Abstract Conspicuous mating signals of insects can be exploited by unintended predators and parasites to locate the signaler. Since these interactions can bear a substantial cost for the signaler, selection may cause changes in their signals, possibly contributing to the evolution of the communication system. Understanding the life history of the interacting species, especially that of the eavesdropper, is essential to better quantify the selective pressures in these interactions. The katydid, Neoconocephalus triops L. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), is parasitized by the lethal tachinid fly, Ormia lineifrons Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae), in Florida. I collected N. triops in the field to characterize its parasitism by O. lineifrons and determine the efficiency of the fly's host use. The parasitism rate of N. triops was 48.2% and about half of the parasitized males (47.2%) were superparasitized. All parasitized katydids died and no larva that was the result of superparasitism survived the host's death. The average parasite load was 2.73 ± 1.20 larvae, and 49.5% of the fly pupae successfully developed into adult flies in 12.12 ± 0.60 d. Neoconocephalus triops also was parasitized by an undescribed species of Neomintho (Diptera: Tachinidae). The high superparasitism rate despite its low success suggests that O. lineifrons has not evolved traits to reliably distinguish between unparasitized and parasitized hosts. The high parasitism rate of N. triops suggests that O. lineifrons exerts substantial selective pressure on N. triops. However, the low developmental success of fly larvae may indicate that N. triops has evolved counter adaptations in its arms race with O. lineifrons, or N. triops might be a low-quality host. Resumen Depredadores y parasitoides no intencionados pueden aprovechar las conspicuas señales de apareamiento de los insectos para localizar al emisor. Dado que estas interacciones pueden asumir un costo sustancial para el emisor de señales, la selección puede provocar cambios en sus señales, lo que posiblemente contribuya a la evolución del sistema de comunicación. Comprender la historia de vida de las especies que interactúan, especialmente la del espía, es esencial para cuantificar mejor las presiones selectivas en estas interacciones. La esperanza, Neoconocephalus triops L. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), es parasitado por la letal mosca taquínida, Ormia lineifrons Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae) en la Florida. Recolecté N. triops en campo para caracterizar su parasitismo por O. lineifrons y determinar la eficiencia del uso de este como un hospedero de la mosca. La tasa de parasitismo de N. triops fue del 48,2% y aproximadamente la mitad de los machos parasitados (47,2%) estaban superparasitados. Todos las esperanzas parasitadas murieron y ninguna larva resultante del superparasitismo sobrevivió a la muerte del hospedero. El promedio de la razón de parasitismo fue de 2,73 ± 1,20 larvas y el 49,5 % de las pupas de mosca se convirtieron con
昆虫明显的交配信号可以被无意的捕食者和寄生虫利用来定位信号者。由于这些相互作用对信号发送者来说代价很大，选择可能导致它们的信号发生变化，从而可能促进通信系统的进化。了解相互作用物种的生活史，特别是窃听者的生活史，对于更好地量化这些相互作用中的选择压力至关重要。在美国佛罗里达州，一种名叫Neoconocephalus triops L.的蝈蝈儿(直翅目:蝶蛾科)被致命的速蝇Ormia lineifrons Sabrosky(双翅目:速蝇科)所寄生。我在野外收集了金蝇，以表征其被线纹金蝇寄生的特征，并确定了金蝇对宿主的利用效率。寄生蜂的寄生率为48.2%，其中约一半(47.2%)的寄生蜂被超寄生。所有被寄生的蝈蝈都死亡了，而且由于过度寄生导致的幼虫没有在宿主死亡后存活下来。蝇蛹平均载虫量为2.73±1.20只，12.12±0.60 d成蝇成功率为49.5%。新头蝇还被一种未描述的新蝇(双翅目:速蝇科)寄生。高的超寄生率和低的寄生成功率表明，扁扁螟还没有进化出能够可靠地区分未寄生和被寄生寄主的性状。三毛小蜂的高寄生率表明，线纹小蜂对三毛小蜂施加了很大的选择压力。然而，苍蝇幼虫的低发育成功率可能表明N. triops在与O. lineifrons的军备竞赛中进化出了反适应，或者N. triops可能是一个低质量的宿主。resume (resume) . resume (resume) . resume (resume) . resume (resume) . resume (resume)。建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统，建立一个相互交流的系统。理解《历史》(la history de vida de las species que interactúan，特别是《历史》(la del espía)，是重要的准量化专业课程的选修课程和互动课程。新头蝇(直翅目:蠓科)，寄生蝇(寄生蝇科)taquínida，沙蚤(双翅目:蠓科)，佛罗里达。利用确定的效率模型，研究了在蚊子体内的寄生性，并在蚊子体内的寄生性。寄生蜂(La tasa de parasitismo de N. triops fue del 48.2%)和寄生蜂(alproximadamente La mitad de los machos parasitados 47.2%)建立了超级寄生蜂。通过对幼虫的寄生研究，得出了超级寄生的结论sobrevivió a la muerte del hospedero。El promedio de la razón de parasitismo fue为2,73±1,20，幼虫为4,9,5 %的幼虫de mosca se conviration为12,12±0,60 días。新脑壳虫属(新脑壳虫科)，属新脑壳虫属(新脑壳虫科)。超级寄生虫病的高级分类是一种特殊的遗传变异，是一种特殊的遗传变异，是一种特殊的遗传变异，是一种特殊的遗传变异。寄生性小蜂的寄生性与寄生性小蜂的寄生性有关。在禁运期间，联合国的通讯通讯系统(以下称“通讯系统”)与联合国部队(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统(以下称“联合国部队”)的通讯系统。
{"title":"Parasitism of the Katydid Neoconocephalus triops (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) by the Tachinid Flies Ormia lineifrons and Neomintho sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae)","authors":"Oliver M. Beckers","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conspicuous mating signals of insects can be exploited by unintended predators and parasites to locate the signaler. Since these interactions can bear a substantial cost for the signaler, selection may cause changes in their signals, possibly contributing to the evolution of the communication system. Understanding the life history of the interacting species, especially that of the eavesdropper, is essential to better quantify the selective pressures in these interactions. The katydid, Neoconocephalus triops L. