Summary Erythritol, a non-nutritive 4-carboned polyol, was demonstrated to have insecticidal properties for multiple arthropod pests. The erythritol formulations combined with sucrose, as a phagostimulant, enhanced consumption and insecticidal efficiency on the pests. However, adding sucrose contributes nutritional carbohydrate resources in the same pests, can lead to the development of microbes in the field, and creates a sticky residue on plants sprayed with the solution. In this study, we tested and compared erythritol formulations combined with sucrose or sucralose, and identified insecticidal activities on adults of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The erythritol and sucralose formulation is a less sticky solution, and significantly reduced the survivorship of adult mosquitoes, it may have merit as an alternative method for mosquito control and warrants further evaluation. Sumario Se demostró que el eritritol, un poliol de 4 carbonos no nutritivo, tiene propiedades insecticidas para múltiples plagas de artrópodos. Las formulaciones de eritritol combinadas con sacarosa, como fagoestimulante, mejoraron el consumo y la eficacia insecticida sobre las plagas. Sin embargo, el agregar sacarosa aporta recursos nutricionales de carbohidratos en las mismas plagas, que puede conducir al desarrollo de microbios en el campo y crear un residuo pegajoso en las plantas rociadas con la solución. En este estudio, probamos y comparamos formulaciones de eritritol combinadas con sacarosa o sucralosa, e identificamos actividades insecticidas en adultos del mosquito Aedes aegypti. La formulación de eritritol y sucralosa es una solución menos pegajosa y redujo significativamente la sobrevivencia de los mosquitos adultos, puede tener mérito como método alternativo para el control de mosquitos y justifica una evaluación adicional.
赤藓糖醇是一种非营养性4碳多元醇，对多种节肢动物害虫具有杀虫作用。赤藓糖醇配方与蔗糖结合，作为一种促吞噬剂，提高了对害虫的消耗和杀虫效率。然而，添加蔗糖为相同的害虫提供了营养碳水化合物资源，可能导致田间微生物的发展，并在喷洒了溶液的植物上产生粘性残留物。在本研究中，我们测试并比较了赤藓糖醇与蔗糖或三氯蔗糖组合的配方，并鉴定了对埃及伊蚊成虫的杀虫活性。赤藓糖醇-三氯蔗糖制剂黏性较低，可显著降低成蚊存活率，有可能作为蚊虫防治的替代方法，值得进一步评价。Sumario Se demostró que el ritritol, unpoliol de 4 carbonos no nutritivo, tiene proedades杀虫剂para múltiples plagas de artrópodos。本发明的复方黄曲霉制剂可有效地防治鼠疫，并可有效地防治鼠疫。在此基础上，研究人员提出了一种新的研究方法，即在植物生长过程中，对植物生长过程中的微生物进行研究，并对植物生长过程中的微生物进行了研究。在本研究中，我们对三聚氰胺和三氯蔗糖的混合配方进行了比较，鉴定了埃及伊蚊成虫中杀虫剂的活性。La formulacion de eritritol y sucralosa es una solucion高看pegajosa y redujo significativamente La sobrevivencia de los蚊子adultos喝水惯常merito科莫metodo alternativo对位el控制蚊子y justifica una evaluacion时会。
{"title":"Effect of Erythritol and Sucralose Formulation on the Survivorship of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti","authors":"Lauren Maestas, Jana C. Lee, Man‐Yeon Choi","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Erythritol, a non-nutritive 4-carboned polyol, was demonstrated to have insecticidal properties for multiple arthropod pests. The erythritol formulations combined with sucrose, as a phagostimulant, enhanced consumption and insecticidal efficiency on the pests. However, adding sucrose contributes nutritional carbohydrate resources in the same pests, can lead to the development of microbes in the field, and creates a sticky residue on plants sprayed with the solution. In this study, we tested and compared erythritol formulations combined with sucrose or sucralose, and identified insecticidal activities on adults of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The erythritol and sucralose formulation is a less sticky solution, and significantly reduced the survivorship of adult mosquitoes, it may have merit as an alternative method for mosquito control and warrants further evaluation. Sumario Se demostró que el eritritol, un poliol de 4 carbonos no nutritivo, tiene propiedades insecticidas para múltiples plagas de artrópodos. Las formulaciones de eritritol combinadas con sacarosa, como fagoestimulante, mejoraron el consumo y la eficacia insecticida sobre las plagas. Sin embargo, el agregar sacarosa aporta recursos nutricionales de carbohidratos en las mismas plagas, que puede conducir al desarrollo de microbios en el campo y crear un residuo pegajoso en las plantas rociadas con la solución. En este estudio, probamos y comparamos formulaciones de eritritol combinadas con sacarosa o sucralosa, e identificamos actividades insecticidas en adultos del mosquito Aedes aegypti. La formulación de eritritol y sucralosa es una solución menos pegajosa y redujo significativamente la sobrevivencia de los mosquitos adultos, puede tener mérito como método alternativo para el control de mosquitos y justifica una evaluación adicional.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"129 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46279597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive, polyphagous herbivore native to China which was first detected in Pennsylvania, USA, in 2014. As of spring 2022, L. delicatula has spread to 14 states in its introduced range in the eastern US, prompting quarantines, increased surveillance, and new research. Despite known preferences for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), L. delicatula has been reported from over 100 plants for feeding and oviposition. As L. delicatula continues to spread, individuals have the potential to encounter new host plants for feeding and new substrates for oviposition. In this study, we investigated oviposition and host plant use by nymphs among common trees, shrubs, and vines at 3 field sites in eastern Pennsylvania to determine whether use of plants differs among plant species and with plant size. We then used our field data and information from the literature to assess the risks to 2 nearby, uninvaded habitats in central Maryland. In repeated visual surveys in Pennsylvania, we found L. delicatula egg masses on 10 of 15 plant species, including new observations on Cercis canadensis L. (Fabaceae), Crataegus viridis L. (Rosaceae), and Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Altingiaceae). Egg mass abundance increased strongly with tree size. We found nymphs on 12 plant species, including new observations on C. viridis, and nymphal abundance differed significantly among plant species. Applying results from our field surveys and from the literature to currently uninvaded sites, we