Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.32447/20786662.39.2021.06
O. Lazarenko, V. Pospolitak
Вступ. Безперечно, безумовно, літій-іонний елемент живлення (ЛІЕЖ) є основною складовою транспортних засобів на альтернативних джерелах живлення. Але неодноразові дослідження ЛІЕЖ показали їхню надзвичайну пожежну небезпеку. Наступні дослідження показали, що для того, щоб уникнути використання неякісних ЛІЕЖ, необхідно впроваджувати нормативно-правову базу яка б обумовлювала порядок та методику їх тестування на предмет пожежної небезпеки. На жаль в Україні відсутні подібні стандарти та загалом є прогалина в напрямку досліджень пожежної небезпеки ЛІЕЖМета та задачі дослідження. Зважаючи на передовий досвід та актуальність питання проведення експери-ментальних та теоретичних досліджень з визначення пожежної небезпеки ЛІЕЖ, запропоновано провести низку експериментальних досліджень на ЛІЕЖ Panasonic NCR18650B, які широко застосовуються в автомобілях Tesla. Зокрема метою дослідження є провести низку експериментів, щоб визначити температурні показники, характер та тривалість горіння ЛІЕЖ внаслідок їх механічного пошкодження (стискання корпусу, пробиття гострим пред-метом) та дією надлишкових струмів (перезаряджання). В роботі запропоновано та описано порядок проведення випробування, необхідне обладнання для проведення експериментів та схеми його розміщення.Висновки. Представлення подібної методики випробування та результати проведених експериментів мо-жуть стати базою для створення та впровадження на теренах України власної методики випробування та тесту-вання ЛІЕЖ на предмет пожежної небезпеки. Проведення експериментальних досліджень на одиничних ЛІЕЖ дасть можливість здійснити планування та експериментальні дослідження подібного характеру на повноцінних акумуляторних батареях на основі ЛІЕЖ. Отримані числові дані та характеристики дадуть змогу зробити мате-матичний опис процесу охолодження ЛІЕЖ, що може стати науковим підґрунтям для розробки та впровадження актуальних методів та засобів гасіння акумуляторних батарей на основі ЛІЕЖ.
{"title":"СПОСОБИ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ ЛІТІЙ-ІОННИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА ПРЕДМЕТ ПОЖЕЖНОЇ НЕБЕЗПЕКИ","authors":"O. Lazarenko, V. Pospolitak","doi":"10.32447/20786662.39.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.39.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Вступ. Безперечно, безумовно, літій-іонний елемент живлення (ЛІЕЖ) є основною складовою транспортних засобів на альтернативних джерелах живлення. Але неодноразові дослідження ЛІЕЖ показали їхню надзвичайну пожежну небезпеку. Наступні дослідження показали, що для того, щоб уникнути використання неякісних ЛІЕЖ, необхідно впроваджувати нормативно-правову базу яка б обумовлювала порядок та методику їх тестування на предмет пожежної небезпеки. На жаль в Україні відсутні подібні стандарти та загалом є прогалина в напрямку досліджень пожежної небезпеки ЛІЕЖМета та задачі дослідження. Зважаючи на передовий досвід та актуальність питання проведення експери-ментальних та теоретичних досліджень з визначення пожежної небезпеки ЛІЕЖ, запропоновано провести низку експериментальних досліджень на ЛІЕЖ Panasonic NCR18650B, які широко застосовуються в автомобілях Tesla. Зокрема метою дослідження є провести низку експериментів, щоб визначити температурні показники, характер та тривалість горіння ЛІЕЖ внаслідок їх механічного пошкодження (стискання корпусу, пробиття гострим пред-метом) та дією надлишкових струмів (перезаряджання). В роботі запропоновано та описано порядок проведення випробування, необхідне обладнання для проведення експериментів та схеми його розміщення.Висновки. Представлення подібної методики випробування та результати проведених експериментів мо-жуть стати базою для створення та впровадження на теренах України власної методики випробування та тесту-вання ЛІЕЖ на предмет пожежної небезпеки. Проведення експериментальних досліджень на одиничних ЛІЕЖ дасть можливість здійснити планування та експериментальні дослідження подібного характеру на повноцінних акумуляторних батареях на основі ЛІЕЖ. Отримані числові дані та характеристики дадуть змогу зробити мате-матичний опис процесу охолодження ЛІЕЖ, що може стати науковим підґрунтям для розробки та впровадження актуальних методів та засобів гасіння акумуляторних батарей на основі ЛІЕЖ.","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81009674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.32447/20786662.39.2021.02
A. Havryliuk, М. Haiduk, D. Dulenko
Постановка проблеми. Деревина – один з найдавніших будівельних матеріалів. Поряд із суттєвими перевагами деревина має і недоліки, основним з яких є горючість. Однією з основних вимог до будівель і споруд є збереження несучої здатності будівельних конструкцій під час пожежі, а цього можна досягти завдяки вогнезахисту. Згідно з аналітичними даними спостерігається тенденція до залучення представників територіальних підрозділів Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій (ДСНС) до комісій з перевірок вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій. Така тенденція свідчить про збільшення кількості виконаних робіт з вогнезахисту, а також про зацікавлення замовників вогнезахисного просочування у якісному виконанні робіт, що у свою чергу забезпечує ефективну пожежну безпеку об’єкта. Можливість участі представників територіальних підрозділів ДСНС у процесі перевірки вогнезахисту не лише забезпечує контроль за якісним виконанням робіт з вогнезахисного просочування, а й надає можливість виявити та проаналізувати існуючі проблеми у цій сфері.Метою роботи є дослідженні вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій при зміні вогнезахисного розчину.