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), is parasitized by the lethal tachinid fly, Ormia lineifrons Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae), in Florida. I collected N. triops in the field to characterize its parasitism by O. lineifrons and determine the efficiency of the fly's host use. The parasitism rate of N. triops was 48.2% and about half of the parasitized males (47.2%) were superparasitized. All parasitized katydids died and no larva that was the result of superparasitism survived the host's death. The average parasite load was 2.73 ± 1.20 larvae, and 49.5% of the fly pupae successfully developed into adult flies in 12.12 ± 0.60 d. Neoconocephalus triops also was parasitized by an undescribed species of Neomintho (Diptera: Tachinidae). The high superparasitism rate despite its low success suggests that O. lineifrons has not evolved traits to reliably distinguish between unparasitized and parasitized hosts. The high parasitism rate of N. triops suggests that O. lineifrons exerts substantial selective pressure on N. triops. However, the low developmental success of fly larvae may indicate that N. triops has evolved counter adaptations in its arms race with O. lineifrons, or N. triops might be a low-quality host. Resumen Depredadores y parasitoides no intencionados pueden aprovechar las conspicuas señales de apareamiento de los insectos para localizar al emisor. Dado que estas interacciones pueden asumir un costo sustancial para el emisor de señales, la selección puede provocar cambios en sus señales, lo que posiblemente contribuya a la evolución del sistema de comunicación. Comprender la historia de vida de las especies que interactúan, especialmente la del espía, es esencial para cuantificar mejor las presiones selectivas en estas interacciones. La esperanza, Neoconocephalus triops L. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), es parasitado por la letal mosca taquínida, Ormia lineifrons Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae) en la Florida. Recolecté N. triops en campo para caracterizar su parasitismo por O. lineifrons y determinar la eficiencia del uso de este como un hospedero de la mosca. La tasa de parasitismo de N. triops fue del 48,2% y aproximadamente la mitad de los machos parasitados (47,2%) estaban superparasitados. Todos las esperanzas parasitadas murieron y ninguna larva resultante del superparasitismo sobrevivió a la muerte del hospedero. El promedio de la razón de parasitismo fue de 2,73 ± 1,20 larvas y el 49,5 % de las pupas de mosca se convirtieron con","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41560386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Rubio-Aragón, C. López-Orona, G. A. López-Urquídez, María A. Payán-Arzapalo, Abraham Cruz-Mendívil, S. Hernández-Verdugo, J. E. Retes-Manjarrez
Abstract The objectives of this study were to develop a rapid screening method for resistance to Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in pepper by assessing insect mortality and leaf consumption in seedlings as resistance traits, and analyze their interaction with leaf morphological parameters under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were grown from seeds harvested from fruits collected from 23 populations (10 landrace and 13 wild) in Mexico as well as commercial cultivars. Leaves of 40-d-old seedlings were infested in micro-cages with 5 weevils per seedling. Eight plants were screened for each population to analyze insect mortality and leaf consumption. The experiment was replicated twice in 2 consecutive yr. The wild and landrace populations showed significantly higher number of dead adults, and lower feeding punctures and damaged leaf area from 5 to 19 d after infestation in comparison with the commercial cultivars, suggesting that wild and landrace populations are less sensitive to A. eugenii damage. The number of dead adults was correlated negatively with the feeding punctures and damaged leaf area, suggesting that the lower feeding damage was a result of higher A. eugenii mortality. This study provides a new rapid and simple method for screening resistance for control of A. eugenii in pepper populations and provides a promising source of resistant plant material that may be useful in breeding programs. Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron desarrollar un método de escrutinio rápido para la resistencia a Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en chiles mediante la evaluación de la mortalidad de insectos y el consumo de hojas en plántulas como caracteres de resistencia, y analizar su interacción con los parámetros morfológicos de las hojas en condiciones de invernadero. Las plántulas se cultivaron a partir de semillas extraídas de frutos recolectados de 23 poblaciones (10 variedades locales y 13 silvestres) en México, así como de cultivares comerciales. Se infestaron hojas de plántulas de 40 días en microjaulas con 5 insectos por plántula. Se seleccionaron 8 plantas para cada población para analizar la mortalidad de insectos y el consumo de hojas. El experimento se repitió dos veces en dos años consecutivos. Las poblaciones silvestres y criollas mostraron un número significativamente mayor de adultos muertos y menores pinchazos de alimentación y área foliar dañada de 5 a 19 días después de la infestación en comparación con los cultivares comerciales, lo que sugiere que las poblaciones silvestres y locales son menos sensibles al daño de A. eugenii. El número de adultos muertos se correlacionó negativamente con las marcas por alimentación y el área foliar dañada, lo que sugiere que el menor daño por alimentación fue el resultado de una mayor mortalidad de A. eugenii. Este estudio proporciona un nuevo método rápido y simple para detectar resistencia contra A. eugenii en poblaciones de chile y proporciona fuentes