found high levels of risk for trees in managed and semi-natural settings; the great majority of trees in these inventories are at risk for use by L. delicatula, though several plant species have yet to be evaluated for risk. Our work highlights the need for continued research into oviposition and feeding choices as well as the urgency for monitoring and preemptive management at sites near known L. delicatula infestations. Resumen La mosca-linterna manchada, Lycorma delicatula (Blanca) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), es un herbívoro polífago invasivo originario de China que se detectó por primera vez en Pensilvania, EE. UU. en el 2014. Desde la primavera del 2022, L. delicatula se ha dispersado a 11 estados en su rango invasivo en el este de los EE. UU., lo que provocó cuarentenas, mayor vigilancia y nuevas investigaciones. A pesar de las preferencias conocidas por el árbol del cielo, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), se ha informado que L. delicatula se encuentra en más de 100 plantas para alimentación y oviposición. A medida que L. delicatula continúa propagándose, los individuos tienen el potencial de encontrar nuevas plantas hospederas para alimentarse y nuevos sustratos para la oviposición. En este estudio, investigamos la oviposición y el uso de plantas hospederas por parte de las ninfas entre árboles, arbustos y enredaderas comunes en 3 sitios de campo en e
{"title":"Host Preferences of Spotted Lanternfly and Risk Assessment of Potential Tree Hosts in Managed and Semi-Natural Landscapes","authors":"Suji Kim, Anna Kuhn, M. Raupp, Holly Martinson","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive, polyphagous herbivore native to China which was first detected in Pennsylvania, USA, in 2014. As of spring 2022, L. delicatula has spread to 14 states in its introduced range in the eastern US, prompting quarantines, increased surveillance, and new research. Despite known preferences for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), L. delicatula has been reported from over 100 plants for feeding and oviposition. As L. delicatula continues to spread, individuals have the potential to encounter new host plants for feeding and new substrates for oviposition. In this study, we investigated oviposition and host plant use by nymphs among common trees, shrubs, and vines at 3 field sites in eastern Pennsylvania to determine whether use of plants differs among plant species and with plant size. We then used our field data and information from the literature to assess the risks to 2 nearby, uninvaded habitats in central Maryland. In repeated visual surveys in Pennsylvania, we found L. delicatula egg masses on 10 of 15 plant species, including new observations on Cercis canadensis L. (Fabaceae), Crataegus viridis L. (Rosaceae), and Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Altingiaceae). Egg mass abundance increased strongly with tree size. We found nymphs on 12 plant species, including new observations on C. viridis, and nymphal abundance differed significantly among plant species. Applying results from our field surveys and from the literature to currently uninvaded sites, we found high levels of risk for trees in managed and semi-natural settings; the great majority of trees in these inventories are at risk for use by L. delicatula, though several plant species have yet to be evaluated for risk. Our work highlights the need for continued research into oviposition and feeding choices as well as the urgency for monitoring and preemptive management at sites near known L. delicatula infestations. Resumen La mosca-linterna manchada, Lycorma delicatula (Blanca) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), es un herbívoro polífago invasivo originario de China que se detectó por primera vez en Pensilvania, EE. UU. en el 2014. Desde la primavera del 2022, L. delicatula se ha dispersado a 11 estados en su rango invasivo en el este de los EE. UU., lo que provocó cuarentenas, mayor vigilancia y nuevas investigaciones. A pesar de las preferencias conocidas por el árbol del cielo, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), se ha informado que L. delicatula se encuentra en más de 100 plantas para alimentación y oviposición. A medida que L. delicatula continúa propagándose, los individuos tienen el potencial de encontrar nuevas plantas hospederas para alimentarse y nuevos sustratos para la oviposición. En este estudio, investigamos la oviposición y el uso de plantas hospederas por parte de las ninfas entre árboles, arbustos y enredaderas comunes en 3 sitios de campo en e","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"74 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41665323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is among several parasitoids introduced as classical biocontrol agents for control of the invasive emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in the US. However, the successful establishment of this parasitoid and its efficacy in suppressing emerald ash borer vary among the release sites and regions. We hypothesize that forest microhabitats and parasitoid overwintering life stages affect parasitoid overwintering survival, development, and emergence phenology of adults in the spring. To test this, we placed logs containing 3 different larval stages of S. galinae (early instar larva, late instar larva, and cocoon) in ventilated jars in 2 distinct microhabitat sites, i.e., urban forest and mature natural forest. These were deployed in late fall of 2020 and remained in the field through winter. The emergence of adult parasitoids was recorded in spring through summer of 2021. Parasitoids in the warmer urban site emerged more quickly, emerging 12 d earlier than parasitoids in the cooler mature forest site. None of the S. galinae deployed as early instar larvae diapaused in either urban or forest sites. In both habitats, 27.1 to 32.1% of late instar larvae diapaused. Across overwintering larval stages, the median time of S. galinae emergence was about 24 d in the urban microhabitat, significantly shorter than that (36 d) observed in the mature forest microhabitat. Our findings suggest that environmental factors profoundly affect S. galinae phenology, and consequently emerald ash borer biological