Опис матеріалу. Поверхневе вогнезахисне просочування залишається одним з найефективніших методів захисту дерев’яних конструкцій від впливу вогню. Застосування цього методу зниження показників пожежної небезпечності деревини переважно зумовлене балансом високої ефективності та економічної доступності вогнезахисних засобів, а також можливістю безпосереднього контролю з боку представників територіальних підрозділів Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій за якістю виконаних робіт з вогнезахисного просочування. З метою більш конкретного висвітлення проблем, які виникають при проведенні вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій було проаналізовано стан сфери вогнезахисного просочування на прикладі Хмельницької області. Аналіз статистичних даних створює підґрунтя для більш глибокого аналізу проблеми неякісного вогнезахисного просочування, встановлення об’єктивних причин, які спричинили негативні результати методів контролю, та дає можливість виділити цю проблематику в окремий напрямок для подальших досліджень. В результаті аналізу останніх літературних джерел і публікацій було виявлено, що проблематику причин неякісного виконання вогнезахисту в Україні об’єктивно не було досліджено. Висновки. За результатами аналітичних досліджень висновків комісій з перевірок вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій виявлено залежність між неналежним вогнезахистом дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій та вогнезахисними розчинами, зокрема, що у всіх випадках поверхневе просочування проводилось іншим вогнезахисним розчином ніж попереднім. Подальші дослідження доцільно направити на врахування ширшого спектру чинників, які впливають на зниження вогнезахисту дерев’яних конструкцій, а також розроблення на цій основі нормативно-правових актів, які б зобов’язували ліцензіатів враховувати попередній вогнезахисний розчин,
{"title":"ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВЗАЄМОЗАМІНИ ВОГНЕЗАХИСНОГО ЗАСОБУ НА ЗНИЖЕННЯ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВОГНЕЗАХИСНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДЕРЕВЯНИХ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ","authors":"A. Havryliuk, М. Haiduk, D. Dulenko","doi":"10.32447/20786662.39.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.39.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Постановка проблеми. Деревина – один з найдавніших будівельних матеріалів. Поряд із суттєвими перевагами деревина має і недоліки, основним з яких є горючість. Однією з основних вимог до будівель і споруд є збереження несучої здатності будівельних конструкцій під час пожежі, а цього можна досягти завдяки вогнезахисту. Згідно з аналітичними даними спостерігається тенденція до залучення представників територіальних підрозділів Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій (ДСНС) до комісій з перевірок вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій. Така тенденція свідчить про збільшення кількості виконаних робіт з вогнезахисту, а також про зацікавлення замовників вогнезахисного просочування у якісному виконанні робіт, що у свою чергу забезпечує ефективну пожежну безпеку об’єкта. Можливість участі представників територіальних підрозділів ДСНС у процесі перевірки вогнезахисту не лише забезпечує контроль за якісним виконанням робіт з вогнезахисного просочування, а й надає можливість виявити та проаналізувати існуючі проблеми у цій сфері.Метою роботи є дослідженні вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій при зміні вогнезахисного розчину.Опис матеріалу. Поверхневе вогнезахисне просочування залишається одним з найефективніших методів захисту дерев’яних конструкцій від впливу вогню. Застосування цього методу зниження показників пожежної небезпечності деревини переважно зумовлене балансом високої ефективності та економічної доступності вогнезахисних засобів, а також можливістю безпосереднього контролю з боку представників територіальних підрозділів Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій за якістю виконаних робіт з вогнезахисного просочування. З метою більш конкретного висвітлення проблем, які виникають при проведенні вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій було проаналізовано стан сфери вогнезахисного просочування на прикладі Хмельницької області. Аналіз статистичних даних створює підґрунтя для більш глибокого аналізу проблеми неякісного вогнезахисного просочування, встановлення об’єктивних причин, які спричинили негативні результати методів контролю, та дає можливість виділити цю проблематику в окремий напрямок для подальших досліджень. В результаті аналізу останніх літературних джерел і публікацій було виявлено, що проблематику причин неякісного виконання вогнезахисту в Україні об’єктивно не було досліджено. Висновки. За результатами аналітичних досліджень висновків комісій з перевірок вогнезахисту дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій виявлено залежність між неналежним вогнезахистом дерев’яних будівельних конструкцій та вогнезахисними розчинами, зокрема, що у всіх випадках поверхневе просочування проводилось іншим вогнезахисним розчином ніж попереднім. Подальші дослідження доцільно направити на врахування ширшого спектру чинників, які впливають на зниження вогнезахисту дерев’яних конструкцій, а також розроблення на цій основі нормативно-правових актів, які б зобов’язували ліцензіатів враховувати попередній вогнезахисний розчин, ","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87879289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.32447/20786662.38.2021.06
R. Yakovchuk
Purpose. Using FDS modelling to investigate the influence of external vertical enclosing structures on the spread of fire on the surface of external wall structures with facade insulation with combustible insulation.Methods. Using the software package Pyrosim performed тumerical modelling of the dynamics of development and spread of fire on the surface of the thermal insulation and finishing system, which serves as a user shell for the program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). To visualize the results of calculations, the software module of the PyroSim Smoke view system was used, which allows building appropriate graphical representations of temperature distributions. This system also allows you to monitor the dynamics of temperature fields and reproduce the heating process with animation.Results. With the help of computer modelling of fire test parameters of facade insulation system for fire propagation in FDS environment, numerical and graphical indicators were obtained by computer simulation of the fire test parameters of the facade insulation system for fire propagation in the FDS environment. They characterize the process of occurrence, spread and development of fire by the surface of the facade insulation system. Also, we established the influence of external vertical enclosing designs on a fire surface of outside walls with a warming of a facade by a combustible heater. The obtained results of numerical modelling of the parameters of the fire test of the facade insulation system for the propagation of fire in the FDS environment indicate that the overall standard deviation in the theoretical data was higher than the results