{"title":"A Rapid Screening Method for Resistance to Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Capsicum (Solanaceae) spp. Plants","authors":"W. Rubio-Aragón, C. López-Orona, G. A. López-Urquídez, María A. Payán-Arzapalo, Abraham Cruz-Mendívil, S. Hernández-Verdugo, J. E. Retes-Manjarrez","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objectives of this study were to develop a rapid screening method for resistance to Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in pepper by assessing insect mortality and leaf consumption in seedlings as resistance traits, and analyze their interaction with leaf morphological parameters under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were grown from seeds harvested from fruits collected from 23 populations (10 landrace and 13 wild) in Mexico as well as commercial cultivars. Leaves of 40-d-old seedlings were infested in micro-cages with 5 weevils per seedling. Eight plants were screened for each population to analyze insect mortality and leaf consumption. The experiment was replicated twice in 2 consecutive yr. The wild and landrace populations showed significantly higher number of dead adults, and lower feeding punctures and damaged leaf area from 5 to 19 d after infestation in comparison with the commercial cultivars, suggesting that wild and landrace populations are less sensitive to A. eugenii damage. The number of dead adults was correlated negatively with the feeding punctures and damaged leaf area, suggesting that the lower feeding damage was a result of higher A. eugenii mortality. This study provides a new rapid and simple method for screening resistance for control of A. eugenii in pepper populations and provides a promising source of resistant plant material that may be useful in breeding programs. Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron desarrollar un método de escrutinio rápido para la resistencia a Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en chiles mediante la evaluación de la mortalidad de insectos y el consumo de hojas en plántulas como caracteres de resistencia, y analizar su interacción con los parámetros morfológicos de las hojas en condiciones de invernadero. Las plántulas se cultivaron a partir de semillas extraídas de frutos recolectados de 23 poblaciones (10 variedades locales y 13 silvestres) en México, así como de cultivares comerciales. Se infestaron hojas de plántulas de 40 días en microjaulas con 5 insectos por plántula. Se seleccionaron 8 plantas para cada población para analizar la mortalidad de insectos y el consumo de hojas. El experimento se repitió dos veces en dos años consecutivos. Las poblaciones silvestres y criollas mostraron un número significativamente mayor de adultos muertos y menores pinchazos de alimentación y área foliar dañada de 5 a 19 días después de la infestación en comparación con los cultivares comerciales, lo que sugiere que las poblaciones silvestres y locales son menos sensibles al daño de A. eugenii. El número de adultos muertos se correlacionó negativamente con las marcas por alimentación y el área foliar dañada, lo que sugiere que el menor daño por alimentación fue el resultado de una mayor mortalidad de A. eugenii. Este estudio proporciona un nuevo método rápido y simple para detectar resistencia contra A. eugenii en poblaciones de chile y proporciona fuentes ","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Thrips are serious pests of several kinds of crop plants throughout the world. Their attack leads to loss in plant production. Common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), and red-banded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (both Thysanoptera: Thripidae), are serious insect pests attacking various plants, such as tomato (Solanum esculentum Miller [Solanaceae]), mango (Mangifera indica Linnaeus [Anacardiaceae]), avocado (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae]), and lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. [Nelumbonaceae]). Currently, basic thrips control relies on synthetic insecticides. However, the toxicity of each existing insecticide for control of some specific pest species still has not been well established. This study evaluated and reported the toxicity of 6 insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cypermethrin, carbosulfan, fipronil, abamectin, and spinetoram) for control of the 2 thrips species mentioned above. The evaluation was done by exposing 10 thrips to a bean dipped in insecticide, and mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure under laboratory conditions. Spinetoram was the most toxic to F. schultzei with an estimated LC50 of 0.05 ng per µL. For red-banded thrips, S. rubrocinctus, the most toxic insecticides were abamectin, spinetoram, and fipronil, with LC50 values of 1.67, 1.85, and 4.23 ng per µL, respectively. On the other hand, the least toxic insecticide to common blossom thrips and red-banded thrips was chlorantraniliprole, with LC50 values of 270.51 and 641.08 ng per µL, respectively. Overall, among the tested chemicals, spinetoram was the most effective in controlling these pests. The findings from this study will benefit developers of insecticide management strategies in thrips control programs. Resumen Los trips son plagas importantes de varios tipos de plantas de cultivo en todo el mundo. Su ataque conduce a pérdidas en la producción vegetal. El trips común de las flores, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), y el trips de bandas rojas, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (ambos Thysanoptera: Thripidae), son insectos plaga de graves que atacan a varias plantas, como el tomate (Solanum esculentum Miller [Solanaceae]), el mango (Mangifera indica Linnaeus [Anacardiaceae]), aguacate (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae]) y laflor de loto (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. [Nelumbonaceae]). Actualmente, el control básico de los trips se basa en insecticidas sintéticos. Sin embargo, aún no se ha establecido bien la toxicidad de cada insecticida existente para el control de algunas especies de plagas específicas. Este estudio se evaluó y se informa sobre la toxicidad de 6 insecticidas (clorantraniliprol, cipermetrina, carbosulfán, fipronil, abamectina y spinetoram) para el control de las 2 especies de trips mencionadas anteriormente. Se realizó la evaluación exponiendo 10 trips a un frijol sumergido en insecticida y se registró la mortalidad a las 24 horas de exposición en condiciones de laboratorio. El espinetoram fue el
