. With six of the AQ-10 items, crucial aspects of the autistic personality may be measured, but other important aspects would be neglected; thus, the measure requires further psychometric development.

摘要自闭症谱系商(Autism-Spectrum Quotient, AQ-10)的十项简写形式已被用于有效评估普通人群的自闭症特征;然而，在其内部信度和单因子结构方面，AQ-10的心理测量特性最近受到质疑。在本研究中(N = 797)，研究了当AQ-10应用于六个而不是传统的四个反应类别时，是否会增加内部信度。此外，我们还进行了相关因素分析和验证性因素分析，以检验aq10内部潜在不均匀性的原因。结果表明，AQ-10的内部信度略有提高，但仍不令人满意，可能是由于两个子维度的项目不相容:注意细节和想象力。对于其中的六个问题，自闭症人格的关键方面可能会被测量，但其他重要方面会被忽略;因此，该测量方法需要进一步的心理测量学发展。

引用次数: 8

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Subtropical Agriculture Fields Decrease Over Time 亚热带农田温室气体排放随时间减少

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.48

T. Fall, Katie Heiden, A. Smyth, Z. Brym

Abstract Expansion of cultivated lands and field management impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture soils. Soils naturally cycle GHGs and can be sources or sinks depending on physical and chemical properties affected by cultivation and management status. We looked at how cultivation history influences GHG emissions from subtropical soils. We measured CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes, and soil properties from newly converted and continuously cultivated lands during the summer rainy season in calcareous soils from south Florida. Newly converted soils had more soil organic matter (OM), more moisture, higher porosity, and lower bulk density, leading to more GHG emissions compared to historically cultivated soils. Although more nutrients make newly converted lands more desirable for cultivation, conversion of new areas for agriculture was shown to release more GHGs than cultivated lands. Our data suggest that GHG emissions from agricultural soils may decrease over time with continued cultivation.

耕地扩张和农田管理影响农业土壤温室气体排放。土壤自然循环温室气体，根据受种植和管理状况影响的物理和化学性质，可以是源或汇。我们研究了种植历史如何影响亚热带土壤的温室气体排放。在夏季雨季，我们测量了南佛罗里达钙质土壤中新转化和连续耕地的CO2、N2O和CH4通量以及土壤性质。新转化土壤具有更多的土壤有机质(OM)、更多的水分、更高的孔隙度和更低的容重，与历史上耕作的土壤相比，导致更多的温室气体排放。虽然更多的营养物质使新转化的土地更适合耕种，但研究表明，将新转化为农业的地区释放的温室气体比耕地更多。我们的数据表明，农业土壤的温室气体排放可能随着时间的推移而减少。

引用次数: 2

Addressing the statistical analysis dilemma that exists when analyzing clinical trial results with full efficacy using the Kaplan Meier survival analysis method 解决Kaplan Meier生存分析方法在分析全疗效临床试验结果时存在的统计分析困境

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.21

Pimnara Peerawaranun, Rob W. van der Pluijm, M. Mukaka

The use of a Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival time approach is generally considered appropriate to report antimalarial efficacy trials. However, when a treatment arm has 100% efficacy, confidence intervals may not be computed. Furthermore, methods that use probability rules to handle missing data for instance by multiple imputation, encounter perfect prediction problem when a treatment arm has full efficacy, in which case all imputed values are either treatment success or all imputed values are failures. The use of a survival K–M method addresses this imputation problem in estimating the efficacy estimates also referred to as cure rates. We discuss the statistical challenges and propose a potential way forward. The proposed approach includes the use of K–M estimates as the main measure of efficacy. Confidence intervals could be computed using the binomial exact method. p-Values for comparison of difference in efficacy between treatments can be estimated using Fisher’s exact test. We emphasize that when efficacy rates are not 100% in both groups, the K–M approach remains the main strategy of analysis considering its statistical robustness in handling missing data and confidence intervals can be computed under such scenarios.

使用Kaplan-Meier (K-M)生存时间法通常被认为适合报告抗疟疗效试验。然而，当一个治疗组有100%的疗效时，可信区间可能无法计算。此外，使用概率规则处理缺失数据的方法，例如通过多次imputation，在治疗臂完全有效时遇到完美预测问题，在这种情况下，所有的输入值要么是治疗成功，要么是所有的输入值都是失败。生存K-M方法的使用解决了在估计疗效估计(也称为治愈率)时的这种归算问题。我们讨论了统计方面的挑战，并提出了可能的前进方向。建议的方法包括使用K-M估计作为有效性的主要衡量标准。置信区间可以用二项精确法计算。比较不同治疗间疗效差异的p值可以使用Fisher精确检验估计。我们强调，当两组的有效率都不是100%时，考虑到K-M方法处理缺失数据的统计稳健性和在这种情况下可以计算置信区间，K-M方法仍然是主要的分析策略。

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引用次数: 1

The potential use of pumice in mine backfill 浮石在矿山充填中的潜在应用

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.61

M. Hefni

Abstract The use of natural pozzolans in concrete applications is gaining more attention because of the associated environmental, economic, and technical benefits. In this study, reference cemented mine backfill samples were prepared using Portland cement, and experimental samples were prepared by partially replacing Portland cement with 10 or 20 wt.% fly ash as a byproduct (artificial) pozzolan or pumice as a natural pozzolan. Samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days to investigate uniaxial compressive strength development. Backfill samples containing 10 wt.% pumice had almost a similar compressive strength as reference samples. There is strong potential for pumice to be used in cemented backfill to minimize costs, improve backfill properties, and promote the sustainability of the mining industry.