control. Resumen Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) se encuentra entre varios parasitoides introducidos como agentes de biocontrol clásico para el control del barrenador esmeralda del fresno invasivo, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), en los EE. UU. Sin embargo, el establecimiento exitoso de este parasitoide y su eficacia para suprimir el barrenador esmeralda del fresno varían entre los sitios y regiones de liberación. Nuestra hipótesis es que los microhábitats del bosque y los estadios de vida de hibernación del parasitoide afectan la sobrevivencia, el desarrollo y la fenología de emergencia de los adultos en la primavera. Para probar esto, colocamos troncos que contenían 3 estadios larvales diferentes de S. galinae (larva de estadio temprano, larva de estadio tardío y capullo) en frascos ventilados en dos sitios de microhábitat distintos, un bosque urbano y un bosque natural maduro. Estos se desplegaron a fines del otoño del 2020 y permanecieron en el campo durante el invierno. Se registró la aparición de parasitoides adultos desde la primavera hasta el verano del 2021. Los parasitoides en el sitio urbano más cálido emergieron más rápidamente, emergiendo 12 días antes que los parasitoides en el sitio de bosque maduro más frío. Ninguno de los S. galinae se desplegó como larvas de estadio temprano en diapausa en sitios u
{"title":"Effect of Forest Microhabitat and Larval Stage on Overwintering Survival, Development, and Phenology of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Biological Control Agent of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)","authors":"Adam Scherr, N. Quinn, D. Tallamy, J. Duan","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is among several parasitoids introduced as classical biocontrol agents for control of the invasive emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in the US. However, the successful establishment of this parasitoid and its efficacy in suppressing emerald ash borer vary among the release sites and regions. We hypothesize that forest microhabitats and parasitoid overwintering life stages affect parasitoid overwintering survival, development, and emergence phenology of adults in the spring. To test this, we placed logs containing 3 different larval stages of S. galinae (early instar larva, late instar larva, and cocoon) in ventilated jars in 2 distinct microhabitat sites, i.e., urban forest and mature natural forest. These were deployed in late fall of 2020 and remained in the field through winter. The emergence of adult parasitoids was recorded in spring through summer of 2021. Parasitoids in the warmer urban site emerged more quickly, emerging 12 d earlier than parasitoids in the cooler mature forest site. None of the S. galinae deployed as early instar larvae diapaused in either urban or forest sites. In both habitats, 27.1 to 32.1% of late instar larvae diapaused. Across overwintering larval stages, the median time of S. galinae emergence was about 24 d in the urban microhabitat, significantly shorter than that (36 d) observed in the mature forest microhabitat. Our findings suggest that environmental factors profoundly affect S. galinae phenology, and consequently emerald ash borer biological control. Resumen Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) se encuentra entre varios parasitoides introducidos como agentes de biocontrol clásico para el control del barrenador esmeralda del fresno invasivo, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), en los EE. UU. Sin embargo, el establecimiento exitoso de este parasitoide y su eficacia para suprimir el barrenador esmeralda del fresno varían entre los sitios y regiones de liberación. Nuestra hipótesis es que los microhábitats del bosque y los estadios de vida de hibernación del parasitoide afectan la sobrevivencia, el desarrollo y la fenología de emergencia de los adultos en la primavera. Para probar esto, colocamos troncos que contenían 3 estadios larvales diferentes de S. galinae (larva de estadio temprano, larva de estadio tardío y capullo) en frascos ventilados en dos sitios de microhábitat distintos, un bosque urbano y un bosque natural maduro. Estos se desplegaron a fines del otoño del 2020 y permanecieron en el campo durante el invierno. Se registró la aparición de parasitoides adultos desde la primavera hasta el verano del 2021. Los parasitoides en el sitio urbano más cálido emergieron más rápidamente, emergiendo 12 días antes que los parasitoides en el sitio de bosque maduro más frío. Ninguno de los S. galinae se desplegó como larvas de estadio temprano en diapausa en sitios u","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"104 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nixon, Caitlin Barnes, Anthony Rugh, C. Hott, Lee Carper, J. Cullum, Sharon Jones, D. Ludwick, Cameron Scorza, T. Leskey
Summary Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), spotted lanternfly, is an invasive planthopper now present in over a dozen states in the eastern US. Developing protocols to rear L. delicatula has been a high priority for potential classical biological control programs and controlled experiments. Here, we evaluated 9 different materials to serve as potential removable oviposition substrates to enable large numbers of egg masses to be collected in the field. We found that roofing shingles, roof caps, and ash bark were all acceptable substrates for L. delicatula, but that care must be taken in handling to ensure egg masses are not damaged or dislodged. Sumario Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), la mosca linterna manchada, es una saltahoja invasor que ahora está presente en más de una docena de los estados del este de los EE. UU. El desarrollo de protocolos para criar L. delicatula ha sido una alta prioridad para los posibles programas de control biológico clásico y experimentos controlados. Aquí, evaluamos 9 materiales diferentes para que sirvan como posibles sustratos de oviposición removibles para permitir la recolección de grandes cantidades de masas de huevos en el campo. Descubrimos que las tejas para techos, las tapas de los techos y la corteza de fresno eran sustratos aceptables para L. delicatula, pero se debe tener cuidado en el manejo para garantizar que las masas de huevos no se dañen o se desprendan.