摘要蓟马是世界上几种农作物的严重害虫。它们的攻击导致植物产量的损失。常见的开花蓟马Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom)和红带蓟马Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard)(均为蓟翅目:蓟科)是严重的害虫，危害各种植物，如番茄(Solanum esculentum Miller [Solanaceae])、芒果(Mangifera indica Linnaeus [Anacardiaceae])、鳄梨(Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae])和莲花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)。莲科)。目前，对蓟马的基本控制依赖于合成杀虫剂。然而，每种现有杀虫剂控制某些特定害虫的毒性仍未得到很好的确定。本研究评价并报道了氯虫腈、氯氰菊酯、硫磺胺、氟虫腈、阿维菌素和刺乐仑6种杀虫剂对上述2种蓟马的毒性。通过将10只蓟马暴露于浸有杀虫剂的豆子中进行评估，并在实验室条件下记录暴露24小时后的死亡率。Spinetoram对F. schultzei的毒性最大，估计LC50为0.05 ng /µL。对红带蓟马(S. rubrocinctus)毒性最大的杀虫剂为阿维菌素、spinetoram和氟虫腈，LC50值分别为1.67、1.85和4.23 ng /µL。氯虫腈对普通花蓟马和红带蓟马的毒性最小，LC50值分别为270.51和641.08 ng /µL。总的来说，在所测试的化学物质中，spinetoram对这些害虫的控制最有效。本研究结果将有利于蓟马控制项目中杀虫剂管理策略的开发者。resume:恢复，恢复，恢复，恢复，恢复，恢复Su ataque进行了一次passrdidas en la producción植物人。El trips común de las flores, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom)， El trips de bandas rojas, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (ambos Thysanoptera: Thripidae)，子昆虫plaga de graves que atacan a varas plantas, como El tomate (Solanum esculentum Miller [Solanaceae])， El mango (Mangifera indica Linnaeus [Anacardiaceae])， aguaguate (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae])和laflor de loto (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)。莲科)。实际上，el控制básico在疟疾的传播中使用了杀虫剂。在禁运期间，aún没有发现建立了一个关于杀虫剂毒性的系统，存在一个关于寄生虫的控制系统específicas。Este estudio se evaluó y . e. informa sobre la toxicidad 6种杀虫剂(氯虫腈、甲虫腈、carbosulfán、氟虫腈、甲虫腈和spinetoram)对2种蚊虫的防治效果。请查阅realizó la evaluación exponiendo 10次旅行，并在杀虫剂上查阅registró la mortalidad和las 24次旅行，请查阅exposición en condiones de laboratoro。El espinetoram fue El más tóxico para F. schultzei con valvalcl50估计值为0.05 ng pµL。黄斑蝽，红斑蝽，幼虫幼虫más tóxicos黄斑蝽，棘虫啉氟虫腈，幼虫幼虫数量分别为1、67、1、85、4、23 ng / pµL。Por otro lado, el杀虫剂menos tóxico para el trips común de las flores y el trips de banda roja fute el clantranilprol, con valor de CL50 de 270,51 y 641,08 ng p00l。一般情况下，entre los productos químicos probados, el spinetoram futes más有效地控制了estplas。Los hallazgos de este estustudio beneficiarán和Los desarrolladores de strategias de manejo de杀虫剂和Los programas de control de trips。
{"title":"Toxicity for Control of Frankliniella schultzei and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of Several Common Synthetic Insecticides","authors":"M. Kilaso","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thrips are serious pests of several kinds of crop plants throughout the world. Their attack leads to loss in plant production. Common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), and red-banded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (both Thysanoptera: Thripidae), are serious insect pests attacking various plants, such as tomato (Solanum esculentum Miller [Solanaceae]), mango (Mangifera indica Linnaeus [Anacardiaceae]), avocado (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae]), and lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. [Nelumbonaceae]). Currently, basic thrips control relies on synthetic insecticides. However, the toxicity of each existing insecticide for control of some specific pest species still has not been well established. This study evaluated and reported the toxicity of 6 insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cypermethrin, carbosulfan, fipronil, abamectin, and spinetoram) for control of the 2 thrips species mentioned above. The evaluation was done by exposing 10 thrips to a bean dipped in insecticide, and mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure under laboratory conditions. Spinetoram was the most toxic to F. schultzei with an estimated LC50 of 0.05 ng per µL. For red-banded thrips, S. rubrocinctus, the most toxic insecticides were abamectin, spinetoram, and fipronil, with LC50 values of 1.67, 1.85, and 4.23 ng per µL, respectively. On the other hand, the least toxic insecticide to common blossom thrips and red-banded thrips was chlorantraniliprole, with LC50 values of 270.51 and 641.08 ng per µL, respectively. Overall, among the tested chemicals, spinetoram was the most effective in controlling these pests. The findings from this study will benefit developers of insecticide management strategies in thrips control programs. Resumen Los trips son plagas importantes de varios tipos de plantas de cultivo en todo el mundo. Su ataque conduce a pérdidas en la producción vegetal. El trips común de las flores, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), y el trips de bandas rojas, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (ambos Thysanoptera: Thripidae), son insectos plaga de graves que atacan a varias plantas, como el tomate (Solanum esculentum Miller [Solanaceae]), el mango (Mangifera indica Linnaeus [Anacardiaceae]), aguacate (Persea americana Miller [Lauraceae]) y laflor de loto (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. [Nelumbonaceae]). Actualmente, el control básico de los trips se basa en insecticidas sintéticos. Sin embargo, aún no se ha establecido bien la toxicidad de cada insecticida existente para el control de algunas especies de plagas específicas. Este estudio se evaluó y se informa sobre la toxicidad de 6 insecticidas (clorantraniliprol, cipermetrina, carbosulfán, fipronil, abamectina y spinetoram) para el control de las 2 especies de trips mencionadas anteriormente. Se realizó la evaluación exponiendo 10 trips a un frijol sumergido en insecticida y se registró la mortalidad a las 24 horas de exposición en condiciones de laboratorio. El espinetoram fue el ","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41387319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey J. Benthall, N. Avila, Layne B. Leake, Emily R. Althoff, A. Nielsen, Kevin B. Rice
