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School and Teacher 学校和老师
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-113-01-60-69
Ilya Vladimirov, G. Volynets, M. Karganov, S. Pozdnyakov
Today the school is digitally extended beyond the school building to the universe; a school is a ship, a workshop, a factory, a laboratory, a theatre, a museum, a forest and an ocean. The purpose of the school and the teacher is to give the student motivation for active life and learning, help him organize his activities and cooperate with peers and significant adults, ensure the preservation and promotion of health, equalize the opportunities for quality education for all, give chances for a decent future for children with disabilities health and their families. Using and developing all the abilities and possibilities of his extended personality the teacher learns together with the students, gives feedback and, most importantly, motivates and captivates the students. We must not catch up but get ahead of events.
今天,学校的数字化已经超越了学校建筑,延伸到了宇宙;学校是一艘船、一个车间、一个工厂、一个实验室、一个剧院、一个博物馆、一个森林和一个海洋。学校和教师的目的是激励学生积极生活和学习,帮助他组织活动并与同龄人和重要的成年人合作,确保维护和促进健康,为所有人提供平等的优质教育机会,为残疾儿童及其家庭提供获得体面未来的机会。利用和发展他扩展人格的所有能力和可能性,教师与学生一起学习,给予反馈,最重要的是,激励和吸引学生。我们必须走在事件的前面,而不是追赶。
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引用次数: 1
Mission of the Modern Archive: Doctor of Historical Memory or Funeral of the Actual Past? 现代档案的使命:历史记忆博士还是真实过去的葬礼?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2020-105-01-88-92
A. K. Sorokin
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引用次数: 0
Methodology for Analyzing the State of the Natural Environment of the Plain Territories of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation 分析俄罗斯联邦北极地区平原地区自然环境状况的方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-115-116-03-04-12-24
Y. Kutinov, Z. Chistova, E. V. Polyakova, A. Mineev, T. Belenovich, N. Neverov
The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for integrated geoecological zoning of the northern plain territories of the Russian Federation based on digital elevation models. Geomorphometric elevation parameters have been calculated to take into account: a) exogenous factors; b) endogenous factors – the coefficient of discrete- ness and energy intensity, fault density and the function of crushing the Earth’s crust. Such an integrated approach has no analogues and allows taking into account the impact on the state of the environment of exogenous and endogenous, climatic and other natural factors at the global, regional and local levels. As a result, a methodology for integrated geoecological zoning of the northern plain territories of the Russian Federation was developed on the basis of modern digital elevation models using GIS technologies and maps of geoecological zoning.
这项研究的目的是根据数字高程模型制定俄罗斯联邦北部平原地区综合地质生态区划的方法。地貌高程参数的计算考虑了:a)外生因素;b)内生性因素——离散性系数和能量强度、断层密度和地壳破碎作用。这种综合办法没有类似的办法,而且可以考虑到全球、区域和地方各级的外生和内生、气候和其他自然因素对环境状况的影响。因此,在利用地理信息系统技术和地质生态区划地图的现代数字高程模型的基础上,制定了俄罗斯联邦北部平原地区综合地质生态区划的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenically Induced Processes in the Land Waters of the Arctic Regions 北极地区陆地水域的人为诱发过程
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-115-116-03-04-54-74
T. Moiseenko, M. Bazova
The characteristics of the development of anthropogenically induced processes in the land waters of the Arctic basin, such as eutrophication, acidification and toxic pollution in a changing climate, are characterized. The main changes in ecosystems and periods of occurrence of the most dangerous situations are shown. The criteria for diagnosing adverse processes and the need to tighten water quality standards for the waters of the Arctic regions are substantiated.
研究了北极盆地陆地水域在气候变化条件下的富营养化、酸化和有毒污染等人为过程的发展特征。显示了生态系统的主要变化和最危险情况发生的时期。诊断不利过程的标准和加强北极地区水域水质标准的必要性得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
Global Ocean Windthermohaline Circulation 全球海洋风温盐环流
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-114-02-30-39
R. Tarakanov
This paper provides a brief overview of the state of research on the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt (GOCB) as an element of the Global Ocean Circulation linking the thermocline and the abyssal. In particular, it is noted that the existence of GOCB cannot be due only to the action of thermohaline factors. In addition to them, a wind effect on the Ocean is also necessary. Moreover, the area of such impact, which determines the very configuration of the GOCB, is the Southern Ocean. In addition, for the very existence of the GOCB in its current form, the configuration of the continents of the current geological epoch is of fundamental importance.