{"title":"Evaluating Materials to Serve as Removable Oviposition Substrates for Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Under Field Conditions","authors":"L. Nixon, Caitlin Barnes, Anthony Rugh, C. Hott, Lee Carper, J. Cullum, Sharon Jones, D. Ludwick, Cameron Scorza, T. Leskey","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0213","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), spotted lanternfly, is an invasive planthopper now present in over a dozen states in the eastern US. Developing protocols to rear L. delicatula has been a high priority for potential classical biological control programs and controlled experiments. Here, we evaluated 9 different materials to serve as potential removable oviposition substrates to enable large numbers of egg masses to be collected in the field. We found that roofing shingles, roof caps, and ash bark were all acceptable substrates for L. delicatula, but that care must be taken in handling to ensure egg masses are not damaged or dislodged. Sumario Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), la mosca linterna manchada, es una saltahoja invasor que ahora está presente en más de una docena de los estados del este de los EE. UU. El desarrollo de protocolos para criar L. delicatula ha sido una alta prioridad para los posibles programas de control biológico clásico y experimentos controlados. Aquí, evaluamos 9 materiales diferentes para que sirvan como posibles sustratos de oviposición removibles para permitir la recolección de grandes cantidades de masas de huevos en el campo. Descubrimos que las tejas para techos, las tapas de los techos y la corteza de fresno eran sustratos aceptables para L. delicatula, pero se debe tener cuidado en el manejo para garantizar que las masas de huevos no se dañen o se desprendan.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"141 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44662383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Sánchez-Flores, Oswaldo García-Martínez, J. Coronado-Blanco, E. Ruíz-Cancino
Abstract Aleurotulus carapiai Sánchez-Flores & García-Martínez sp. nov. is described. This new species was found in Saltillo, Coahuila, and in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, on the underside of rosemary leaves, Syngonium neglectum Schott (Araceae). Microphotographs of morphological structures of puparium are provided, and separation from other Aleurotulus species is discussed. A key for the species of the genus is proposed. Resumen Se describe Aleurotulus carapiai Sánchez-Flores & García-Martínez sp. nov. Esta nueva especie fue encontrada en Saltillo, Coahuila, y en Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, en el envés de las hojas del romero aromático, Syngonium neglectum Schott (Araceae). Se proporcionan microfotografías de las estructuras morfológicas del puparium y se discute la separación con otras especies de Aleurotulus. Se propone una clave para las especies del género.
{"title":"Description of a New Species of Aleurotulus Quaintance & Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Mexico, with a Key to Species","authors":"O. Sánchez-Flores, Oswaldo García-Martínez, J. Coronado-Blanco, E. Ruíz-Cancino","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aleurotulus carapiai Sánchez-Flores & García-Martínez sp. nov. is described. This new species was found in Saltillo, Coahuila, and in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, on the underside of rosemary leaves, Syngonium neglectum Schott (Araceae). Microphotographs of morphological structures of puparium are provided, and separation from other Aleurotulus species is discussed. A key for the species of the genus is proposed. Resumen Se describe Aleurotulus carapiai Sánchez-Flores & García-Martínez sp. nov. Esta nueva especie fue encontrada en Saltillo, Coahuila, y en Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, en el envés de las hojas del romero aromático, Syngonium neglectum Schott (Araceae). Se proporcionan microfotografías de las estructuras morfológicas del puparium y se discute la separación con otras especies de Aleurotulus. Se propone una clave para las especies del género.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"69 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pollinators for the fiber crop cotton are underused despite evidence that cross-pollination can increase yields. In addition, existing research largely ignores the potential of insects other than bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophilia) to provide pollination services for cotton. We observed plant bugs, cotton fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), visiting flowers of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) and carrying cotton pollen grains on their bodies. We hypothesized that fleahoppers might contribute to cross-pollination of cotton as they forage among flowers. To test this hypothesis, we examined P. seriatus flower visitation frequency, cotton pollen load, pollen analog dispersal, and cross-pollination capacity. We found that cotton fleahoppers visited 21% of flowers observed in our field site and that they deposited a pollen analog on 12.5% of the flowers accessible in a field cage. However, individual cotton fleahoppers are likely too small to carry enough grains to fertilize self-sterile cotton flowers, because field collected cotton fleahoppers carried approximately 25 pollen grains per insect, which is less than what is needed for cotton flowers to set fruit. Overall, we found that cotton fleahoppers were unable to stimulate cotton fruit development in self-sterile flowers. Nevertheless, we predict that cotton fleahoppers may contribute to cross-pollination of cotton within a community of pollinators, and that they may pollinate their wild host plants which have smaller or clustered flowers. We encourage researchers to continue to investigate non-bee pollinators in wild and agroecosystems. Resumen Los polinizadores para el cultivo de fibra de algodón están infrautilizados a pesar de la evidencia de que la polinización cruzada puede aumentar los rendimientos. Además, la investigación existente ignora en gran medida el potencial de los insectos distintos a las abejas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophilia) para proporcionar servicios de polinización para el algodón. Observamos chinches de plantas, saltahojas del algodón, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), visitando flores de algodón americano (upland), Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) y llevando granos de polen de algodón sobre sus cuerpos. Presumimos que los saltahojas podrían contribuir a la polinización cruzada del algodón mientras se alimentan entre las flores. Para probar esta hipótesis, examinamos la frecuencia de visitas de flores de P. seriatus, la carga de polen de algodón, la dispersión de análogos de polen y la capacidad de polinización cruzada. Encontramos que los saltamontes del algodón visitaron el 21% de las flores observadas en nuestro sitio de campo y que depositaron un análogo de polen en el 12,5% de las flores accesibles en una jaula de campo. Sin embargo, es probable que los saltahojas de algodón individualmente sean demasiado pequeños para transportar suficientes granos para fertilizar las flores de