摘要:天然火山灰在混凝土中的应用因其环境、经济和技术效益而受到越来越多的关注。在本研究中，参考胶结矿山充填体样品采用波特兰水泥制备，实验样品采用10%或20% wt.%的粉煤灰作为副产物(人造)火山灰或浮石作为天然火山灰部分替代波特兰水泥制备。样品分别固化7、14和28天，以研究单轴抗压强度的发展。含有10 wt.%浮石的充填体样品与参考样品具有几乎相似的抗压强度。浮石在胶结充填体中具有很大的应用潜力，可以降低成本，改善充填体性能，促进采矿业的可持续性。

引用次数: 2

The effect of hemicylindrical disruptors on the cell free layer thickness in animal blood flows inside microchannels 半圆柱形干扰物对微通道内动物血流中细胞自由层厚度的影响

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.60

Duarte Dias, Duarte Sampaio, Gonçalo Silva, V. Semião

Abstract Blood-side resistance to oxygen transport in extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenators (MBO) depends on fluid mechanics governing the laminar flow in very narrow channels, particularly the hemodynamics controlling the cell free layer (CFL) built-up at solid/blood interfaces. The CFL thickness constitutes a barrier to oxygen transport from the membrane towards the erythrocytes. Interposing hemicylindrical CFL disruptors in animal blood flows inside rectangular microchannels, surrogate systems of MBO mimicking their hemodynamics, proved to be effective in reducing (ca. 20%) such thickness (desirable for MBO to increase oxygen transport rates to the erythrocytes). The blockage ratio (non-dimensional measure of the disruptor penetration into the flow) increase is also effective in reducing CFL thickness (ca. 10–20%), but at the cost of risking clot formation (undesirable for MBO) for disruptors with penetration lengths larger than their radius, due to large residence times of erythrocytes inside a low-velocity CFL formed at the disruptor/wall edge.

体外膜血氧器(extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenators, MBO)对氧运输的血侧阻力取决于控制极窄通道层流的流体力学，特别是控制固体/血液界面上形成的细胞自由层(cell free layer, CFL)的血流动力学。CFL的厚度构成了氧气从细胞膜向红细胞运输的屏障。在矩形微通道内的动物血流中插入半圆柱形CFL干扰物，MBO模拟其血流动力学的替代系统，被证明可以有效减少(约20%)这种厚度(MBO需要增加向红细胞的氧运输速率)。阻塞比(干扰物渗透到流动中的无量程测量)的增加也可以有效地减少CFL厚度(约10-20%)，但对于穿透长度大于其半径的干扰物来说，这是有可能形成凝块的代价(对于MBO来说是不希望的)，因为在干扰物/壁边缘形成的低速CFL内红细胞的停留时间很长。

引用次数: 0

Entamoeba histolytica protein CaBP3 uses a calcium dependent nuclear localisation pathway in mammalian cells 溶组织内阿米巴蛋白CaBP3在哺乳动物细胞中使用钙依赖的核定位途径

Experimental Results

Pub Date : 2020-11-24 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.57

Kejun Wei, R. Ghildyal

Abstract Entamoeba histolytica is a major cause of dysentery that leads to a high level of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Calmodulin-like calcium binding protein EhCaBP3 of E. histolytica is directly involved in disease mechanisms with roles in cytoskeleton dynamics and scission during erythrophagocytosis in a calcium dependent fashion. Interestingly, EhCaBP3 is also present in the nucleus of E. histolytica. We have used a transfected cell system to show that EhCaBP3 is capable of calcium dependent nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Our data confirms and extends recent findings suggesting presence of a calcium dependent nuclear transport pathway in E. histolytica.

溶组织内阿米巴是导致高发病率和死亡率的痢疾的主要原因，特别是在发展中国家。溶组织绦虫的钙调素样钙结合蛋白EhCaBP3以钙依赖的方式直接参与红细胞吞噬过程中细胞骨架动力学和分裂的疾病机制。有趣的是，EhCaBP3也存在于溶组织芽胞杆菌的细胞核中。我们使用转染的细胞系统来证明EhCaBP3能够钙依赖性核胞质运输。我们的数据证实并扩展了最近的发现，表明溶组织芽胞杆菌中存在钙依赖的核运输途径。

引用次数: 0

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