本文简要介绍了全球海洋传送带(GOCB)作为连接温跃层和深海的全球海洋环流要素的研究现状。特别要指出的是,GOCB的存在不能仅仅是由于热盐因子的作用。除此之外,风对海洋的影响也是必要的。此外,这种影响的区域是南大洋,它决定了大陆架的结构。此外,为了使GOCB以目前的形式存在,当前地质时代各大陆的构造具有根本的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Sciences and Fundamental Challenges of Russian Oceanography 联合国海洋科学十年和俄罗斯海洋学的基本挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-114-02-13-19
S. Shapovalov
The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 2017 on the initiative of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and entered the implementation phase from January 2021. The main watchword of the Decade is “The Science We Need for the Ocean We Want”. It is based on seven socially significant outcomes. To achieve them, ten priority challenges have been identified. These challenges are divided into three groups: Knowledge and Solutions Challenges, Essen- tial Infrastructure Challenges and Foundational Challenges. Although the Decade Implementation Plan considers Ocean Sciences in its broadest sense, including the nature sciences and social sciences and humanities, local and indigenous knowledge, science-policy and science-innovation interactions, and technology and infrastructure etc., basic oceanographic research are of paramount importance for understanding and achieving virtually all seven Decade Outcomes.
2017年,联合国大会在教科文组织政府间海洋学委员会的倡议下宣布了“联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年(2021 - 2030年)”,并于2021年1月进入实施阶段。十年的主要口号是“我们需要的科学,我们想要的海洋”。它基于7个具有社会意义的结果。为实现这些目标,确定了十个优先挑战。这些挑战分为三组:知识和解决方案挑战、基本基础设施挑战和基础挑战。尽管《十年实施计划》从最广泛的意义上考虑了海洋科学,包括自然科学、社会科学和人文科学、地方和土著知识、科学政策和科学创新的相互作用以及技术和基础设施等,但基础海洋学研究对于理解和实现几乎所有七项十年成果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Areas of Intensive Nature Management in the Russian Arctic under Climate Change Conditions: Natural and Social Processes in the Long Term 气候变化条件下俄罗斯北极地区的集约化自然管理:长期的自然和社会过程
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-115-116-03-04-37-53
V. Masloboev, D. Makarov, E. Borovichev, E. Klyuchnikova, L. Isaeva, L. Riabova, D. Denisov, A. Svetlov, E. Krasavtseva, V. Maksimova, S. Mazukhina, T. Sukhareva, V. Ershov, N. Koroleva, L. Ivanova, A. Losev
The work summarizes the results of investigations carried out in three directions (blocks). Block 1. Terrestrial ecosystems in areas of intensive nature management are investigated. Climatic changes and anthropogenic impact result in transformation of landscapes with disturbed or completely destroyed vegetation cover. In freshwater ecosystems cardinal changes in the structural and functional organization from the multifac- torial anthropogenic load against the background of a warming climate were revealed. We obtained unique data on the long-term dynamics of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. Block 2. Enrichment tailings properties were studied, the influence of the dusting season duration and humidity changes on the gross dust emission was assessed; interaction of tailings with soil waters was studied. The potential ecological danger of tailings mineral particles getting into the soil was shown. The losses of non-ferrous metals during the period of waste storage under different climate change scenarios were estimated. Block 3. People’s perceptions of climate change and its social consequences have been studied. The problem of climate change clearly correlates with ecological problems. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Arctic in the context of climate change was studied. The pandemic highlighted the unsustainability of the rotational method of resource development, with rotational camps becoming focal points of epidemiological hazards.
该工作总结了在三个方向(区块)进行的调查结果。块1。研究了集约化自然管理地区的陆地生态系统。气候变化和人为影响导致植被覆盖受到干扰或完全破坏的景观的转变。在气候变暖的背景下,揭示了淡水生态系统结构和功能组织在多方面人为负荷下的基本变化。我们获得了关于水生生态系统生物多样性长期动态的独特数据。块2。研究了富集尾矿的特性,评价了粉尘季节长短和湿度变化对总粉尘排放的影响;研究了尾矿与土壤水分的相互作用。指出了尾矿颗粒进入土壤的潜在生态危害。估算了不同气候变化情景下废弃物贮存期有色金属的损失量。块3。人们对气候变化及其社会后果的看法已被研究过。气候变化问题显然与生态问题有关。研究了气候变化背景下COVID-19大流行对北极的影响。这次大流行病突出了资源开发的轮转方法的不可持续性,轮转营地成为流行病学危害的焦点。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Education Platform 数字教育平台
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-113-01-87-103
O. Bakhteev, F. M. Gafarov, V. Grinshkun, O. Dyatlova, S. Kosaretsky, V. A. Kudinov, A. Leonov, A. Sergeev, S. V. Shcherbatykh
Today there are different understandings of what is considered part of a digital platform, what is on it and what is available through it. A digital integrated implementation of the following functions is required, regardless of how we define their relationship with the platform: support for group communication with the ability to record the process; accounting for the roles of the student, teacher, administrator, parent; automatic generation of digital journals and report cards; formation of the history of individual work and recording of educational events of the student, teacher, class; including it in the big data of education; designing an individual path for students to achieve educational goals with a choice of those posted on the platform; selection and implementation of tasks offered by the teacher; placement the goals, assignments, feedback and assessment tools, other learning materials; accommodating student learning requests and suggestions from teachers, organizations, and educational programs that go beyond the boundaries of one school; recording learning outcomes; displaying and forecasting on the basis of big data of the educational process with varying level of detail.