Summary Parasitoid wasps play a vital role in regulating insect population dynamics in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Yellow sticky card traps are a key component in integrated pest management and the primary sampling method for estimating parasitoid abundance and diversity. Retention of 3 parasitoid wasp species on 2 yellow sticky card traps was compared and it was found that up to 34% of parasitoids escaped within 72 h, suggesting this commonly used sampling technique may underestimate parasitoid abundance and diversity. Sumario Las avispas parasitoides desempeñan un papel fundamental en la regulación de la dinámica de poblaciones de insectos tanto en ecosistemas agrícolas como naturales. Las trampas adhesivas amarillas son un componente clave en el manejo integrado de plagas y el principal método de muestreo para estimar la abundancia y diversidad de parasitoides. Se comparó la retención de 3 especies de avispas parasitoides en 2 trampas de tarjetas adhesivas amarillas y se encontró que hasta el 34% de los parasitoides escaparon dentro de las 72 h, lo que sugiere que esta técnica de muestreo comúnmente utilizada puede subestimar la abundancia y diversidad de parasitoides.
{"title":"Comparison of Parasitoid Retention on Yellow Sticky Card Traps","authors":"Kelsey J. Benthall, N. Avila, Layne B. Leake, Emily R. Althoff, A. Nielsen, Kevin B. Rice","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Parasitoid wasps play a vital role in regulating insect population dynamics in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Yellow sticky card traps are a key component in integrated pest management and the primary sampling method for estimating parasitoid abundance and diversity. Retention of 3 parasitoid wasp species on 2 yellow sticky card traps was compared and it was found that up to 34% of parasitoids escaped within 72 h, suggesting this commonly used sampling technique may underestimate parasitoid abundance and diversity. Sumario Las avispas parasitoides desempeñan un papel fundamental en la regulación de la dinámica de poblaciones de insectos tanto en ecosistemas agrícolas como naturales. Las trampas adhesivas amarillas son un componente clave en el manejo integrado de plagas y el principal método de muestreo para estimar la abundancia y diversidad de parasitoides. Se comparó la retención de 3 especies de avispas parasitoides en 2 trampas de tarjetas adhesivas amarillas y se encontró que hasta el 34% de los parasitoides escaparon dentro de las 72 h, lo que sugiere que esta técnica de muestreo comúnmente utilizada puede subestimar la abundancia y diversidad de parasitoides.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44307270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The effects of relative humidity and diet moisture content level were determined for the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), when reared on an artificial diet (Cenibroca) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Three relative humidity levels (i.e., 65, 75, and 85%) at 3 moisture content levels (i.e., 50, 60, and 70%) were evaluated. This artificial diet has been used routinely for over 5 yr to rear coffee berry borer. The following biological parameters were measured for each treatment diet, i.e., preoviposition period, oviposition and feeding behavior, total progeny production, and reproductive potential. The highest reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase were obtained with Cenibroca diets containing 50% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity, and 60% moisture content level at 75% relative humidity. The lowest reproductive and intrinsic rate of increase occurred using a diet containing 70% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity. Resumen Se examinó el efecto de la humedad relativa y niveles de contenido de humedad en la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) cuando se reprodujo en una dieta artificial (Cenibroca) a una temperatura constante de 25 °C. Se evaluó la respuesta de la broca del café bajo 3 niveles de humedades relativas (i.e., 65, 75, y 85%) y 3 niveles de contenido de humedad (i.e., 50, 60, y 70%). Esta dieta artificial se ha venido utilizando rutinariamente para reproducir la broca el café por generaciones sucesivas por más de 5 años. En cada tratamiento se estimaron los siguientes parámetros biológicos, i.e., período de pre-oviposición, comportamiento de oviposición y alimentación, progenie total por hembra y potencial reproductivo. Los valores mas altos de la tasa reproductiva y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento se obtuvieron en los tratamientos con la dieta Cenibroca que contenía 50% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa, y dieta con un 60% niveles de contenido de humedad a 75% humedad relativa. Los valores mas bajos de la tasa reproductiva se encontraron en el tratamiento 70% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa.
