Abstract Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect which has caused severe damage to corn seedlings in recent yr in the summer corn region of China. It is suggested that this is a migrant species, which annually produces 4 different host-fed generations, but the discovery of its flight performance on each host has been elusive. The effects of 4 host plants—corn, peanut, soybean, and wheat—on the survival ratio of larvae and on the flight performance of A. lepigone moths were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that wheat was the comparatively preferred diet for larvae. The flight distance of A. lepigone moths increased from 1 d old to a peak level at 3 d and then declined after 4 d old within a 24 h limited flight time. The positive larval-nutrition relationship in terms of flight capability of A. lepigone moths also resulted in the furthest distance and longest duration from the preferred wheat. The maximum distance covered by a single individual fed on wheat for 24 h was 44.55 km. The max duration of an individual was 21.46 h. However, A. lepigone moths had a comparatively higher maximum immediate speed (max speed) when larvae fed on non-preferred host plants such as corn and peanut. The sex of the moths from different hosts had no effect on flight distance, duration, or max speed. There were 2 peaks in flight duration of all 3 to 4 d old tested moths, which meant 2 groups: short flight and long flight duration. The difference between hosts in terms of distance, duration, and max speed as previously mentioned occurred only in the long flight duration group. All these results enhance understanding of the seasonal population dynamics of this migratory moth in the agricultural ecosystem in China. They also have important implications for natural environments in terms of migration and outbreaks. Resumen Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es un insecto polífago que ha causado graves daños a las plántulas de maíz en los últimos años en la región de maíz de verano de China. Se sugiere que esta es una especie migratoria, que anualmente produce 4 generaciones alimentadas por diferentes hospederos, pero ha eludido el descubrir el desempeño de vuelo en cada hospedero. Los efectos de 4 plantas hospederas—maíz, maní, soja, y trigo—en la tasa de sobrevivencia de las larvas y en el rendimiento de vuelo de las polillas. De A. lepigone fue investigado en condiciones de laboratorio. Los resultados indican que el trigo fue la dieta comparativamente preferida para las larvas. La distancia de vuelo de las polillas A. lepigone aumentó desde el primer día hasta un nivel máximo a los 3 días y luego disminuyó después de los 4 días dentro de un tiempo de vuelo limitado de 24 horas. La relación positiva larva-nutrición en términos de capacidad de vuelo de las polillas A. lepigone también resultó en la mayor distancia y mayor duración del trigo preferido. La distancia máxima recorrida por un s
摘要:鳞翅目:夜蛾科(Möschler)是近年来在中国夏玉米区造成严重危害的一种多食性昆虫。有人认为这是一种迁徙物种，每年产生4个不同的寄主世代，但它在每个寄主上的飞行表现一直难以捉摸。在室内试验条件下，研究了玉米、花生、大豆和小麦4种寄主植物对褐飞蛾幼虫成活率和飞行性能的影响。结果表明，小麦是幼虫相对偏好的食物。在24 h的限定飞行时间内，甲绒月蛾的飞行距离从1 d增加到3 d达到峰值，4 d后下降。在飞行能力上呈正营养关系，也导致其与优选小麦的距离最远，持续时间最长。单只采食小麦24 h的最大覆盖距离为44.55 km。而以玉米、花生等非偏好寄主植物为食时，其最大瞬时速度(max speed)相对较高。来自不同寄主的飞蛾的性别对飞行距离、持续时间或最大速度没有影响。3 ~ 4 d龄飞蛾的飞行时间均出现2个高峰，即飞行时间短和飞行时间长2组。正如前面提到的，在距离、持续时间和最大速度方面，宿主之间的差异只发生在长飞行时间组中。这些结果有助于进一步了解该飞蛾在中国农业生态系统中的季节性种群动态。它们还在移徙和疾病暴发方面对自然环境产生重要影响。Resumen Athetis lepigone (Möschler)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)是一种昆虫polífago que ha causado graves daños a las plántulas de maíz en los últimos años en la región de maíz de verano de China。特别是移民群体，每年产生4代的营养物质和不同的移民群体，这些移民群体的生活方式不同，他们的生活方式不同，他们的生活方式不同。4种植物的Los effects: hospederas-maíz, maní，大豆，y - 3 - en - la tasa de sobrevivencia de las laras laras, y - el rendimiento de vuelo de las polillas。在实验室条件下对雷氏单胞菌的研究。结果表明，幼虫的食性和食性是不同的。La distance de vuelo de las polillas a . lepigone aumentó desdesel primer día hasta unnivel máximo a los 3 días y luego disminuyó despusams de los 4 días dentro de untiempo de vuelo limitado de 24 horas。La relación positiva larva-nutrición en tsamrminos de capacidad de los los polillas A. lepigone tamamsamrines resultó en La mayor distance by mayor duración del trigo preferido。这个距离máxima recorrida是一个单独的个人食物，在连续24小时的时间里，总共44,55公里。La duración máxima de un individuo fute de 21,46 h. Sin embargo, las polillas A. lepigone tenían una velocidad inmediata máxima comparativamente más alta (velocidad máxima) cuando las larvas se alimentaban de plantas hospederas no preferidides, como el maíz y el maní。El sexo de las polillas de different hospederos tuvo ningún effect to soberia distance de vuelo, la duración o la velocidad máxima。Hubo 2 picos en la duración del vuelo de todas las polillas de 3 a 4 días de edad probadas, lo que significó 2组:vuelo corto y vuelo largo。La differencia entre los hospederos en the rrminos de distance, duración y velocity máxima, como se mencionó前程，ocurrió solo en el group de large duración del vuelo。在中国的研究中，研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:研究结果表明:tamamicenenen的影响:重要的自然环境与tamamicenenenes的关系与tamamicenenes的关系与tamamicenenes的关系。
{"title":"The Effect of Larval Diet on the Flight Capability of the Adult Moth Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Jianrong Huang, Lina Gao, Tessa Cobb, Guoping Li, Caihong Tian, Aiju Duan, H. Feng","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect which has caused severe damage to corn seedlings in recent yr in the summer corn region of China. It is suggested that this is a migrant species, which annually produces 4 different host-fed generations, but the discovery of its flight performance on each host has been elusive. The effects of 4 host plants—corn, peanut, soybean, and wheat—on the survival ratio of larvae and on the flight performance of A. lepigone moths were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that wheat was the comparatively preferred diet for larvae. The flight distance of A. lepigone moths increased from 1 d old to a peak level at 3 d and then declined after 4 d old within a 24 h limited flight time. The positive larval-nutrition relationship in terms of flight capability of A. lepigone moths also resulted in the furthest distance and longest duration from the preferred wheat. The maximum distance covered by a single individual fed on wheat for 24 h was 44.55 km. The max duration of an individual was 21.46 h. However, A. lepigone moths had a comparatively higher maximum immediate speed (max speed) when larvae fed on non-preferred host plants such as corn and peanut. The sex of the moths from different hosts had no effect on flight distance, duration, or max speed. There were 2 peaks in flight duration of all 3 to 4 d old tested moths, which meant 2 groups: short flight and long flight duration. The difference between hosts in terms of distance, duration, and max speed