of experimental stud-ies. Thus, the presence in the structure of a fragment of the building vertical wall (inner corners of the building) creates a “shielding effect”, i.e. the flame emanating from the window is reflected and the temperature on the surface of external walls with facade insulation rises significantly. Thus, for thermocouples T15-T17 the temperature rises by 140-220 °C; for thermo-couples T19-T21 – by 180-350 °C; for thermocouples T27-T29 – by 110-190 °C, respectively.In addition, the presence of external vertical enclosing structures on the facade of the building contributes to the increase in temperature and inside the structures of external walls with facade insulation, as evidenced by the readings of thermocouples T33 and T35 – an increase of 50-100 °C; thermocouples T36 and T38 – increase by 50-180 °C.Practical value. The results of numerical simulations obtained by the author are aimed at the use of design organizations in the installation of fire belts using noncombustible mineral wool boards in the inner corners of the building as insulation in the presence of window and balcony openings to prevent fire from spreading on facade systems in residential buildings.
{"title":"RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL VERTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURES ON THE SPREAD OF FIRE ON THE SURFACE OF WALLS","authors":"R. Yakovchuk","doi":"10.32447/20786662.38.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Using FDS modelling to investigate the influence of external vertical enclosing structures on the spread of fire on the surface of external wall structures with facade insulation with combustible insulation.Methods. Using the software package Pyrosim performed тumerical modelling of the dynamics of development and spread of fire on the surface of the thermal insulation and finishing system, which serves as a user shell for the program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). To visualize the results of calculations, the software module of the PyroSim Smoke view system was used, which allows building appropriate graphical representations of temperature distributions. This system also allows you to monitor the dynamics of temperature fields and reproduce the heating process with animation.Results. With the help of computer modelling of fire test parameters of facade insulation system for fire propagation in FDS environment, numerical and graphical indicators were obtained by computer simulation of the fire test parameters of the facade insulation system for fire propagation in the FDS environment. They characterize the process of occurrence, spread and development of fire by the surface of the facade insulation system. Also, we established the influence of external vertical enclosing designs on a fire surface of outside walls with a warming of a facade by a combustible heater. The obtained results of numerical modelling of the parameters of the fire test of the facade insulation system for the propagation of fire in the FDS environment indicate that the overall standard deviation in the theoretical data was higher than the results of experimental stud-ies. Thus, the presence in the structure of a fragment of the building vertical wall (inner corners of the building) creates a “shielding effect”, i.e. the flame emanating from the window is reflected and the temperature on the surface of external walls with facade insulation rises significantly. Thus, for thermocouples T15-T17 the temperature rises by 140-220 °C; for thermo-couples T19-T21 – by 180-350 °C; for thermocouples T27-T29 – by 110-190 °C, respectively.In addition, the presence of external vertical enclosing structures on the facade of the building contributes to the increase in temperature and inside the structures of external walls with facade insulation, as evidenced by the readings of thermocouples T33 and T35 – an increase of 50-100 °C; thermocouples T36 and T38 – increase by 50-180 °C.Practical value. The results of numerical simulations obtained by the author are aimed at the use of design organizations in the installation of fire belts using noncombustible mineral wool boards in the inner corners of the building as insulation in the presence of window and balcony openings to prevent fire from spreading on facade systems in residential buildings.","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80423476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.32447/20786662.38.2021.02
O. Miller, A. Kharchuk
Introduction. The concept of the SES stipulates that officials exercising state supervision (control) are obliged to detect and prevent violations of fire and technogenic safety requirements established by law [14]. Іn such situations, he bears full responsibility for violation of the requirements of fire, technogenic safety established by the legislation.Purpose. To propose an algorithm of actions of authorized officials during state supervision (control) in the field of technogenic and fire safety during the practical implementation of the provisions of the Civil Protection Code of Ukraine (further- the CZU Code) and the Law of Ukraine "On Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)" Dated April 5, 2007 (further- Memorandum № 877).Methods. Analysis of existing regulations governing the implementation of state supervision (control) in the field of tech-nogenic and fire safety and its practical implementation by authorized officials of the SESResults. Ways to improve the activities of state supervision (control) in the field of fire and technogenic safety and the powers of officials to implement it are considered. The main directions of implementation of preventive measures by state supervision bodies are given. The necessity of using a new approach to the state management of fire, technogenic safety and civil protection is highlighted. Conclusion. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine "On approval of the Instruction on registration of materials on administrative offences and recognition as invalid of some orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine" from 27.07.2016 № 725 should be supplemented with a clause on the interaction of article 185-14КУпАП. "Creation of obstacles in the activity of authorized officials of the central body of executive power, which implements the state policy on state supervision (control) in the field of fire and technogenic safety, related to conducting inspections".