今天,对于什么是数字平台的一部分,什么在上面,什么可以通过它获得,人们有不同的理解。无论我们如何定义它们与平台的关系,都需要以下功能的数字化集成实现:支持群组通信,具有记录流程的能力;兼顾学生、教师、管理者、家长的角色;自动生成数字期刊和成绩单;形成个人作业史,记录学生、教师、班级的教育事件;将其纳入教育大数据;为学生设计个人路径,让他们在平台上选择自己的教育目标;选择和执行教师布置的任务;布置目标、作业、反馈和评估工具、其他学习材料;适应学生的学习要求和来自教师、组织和教育项目的建议,超越学校的界限;记录学习成果;基于教育过程的大数据,以不同程度的细节显示和预测。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstruction of the Arrival and Migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in the Ecosystem of the Barents Sea 巴伦支海生态系统137Cs和90Sr到达和迁移的重建
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-114-02-119-135
G. G. Matishov, I. Usyagina, G. Ilyin
Based on the analysis of data from long-term radioecological observations in the Barents Sea, the main migration flows of 137Cs and 90Sr in its ecosystem have been reconstructed. In the current (2010–2019) balance of technogenic radioactivity, the transboundary transfer of radioisotopes from the Norwegian Sea accounts for more than 90% of the total intake. Most of the incoming radionuclides are removed from the Barents Sea through its northern and northeastern borders in the process of water exchange. A significant decrease in the concentrations of radionu- clides in the components of the environment and biota in the “post-nuclear era” is shown. The content of 137Cs and 90Sr in the food web of the marine ecosystem was estimated in comparison with the reserve of their activity in water and bottom sediments. The biotas accumulate no more than 0.01% of the total isotope content in the ecosystem.
通过对巴伦支海长期放射性生态观测资料的分析,重建了巴伦支海生态系统中137Cs和90Sr的主要迁移流。在目前(2010-2019年)的技术源放射性平衡中,来自挪威海的放射性同位素的跨界转移占总摄入量的90%以上。大部分进入巴伦支海的放射性核素是在水交换过程中通过其北部和东北部边界从巴伦支海移走的。在“后核时代”,环境和生物群组成部分中的放射性核素浓度显著下降。通过比较137Cs和90Sr在水体和底泥中的活性储量,估算了海洋生态系统食物网中137Cs和90Sr的含量。生物群落累积的同位素含量不超过生态系统中总同位素含量的0.01%。
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引用次数: 0
The Long-Term Changes in Water and Ions Flux of Northern Dvina and Pechora 北德维纳和佩科拉地区水和离子通量的长期变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22204/2410-4639-2022-115-116-03-04-103-121
A. Georgiadi, A. O. Danilenko
The long-term data sets of the annual and seasonal water flows and the major ions fluxes of the Northern Dvina River at the village of Ust-Pinega and Pechora River at the village of Ust-Tsilma were analyzed. Long-term phases of increased and decreased values of water runoff were identified, the duration of which ranged from 9 to 50 years, and their main characteristics were determined. The sequence and boundaries of the change in the contrasting phases of the annual water flow, the snowmelt flood flow and the summer-autumn flow on the Northern Dvina River and the annual water flow and snowmelt flood flow on the Pechora River practically coincided. The difference between the average annual and seasonal water flow in the phases of its increased and decreased values ranged from 11 to 41%, and the ion fluxes were in the range of 5–36%. The ion flux of contrast phases, as a rule, differs less than the water flow. This is due to the inverse nature of the dependence of the concentration of ions on the daily water discharges, because of which a kind of negative feedback is formed, stabilizing the intensity of chemical denudation in the wa- tersheds of these rivers and the flux of the main ions into the seas, even with noticeable fluctuations in water flow. Keywords: the Northern Dvina River, the Pechora River, water flow, ion flux, long-term phases of changes, cumulative deviation curves.
分析了北德维纳河在Ust-Pinega村和Pechora河在Ust-Tsilma村的年和季节水流和主要离子通量的长期数据集。确定了径流增加和减少的长期阶段,持续时间在9 ~ 50年之间,并确定了它们的主要特征。北德维纳河的年流量、融雪洪水流量和夏秋季流量对比期变化的顺序和边界与佩霍拉河的年流量和融雪洪水流量对比期变化的顺序和边界基本一致。年平均水流量增减阶段与季节平均水流量之差在11% ~ 41%之间,离子通量在5 ~ 36%之间。一般来说,对比相的离子通量的差别小于水流的差别。这是由于离子浓度对每日水量的依赖具有相反的性质,因此形成了一种负反馈,稳定了这些河流流域化学剥蚀的强度和主要离子进入海洋的通量,即使水流有明显的波动。关键词:北德维纳河,佩霍拉河,水流,离子通量,长期变化相,累积偏差曲线
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik RFFI
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