as previously mentioned occurred only in the long flight duration group. All these results enhance understanding of the seasonal population dynamics of this migratory moth in the agricultural ecosystem in China. They also have important implications for natural environments in terms of migration and outbreaks. Resumen Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es un insecto polífago que ha causado graves daños a las plántulas de maíz en los últimos años en la región de maíz de verano de China. Se sugiere que esta es una especie migratoria, que anualmente produce 4 generaciones alimentadas por diferentes hospederos, pero ha eludido el descubrir el desempeño de vuelo en cada hospedero. Los efectos de 4 plantas hospederas—maíz, maní, soja, y trigo—en la tasa de sobrevivencia de las larvas y en el rendimiento de vuelo de las polillas. De A. lepigone fue investigado en condiciones de laboratorio. Los resultados indican que el trigo fue la dieta comparativamente preferida para las larvas. La distancia de vuelo de las polillas A. lepigone aumentó desde el primer día hasta un nivel máximo a los 3 días y luego disminuyó después de los 4 días dentro de un tiempo de vuelo limitado de 24 horas. La relación positiva larva-nutrición en términos de capacidad de vuelo de las polillas A. lepigone también resultó en la mayor distancia y mayor duración del trigo preferido. La distancia máxima recorrida por un s","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"287 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ramírez-Ahuja, M. A. Gómez-Govea, G. Trujillo-Rodríguez, E. Garza-González, I. Rodríguez-Sánchez, E. Talamas
Abstract The parasitoid wasp, Telenomus alecto (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is reported for the first time parasitizing Diatraea magnifactella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Jalisco, Mexico. The occurrence of Te. alecto was discovered in May 2017 during a survey of egg parasitoids of D. magnifactella. The field survey was conducted on Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae) in Etzatlan, Jalisco, Mexico. In total, 656 eggs were collected, of which 401 were parasitized. The identity of the parasitoids was determined on the basis of morphological evidence and we here provide the barcoding region (COI). Resumen El parasitoide Telenomus alecto (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) es reportado por primera vez parasitando Diatraea magnifactella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en Jalisco, México. Telenomus alecto fue descubierto en mayo de 2017 durante un estudio sobre los parasitoides de huevo de D. magnifactella. El estudio de campo se realizó en Etzatlan, Jalisco, México sobre Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae). En total, se recolectaron 656 huevos, de los cuales 401 estuvieron parasitados. La identidad de los parasitoides se determinó por morfología y mediante la región del código de barras (COI).
{"title":"Telenomus alecto (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Parasitoid of Diatraea magnifactella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from Jalisco, Mexico: A Study Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence","authors":"M. Ramírez-Ahuja, M. A. Gómez-Govea, G. Trujillo-Rodríguez, E. Garza-González, I. Rodríguez-Sánchez, E. Talamas","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The parasitoid wasp, Telenomus alecto (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is reported for the first time parasitizing Diatraea magnifactella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Jalisco, Mexico. The occurrence of Te. alecto was discovered in May 2017 during a survey of egg parasitoids of D. magnifactella. The field survey was conducted on Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae) in Etzatlan, Jalisco, Mexico. In total, 656 eggs were collected, of which 401 were parasitized. The identity of the parasitoids was determined on the basis of morphological evidence and we here provide the barcoding region (COI). Resumen El parasitoide Telenomus alecto (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) es reportado por primera vez parasitando Diatraea magnifactella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en Jalisco, México. Telenomus alecto fue descubierto en mayo de 2017 durante un estudio sobre los parasitoides de huevo de D. magnifactella. El estudio de campo se realizó en Etzatlan, Jalisco, México sobre Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae). En total, se recolectaron 656 huevos, de los cuales 401 estuvieron parasitados. La identidad de los parasitoides se determinó por morfología y mediante la región del código de barras (COI).","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"307 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44531777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Measurements of insect external morphology are important to understanding species ecology, biology, and systematics. Precise measurement of width and length can be laborious and time-consuming. Here, we explored an automated approach to insect measurement using an image-based method with adult Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as a model. Wild-collected H. halys length and width were measured from their ventral side manually with calipers and compared with automated measurements derived from smartphone images. The comparison between manual methods and our automated approach yielded R2 values of 0.69 and 0.84 for width and length, respectively, indicating that an image-based measurement method has potential for usage in future entomological studies. Automated sizing using this image-based method has the potential to reduce the time and costs of performing insect morphological measurements. Sumario Las mediciones de la morfología externa de los insectos son importantes para comprender la ecología, la biología y la sistemática de las especies. La medición precisa de ancho y largo puede ser laboriosa y llevar mucho tiempo. Aquí, exploramos un enfoque automatizado para la medición de insectos utilizando un método basado en imágenes con adultos de Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) co-mo modelo. Se midieron la longitud y el ancho de H. halys recolectados en la naturaleza desde su lado ventral manualmente con calibradores y se compararon con mediciones automatizadas derivadas de imágenes de teléfonos celulares inteligentes. La comparación entre los métodos manuales y nuestro enfoque automatizado arrojó valores R2 de 0,69 y 0,84 para el ancho y el largo, respectivamente, lo que indica que un método de medición basado en imágenes tiene potencial para su uso en futuros estudios entomológicos. El sistema automatizado de determinar dimensiones basado en imágenes tiene el potencial de reducir el tiempo y los costos de realizar mediciones morfológicas de insectos.