{"title":"ALGORITHM OF ACTIONS OF AUTHORIZED OFFICIALS OF THE SES DURING STATE SUPERVISION (CONTROL)","authors":"O. Miller, A. Kharchuk","doi":"10.32447/20786662.38.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The concept of the SES stipulates that officials exercising state supervision (control) are obliged to detect and prevent violations of fire and technogenic safety requirements established by law [14]. Іn such situations, he bears full responsibility for violation of the requirements of fire, technogenic safety established by the legislation.Purpose. To propose an algorithm of actions of authorized officials during state supervision (control) in the field of technogenic and fire safety during the practical implementation of the provisions of the Civil Protection Code of Ukraine (further- the CZU Code) and the Law of Ukraine \"On Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)\" Dated April 5, 2007 (further- Memorandum № 877).Methods. Analysis of existing regulations governing the implementation of state supervision (control) in the field of tech-nogenic and fire safety and its practical implementation by authorized officials of the SESResults. Ways to improve the activities of state supervision (control) in the field of fire and technogenic safety and the powers of officials to implement it are considered. The main directions of implementation of preventive measures by state supervision bodies are given. The necessity of using a new approach to the state management of fire, technogenic safety and civil protection is highlighted. \u0000Conclusion. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine \"On approval of the Instruction on registration of materials on administrative offences and recognition as invalid of some orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine\" from 27.07.2016 № 725 should be supplemented with a clause on the interaction of article 185-14КУпАП. \"Creation of obstacles in the activity of authorized officials of the central body of executive power, which implements the state policy on state supervision (control) in the field of fire and technogenic safety, related to conducting inspections\". \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86349269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.32447/20786662.38.2021.05
V. Tovarianskyi, I. Adolf, V. Petrovskyi
Formulation of the problem. Most of the fabrics used in the technological processes of garment enterprises are classified as combustible materials and are part of the fire load, which threatens the outbreak and rapid spread of fires in the premises of garment factories. Therefore, it is important to study the indicators of the fire hazard of fabrics to identify the most dangerous of them, as well as to increase the efficiency of fire safety at sewing enterprises.The purpose of the work is to obtain the dependences of the values of ignition and self-ignition temperatures of cotton fabrics on the composition of cotton.Results. It was found that the crushed 100% cotton fabric flamed best, and the worst − solid polyester as a fabric without cotton. The lowest value of the temperature at which ignition was observed was 215°C for cotton (100%, shredded fabric), and if this value is reduced - there were failures, which are caused in particular by the fact that at lower temperatures flammable vapours are no formed in concentrations sufficient for combustion. It was found that the ignition / spontaneous combustion temperatures for a solid sample of the fabric with a composition of 100% cotton are 235°C/420°C, and for a solid sample of the fabric with a composition of 100% polyester − 360°C/500°C, respectively. Ignition / spontaneous com-bustion temperatures for finely divided fabrics are 8,5%/4,78% (cotton fabric) and 2.8%/6% (polyester) lower than the values obtained for whole fabrics.Results. According to the results of the analysis of the most common fabrics (table 1) used in garment enterprises. Identified that the biggest fire hazard is inherent containing cotton. The lowest ignition temperature is observed for cotton (100% shredded fabric) and is 215°C, which is 1,63 times less than the ignition temperature of polyester (0% cotton, shredded fabric). The lowest self-ignition temperature is also observed for cotton (100% shredded fabric) and is 400°C, which is 1,18 less than the self-ignition temperature of polyester (0% cotton, shredded fabric).
{"title":"RESEARCH TEMPERATURES OF IGNITION AND SELF-IGNITION OF COTTON AND POLYESTER FABRICS","authors":"V. Tovarianskyi, I. Adolf, V. Petrovskyi","doi":"10.32447/20786662.38.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Most of the fabrics used in the technological processes of garment enterprises are classified as combustible materials and are part of the fire load, which threatens the outbreak and rapid spread of fires in the premises of garment factories. Therefore, it is important to study the indicators of the fire hazard of fabrics to identify the most dangerous of them, as well as to increase the efficiency of fire safety at sewing enterprises.The purpose of the work is to obtain the dependences of the values of ignition and self-ignition temperatures of cotton fabrics on the composition of cotton.Results. It was found that the crushed 100% cotton fabric flamed best, and the worst − solid polyester as a fabric without cotton. The lowest value of the temperature at which ignition was observed was 215°C for cotton (100%, shredded fabric), and if this value is reduced - there were failures, which are caused in particular by the fact that at lower temperatures flammable vapours are no formed