{"title":"Bugs Carry Pollen Too: Pollination Efficiency of Plant Bug Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Visiting Cotton Flowers","authors":"Loriann C Garcia, Jason Gould, M. Eubanks","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollinators for the fiber crop cotton are underused despite evidence that cross-pollination can increase yields. In addition, existing research largely ignores the potential of insects other than bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophilia) to provide pollination services for cotton. We observed plant bugs, cotton fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), visiting flowers of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) and carrying cotton pollen grains on their bodies. We hypothesized that fleahoppers might contribute to cross-pollination of cotton as they forage among flowers. To test this hypothesis, we examined P. seriatus flower visitation frequency, cotton pollen load, pollen analog dispersal, and cross-pollination capacity. We found that cotton fleahoppers visited 21% of flowers observed in our field site and that they deposited a pollen analog on 12.5% of the flowers accessible in a field cage. However, individual cotton fleahoppers are likely too small to carry enough grains to fertilize self-sterile cotton flowers, because field collected cotton fleahoppers carried approximately 25 pollen grains per insect, which is less than what is needed for cotton flowers to set fruit. Overall, we found that cotton fleahoppers were unable to stimulate cotton fruit development in self-sterile flowers. Nevertheless, we predict that cotton fleahoppers may contribute to cross-pollination of cotton within a community of pollinators, and that they may pollinate their wild host plants which have smaller or clustered flowers. We encourage researchers to continue to investigate non-bee pollinators in wild and agroecosystems. Resumen Los polinizadores para el cultivo de fibra de algodón están infrautilizados a pesar de la evidencia de que la polinización cruzada puede aumentar los rendimientos. Además, la investigación existente ignora en gran medida el potencial de los insectos distintos a las abejas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophilia) para proporcionar servicios de polinización para el algodón. Observamos chinches de plantas, saltahojas del algodón, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), visitando flores de algodón americano (upland), Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) y llevando granos de polen de algodón sobre sus cuerpos. Presumimos que los saltahojas podrían contribuir a la polinización cruzada del algodón mientras se alimentan entre las flores. Para probar esta hipótesis, examinamos la frecuencia de visitas de flores de P. seriatus, la carga de polen de algodón, la dispersión de análogos de polen y la capacidad de polinización cruzada. Encontramos que los saltamontes del algodón visitaron el 21% de las flores observadas en nuestro sitio de campo y que depositaron un análogo de polen en el 12,5% de las flores accesibles en una jaula de campo. Sin embargo, es probable que los saltahojas de algodón individualmente sean demasiado pequeños para transportar suficientes granos para fertilizar las flores de ","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"122 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly mobile and polyphagous pest known to feed on over 300 cultivated and wild host plant species. Larvae cause significant economic damage to several commercial row crops over multiple generations each growing season. The objective of this study was to compare biological fitness of H. zea on 5 weedy host plants commonly found across the mid-south US. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr. (all Fabaceae), and honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.; Caprifoliaceae) were evaluated as primary food sources for H. zea under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 0.5 °C, a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, and a 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod. This study measures the development, biomass, survival, and fecundity of H. zea when reared on the reproductive tissues of 5 common weeds. Larvae of H. zea successfully developed on all 5 weeds to adulthood, but significant mortality (> 50%) was observed for larvae reared on hairy vetch, honeysuckle, and kudzu. Larval developmental periods ranged from 30 d to 39 d for H. zea reared on honeysuckle and white clover, respectively. Pupal biomass ranged 158.1 mg to 161.2 mg for individuals reared on hairy vetch, followed by 196.2 mg to 202.8 mg on crimson clover, and 204.6 to 217.4 mg for individuals on white clover, honeysuckle, and kudzu collectively. Pupal emergence varied from 92.1% to 61.8% for crimson clover and hairy vetch, respectively. Larval mortality varied from 25.3% on crimson clover to 68.9% for hairy vetch. Average adult longevity ranged from 10 d to 11 d for females and males reared on crimson clover to 4 d on kudzu and 4 d on white clover for female and male, respectively. The average number of eggs laid by females reared on crimson clover, white clover, hairy vetch, honeysuckle, and kudzu were 553.5, 512.3, 288.2, 194.7, and 142.2, respectively. Our findings indicate crimson and white clover were among the most suitable hosts, and kudzu the most unsuitable based on larval mortality and reproductive capability. Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los parámetros biológicos de Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en cinco plantas hospederas comunes de mid-south: trébol carmesí (Trifolium incarnatum L.), trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.), arveja vellosa (Vicia villosa Roth), kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) (todos Fabaceae) y madreselva Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) evaluadas bajo condiciones de laboratorio a 27 ± 0.5 °C, 60 ± 5% de humedad relativa y un fotoperíodo de 14:10 (L:O). Se midió el tiempo de desarrollo de huevo, larva y pupa, peso pupal, longevidad y fecundidad del adulto de H. zea. La larva se desarrolló con excito hasta adulto sobre las cinco plantas hospederas, sin embargo, se observo una diferencia significativa de > 50% in larvas criadas en arveja vellosa, madreselva y kudzu. El rango de