{"title":"Biological Responses of Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cenibroca Artificial Diet at Different Moisture Content Levels and Relative Humidities","authors":"M. Portilla, D. Streett","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of relative humidity and diet moisture content level were determined for the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), when reared on an artificial diet (Cenibroca) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Three relative humidity levels (i.e., 65, 75, and 85%) at 3 moisture content levels (i.e., 50, 60, and 70%) were evaluated. This artificial diet has been used routinely for over 5 yr to rear coffee berry borer. The following biological parameters were measured for each treatment diet, i.e., preoviposition period, oviposition and feeding behavior, total progeny production, and reproductive potential. The highest reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase were obtained with Cenibroca diets containing 50% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity, and 60% moisture content level at 75% relative humidity. The lowest reproductive and intrinsic rate of increase occurred using a diet containing 70% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity. Resumen Se examinó el efecto de la humedad relativa y niveles de contenido de humedad en la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) cuando se reprodujo en una dieta artificial (Cenibroca) a una temperatura constante de 25 °C. Se evaluó la respuesta de la broca del café bajo 3 niveles de humedades relativas (i.e., 65, 75, y 85%) y 3 niveles de contenido de humedad (i.e., 50, 60, y 70%). Esta dieta artificial se ha venido utilizando rutinariamente para reproducir la broca el café por generaciones sucesivas por más de 5 años. En cada tratamiento se estimaron los siguientes parámetros biológicos, i.e., período de pre-oviposición, comportamiento de oviposición y alimentación, progenie total por hembra y potencial reproductivo. Los valores mas altos de la tasa reproductiva y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento se obtuvieron en los tratamientos con la dieta Cenibroca que contenía 50% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa, y dieta con un 60% niveles de contenido de humedad a 75% humedad relativa. Los valores mas bajos de la tasa reproductiva se encontraron en el tratamiento 70% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We characterized the entomopathogenic fungal species, Conoideocrella luteorostrata (Zimm.) D. Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), on the elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), infesting Fraser fir Christmas tree, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir (Pinaceae). Fraser fir Christmas trees that were cultivated in Michigan, North Carolina, and Virginia were intercepted in Florida during plant inspection. This study is based on the isolation in pure culture, and morphological and molecular characterization using a 4-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1) and represents the first record of C. luteorostrata on F. externa. In addition, we reviewed all previously reported natural enemies of F. externa in the USA, discussed their potential as biological control agents, and concluded the need to explore a new natural enemy of F. externa. We recommend using C. luteorostrata as a biocontrol agent for F. externa. We also suggest that our isolate could be a source of new uncharacterized active compounds and could be used in the biological control of whiteflies and scale insects, as demonstrated in other C. luteorostrata strains. We also discussed the importance of investigating biological control agents in pest and pathogen interception samples.
{"title":"Characterization of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the Scale Insect Pest Fiorinia externa Infesting the Christmas Tree Abies fraseri in the USA","authors":"Hector Urbina, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We characterized the entomopathogenic fungal species, Conoideocrella luteorostrata (Zimm.) D. Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), on the elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), infesting Fraser fir Christmas tree, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir (Pinaceae). Fraser fir Christmas trees that were cultivated in Michigan, North Carolina, and Virginia were intercepted in Florida during plant inspection. This study is based on the isolation in pure culture, and morphological and molecular characterization using a 4-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1) and represents the first record of C. luteorostrata on F. externa. In addition, we reviewed all previously reported natural enemies of F. externa in the USA, discussed their potential as biological control agents, and concluded the need to explore a new natural enemy of F. externa. We recommend using C. luteorostrata as a biocontrol agent for F. externa. We also suggest that our isolate could be a source of new uncharacterized active compounds and could be used in the biological control of whiteflies and scale insects, as demonstrated in other C. luteorostrata strains. We also discussed the importance of investigating biological control agents in pest and pathogen interception samples.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are polyphagous pests that disperse from woodland habitats into crops following food availability. Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.; Rosaceae) is common in the southeast US. In this 3-yr study, our principal objective was to determine if black cherry acts as a reproductive host as well as a source of food for stink bugs in woodland habitats adjacent to crops in Georgia, USA. Each yr, black cherry trees were examined visually for stink bug species and stages in addition to using pheromone-baited canopy and ground traps to capture them. In 2016, we compared the number of stink bugs captured in canopy traps versus ground-based traps. Chinavia hilaris Say, Euschistus servus (Say), Euschistus tristigmus (Say), and Nezara viridula (L.) (all Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were detected in traps each yr of the study. Total number of stink bugs was significantly higher in ground traps (1.53 ± 0.07) compared to canopy traps (0.71 ± 0.07) in the 2016 test. Only C. hilaris (99.2%) and N. viridula (0.8%) were found on trees during visual sampling. Over both types of sampling methods, egg masses, most instars, and both sexes of adults of C. hilaris were detected in black cherry. The nymph to adult ratio for this species was 1:1 in traps and nymph biased in visual samples. Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (44%), Trissolcus edessae Fouts (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (35%), and Ooencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (21%) emerged from C. hilaris egg masses. The nymph to adult ratio for N. viridula was adult biased. Both nymphs and adults of E. servus and E. tristigmus were captured in traps; however, the majority of individuals were adults. We conclude that black cherry is a significant reproductive host and a food source for C. hilaris. However, our results indicate that it serves as a food source more so than a reproductive host for the other 3 stink bug species.