in concentrations sufficient for combustion. It was found that the ignition / spontaneous combustion temperatures for a solid sample of the fabric with a composition of 100% cotton are 235°C/420°C, and for a solid sample of the fabric with a composition of 100% polyester − 360°C/500°C, respectively. Ignition / spontaneous com-bustion temperatures for finely divided fabrics are 8,5%/4,78% (cotton fabric) and 2.8%/6% (polyester) lower than the values obtained for whole fabrics.Results. According to the results of the analysis of the most common fabrics (table 1) used in garment enterprises. Identified that the biggest fire hazard is inherent containing cotton. The lowest ignition temperature is observed for cotton (100% shredded fabric) and is 215°C, which is 1,63 times less than the ignition temperature of polyester (0% cotton, shredded fabric). The lowest self-ignition temperature is also observed for cotton (100% shredded fabric) and is 400°C, which is 1,18 less than the self-ignition temperature of polyester (0% cotton, shredded fabric).","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84172213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.32447/20786662.38.2021.04
Y. Rudyk, O. Nazarovets, I. Golovatchuk, N. Beznos
Introduction. Today requires the introduction and arrangement of modern enterprises automation of the technological process using various electronic and electrical equipment. The breakdown of one sensor leads to a stoppage of the technical process and thousands of losses. This equipment is sensitive to impulse overvoltages that occur for various reasons, as well as when hit by lightning. There is a misconception that the danger of lightning arises only when struck directly, forgetting about the socalled secondary phenomena, namely electromagnetic and electrostatic pulses. Pulse overvoltage is a short-term increase in voltage above the allowable value. Lightning protection systems are designed and designed to protect objects from dangerous lightning.Purpose. Given the automation of the process and the saturation of boilers with electronic and electrical equipment, there is a high risk of lightning and high potentials, which can lead to large-scale accidents. The purpose of this article is to validate the risk indicators for the boiler environment that occur during a thunderstorm.Methods. The use of various methods of calculation, assessment and ordering of risks during the design and layout of the system allows to implementation system lightning protection of buildings, equipment and people. General principles of risk assessment for the boiler environment must take into account: risk and determine the need for protection; the contribution of various risk components to the overall risk; the effect of various protection measures to reduce risk; selection of protection measures taking into account their economic efficiency.Results. Neglecting the high risk of a dangerous event leads to excessive damage and m irreparable losses, with which a person or community will not be able to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is a comprehensive, systematic approach to achieving safety, starting from the assessment stage, should take into account both the characteristics of the hazard, including a fire in the relevant facilities, and personal, the individual risk of death or injury. Lightning is an unpredictable natural event, no one in the world fully understands the mechanism of lightning and it is impossible to provide 100% protection under any circumstances under any standardization. For this purpose, the following calculations are given: loss of human life, including injuries; loss of the ability to provide public services; losses of cultural heritage and economic value of the building (structure) and economic losses required for the installation and operation of the system. Based on the obtained data, it is seen how the reduction of each risk is achieved depending on the proposed solution and the economic effect in general.Conclusion. Statistics on deaths and injuries from lightning hazards, losses from damage to property, buildings and struc-tures confirm that in risk assessment, which is standardized in DSTU EN 62305-2, it is necessary to intr
介绍。今天要求现代企业引进和安排自动化的工艺流程，使用各种电子电气设备。一个传感器的故障会导致技术过程的停止和成千上万的损失。该设备对各种原因引起的脉冲过电压以及雷击很敏感。人们有一种误解，认为闪电的危险只有在被直接击中时才会出现，而忘记了所谓的二次现象，即电磁脉冲和静电脉冲。脉冲过电压是指电压在短时间内升高到允许值以上。防雷系统的设计和设计是为了保护物体免受危险的雷击。考虑到过程的自动化和锅炉中电子和电气设备的饱和，存在雷击和高电位的高风险，这可能导致大规模事故。本文的目的是验证雷暴期间锅炉环境的风险指标。在系统的设计和布置过程中，采用各种方法对风险进行计算、评估和排序，实现对建筑物、设备和人员的系统防雷。对锅炉环境进行风险评估的一般原则必须考虑到:风险和确定保护的需要;各种风险成分对整体风险的贡献;各种保护措施降低风险的效果;保护措施的选择应考虑其经济效益。结果。忽视危险事件的高风险会导致过度损害和无法弥补的损失，从而使个人或社区无法实现可持续发展。因此，它是实现安全的一种全面、系统的方法，从评估阶段开始，既要考虑到危险的特征，包括有关设施的火灾，也要考虑到个人的死亡或受伤风险。闪电是一种不可预测的自然事件，世界上没有人完全了解闪电的机制，在任何标准下都不可能在任何情况下提供100%的防护。为此目的，计算如下:人命损失，包括受伤人数;丧失提供公共服务的能力;建筑(结构)的文化遗产和经济价值损失以及系统安装和运行所需的经济损失。根据所获得的数据，可以看到如何根据提出的解决方案和总体经济效果来降低每种风险。关于雷电灾害造成的伤亡、财产、建筑物和结构损坏造成的损失的统计数据证实，在DSTU EN 62305-2标准化的风险评估中，有必要采用一种符合乌克兰条件的方法。防雷系统的布置取决于风险评估、业主的反应、控制机构的影响。因此，在雷电风险评估程序中确定防火措施是很重要的，但如果希望避免不可接受的风险，也可以不考虑风险评估结果而采取措施。通常与两种不同的服务相关联的设备，例如电力线和数据线会遭受大量的电涌损坏。这种情况不包括在RX风险组件中。但是，可以选择和建立适当的保护措施(见IEC 62305-4)。