{"title":"Development, Survival, and Fecundity of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Five Weedy Host Plants Common across the Mid-South USA","authors":"J. Glover, M. Portilla, G. Reddy","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly mobile and polyphagous pest known to feed on over 300 cultivated and wild host plant species. Larvae cause significant economic damage to several commercial row crops over multiple generations each growing season. The objective of this study was to compare biological fitness of H. zea on 5 weedy host plants commonly found across the mid-south US. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr. (all Fabaceae), and honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.; Caprifoliaceae) were evaluated as primary food sources for H. zea under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 0.5 °C, a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, and a 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod. This study measures the development, biomass, survival, and fecundity of H. zea when reared on the reproductive tissues of 5 common weeds. Larvae of H. zea successfully developed on all 5 weeds to adulthood, but significant mortality (> 50%) was observed for larvae reared on hairy vetch, honeysuckle, and kudzu. Larval developmental periods ranged from 30 d to 39 d for H. zea reared on honeysuckle and white clover, respectively. Pupal biomass ranged 158.1 mg to 161.2 mg for individuals reared on hairy vetch, followed by 196.2 mg to 202.8 mg on crimson clover, and 204.6 to 217.4 mg for individuals on white clover, honeysuckle, and kudzu collectively. Pupal emergence varied from 92.1% to 61.8% for crimson clover and hairy vetch, respectively. Larval mortality varied from 25.3% on crimson clover to 68.9% for hairy vetch. Average adult longevity ranged from 10 d to 11 d for females and males reared on crimson clover to 4 d on kudzu and 4 d on white clover for female and male, respectively. The average number of eggs laid by females reared on crimson clover, white clover, hairy vetch, honeysuckle, and kudzu were 553.5, 512.3, 288.2, 194.7, and 142.2, respectively. Our findings indicate crimson and white clover were among the most suitable hosts, and kudzu the most unsuitable based on larval mortality and reproductive capability. Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los parámetros biológicos de Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en cinco plantas hospederas comunes de mid-south: trébol carmesí (Trifolium incarnatum L.), trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.), arveja vellosa (Vicia villosa Roth), kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) (todos Fabaceae) y madreselva Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) evaluadas bajo condiciones de laboratorio a 27 ± 0.5 °C, 60 ± 5% de humedad relativa y un fotoperíodo de 14:10 (L:O). Se midió el tiempo de desarrollo de huevo, larva y pupa, peso pupal, longevidad y fecundidad del adulto de H. zea. La larva se desarrolló con excito hasta adulto sobre las cinco plantas hospederas, sin embargo, se observo una diferencia significativa de > 50% in larvas criadas en arveja vellosa, madreselva y kudzu. El rango de","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"45 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45135808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. G. Tillman, K. Kesheimer, Katherine L. Hirsch, E. Grabarczyk
Abstract The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous pest that disperses from non-crop host plants into crops in search of food. Sassafras trees (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees; Lauraceae) are found commonly in woodland habitats in the southeastern US and may therefore be a potential host. The main objective of this 2-yr study was to determine if sassafras serves as a host plant for this pest in woodland habitats adjacent to crops in Prattville, Alabama, and Byron, Georgia, USA. Each yr pheromone-baited traps were deployed in the canopy of sassafras trees to capture H. halys. We also evaluated parasitism and predation of H. halys sentinel egg masses by native parasitoids and predators in sassafras. Halyomorpha halys adult males and females as well as second through fifth instars were captured in traps and observed in sassafras trees over the season at both locations each yr of the study. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (67.7%) and Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18.3%) were the primary parasitoid species that emerged from H. halys sentinel egg masses. Stylet sucking (62.3%) and chewing (32.0%) were the primary types of predation on H. halys eggs. We conclude that sassafras is a reproductive host plant for H. halys, and native natural enemies prey on and parasitize H. halys egg masses in this host plant. Resumen La chinche hedionda invasora marrón marmolada, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), es una plaga polífaga que se dispersa de plantas hospedantes no cultivadas a los cultivos en busca de alimento. Se les encuentran en los árboles de sasafrás (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees; Lauraceae) comúnmente en hábitats boscosos del sureste de los EE. UU. y por lo tanto este puede ser un hospedero potencial. El objetivo principal de este estudio de 2 años fue determinar si el sasafrás sirve como planta hospedera para esta plaga en hábitats boscosos adyacentes a cultivos en Prattville, Alabama, y Byron, Georgia, EE. UU. Cada año, se colocaron trampas cebadas con feromonas en el dosel de los árboles de sasafrás para capturar H. halys. También evaluamos el parasitismo y la depredación de masas de huevos centinela de H. halys por parasitoides nativos y depredadores en sasafrás. Se capturaron machos y hembras adultos así como ninfas del segundo al quinto estadio de Halyomorpha halys en las trampas, y se observaron en árboles de sasafrás durante la temporada en ambos lugares cada año del estudio. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (67,7%) y Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18,3%) fueron las principales especies de parasitoides que emergieron de las masas de huevos centinela de H. halys. La succión por los estiletes (62,3%) y la masticación (32,0%) fueron las principales clases de depredación sobre los huevos de H. halys. Concluimos que el sasafrás es una planta hospedera reproductiva para H. h