{"title":"Automated Size Measurements of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with Simple Image-Based Methodology","authors":"A. Tabb, Johanna E. Elsensohn, T. Leskey","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0314","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Measurements of insect external morphology are important to understanding species ecology, biology, and systematics. Precise measurement of width and length can be laborious and time-consuming. Here, we explored an automated approach to insect measurement using an image-based method with adult Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as a model. Wild-collected H. halys length and width were measured from their ventral side manually with calipers and compared with automated measurements derived from smartphone images. The comparison between manual methods and our automated approach yielded R2 values of 0.69 and 0.84 for width and length, respectively, indicating that an image-based measurement method has potential for usage in future entomological studies. Automated sizing using this image-based method has the potential to reduce the time and costs of performing insect morphological measurements. Sumario Las mediciones de la morfología externa de los insectos son importantes para comprender la ecología, la biología y la sistemática de las especies. La medición precisa de ancho y largo puede ser laboriosa y llevar mucho tiempo. Aquí, exploramos un enfoque automatizado para la medición de insectos utilizando un método basado en imágenes con adultos de Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) co-mo modelo. Se midieron la longitud y el ancho de H. halys recolectados en la naturaleza desde su lado ventral manualmente con calibradores y se compararon con mediciones automatizadas derivadas de imágenes de teléfonos celulares inteligentes. La comparación entre los métodos manuales y nuestro enfoque automatizado arrojó valores R2 de 0,69 y 0,84 para el ancho y el largo, respectivamente, lo que indica que un método de medición basado en imágenes tiene potencial para su uso en futuros estudios entomológicos. El sistema automatizado de determinar dimensiones basado en imágenes tiene el potencial de reducir el tiempo y los costos de realizar mediciones morfológicas de insectos.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"262 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haylee Campbell, K. Loftin, Allen L. Szalanski, D. Steinkraus, Elizabeth Smith
Abstract Wild pigs (Sus scrofa L.; Artiodactyla: Suidae) are found in every Arkansas county and are spreading throughout the southeastern USA. This is a public and animal health concern because wild pigs occupy the same geographical areas as humans and livestock, and can harbor over 45 animal pathogens and parasites. Little research has been conducted on the tick species parasitizing Arkansas wild pigs. Tick collections for this study were taken from feral S. scrofa trapped for control purposes by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, and University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service personnel. Between Feb 2019 and Jan 2020, over 3,110 ticks were collected from 220 hogs from 11 Arkansas counties. Four tick species (Acarina: Ixodidae) were collected: Amblyomma americanum (L.) (95.4%; n = 2,966), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (2.4%; n = 76), Amblyomma maculatum (Koch) (0.6%; n = 18), and Ixodes scapularis (L.) (0.3%; n = 9). Amblyomma americanum was collected from Jan to Nov 2019, and was the only species found in immature life stages. Dermacentor variabilis was collected from Apr 2019 to Oct 2019. Amblyomma maculatum was collected at 1 site in May 2019, and I. scapularis was collected at 1 site in Nov 2019. Resumen Se encuentran los cerdos salvajes (Sus scrofa L.; Artiodactyla: Suidae) en todos los condados de Arkansas y se están extendiendo por todo el sureste de los Estados Unidos. Este es un problema de salud pública y animal porque los cerdos salvajes ocupan las mismas áreas geográficas que los humanos y el ganado, y pueden albergar más de 45 patógenos y parásitos de animales. Se han realizado pocas investigaciones sobre las especies de garrapatas que parasitan a los cerdos salvajes de Arkansas. Las colecciones de garrapatas para este estudio fueron tomadas de S. scrofa salvajes atrapadas con fines de control por parte de la Comisión de Pesca y Caza de Arkansas, los Servicios de Vida Silvestre del USDA/APHIS y el personal del Servicio de Extensión Cooperativa de la Universidad de Arkansas. Más de 3.110 garrapatas de 220 cerdos de 11 condados de Arkansas fueron recolectadas entre febrero del 2019 y enero del 2020. Se recolectaron cuatro especies de garrapatas (Acarina: Ixodidae): Amblyomma americanum (L.) (95,4 %; n = 2.966), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (2,4 %; n = 76), Amblyomma maculatum (Koch) (0,6 %; n = 18), e Ixodes scapularis (L.) (0,3%; n = 9). Se recolectó A. americanum desde enero a noviembre del 2019 y fue la única especie que se encontró los estadios inmaduros. Se recolectó A. maculatum en sitio 1 en mayo del 2019 e I. scapularis se recolectó en sitio 1 en noviembre del 2019.
摘要野猪(Sus scrofa L.;偶蹄动物:蛙科)在阿肯色州的每个县都有发现，并在美国东南部蔓延。这是一个公共和动物卫生问题，因为野猪与人类和牲畜占据相同的地理区域，并且可以携带超过45种动物病原体和寄生虫。对阿肯色野猪寄生的蜱虫种类进行的研究很少。本研究收集的蜱虫来自阿肯色州狩猎和鱼类委员会、美国农业部APHIS野生动物服务部门和阿肯色大学合作推广服务人员为控制目的而捕获的野生刺眼蜱。在2019年2月至2020年1月期间，从阿肯色州11个县的220头猪身上收集了3110多只蜱虫。采集蜱类4种(蜱螨目:伊蚊科):美洲钝蜱(Amblyomma americanum, 95.4%);n = 2,966)，皮肤变量(Say) (2.4%;n = 76)，斑状弱视(Koch) (0.6%;n = 18)，肩胛骨棘虫(L.) (0.3%;n = 9)。2019年1月至11月采集到的美洲Amblyomma americanum是唯一在未成熟生命阶段发现的物种。于2019年4月至2019年10月收集皮肤变异体。2019年5月和11月分别在1个地点采集到斑状无眼蝇和肩胛无眼蝇。resume . resume . resume .简历;偶蹄动物:蛙科)en todos los condados de Arkansas y se están extendiendo por todo el sureste de los Estados Unidos。Este es unproblema de salud pública y animal porque los cerdos salvajes占领las mismas áreas geográficas que los humanos y el ganado, y pueden albergar más de 45 patógenos y parásitos de animales。我还没有意识到，在阿肯色州的一些地方，有一种特殊的寄生虫，一种特殊的寄生虫。美国农业部/美国农业部农业部/美国农业和农业福利部个人服务部门Extensión阿肯色州大学合作部门:美国农业部/美国农业和农业福利部个人服务部门:Extensión阿肯色州大学合作部门:Más de 3.110 garrapatas de 220 cerdos de 11 condados de Arkansas fueron recrecectadas entre feb del 2019至enero del 2020。蜱螨目:蜱螨科(蜱螨目:蜱螨科):美洲钝蝇(L.) (95.4%);n = 2.966)，皮肤变量(Say) (2,4 %;76例)，斑状弱视(Koch) (0.6%;n = 18)，肩胛骨棘虫(L.) (0,3%;n = 9). Se recolectó a . americum desde enero a novivee del 2019 y fue la única especie que Se encontró los estadios inmaduros。Se recolectó黄斑A. en sito 1 en mayo del 2019和I.肩胛骨I. Se recolectó en sito 1 en十一月del 2019。
{"title":"Tick (Acarina: Ixodidae) Species and Life Stages Collected from Arkansas Wild Pigs","authors":"Haylee Campbell, K. Loftin, Allen L. Szalanski, D. Steinkraus, Elizabeth Smith","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wild pigs (Sus scrofa L.; Artiodactyla: Suidae) are found in every Arkansas county and are spreading throughout the southeastern USA. This is a public and animal health concern because wild pigs occupy the same geographical areas as humans and livestock, and can harbor over 45 animal pathogens and parasites. Little research has been conducted on the tick species parasitizing Arkansas wild pigs. Tick collections for this study were taken from feral S. scrofa trapped for control purposes by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, and University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service personnel. Between Feb 2019 and Jan 2020, over 3,110 ticks were collected from 220 hogs from 11 Arkansas counties. Four tick species (Acarina: Ixodidae) were collected: Amblyomma americanum (L.) (95.4%; n = 2,966), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (2.4%; n = 76), Amblyomma maculatum (Koch) (0.6%; n = 18), and Ixodes scapularis (L.) (0.3%; n = 9). Amblyomma americanum was collected from Jan to Nov 2019, and was the only species found in immature life stages. Dermacentor variabilis was collected from Apr 2019 to Oct 2019. Amblyomma maculatum was collected at 1 site in May 2019, and I. scapularis was collected at 1 site in Nov 2019. Resumen Se encuentran los cerdos