{"title":"VALIDATION OF RISK INDICATORS IN ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT BOILER HOUSE IN THUNDERSTORM","authors":"Y. Rudyk, O. Nazarovets, I. Golovatchuk, N. Beznos","doi":"10.32447/20786662.38.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Today requires the introduction and arrangement of modern enterprises automation of the technological process using various electronic and electrical equipment. The breakdown of one sensor leads to a stoppage of the technical process and thousands of losses. This equipment is sensitive to impulse overvoltages that occur for various reasons, as well as when hit by lightning. There is a misconception that the danger of lightning arises only when struck directly, forgetting about the socalled secondary phenomena, namely electromagnetic and electrostatic pulses. Pulse overvoltage is a short-term increase in voltage above the allowable value. Lightning protection systems are designed and designed to protect objects from dangerous lightning.Purpose. Given the automation of the process and the saturation of boilers with electronic and electrical equipment, there is a high risk of lightning and high potentials, which can lead to large-scale accidents. The purpose of this article is to validate the risk indicators for the boiler environment that occur during a thunderstorm.Methods. The use of various methods of calculation, assessment and ordering of risks during the design and layout of the system allows to implementation system lightning protection of buildings, equipment and people. General principles of risk assessment for the boiler environment must take into account: risk and determine the need for protection; the contribution of various risk components to the overall risk; the effect of various protection measures to reduce risk; selection of protection measures taking into account their economic efficiency.Results. Neglecting the high risk of a dangerous event leads to excessive damage and m irreparable losses, with which a person or community will not be able to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is a comprehensive, systematic approach to achieving safety, starting from the assessment stage, should take into account both the characteristics of the hazard, including a fire in the relevant facilities, and personal, the individual risk of death or injury. Lightning is an unpredictable natural event, no one in the world fully understands the mechanism of lightning and it is impossible to provide 100% protection under any circumstances under any standardization. For this purpose, the following calculations are given: loss of human life, including injuries; loss of the ability to provide public services; losses of cultural heritage and economic value of the building (structure) and economic losses required for the installation and operation of the system. Based on the obtained data, it is seen how the reduction of each risk is achieved depending on the proposed solution and the economic effect in general.Conclusion. Statistics on deaths and injuries from lightning hazards, losses from damage to property, buildings and struc-tures confirm that in risk assessment, which is standardized in DSTU EN 62305-2, it is necessary to intr","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74985636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.32447/20786662.38.2021.03
P. Pastuhov, V. Petrovskii, O. Lavrenyuk, B. Mykhalitchko
Introduction. The rapid growth of production rates and the use of polymer materials in various fields has brought about an increase in the number of fires caused by the ignition of polymer products. Among the most common polymer materials are materials based on epoxy resins. They are used in such industries as construction, electrical engineering and radio engineering, shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, including automotive, aerospace and rocketry, etc. Due to its organic structure, high content of carbon and hydrogen, epoxy polymers are very combustible. Their combustion is characterized by high temperature and more flame propagation rate. And it is accompanied by significant smoke formation and the release of large amounts of toxic products. Therefore, the search for new ways to reduce combustibility and maintain the proper level of performance is one of the priorities in the development and implementation of new epoxy polymer materials in various fields. Purpose. The work aims to obtain epoxy-amine composites and to discover the effect of flame retardant-hardener on their fire hazard and physical and mechanical properties.Methods. In work used Modern research methods. The flame propagation rate was determined by UL94, the coefficient of smoke was measured by ASTM E662-19, physical and mechanical properties were evaluated by measuring parameters such as surface hardness, tensile strength, water absorption and chemical resistance.Results. The parameters of fire danger of epoxy-amine composites with different content of flame retardant (0, 5, 16 and 80 mass parts) were studied. The results of experimental studies showed that the flame propagation rate and the smoke formation coefficient in the mode of smouldering and combustion are minimal for epoxy-amine composites containing 16 and 80 mass parts of flame retardant. Such compositions have higher surface hardness and tensile strength. And they also well as more resistant to water and aggressive environments compared to unmodified ones.Conclusion. The paper presents a simple and commercially attractive method of obtaining epoxy-amine composites con-taining different amounts of flame retardant – copper(II) sulfate. It is necessary, the obtained samples of the composites are homogeneous in structure. These should be considered as individual chemicals, not as mixtures. Chemical bonding of all components of the composites, namely the appearance of additional (compared to the unmodified composite) Cu(II)–N coordination bonds in the polymer framework DGEBA/DETA-CuSO4, is reflected in the enhanced physical and mechanical properties and fire hazard reduction for this type of composite materials.