{"title":"Assessment of Development, Parasitism, and Predation of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Sassafras (Lauraceae) in Southeastern US Agroecosystems","authors":"P. G. Tillman, K. Kesheimer, Katherine L. Hirsch, E. Grabarczyk","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous pest that disperses from non-crop host plants into crops in search of food. Sassafras trees (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees; Lauraceae) are found commonly in woodland habitats in the southeastern US and may therefore be a potential host. The main objective of this 2-yr study was to determine if sassafras serves as a host plant for this pest in woodland habitats adjacent to crops in Prattville, Alabama, and Byron, Georgia, USA. Each yr pheromone-baited traps were deployed in the canopy of sassafras trees to capture H. halys. We also evaluated parasitism and predation of H. halys sentinel egg masses by native parasitoids and predators in sassafras. Halyomorpha halys adult males and females as well as second through fifth instars were captured in traps and observed in sassafras trees over the season at both locations each yr of the study. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (67.7%) and Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18.3%) were the primary parasitoid species that emerged from H. halys sentinel egg masses. Stylet sucking (62.3%) and chewing (32.0%) were the primary types of predation on H. halys eggs. We conclude that sassafras is a reproductive host plant for H. halys, and native natural enemies prey on and parasitize H. halys egg masses in this host plant. Resumen La chinche hedionda invasora marrón marmolada, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), es una plaga polífaga que se dispersa de plantas hospedantes no cultivadas a los cultivos en busca de alimento. Se les encuentran en los árboles de sasafrás (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees; Lauraceae) comúnmente en hábitats boscosos del sureste de los EE. UU. y por lo tanto este puede ser un hospedero potencial. El objetivo principal de este estudio de 2 años fue determinar si el sasafrás sirve como planta hospedera para esta plaga en hábitats boscosos adyacentes a cultivos en Prattville, Alabama, y Byron, Georgia, EE. UU. Cada año, se colocaron trampas cebadas con feromonas en el dosel de los árboles de sasafrás para capturar H. halys. También evaluamos el parasitismo y la depredación de masas de huevos centinela de H. halys por parasitoides nativos y depredadores en sasafrás. Se capturaron machos y hembras adultos así como ninfas del segundo al quinto estadio de Halyomorpha halys en las trampas, y se observaron en árboles de sasafrás durante la temporada en ambos lugares cada año del estudio. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (67,7%) y Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18,3%) fueron las principales especies de parasitoides que emergieron de las masas de huevos centinela de H. halys. La succión por los estiletes (62,3%) y la masticación (32,0%) fueron las principales clases de depredación sobre los huevos de H. halys. Concluimos que el sasafrás es una planta hospedera reproductiva para H. h","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"16 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although expressions of warning intruders in colonies of polistine wasps appear to vary somewhat with species-specific defensiveness, the type of intrusion, age of the colony, age and type of the nest occupants, and degree of colony homeostasis, they often share commonly expressed forms of behavior when warning both invertebrate and vertebrate intruders in the vicinity of the nest site. Warning behavior is not associated with most of the home range but with a nest yard, an area within visual range of the nest. The distance from the nest at which stinging is demonstrated is defined as a sting threshold point, which varies among different species and at different periods in the annual cycle. Aposematic coloration and pattern, expressed to varying degrees in different species and sexes, are demonstrated passively but play an active role in defense when combined with warning displays. While males do not engage in active defense, they play a more passive defensive role, and sometimes possess stronger aposematic patterns than those of females. They also engage in a low degree of overt warning expressions. Resumen Mientras que las expresiones de advertencia en las colonias de avispas polistinas parecen variar algo con actitudes defensiva propias de cada especie, el tipo de intrusión, edad de la Colonia, edad y tipo de ocupantes del nido y el grado de homeostasis de la colonia, a menudo comparten formas comunes de comportamiento de advertencia ante intrusos que se acerquen al nido ya sean invertebrados o vertebrados. El comportamiento de advertencia no está asociado con la mayoría del área de vida (home range) sino con el “patio del nido,” la adyacencia inmediata visual al nido. La distancia del nido a la cual puede suceder la picadura se define como el umbral de la picaura, la cual varía entre diferentes especies y en diferentes períodos del ciclo anual. Coloración aposemática y patrón, expresado en diversos grados en diferentes especies y sexos, se manifiestan pasivamente, pero juegan un papel activo en la defensa cuando se combina con el comportamiento agonístico. Aunque los machos no participan en la defensa activa, ellos juegan un papel defensivo pasivo y a menudo poseen patrones aposemáticos más fuertes que los de las hembras. También participan en bajo grado en manifiestas expresiones de advertencia.
{"title":"Defensive Warning Behavior Expressed by Three Species of Polistine Wasps","authors":"H. R. Hermann, Timothy Kelting, Peter Capobianco","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although expressions of warning intruders in colonies of polistine wasps appear to vary somewhat with species-specific defensiveness, the type of intrusion, age of the colony, age and type of the nest occupants, and degree of colony homeostasis, they often share commonly expressed forms of behavior when warning both invertebrate and vertebrate intruders in the vicinity of the nest site. Warning behavior is not associated with most of the home range but with a nest yard, an area within visual range of the nest. The distance from the nest at which stinging is demonstrated is defined as a sting threshold point, which varies among different species and at different periods in the annual cycle. Aposematic coloration and pattern, expressed to varying degrees in different species and sexes, are demonstrated passively but play an active role in defense when combined with warning displays. While males do not engage in active defense, they play a more passive defensive role, and sometimes possess stronger aposematic patterns than those of females. They also engage in a low degree of overt warning expressions. Resumen Mientras que las expresiones de advertencia en las colonias de avispas polistinas parecen variar algo con actitudes defensiva propias de cada especie, el tipo de intrusión, edad de la Colonia, edad y tipo de ocupantes del nido y el grado de homeostasis de la colonia, a menudo comparten formas comunes de comportamiento de advertencia ante intrusos que se acerquen al nido ya sean invertebrados o vertebrados. El comportamiento de advertencia no está asociado con la mayoría del área de vida (home range) sino con el “patio del nido,” la adyacencia inmediata visual al nido. La distancia del nido a la cual puede suceder la picadura se define como el umbral de la picaura, la cual varía entre diferentes especies y en diferentes períodos del ciclo anual. Coloración aposemática y patrón, expresado en diversos grados en diferentes especies y sexos, se manifiestan pasivamente, pero juegan un papel activo en la defensa cuando se combina con el comportamiento agonístico. Aunque los machos no participan en la defensa activa, ellos juegan un papel defensivo pasivo y a menudo poseen patrones aposemáticos más fuertes que los de las hembras. También participan en bajo grado en manifiestas expresiones de advertencia.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"38 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lampert, J. R. Salvadori, D. Lau, Paulo R. V. da S. Pereira, E. Engel, M. Savaris