{"title":"Black Cherry as A Host Plant For Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Agroecosystems in Georgia, USA","authors":"P. G. Tillman, T. Cottrell, E. Grabarczyk","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are polyphagous pests that disperse from woodland habitats into crops following food availability. Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.; Rosaceae) is common in the southeast US. In this 3-yr study, our principal objective was to determine if black cherry acts as a reproductive host as well as a source of food for stink bugs in woodland habitats adjacent to crops in Georgia, USA. Each yr, black cherry trees were examined visually for stink bug species and stages in addition to using pheromone-baited canopy and ground traps to capture them. In 2016, we compared the number of stink bugs captured in canopy traps versus ground-based traps. Chinavia hilaris Say, Euschistus servus (Say), Euschistus tristigmus (Say), and Nezara viridula (L.) (all Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were detected in traps each yr of the study. Total number of stink bugs was significantly higher in ground traps (1.53 ± 0.07) compared to canopy traps (0.71 ± 0.07) in the 2016 test. Only C. hilaris (99.2%) and N. viridula (0.8%) were found on trees during visual sampling. Over both types of sampling methods, egg masses, most instars, and both sexes of adults of C. hilaris were detected in black cherry. The nymph to adult ratio for this species was 1:1 in traps and nymph biased in visual samples. Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (44%), Trissolcus edessae Fouts (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (35%), and Ooencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (21%) emerged from C. hilaris egg masses. The nymph to adult ratio for N. viridula was adult biased. Both nymphs and adults of E. servus and E. tristigmus were captured in traps; however, the majority of individuals were adults. We conclude that black cherry is a significant reproductive host and a food source for C. hilaris. However, our results indicate that it serves as a food source more so than a reproductive host for the other 3 stink bug species.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42768860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Two main pests were found attacking purple mombin or Spanish plum, Spondias purpurea (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in Homestead, Florida, USA: Tenuipalpus uvae De Leon (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), a flat mite damaging the leaves, and the spondias psyllid, Calophya spondiadis Burkhardt & Mendez (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) feeding on the flowers, fruitlets, and tender expanding leaves. Tenuipalpus uvae populations are composed principally of females. Female longevity was 13.1 ± 2.0 d and unmated females oviposited 5.0 ± 1.0 eggs in their lifetime. On average, eclosure time for eggs from laboratory-reared unmated females was 10.2 ± 0.1 d, and developmental times for the larva, protonymph, and deutonymph were 6.6 ± 0.4 d, 5.7 ± 0.2 d, and 6.8 ± 0.7 d, respectively. In a survey of S. purpurea leaflets, the upper surface had a significantly higher number of nymph and adult mites (6.43 ± 0.60) than the lower surface (2.29 ± 0.35). Calophya spondiadis laid their eggs on flowers at first, because these were the first to sprout in Jan, and they were heavily infested by the end of Mar with an average of 10.9 ± 1.5 eggs and 9.6 ± 1.1 nymphs per flower. Few eggs or nymphs (0.17 ± 0.17 and 0.08 ± 0.08, respectively) were found per fruit; nonetheless, the fruit did have multiple punctures or necrotic spots (16.7 ± 4.3 per fruit), likely acquired as nymphs fed on the flowers and their ovaries. Significantly more eggs were found on the upper surface of the leaves and the petiole portion adjacent to each leaflet than the underside of the leaves, and most nymphs migrated to the undersides. The feeding damage resulted in black, necrotic spots that became brown pits as the leaves matured and hardened.
{"title":"Tenuipalpus uvae (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Calophya spondiadis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), pests of Spondias in Florida, USA","authors":"R. Duncan, J. Peña, D. Carrillo","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Two main pests were found attacking purple mombin or Spanish plum, Spondias purpurea (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in Homestead, Florida, USA: Tenuipalpus uvae De Leon (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), a flat mite damaging the leaves, and the spondias psyllid, Calophya spondiadis Burkhardt & Mendez (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) feeding on the flowers, fruitlets, and tender expanding leaves. Tenuipalpus uvae populations are composed principally of females. Female longevity was 13.1 ± 2.0 d and unmated females oviposited 5.0 ± 1.0 eggs in their lifetime. On average, eclosure time for eggs from laboratory-reared unmated females was 10.2 ± 0.1 d, and developmental times for the larva, protonymph, and deutonymph were 6.6 ± 0.4 d, 5.7 ± 0.2 d, and 6.8 ± 0.7 d, respectively. In a survey of S. purpurea leaflets, the upper surface had a significantly higher number of nymph and adult mites (6.43 ± 0.60) than the lower surface (2.29 ± 0.35). Calophya spondiadis laid their eggs on flowers at first, because these were the first to sprout in Jan, and they were heavily infested by the end of Mar with an average of 10.9 ± 1.5 eggs and 9.6 ± 1.1 nymphs per flower. Few eggs or nymphs (0.17 ± 0.17 and 0.08 ± 0.08, respectively) were found per fruit; nonetheless, the fruit did have multiple punctures or necrotic spots (16.7 ± 4.3 per fruit), likely acquired as nymphs fed on the flowers and their ovaries. Significantly more eggs were found on the upper surface of the leaves and the petiole portion adjacent to each leaflet than the underside of the leaves, and most nymphs migrated to the undersides. The feeding damage resulted in black, necrotic spots that became brown pits as the leaves matured and hardened.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ascunce, R. V. Vander Meer, Satya Chinta, Cassandra S. Ogura-Yamada, D. Oishi
Summary Ants intercepted by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture in 2018 and 2019 identified as Solenopsis spp., and possibly S. invicta, were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects Research Unit for further taxonomic assessment using genetic and chemical methods. The 2018 sample consisted of 1 worker ant, and the 2019 sample consisted of 3 worker ants. Thoraces were used for genetic assessment and gasters were used for venom analyses. It was determined readily from genetic and chemical analyses that the intercepted ants were not S. invicta or S. richteri. Mitochondrial COX1 gene sequences were compared with previously published data from Solenopsis species. The closest match for the 2018 sample was S. xyloni, which is native to the shipment's origin (San Diego, California, USA). The 2 major alkaloids found were characteristic of the S. geminata species group. In addition, the alkaloid ratio closely matched that of S. xyloni. Therefore, the alkaloid analysis of the 2018 intercepted ant concurs with the genetic data that the ant was an S. xyloni worker. The COX1 gene sequences of the 2019 interceptions most closely matched S. geminata. The corresponding venom alkaloid profile also eliminated S. invicta and S. richteri as possibilities. However, 1 major alkaloid was unusual (Fig. 2) and normally is found only in trace amounts. We suggest the 2019 specimens are an unusual variant of S. geminata.