{"title":"FIRE HAZARD AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES CONTAINING THE [Cu(DETA)(H2O)]SO4·H2O FLAME RETARDANT-HARDENER","authors":"P. Pastuhov, V. Petrovskii, O. Lavrenyuk, B. Mykhalitchko","doi":"10.32447/20786662.38.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The rapid growth of production rates and the use of polymer materials in various fields has brought about an increase in the number of fires caused by the ignition of polymer products. Among the most common polymer materials are materials based on epoxy resins. They are used in such industries as construction, electrical engineering and radio engineering, shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, including automotive, aerospace and rocketry, etc. Due to its organic structure, high content of carbon and hydrogen, epoxy polymers are very combustible. Their combustion is characterized by high temperature and more flame propagation rate. And it is accompanied by significant smoke formation and the release of large amounts of toxic products. Therefore, the search for new ways to reduce combustibility and maintain the proper level of performance is one of the priorities in the development and implementation of new epoxy polymer materials in various fields. Purpose. The work aims to obtain epoxy-amine composites and to discover the effect of flame retardant-hardener on their fire hazard and physical and mechanical properties.Methods. In work used Modern research methods. The flame propagation rate was determined by UL94, the coefficient of smoke was measured by ASTM E662-19, physical and mechanical properties were evaluated by measuring parameters such as surface hardness, tensile strength, water absorption and chemical resistance.Results. The parameters of fire danger of epoxy-amine composites with different content of flame retardant (0, 5, 16 and 80 mass parts) were studied. The results of experimental studies showed that the flame propagation rate and the smoke formation coefficient in the mode of smouldering and combustion are minimal for epoxy-amine composites containing 16 and 80 mass parts of flame retardant. Such compositions have higher surface hardness and tensile strength. And they also well as more resistant to water and aggressive environments compared to unmodified ones.Conclusion. The paper presents a simple and commercially attractive method of obtaining epoxy-amine composites con-taining different amounts of flame retardant – copper(II) sulfate. It is necessary, the obtained samples of the composites are homogeneous in structure. These should be considered as individual chemicals, not as mixtures. Chemical bonding of all components of the composites, namely the appearance of additional (compared to the unmodified composite) Cu(II)–N coordination bonds in the polymer framework DGEBA/DETA-CuSO4, is reflected in the enhanced physical and mechanical properties and fire hazard reduction for this type of composite materials.","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77378703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.32447/20786662.38.2021.01
O. Lazarenko, V. Parkhomenko, O. Shkaraputa
Introduction. The growing demand and use of vehicles on alternative fuels pose several challenges to humanity. Starting from the development and implementation of technological processes and algorithms for safe production, transportation, storage in the large capacity of lithiumion elements (batteries) and energy sources under high pressure (hydrogen cylinders) and ending with the process of final processing and reuse of the above-mentioned components of vehicles on alternative sources energy.The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the work is to research the readiness and activities of fire and rescue units for acting as intended, namely - the elimination of possible (potential) threats in the event of emergencies on vehicles with alternative fuels. To achieve this goal it is necessary to determine the current group of vehicles on alternative fuels; describe the main danger of such vehicles; to develop an appropriate conceptual (imitation) model of actions of fire and rescue units in case of actions on purpose on similar vehicles.Methods. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study used theoretical research methods, which included analysis of the main dangers of vehicles on alternative fuels, generalization of the results of the study with their following systematization to achieve the goal of the study.Results. According to the literature review results, the probable hazards associated with the elimination of emergencies at EV and HFCEV were identified. To protect the personal fire and rescue units involved in the elimination of such emergencies, an algorithm of rescuers' actions was developed in case of the threat of fire of the EV battery, the threat of ignition of hydrogen tanks in the HFCEV, the threat of ignition of the battery.Conclusions. The presented conceptual (imitation) model of actions of fire and rescue units in case of possible dangers associated with EV and HFCV provide a scientific basis. For further development and development of a decision support system that can be expressed in the form of application software. For further development of a life cycle model of emergency response projects on vehicles with alternative fuels.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCIES ON VEHICLES WITH ALTERNATIVE FUELS","authors":"O. Lazarenko, V. Parkhomenko, O. Shkaraputa","doi":"10.32447/20786662.38.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.38.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The growing demand and use of vehicles on alternative fuels pose several challenges to humanity. Starting from the development and implementation of technological processes and algorithms for safe production, transportation, storage in the large capacity of lithiumion elements (batteries) and energy sources under high pressure (hydrogen cylinders) and ending with the process of final processing and reuse of the above-mentioned components of vehicles on alternative sources energy.The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the work is to research the readiness and activities of fire and rescue units for acting as intended, namely - the elimination of possible (potential) threats in the event of emergencies on vehicles with alternative fuels. To achieve this goal it is necessary to determine the current group of vehicles on alternative fuels; describe the main danger of such vehicles; to develop an appropriate conceptual (imitation) model of actions of fire and rescue units in case of actions on purpose on similar vehicles.Methods. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study used theoretical research methods, which included analysis of the main dangers of vehicles on alternative fuels, generalization of the results of the study with their following systematization to achieve the goal of the study.Results. According to the literature review results, the probable hazards associated with the elimination of emergencies at EV and HFCEV were identified. To protect the personal fire and rescue units involved in the elimination of such emergencies, an algorithm of rescuers' actions was developed in case of the threat of fire of the EV battery, the threat of ignition of hydrogen tanks in the HFCEV, the threat of ignition of the battery.Conclusions. The presented conceptual (imitation) model of actions of fire and rescue units in case of possible dangers associated with EV and HFCV provide a scientific basis. For further development and development of a decision support system that can be expressed in the form of application software. For further development of a life cycle model of emergency response projects on vehicles with alternative fuels.","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87520009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.32447/20786662.37.2020.07
E. Hulida, V. Sharуу