Abstract Sipha maydis (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a pest of cultivated cereals and wild grasses introduced into America and first reported in South America at Argentina in 2002. In Brazil, this aphid was detected first in wheat in Oct 2006 at Rio Grande do Sul State. Between 2007 and 2013 the aphid was reported in several localities in the humid subtropical region of Brazil (southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná) on different plant species including Triticum aestivum L., Avena strigosa Schreb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L. (all Poaceae) and uncultivated grasses. Sipha maydis also has been captured in yellow tray traps. Peak flight activity for S. maydis occurred in the spring-summer transition and was apparently correlated with average air temperature. Sipha maydis was able to complete its life cycle on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, Z. mays, and T. aestivum. During the nymphal phase the best hosts were A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum. Hordeum vulgare and T. aestivum were the best for the reproductive period and longevity. The intrinsic rate of increase was greatest on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, and T. aestivum. Generation time was longer on H. vulgare, Z. mays, and T. aestivum. Net rate reproduction was greater in H. vulgare and T. aestivum, and the finite rate of increase was greatest on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum. Although the distribution of S. maydis is expanding and covering the main wheat-growing region of Brazil, and despite the wide range of hosts and the direct damage it causes to local foraging sites, aphid populations are low and their economic importance is limited. However, it reveals that S. maydis has the potential to colonize subtropical regions. Resumen Sipha maydis (Passerini) é uma praga de cereais cultivados e gramíneas silvestres introduzida na América e relatada pela primeira vez na América do Sul na Argentina em 2002. No Brasil, o pulgão-preto-dos-cereais foi detectado pela primeira vez em Triticum aestivum L. em outubro de 2006 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Entre 2007 e 2013, o pulgão foi relatado em várias localidades da região subtropical húmida do Brasil (Estados da Região Sul: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná) em diferentes espécies de plantas como T. aestivum, Avena strigosa Schreb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L. (todas Poaceae), e gramíneas não cultivadas. Sipha maydis também foi capturado em armadilhas do tipo bandeja amarela para pulgões alados. O pico de ocorrência das formas aladas na transição primavera-verão é aparentemente correlacionado com a temperatura média do ar. S. maydis foi capaz de completar o ciclo de vida em A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, Z. mays, e T. aestivum. Durante a fase de ninfa, os melhores hospedeiros foram A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, e T. aestivum. A H. vulgare e o T. aestivum foram os melhores par
{"title":"Sipha maydis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Humid Subtropical Region of Brazil: Distribution, Seasonality and Biology","authors":"S. Lampert, J. R. Salvadori, D. Lau, Paulo R. V. da S. Pereira, E. Engel, M. Savaris","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sipha maydis (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a pest of cultivated cereals and wild grasses introduced into America and first reported in South America at Argentina in 2002. In Brazil, this aphid was detected first in wheat in Oct 2006 at Rio Grande do Sul State. Between 2007 and 2013 the aphid was reported in several localities in the humid subtropical region of Brazil (southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná) on different plant species including Triticum aestivum L., Avena strigosa Schreb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L. (all Poaceae) and uncultivated grasses. Sipha maydis also has been captured in yellow tray traps. Peak flight activity for S. maydis occurred in the spring-summer transition and was apparently correlated with average air temperature. Sipha maydis was able to complete its life cycle on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, Z. mays, and T. aestivum. During the nymphal phase the best hosts were A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum. Hordeum vulgare and T. aestivum were the best for the reproductive period and longevity. The intrinsic rate of increase was greatest on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, and T. aestivum. Generation time was longer on H. vulgare, Z. mays, and T. aestivum. Net rate reproduction was greater in H. vulgare and T. aestivum, and the finite rate of increase was greatest on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum. Although the distribution of S. maydis is expanding and covering the main wheat-growing region of Brazil, and despite the wide range of hosts and the direct damage it causes to local foraging sites, aphid populations are low and their economic importance is limited. However, it reveals that S. maydis has the potential to colonize subtropical regions. Resumen Sipha maydis (Passerini) é uma praga de cereais cultivados e gramíneas silvestres introduzida na América e relatada pela primeira vez na América do Sul na Argentina em 2002. No Brasil, o pulgão-preto-dos-cereais foi detectado pela primeira vez em Triticum aestivum L. em outubro de 2006 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Entre 2007 e 2013, o pulgão foi relatado em várias localidades da região subtropical húmida do Brasil (Estados da Região Sul: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná) em diferentes espécies de plantas como T. aestivum, Avena strigosa Schreb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L. (todas Poaceae), e gramíneas não cultivadas. Sipha maydis também foi capturado em armadilhas do tipo bandeja amarela para pulgões alados. O pico de ocorrência das formas aladas na transição primavera-verão é aparentemente correlacionado com a temperatura média do ar. S. maydis foi capaz de completar o ciclo de vida em A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, Z. mays, e T. aestivum. Durante a fase de ninfa, os melhores hospedeiros foram A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, e T. aestivum. A H. vulgare e o T. aestivum foram os melhores par","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"106 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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