salvajes (Sus scrofa L.; Artiodactyla: Suidae) en todos los condados de Arkansas y se están extendiendo por todo el sureste de los Estados Unidos. Este es un problema de salud pública y animal porque los cerdos salvajes ocupan las mismas áreas geográficas que los humanos y el ganado, y pueden albergar más de 45 patógenos y parásitos de animales. Se han realizado pocas investigaciones sobre las especies de garrapatas que parasitan a los cerdos salvajes de Arkansas. Las colecciones de garrapatas para este estudio fueron tomadas de S. scrofa salvajes atrapadas con fines de control por parte de la Comisión de Pesca y Caza de Arkansas, los Servicios de Vida Silvestre del USDA/APHIS y el personal del Servicio de Extensión Cooperativa de la Universidad de Arkansas. Más de 3.110 garrapatas de 220 cerdos de 11 condados de Arkansas fueron recolectadas entre febrero del 2019 y enero del 2020. Se recolectaron cuatro especies de garrapatas (Acarina: Ixodidae): Amblyomma americanum (L.) (95,4 %; n = 2.966), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (2,4 %; n = 76), Amblyomma maculatum (Koch) (0,6 %; n = 18), e Ixodes scapularis (L.) (0,3%; n = 9). Se recolectó A. americanum desde enero a noviembre del 2019 y fue la única especie que se encontró los estadios inmaduros. Se recolectó A. maculatum en sitio 1 en mayo del 2019 e I. scapularis se recolectó en sitio 1 en noviembre del 2019.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"194 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42680264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Pérez-González, R. Gomez-flores, P. Tamez-guerra
Summary Among the citrus production industry, Mexico represents the fifth largest producer worldwide as of 1 Mar 2022 data (Producción de cítricos en México, Biblioteca de Publicaciones Oficiales del Gobierno de la República, Gobierno, www.gob.mx [last accessed 3 Jun 2022]). Among insect pests affecting citrus orchards, the citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causes great economic losses to this industry. Biological control with parasitoids is used principally to manage this pest. In this study, we evaluated a simple and inexpensive technique for citrus blackfly biocontrol in citrus orchards. Conidia from the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia sp. were collected from citrus leaves with Aschersonia sp. infecting citrus blackfly nymphs in 1 locality in Quintana Roo State, Mexico. Conidia were suspended with vigorous shaking in a 0.1% Tween solution to achieve a concentration of about 1.0 × 108 conidia per mL and sprayed on citrus blackfly uninfected nymphs in 1 selected (high citrus blackfly population) Quintana Roo locality when relative humidity was about 95%. After about 55 d, fungus had killed the treated nymphs, and had infected and killed other citrus blackflies causing an epizootic in the application area. This technique was scaled up by citrus producers to 30 ha with similar results. During 2019, relative humidity was lower than 60%, and citrus blackfly-uninfected or Aschersonia sp.-infected nymphs were not detected. During 2020, the relative humidity was higher than 80% and we did not detect Aschersonia sp. Infected- or uninfected-citrus blackfly nymphs in the previously treated area. In conclusion, collection and application of Aschersonia sp. conidia on uninfected citrus blackfly nymphs may result in an epizootic, if relative humidity is 80% or higher, and Aschersonia sp. remains and disseminates along with this insect pest. Sumario Entre la industria de producción de cítricos, México representa el quinto productor a nivel mundial según datos del 01 de marzo del 2022 (Producción de cítricos en México, Biblioteca de Publicaciones Oficiales del Gobierno de la República, Gobierno, www.gob.mx [último accedido 3 Jun 2022]). Entre las plagas de insectos, la mosca prieta de los cítricos, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) puede provocar grandes pérdidas económicas a esta industria. El control biológico con parasitoides es el método más utilizado para controlar esta plaga. En este estudio, evaluamos una técnica sencilla y económica en huertos de cítricos para el control biológico de la mosca prieta de los cítricos. Se recolectaron conidios del hongo entomopatógeno Aschersonia sp. de hojas de cítricos con Aschersonia sp. infectando ninfas de mosca prieta de los cítricos, en una localidad del estado de Quintana Roo. Los conidios se suspendieron con agitación vigorosa en una solución de Tween al 0.1% para lograr sobre 1.0 × 108 conidios por mL y se aplicaron mediante aspersión sobre ninfas no infe
{"title":"Biocontrol of Citrus Blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), by Spraying Aschersonia sp. Conidia Collected from Infected Nymphs in Quintana Roo, Mexico","authors":"O. Pérez-González, R. Gomez-flores, P. Tamez-guerra","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0311","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Among the citrus production industry, Mexico represents the fifth largest producer worldwide as of 1 Mar 2022 data (Producción de cítricos en México, Biblioteca de Publicaciones Oficiales del Gobierno de la República, Gobierno, www.gob.mx [last accessed 3 Jun 2022]). Among insect pests affecting citrus orchards, the citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causes great economic losses to this industry. Biological control with parasitoids is used principally to manage this pest. In this study, we evaluated a simple and inexpensive technique for citrus blackfly biocontrol in citrus orchards. Conidia from the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia sp. were collected from citrus leaves with Aschersonia sp. infecting citrus blackfly nymphs in 1 locality in Quintana Roo State, Mexico. Conidia were suspended with vigorous shaking in a 0.1% Tween solution to achieve a concentration of about 1.0 × 108 conidia per mL and sprayed on citrus blackfly uninfected nymphs in 1 selected (high citrus blackfly population) Quintana Roo locality when relative humidity was about 95%. After about 55 d, fungus had killed the treated nymphs, and had infected and killed other citrus blackflies causing an epizootic in the application area. This technique was scaled up by citrus producers to 30 ha with similar results. During 2019, relative humidity was lower than 60%, and citrus blackfly-uninfected or Aschersonia sp.-infected nymphs were not detected. During 2020, the relative humidity was higher than 80% and we did not detect Aschersonia sp. Infected- or uninfected-citrus blackfly nymphs in the previously treated area. In conclusion, collection and application of Aschersonia sp. conidia on uninfected citrus blackfly nymphs may result in an epizootic, if relative humidity is 80% or higher, and Aschersonia sp. remains and disseminates along with this insect pest. Sumario Entre la industria de producción de cítricos, México representa el quinto productor a nivel mundial según datos del 01 de marzo del 2022 (Producción de cítricos en México, Biblioteca de Publicaciones Oficiales del Gobierno de la República, Gobierno, www.gob.mx [último accedido 3 Jun 2022]). Entre las plagas de insectos, la mosca prieta de los cítricos, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) puede provocar grandes pérdidas económicas a esta industria. El control biológico con parasitoides es el método más utilizado para controlar esta plaga. En este estudio, evaluamos una técnica sencilla y económica en huertos de cítricos para el control biológico de la mosca prieta de los cítricos. Se recolectaron conidios del hongo entomopatógeno Aschersonia sp. de hojas de cítricos con Aschersonia sp. infectando ninfas de mosca prieta de los cítricos, en una localidad del estado de Quintana Roo. Los conidios se suspendieron con agitación vigorosa en una solución de Tween al 0.1% para lograr sobre 1.0 × 108 conidios por mL y se aplicaron mediante aspersión sobre ninfas no infe","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"250 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Martínez-Castillo, N. Zamora-Avilés, Angélica Hernández Camargo, J. I. Figueroa-De La Rosa, S. Pineda, S. RAMOS-ORTIZ