{"title":"Genetic and Chemical Profiling of Solenopsis spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Intercepted in Hawaii","authors":"M. Ascunce, R. V. Vander Meer, Satya Chinta, Cassandra S. Ogura-Yamada, D. Oishi","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0114","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Ants intercepted by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture in 2018 and 2019 identified as Solenopsis spp., and possibly S. invicta, were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects Research Unit for further taxonomic assessment using genetic and chemical methods. The 2018 sample consisted of 1 worker ant, and the 2019 sample consisted of 3 worker ants. Thoraces were used for genetic assessment and gasters were used for venom analyses. It was determined readily from genetic and chemical analyses that the intercepted ants were not S. invicta or S. richteri. Mitochondrial COX1 gene sequences were compared with previously published data from Solenopsis species. The closest match for the 2018 sample was S. xyloni, which is native to the shipment's origin (San Diego, California, USA). The 2 major alkaloids found were characteristic of the S. geminata species group. In addition, the alkaloid ratio closely matched that of S. xyloni. Therefore, the alkaloid analysis of the 2018 intercepted ant concurs with the genetic data that the ant was an S. xyloni worker. The COX1 gene sequences of the 2019 interceptions most closely matched S. geminata. The corresponding venom alkaloid profile also eliminated S. invicta and S. richteri as possibilities. However, 1 major alkaloid was unusual (Fig. 2) and normally is found only in trace amounts. We suggest the 2019 specimens are an unusual variant of S. geminata.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is one of the most prolific invasive species in the southeastern US. These invaders preferentially colonize highly disturbed land and grassland habitat. Management of livestock in pasture systems can have a profound impact on the level of disturbance in grassland habitats, and we hypothesized that adaptive multi-paddock pasture management would significantly increase S. invicta abundance in southeastern US pastures where arthropod diversity would decrease as S. invicta abundance increases. We studied the effects that adaptive multi-paddock pasture management systems (based on stocking density, rotation frequency, and insecticide/anthelmintic [wormer] application rates) have on fire ant mound abundance and arthropod diversity for the soil, foliar, and dung communities. Solenopsis invicta mounds and mound areas were documented along transect lines in 6 pastures. Soil and foliar arthropod communities were collected along the same transect lines, and dung communities were sampled from pats within the pasture system. Pastures managed under adaptive multi-paddock practices had 3.4× more S. invicta mounds and 4.6× more mound area than their conventionally managed counterparts. However, arthropod diversity did not correlate with S. invicta abundance in any of the 3 arthropod communities sampled. This study shows adaptive multi-paddock pasture management can increase S. invicta mound abundance, but arthropod communities in adaptive multi-paddock pastures do not suffer decreased diversity from increased abundance of S. invicta.
{"title":"Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Burden) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Abundance and Arthropod Community Diversity Affected by Pasture Management","authors":"Ryan B. Schmid, J. Lundgren","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is one of the most prolific invasive species in the southeastern US. These invaders preferentially colonize highly disturbed land and grassland habitat. Management of livestock in pasture systems can have a profound impact on the level of disturbance in grassland habitats, and we hypothesized that adaptive multi-paddock pasture management would significantly increase S. invicta abundance in southeastern US pastures where arthropod diversity would decrease as S. invicta abundance increases. We studied the effects that adaptive multi-paddock pasture management systems (based on stocking density, rotation frequency, and insecticide/anthelmintic [wormer] application rates) have on fire ant mound abundance and arthropod diversity for the soil, foliar, and dung communities. Solenopsis invicta mounds and mound areas were documented along transect lines in 6 pastures. Soil and foliar arthropod communities were collected along the same transect lines, and dung communities were sampled from pats within the pasture system. Pastures managed under adaptive multi-paddock practices had 3.4× more S. invicta mounds and 4.6× more mound area than their conventionally managed counterparts. However, arthropod diversity did not correlate with S. invicta abundance in any of the 3 arthropod communities sampled. This study shows adaptive multi-paddock pasture management can increase S. invicta mound abundance, but arthropod communities in adaptive multi-paddock pastures do not suffer decreased diversity from increased abundance of S. invicta.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48587856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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