Introduction. Fires in closed premises of production and storage facilities are the most dangerous, because they hold large areas with a significant fire load. The current direction of providing a fire safety system at production and storage facilities in closed premises is to eliminate the conditions of the rapid development of fire and minimizing its effect through the use of fire curtains. This method of fire protection is practically not used in closed premises of production and storage facilities at the present stage. In most cases, fire partitions are used in such situations. Therefore, a topic issue today is the research of limiting the development of fires with the use of fire partitions and minimizing fire effects.Purpose. Investigate the process of spreading the fire in closed premises of production and storage facilities by using fire partitions to limit the speed of fire spread. Problem statement and solution. The following tasks must be solved to provide fire protection of production and storage facilities:1. to investigate the process of fire spread in closed premises of production and storage facilities without the use of fire partitions;2. to investigate the impact of fire partitions use on fire rate.Two possible modes of development fire in the premises are considered to solve the first problem: 1) with the presence of sufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated ventilation.It is necessary to choose the material and fire partition design accordingly to solve the second problem. The results of experimental studies [11] showed that fire partitions vermiculite-silicate plates can be used for various building structures manufacturing. Closed production and storage facilities structure analysis showed that these premises are constructed in most cases with a grid of columns 9Х12 m.Conclusions and proposals:1) There is only the first mode of fire with sufficient oxygen (air) in closed premises of production and storage facilities with a total area of more than 5000 m2 in the process of fire. The fire that occurred is regulated only by the fire load.2) The use of fire partitions between sections of the premises of production and storage facilities reduces the probability of fire spreading in the premises by about 3 times.3) It is necessary to continue research work in this direction to obtain more significant results of the process of development and spread of fire in the premises of production and storage facilities.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FIRE PARTITIONS FOR SPEED FIRE DISTRIBUTION IN CLOSED PREMISES OF PRODUCTION AND STORAGE FACILITIES","authors":"E. Hulida, V. Sharуу","doi":"10.32447/20786662.37.2020.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Fires in closed premises of production and storage facilities are the most dangerous, because they hold large areas with a significant fire load. The current direction of providing a fire safety system at production and storage facilities in closed premises is to eliminate the conditions of the rapid development of fire and minimizing its effect through the use of fire curtains. This method of fire protection is practically not used in closed premises of production and storage facilities at the present stage. In most cases, fire partitions are used in such situations. Therefore, a topic issue today is the research of limiting the development of fires with the use of fire partitions and minimizing fire effects.Purpose. Investigate the process of spreading the fire in closed premises of production and storage facilities by using fire partitions to limit the speed of fire spread. Problem statement and solution. The following tasks must be solved to provide fire protection of production and storage facilities:1. to investigate the process of fire spread in closed premises of production and storage facilities without the use of fire partitions;2. to investigate the impact of fire partitions use on fire rate.Two possible modes of development fire in the premises are considered to solve the first problem: 1) with the presence of sufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated ventilation.It is necessary to choose the material and fire partition design accordingly to solve the second problem. The results of experimental studies [11] showed that fire partitions vermiculite-silicate plates can be used for various building structures manufacturing. Closed production and storage facilities structure analysis showed that these premises are constructed in most cases with a grid of columns 9Х12 m.Conclusions and proposals:1) There is only the first mode of fire with sufficient oxygen (air) in closed premises of production and storage facilities with a total area of more than 5000 m2 in the process of fire. The fire that occurred is regulated only by the fire load.2) The use of fire partitions between sections of the premises of production and storage facilities reduces the probability of fire spreading in the premises by about 3 times.3) It is necessary to continue research work in this direction to obtain more significant results of the process of development and spread of fire in the premises of production and storage facilities.","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85317808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-19DOI: 10.32447/20786662.34.2019.12
A. Renkas
Introduction. This paper deals with the analysis of world experience in fire resistance providing of hollow‐core concrete slabs. To protect concrete structures are used many structural applications: thermal coatings and materials. The research first analyzes main methods and hypothesis using to make temperature analysis of solution fire resistance of concrete structures. Problem of making temperature analysis of hollow‐core concrete slabs are nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The aim of this paper is to establish the temperature distribution in hollow‐core concrete slab considering radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores in case of fire in compartment that is spreading by standard temperature-time curve. In addition, the aim is to substantiate the possibility of using gypsum panels to provide fire resistance of hollowcore concrete slabs. Material statement. The paper reports the results of modeling the process of heat transfer in hollow‐core concrete slab, between compartment space and slab surface and in hollow‐cores. To calculate temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab considering nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores was used finite element model. At addition, the results of finite elements simulations show temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab and gypsum panels that installed under concrete slab. Scientific novelty. The paper reports results of theoretic substantiated of possibility of using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs considering nonlinear thermal material properties, radiation heat transfer between surfaces and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The results indicate that using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs reduces speed heating of concrete elements to critical temperatures that increase fire resistance of hollow‐core concrete slabs to 20.4 %.
{"title":"FIRE RESISTANCE PROVIDING OF HOLLOW‐CORE CONCRETE SLABS USING SHEET BUILDING MATERIALS","authors":"A. Renkas","doi":"10.32447/20786662.34.2019.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper deals with the analysis of world experience in fire resistance providing of hollow‐core concrete slabs. To protect concrete structures are used many structural applications: thermal coatings and materials. The research first analyzes main methods and hypothesis using to make temperature analysis of solution fire resistance of concrete structures. Problem of making temperature analysis of hollow‐core concrete slabs are nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The aim of this paper is to establish the temperature distribution in hollow‐core concrete slab considering radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores in case of fire in compartment that is spreading by standard temperature-time curve. In addition, the aim is to substantiate the possibility of using gypsum panels to provide fire resistance of hollowcore concrete slabs. Material statement. The paper reports the results of modeling the process of heat transfer in hollow‐core concrete slab, between compartment space and slab surface and in hollow‐cores. To calculate temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab considering nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores was used finite element model. At addition, the results of finite elements simulations show temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab and gypsum panels that installed under concrete slab. Scientific novelty. The paper reports results of theoretic substantiated of possibility of using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs considering nonlinear thermal material properties, radiation heat transfer between surfaces and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The results indicate that using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs reduces speed heating of concrete elements to critical temperatures that increase fire resistance of hollow‐core concrete slabs to 20.4 %.","PeriodicalId":12280,"journal":{"name":"Fire Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91483653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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