Abstract The biological activity of 2 isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (Sf-YUC and Sf-CHI) obtained from the states of Yucatán and Chiapas, Mexico, on second instar fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Michoacán State, Mexico, was determined and compared with that of a Nicaraguan isolate (Sf-NIC). Response of third and fourth instar S. frugiperda to the most active isolate, Sf-YUC, also was determined. Sublethal effects caused by this isolate and its intergenerational persistence were evaluated. The most pathogenic isolates on second instar S. frugiperda were Sf-NIC and Sf-YUC. No significant differences were detected in the speed of kill between the Sf-NIC (146 h) and Sf-YUC (149 h) isolates, whereas that of the Sf-CHI (158 h) isolate was slower significantly. The lethal concentration that kills 50% of the insects (LC50) values of the Sf-YUC isolate increased with larval stage from 9.45 × 104 to 1.25 × 106 occlusion bodies per mL. Statistically significant reductions in pupal weight, fecundity, fertility, and adult longevity were associated in individuals derived from third instar (generation F0) treated with 4.8 × 104 occlusion bodies per mL of the Sf-YUC isolate. A viral mortality of 15.83 ± 1.43% in larvae as well as a significant reduction in pupal weight of generation F1 was recorded. In conclusion, the Mexican isolates may prove suitable as the basis for biological insecticides for regional control of S. frugiperda. Sublethal infections that persist between generations could incur developmental costs and decrease reproductive capacity of the host insect. Resumen En el presente estudio, se determinó la actividad biológica de dos aislados mexicanos del nucleopolyhedrovirus múltiple de Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-YUC y Sf-CHI) sobre larvas de segundo instar del gusano cogollero, Spodptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), y se compararon con un aislado nicaragüense (Sf-NIC). También se determinó la respuesta de tercer y cuarto instar de S. frugiperda al aislado mexicano más activo, Sf-YUC. Finalmente, se evaluaron los efectos subletales causados por este aislado y su persistencia intrageneracional. Los aislados más patogénicos sobre el segundo instar de S. frugiperda fueron Sf-NIC y Sf-YUC. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de muerte entre los aislados Sf-NIC (146 h) y Sf-YUC (149 h), mientras que la del aislado Sf-CHI (158 h) fue significativamente mayor. Los valores de la concentración letal que matan el 50% de los insectos (CL50) se incrementaron con el estado larval desde 9.45 × 104 a 1.25 × 106 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del segundo al cuarto instar. Reducciones estadísticamente significativas en el peso pupal, la fecundidad, la fertilidad y la longevidad de adultos se asociaron con individuos derivados de tercer estadio (generación F0) tratados con 4,8 × 104 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del aislado Sf-YUC. observó una reducción significativa en el p
{"title":"Biological Activity of Two Mexican Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolates and Sublethal Infection Effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"A. Martínez-Castillo, N. Zamora-Avilés, Angélica Hernández Camargo, J. I. Figueroa-De La Rosa, S. Pineda, S. RAMOS-ORTIZ","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biological activity of 2 isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (Sf-YUC and Sf-CHI) obtained from the states of Yucatán and Chiapas, Mexico, on second instar fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Michoacán State, Mexico, was determined and compared with that of a Nicaraguan isolate (Sf-NIC). Response of third and fourth instar S. frugiperda to the most active isolate, Sf-YUC, also was determined. Sublethal effects caused by this isolate and its intergenerational persistence were evaluated. The most pathogenic isolates on second instar S. frugiperda were Sf-NIC and Sf-YUC. No significant differences were detected in the speed of kill between the Sf-NIC (146 h) and Sf-YUC (149 h) isolates, whereas that of the Sf-CHI (158 h) isolate was slower significantly. The lethal concentration that kills 50% of the insects (LC50) values of the Sf-YUC isolate increased with larval stage from 9.45 × 104 to 1.25 × 106 occlusion bodies per mL. Statistically significant reductions in pupal weight, fecundity, fertility, and adult longevity were associated in individuals derived from third instar (generation F0) treated with 4.8 × 104 occlusion bodies per mL of the Sf-YUC isolate. A viral mortality of 15.83 ± 1.43% in larvae as well as a significant reduction in pupal weight of generation F1 was recorded. In conclusion, the Mexican isolates may prove suitable as the basis for biological insecticides for regional control of S. frugiperda. Sublethal infections that persist between generations could incur developmental costs and decrease reproductive capacity of the host insect. Resumen En el presente estudio, se determinó la actividad biológica de dos aislados mexicanos del nucleopolyhedrovirus múltiple de Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-YUC y Sf-CHI) sobre larvas de segundo instar del gusano cogollero, Spodptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), y se compararon con un aislado nicaragüense (Sf-NIC). También se determinó la respuesta de tercer y cuarto instar de S. frugiperda al aislado mexicano más activo, Sf-YUC. Finalmente, se evaluaron los efectos subletales causados por este aislado y su persistencia intrageneracional. Los aislados más patogénicos sobre el segundo instar de S. frugiperda fueron Sf-NIC y Sf-YUC. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de muerte entre los aislados Sf-NIC (146 h) y Sf-YUC (149 h), mientras que la del aislado Sf-CHI (158 h) fue significativamente mayor. Los valores de la concentración letal que matan el 50% de los insectos (CL50) se incrementaron con el estado larval desde 9.45 × 104 a 1.25 × 106 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del segundo al cuarto instar. Reducciones estadísticamente significativas en el peso pupal, la fecundidad, la fertilidad y la longevidad de adultos se asociaron con individuos derivados de tercer estadio (generación F0) tratados con 4,8 × 104 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del aislado Sf-YUC. observó una reducción significativa en el p","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"179 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. dos Santos, Letícia Alves Carvalho Reis, E. Ferreira, Michael Willian Rocha de Souza, Janaína Baldez Gomes, I. M. da Silva, J. Serrão, M. A. Soares, J. C. Zanuncio
Abstract Information on the occurrence and damage by Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) plants is scarce. Saissetia oleae is a sucking insect and its feeding on the phloem affects the photosynthetic apparatus of cells. The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence and to determine the effect of S. oleae on the physiological characteristics of O. europaea cultivars. The experiment was carried out in the field in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (plants of the cultivars ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ and ‘Koroneiki’ attacked or not). The total number and population density of S. oleae on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the O. europaea leaves were evaluated by direct counting in summer, autumn, and winter. The emission of chlorophyll was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence parameters on leaves per treatment and season. The total number of S. oleae was higher on the cultivar Grappolo than on the Ascolano and Arbequina. Grappolo, Koroneiki, and Ascolano showed a population decline of this insect in winter. The initial chlorophyll “a” fluorescence was higher in O. europaea damaged by S. oleae. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence ratio of chlorophyll “a” was equal to or greater than 0.75 for all O. europaea cultivars not attacked by S. oleae in the summer, autumn, and winter. The electron transport rate was lower in plants attacked, except for those of the Grappolo in the winter. The increase of initial fluorescence, reduction of maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence, and electron transport rate in some cultivars of O. europaea attacked by S. oleae indicate damages to the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in a possible decrease in growth and yield of the plants. Resumo Informações sobre a ocorrência e danos de Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em plantas de Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) são escassas. Saissetia oleae é um inseto sugador e, ao se alimentar do conteúdo do floema, afeta o aparelho fotossintético das células. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência e determinar o efeito de S. oleae nas características fisiológicas de cultivares de O. europaea. O experimento foi conduzido em campo em Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 (plantas atacadas ou não das cultivares ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ e ‘Koroneiki’). O número total e a densidade populacional de S. oleae em O. europaea nas faces abaxial e adaxial das folhas foram avaliados no verão, outono e inverno. A emissão de clorofila foi obtida baseada nos parâmetros de fluorescência nas folhas por tratamento e estação. O número total de indivíduos de S. oleae foi maior na cultivar Grappolo que nas Ascolano e Arbequina e a população desse inseto diminuiu nas Grappolo, Koroneiki, e Ascolano no inve
摘要关于油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)植物遭油橄榄(oleea europaea L.)侵染及危害的资料很少。油叶菊是一种吸吮昆虫，它以韧皮部为食，影响细胞的光合器官。本研究的目的是评价油橄榄的发生情况，并确定油橄榄对油橄榄品种生理特性的影响。试验在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州迪亚曼蒂纳(Diamantina)的田间进行，采用随机区组设计，采用2 × 4因子方案(Arbequina、Ascolano、Grappolo和Koroneiki品种的植株是否受到攻击)。在夏季、秋季和冬季，采用直接计数法测定了木犀草叶片背面和正面的总数量和种群密度。通过测定各处理和季节叶片的荧光参数来评价叶绿素的发射。叶蛾在葡萄品种上的总数量高于阿斯科拉诺和阿贝奎纳。Grappolo、Koroneiki和Ascolano在冬季呈下降趋势。被油叶镰刀菌破坏的欧叶镰刀菌的初始叶绿素“a”荧光较高。夏、秋、冬3个季节，未受油橄榄侵染的欧木品种光系统II最大光化学量子产率/叶绿素“a”最大荧光比值均大于等于0.75。除冬季Grappolo植株外，其他植株的电子传递率均较低。受到油橄榄侵染的部分木犀草品种的初始荧光增加，光系统II最大光化学量子产率/最大荧光量子产率降低，电子传递速率降低，说明光合器官受到损害，可能导致植株生长和产量下降。resume Informações sobre a ocorrência e danos de Saissetia oleae (Olivier)(半翅目:瓢虫科)em plantas de Olea europaea L.(油橄榄科)s o escassas。小叶仙子(saissertia oleae)在糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣。摘要目的:研究大豆品种的遗传变异规律ocorrência，测定大豆品种的遗传变异规律características fisiológicas。巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州Diamantina地区的植物实验，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州。O e号总densidade populacional de s oleae em O e欧洲nas面临远轴的近轴的das folha有孔虫avaliados没有verao outono e inverno。一份关于地铁系统(地铁系统)与地铁系统(地铁系统)(地铁系统)之间关系的报告。O número total de indivíduos de S. oleae的主要栽培品种Grappolo que nas Ascolano e Arbequina是一种流行的植物，用于种植小品种Grappolo, Koroneiki, Ascolano no inverno。一个fluorescência的初始数据“A”为主要的em植物，在欧洲的O. europaia . atacadas . por . oleae。一个相对的 o do rendimento quntico fotoquímico máximo do fotossistema II/fluorescência máxima da clorofila“A”(A) (A) (A) (A) (A) (A)) (A)， A) (A) (A) (A)， A) (A) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A))。一种主要植物(除de Grappolo no inverno外)的运输类群。O aumento da fluorescencia调整e reducao做rendimento quantico fotoquimico maximo fotossistema II / fluorescencia maxima e内在德一家em algumas品种德O .欧洲atacadas超过美国oleae indicam丹诺斯没有aparato fotossintetico e possivel reducao没有塞e producao de足底。
{"title":"Physiological Aspects of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) Attacked by Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae)","authors":"M. M. dos Santos, Letícia Alves Carvalho Reis, E. Ferreira, Michael Willian Rocha de Souza, Janaína Baldez Gomes, I. M. da Silva, J. Serrão, M. A. Soares, J. C. Zanuncio","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information on the occurrence and damage by Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) plants is scarce. Saissetia oleae is a sucking insect and its feeding on the phloem affects the photosynthetic apparatus of cells. The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence and to determine the effect of S. oleae on the physiological characteristics of O. europaea cultivars. The experiment was carried out in the field in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (plants of the cultivars ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ and ‘Koroneiki’ attacked or not). The total number and population density of S. oleae on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the O. europaea leaves were evaluated by direct counting in summer, autumn, and winter. The emission of chlorophyll was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence parameters on leaves per treatment and season. The total number of S. oleae was higher on the cultivar Grappolo than on the Ascolano and Arbequina. Grappolo, Koroneiki, and Ascolano showed a population decline of this insect in winter. The initial chlorophyll “a” fluorescence was higher in O. europaea damaged by S. oleae. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence ratio of chlorophyll “a” was equal to or greater than 0.75 for all O. europaea cultivars not attacked by S. oleae in the summer, autumn, and winter. The electron transport rate was lower in plants attacked, except for those of the Grappolo in the winter. The increase of initial fluorescence, reduction of maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence, and electron transport rate in some cultivars of O. europaea attacked by S. oleae indicate damages to the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in a possible decrease in growth and yield of the plants. Resumo Informações sobre a ocorrência e danos de Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em plantas de Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) são escassas. Saissetia oleae é um inseto sugador e, ao se alimentar do conteúdo do floema, afeta o aparelho fotossintético das células. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência e determinar o efeito de S. oleae nas características fisiológicas de cultivares de O. europaea. O experimento foi conduzido em campo em Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 (plantas atacadas ou não das cultivares ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ e ‘Koroneiki’). O número total e a densidade populacional de S. oleae em O. europaea nas faces abaxial e adaxial das folhas foram avaliados no verão, outono e inverno. A emissão de clorofila foi obtida baseada nos parâmetros de fluorescência nas folhas por tratamento e estação. O número total de indivíduos de S. oleae foi maior na cultivar Grappolo que nas Ascolano e Arbequina e a população desse inseto diminuiu nas Grappolo, Koroneiki, e Ascolano no inve","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"206 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Delgado, M. V. Calvo, F. Duarte, A. Borges, I. Scatoni
Abstract Fruit fly control in Uruguay is based mainly on toxic baits which are insufficient to reduce the damage caused by these pests. Therefore, alternative management measures such as mass trapping gain relevance for control of flies. Attractants commercially available were designed mainly for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, they also should be attractive to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in our fruit orchards. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of food-based attractants for the capture of sexually immature females of C. capitata and A. fraterculus, as well as their selectivity on the populations of beneficial arthropods (pollinators, predators, and parasitoids). Seven attractants were evaluated in 3 commercial fruit crops during 2 seasons; 4 commercial attractants (hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, trimethylamine diffuser card, and ammonium acetate + putrescine diffuser card), 20% natural Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) juice, 6% sugarcane molasses, and Torula yeast. The attractants were placed in McPhail traps, which were checked each wk and all captured arthropods were removed, counted, and classified. Captured female tephritids were dissected to determine the presence of eggs. All commercial attractants evaluated were effective at capturing sexually immature females of C. capitata in the 3 fruit crops evaluated during both seasons. Hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, and trimethylamine diffuser card were effective at capturing young females of both species. Most of the captures are post-harvest, so we suggest not moving traps after commercial harvest. These attractants also were selective, capturing few beneficial arthropods. Sugarcane molasses and pineapple guava juice were not effective at capturing fruit fly females. Resumen El control de las moscas de la fruta en Uruguay se basa principalmente en el uso de cebos tóxicos, los cuales han mostrado ser insuficientes para reducir sus daños. Debido a esto, estrategias de control alternativas como el trampeo masivo han tomado mayor relevancia. Los atrayentes disponibles comercialmente fueron diseñados para Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sin embargo, en nuestros cultivos frutales también deberían ser efectivos para Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de diferentes atrayentes alimenticios en la captura de hembras sexualmente inmaduras de C. capitata y A. fraterculus, y su selectividad respecto a las poblaciones de artrópodos benéficos. Siete atrayentes diferentes fueron evaluados en tres cultivos frutícolas comerciales en dos temporadas; cuatro atrayentes comerciales (proteína hidrolizada, trimethylamine líquido, trimethylamine tarjeta difusora, y acetato de amonio + putrescina), jugo natural de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) al 20%, melaza de caña al 6% y levadura
{"title":"Food Attractants for Mass Trapping of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Its Selectivity for Beneficial Arthropods","authors":"S. Delgado, M. V. Calvo, F. Duarte, A. Borges, I. Scatoni","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fruit fly control in Uruguay is based mainly on toxic baits which are insufficient to reduce the damage caused by these pests. Therefore, alternative management measures such as mass trapping gain relevance for control of flies. Attractants commercially available were designed mainly for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, they also should be attractive to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in our fruit orchards. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of food-based attractants for the capture of sexually immature females of C. capitata and A. fraterculus, as well as their selectivity on the populations of beneficial arthropods (pollinators, predators, and parasitoids). Seven attractants were evaluated in 3 commercial fruit crops during 2 seasons; 4 commercial attractants (hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, trimethylamine diffuser card, and ammonium acetate + putrescine diffuser card), 20% natural Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) juice, 6% sugarcane molasses, and Torula yeast. The attractants were placed in McPhail traps, which were checked each wk and all captured arthropods were removed, counted, and classified. Captured female tephritids were dissected to determine the presence of eggs. All commercial attractants evaluated were effective at capturing sexually immature females of C. capitata in the 3 fruit crops evaluated during both seasons. Hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, and trimethylamine diffuser card were effective at capturing young females of both species. Most of the captures are post-harvest, so we suggest not moving traps after commercial harvest. These attractants also were selective, capturing few beneficial arthropods. Sugarcane molasses and pineapple guava juice were not effective at capturing fruit fly females. Resumen El control de las moscas de la fruta en Uruguay se basa principalmente en el uso de cebos tóxicos, los cuales han mostrado ser insuficientes para reducir sus daños. Debido a esto, estrategias de control alternativas como el trampeo masivo han tomado mayor relevancia. Los atrayentes disponibles comercialmente fueron diseñados para Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sin embargo, en nuestros cultivos frutales también deberían ser efectivos para Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de diferentes atrayentes alimenticios en la captura de hembras sexualmente inmaduras de C. capitata y A. fraterculus, y su selectividad respecto a las poblaciones de artrópodos benéficos. Siete atrayentes diferentes fueron evaluados en tres cultivos frutícolas comerciales en dos temporadas; cuatro atrayentes comerciales (proteína hidrolizada, trimethylamine líquido, trimethylamine tarjeta difusora, y acetato de amonio + putrescina), jugo natural de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) al 20%, melaza de caña al 6% y levadura","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"185 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45347033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayren Sánchez-Rosario, D. Pérez‐Staples, Daniel Sánchez-Guillén, L. Ruiz-Montoya, P. Liedo
Abstract Body size is one of the most determining traits in the fitness of insects. For fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) control programs using sterile insect technique, size is a valuable indicator of the quality of the mass-reared insects. However, laboratory colonization and mass-rearing conditions can contribute to the disparity in phenotypic traits between laboratory and wild populations, reducing the performance of sterile males and the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique. Hence the relevance of evaluating the possible variations in body size (size and shape) in 2 economically important species: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (both Diptera: Tephritidae). In this study, we compared pupal size distribution of wild and laboratory populations, using 3 parameters: pupal length, width, and weight. Additionally, we recorded the sex of the emerged adults to determine the sexual dimorphism related to pupae size. In A. ludens, male and female wild pupae were longer than pupae of their laboratory congeners, while laboratory pupae were wider and heavier than the wild pupae. In A. obliqua, male and female wild pupae were significantly larger than pupae of their laboratory congeners in all size parameters. We confirmed the sexual dimorphism in pupal size in both species and both populations. Females were bigger than males in all pupal size parameters. This study provides useful information about size distributions and dimorphism from pupal size, providing baseline data with potential implications and applications in mass rearing of A. ludens and A. obliqua for the application of the sterile insect technique. Resumen El tamaño corporal es uno de los rasgos más determinantes en la aptitud de los insectos. Para los programas de control de moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) que utilizan la técnica del insecto estéril, el tamaño es un indicador valioso de la calidad de los insectos de cría masiva. Sin embargo, la colonización en laboratorio y las condiciones de cría masiva pueden contribuir a la disparidad en los rasgos fenotípicos entre las poblaciones silvestres y de laboratorio, reduciendo el desempeño de los machos estériles y la efectividad de la técnica del insecto estéril. De aquí la relevancia de evaluar las posibles variaciones en el tamaño corporal (tamaño y forma) en dos especies económicamente importantes: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) y Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). En este estudio, comparamos la distribución del tamaño de pupas de una población silvestre y de laboratorio, utilizando 3 parámetros: longitud, ancho y peso de pupas. Además, registramos el sexo de los adultos emergidos para determinar el dimorfismo sexual relacionado con el tamaño de la pupa. En A. ludens, las pupas de machos y hembras silvestres fueron más largas que las pupas de sus congéneres de laboratorio, mientras que las pupas de laboratorio fueron más anchas y pesadas que las pupas silvestres. En A. obliqua, las pupas de machos y hembr
摘要体型是昆虫适合度最重要的特征之一。对于采用昆虫不育技术控制果蝇(双翅目:蝗科)，大小是大量饲养的昆虫质量的重要指标。然而，实验室定殖和大规模饲养条件会导致实验室种群与野生种群之间表型性状的差异，从而降低不育雄虫的性能和昆虫不育技术的有效性。因此，评估两种具有重要经济意义的物种:鹿茸(Anastrepha ludens, low)和鹿茸(Anastrepha obliqua, Macquart)在体型(大小和形状)上可能发生的变化是有意义的。在这项研究中，我们比较了野生种群和实验室种群的蛹大小分布，使用3个参数:蛹的长度、宽度和重量。此外，我们还记录了出现的成虫的性别，以确定与蛹大小有关的性别二态性。雄性和雌性野斑姬蜂的蛹均比实验室同系物的蛹长，而实验室蛹则比野生蛹宽、重。在所有的尺寸参数上，雄性和雌性的野蛹都明显大于实验室同系物的蛹。我们证实了两个物种和两个种群在蛹大小上的两性二态性。在所有的蛹大小参数中，雌性都大于雄性。本研究从蛹的大小分布和二态性方面提供了有用的信息，为大规模饲养黄斑姬蜂和斜斑姬蜂不育技术的应用提供了基础数据。resume El tamaño下士uno de los rasgos más determinantes en la aptitude de los entomtos。关于防治蚊病(双翅目:绢虱科)的方案，关于利用昆虫的遗传变异和遗传变异，关于tamaño关于昆虫遗传变异和遗传变异的指标，cría masiva。2008年，在实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和化学物质交换条件(1)和化学物质交换条件(2)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(2)和实验室中。De aquí la relancea De evaluar las possibilities variaciones en el tamaño下士(tamaño y forma) en dos especies económicamente importantes: Anastrepha ludens (low) y Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart)。En este estudio, comparamos la distribución del tamaño de pupas de una población silvestre y de laboratory, utilitzando 3 parámetros: longitude, ancho y peso de pupas。Además, registramos el sexo de los adultos emergidos para determinar el dimorfismo sexual relationado con el tamaño de la pupa。En A. ludens, as pupas de machoas as silvestes fueron más as pupas as conastneres de laboratorio, as mientras as pupas de laboratorio fueron más和as pesadas as las pupas silvestes。as A. obliqua, as pupas de machos y embras silvestes fueron significativesente más grandes que as pupas de sus conastneres de laboratos de los parámetros de tamaño。Confirmamos el dimorfismo sexual en el tamaño de las pupas en ambas speciies en ambas poblaciones。Las hembras fueron más grandes que los machos en todos los parámetros de tamaño de pupa。埃斯特工厂化proporciona给util acerca de las distribuciones del tamano y el dimorfismo del tamano de la蛹proporcionando拿督de referencia con潜在implicaciones y aplicaciones en la cria masiva de a ludens y a obliqua对位拉aplicacion de la tecnica del insecto esteril。
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G. Wheeler, C. Minteer, E. Rohrig, Sedonia Steininger, R. Nestle, D. Halbritter, J. Leidi, M. Rayamajhi, Emily J. Le Falchier
Abstract Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of California, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas, USA. A thrips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), was permitted and released in 2019 as the first biological control agent for this invasive weed in Florida, USA. The thrips feeds on flushing leaves that are produced during the vegetative season of the host. Together, the USDA–ARS, University of Florida, and Florida Department of Food and Consumer Services combined efforts to mass produce and release P. ichini throughout the Brazilian peppertree-invaded range in Florida. Between May 2019 and Dec 2021, more than 2 million P. ichini were released at 567 sites in Florida. Over this period, P. ichini persisted at up to 60% of the survey sites for at least 1 generation as indicated by recovery of thrips adults at least 60 d after release. These results indicate that this thrips, a classical biological control agent, has persisted in the invaded range of Brazilian peppertree in Florida with populations evident at many release sites. This biological control agent will provide land managers with a safe and cost-effective means of controlling Brazilian peppertree. Resumen El pimentero brasileño, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), es una maleza invasora de áreas naturales y agrícolas de California, Florida, Hawái y Texas, EE. UU. Un trips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), fue autorizado y liberado en el 2019 como el primer agente de control biológico para esta maleza invasora en Florida, EE. UU. Los trips se alimentan de las hojas enrojecidas que se producen durante la temporada vegetativa del hospedero. Juntos, el USDA-ARS, la Universidad de Florida y el Departamento de Alimentos y Servicios al Consumidor de Florida combinaron esfuerzos para producir en masa y liberar P. ichini en toda la zona de distribución invadida por pimenteros brasileños en Florida. Entre mayo del 2019 y diciembre del 2021, se liberaron más de 2 millones de P. ichini en 567 sitios de Florida. Durante este período, P. ichini persistió en el 60% de los sitios de estudio durante al menos 1 generación, como lo indica la recuperación de adultos de trips al menos 60 días después de la liberación. Estos resultados indican que este trips, un agente de control biológico clásico, ha persistido en el área de distribución invadida por el pimentero brasileño en Florida con poblaciones evidentes en muchos de los sitios de liberación. Este agente de control biológico proporcionará a los administradores de tierras un medio seguro y rentable para controlar el pimentero brasileño.
{"title":"Release and Persistence of the Brazilian Peppertree Biological Control Agent Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in Florida","authors":"G. Wheeler, C. Minteer, E. Rohrig, Sedonia Steininger, R. Nestle, D. Halbritter, J. Leidi, M. Rayamajhi, Emily J. Le Falchier","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of California, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas, USA. A thrips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), was permitted and released in 2019 as the first biological control agent for this invasive weed in Florida, USA. The thrips feeds on flushing leaves that are produced during the vegetative season of the host. Together, the USDA–ARS, University of Florida, and Florida Department of Food and Consumer Services combined efforts to mass produce and release P. ichini throughout the Brazilian peppertree-invaded range in Florida. Between May 2019 and Dec 2021, more than 2 million P. ichini were released at 567 sites in Florida. Over this period, P. ichini persisted at up to 60% of the survey sites for at least 1 generation as indicated by recovery of thrips adults at least 60 d after release. These results indicate that this thrips, a classical biological control agent, has persisted in the invaded range of Brazilian peppertree in Florida with populations evident at many release sites. This biological control agent will provide land managers with a safe and cost-effective means of controlling Brazilian peppertree. Resumen El pimentero brasileño, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), es una maleza invasora de áreas naturales y agrícolas de California, Florida, Hawái y Texas, EE. UU. Un trips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), fue autorizado y liberado en el 2019 como el primer agente de control biológico para esta maleza invasora en Florida, EE. UU. Los trips se alimentan de las hojas enrojecidas que se producen durante la temporada vegetativa del hospedero. Juntos, el USDA-ARS, la Universidad de Florida y el Departamento de Alimentos y Servicios al Consumidor de Florida combinaron esfuerzos para producir en masa y liberar P. ichini en toda la zona de distribución invadida por pimenteros brasileños en Florida. Entre mayo del 2019 y diciembre del 2021, se liberaron más de 2 millones de P. ichini en 567 sitios de Florida. Durante este período, P. ichini persistió en el 60% de los sitios de estudio durante al menos 1 generación, como lo indica la recuperación de adultos de trips al menos 60 días después de la liberación. Estos resultados indican que este trips, un agente de control biológico clásico, ha persistido en el área de distribución invadida por el pimentero brasileño en Florida con poblaciones evidentes en muchos de los sitios de liberación. Este agente de control biológico proporcionará a los administradores de tierras un medio seguro y rentable para controlar el pimentero brasileño.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"225 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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