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Influence factors of ecological environment in Wanjiang River Basin based on RSEI and CASA models 基于 RSEI 和 CASA 模型的皖江流域生态环境影响因素
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1422712
Han Wang, Yu Zhang, Yong Jia, Qianfeng Zhang, Jing Yuan, Qiuyan Yuan
In this paper, the original RSEI model (including greenness index, humidity index, heat index and dryness index) and their contribution rate (%) are used to evaluate the change of ecological environment. To study how natural and anthropogenic changes in ecological environment affect ecosystem function and how these factors interact, CASA model was used to estimate the correlation between the net primary productivity of vegetation (NPP), population density and land use. This could reveal the influence factors of ecological environment change in the Wanjiang River Basin from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the combing RSEI and CASA models can effectively show the spatial-temporal variation and spatial distribution of NPP of vegetation in Wanjiang Basin. During this period, RSEI of the basin showed an overall upward trend, and the RSEI increased by about 0.1/10 a. The vegetation productivity in most areas was gradually improved, the ecological environment was restored, and the ecological environment quality was gradually improved. The average annual NPP simulated by CASA was 266.81 g C·m-2·a-1. The variation trend of NPP in vegetation showed a slight decrease, but the overall NPP level was basically unchanged. There is a significant correlation between NPP and population density, a negative correlation between NPP and population density areas such as city centers, and a positive correlation between NPP and population density in areas with frequent agricultural activities. From 2010 to 2020, there is a significant positive correlation between population density and land use.
本文使用原始的 RSEI 模型(包括绿度指数、湿度指数、热度指数和干度指数)及其贡献率(%)来评估生态环境的变化。为了研究生态环境的自然和人为变化如何影响生态系统功能以及这些因素如何相互作用,本文使用 CASA 模型估算了植被净初级生产力(NPP)、人口密度和土地利用之间的相关性。这可以揭示 2000 至 2022 年皖江流域生态环境变化的影响因素。结果表明,RSEI 和 CASA 模型的结合能有效地显示皖江流域植被净初级生产力的时空变化和空间分布。在此期间,流域RSEI总体呈上升趋势,RSEI增加了约0.1/10 a,大部分地区植被生产力逐步提高,生态环境得到恢复,生态环境质量逐步改善。CASA 模拟的年平均 NPP 为 266.81 g C-m-2-a-1。植被的 NPP 变化趋势略有下降,但总体 NPP 水平基本保持不变。植被净生产力与人口密度有明显的相关性,城市中心等人口密集区的植被净生产力与人口密度呈负相关,农业活动频繁地区的植被净生产力与人口密度呈正相关。从 2010 年到 2020 年,人口密度与土地利用之间存在显著的正相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
In situ occurrence and conservation of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima ((L.) Arcangeli) in Italy 意大利 Beta vulgaris subsp.
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1399341
Cecilia Zucchini, Lorenzo Raggi, Anna Grassi, Giorgia Spataro, Daniela Gigante, Valeria Negri
IntroductionCrop Wild Relatives (CWR) have great socioeconomic importance for humans harbouring a broad spectrum of diversity and being important elements of different habitats. Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima ((L.) Arcangeli), also known as sea beet, is an important CWR of cultivated beets (GP-1). The high adaptability of this taxon to different environmental conditions, as well as its tolerance/resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses, makes it a vital source for sugar beet improvement. Aim of this work was to analyse the in situ and ex situ status of sea beet population conservation in Italy, so as to guide protection activities and new collecting missions.MethodsGeographical distribution data of populations were that occur in the wild and conserved in genebanks were assembled from different databases and submitted to data quality control. Distribution, habitat characterization, land cover and use of the involved sites were then evaluated to provide insight into the current condition of areas hosting this CWR diversity. The presence of populations within vs. outside Italian protected areas was also evaluated. A density analysis of the records was performed and the adequateness of sea beet ex situ conservation, in terms of number of conserved accessions, was finally estimated.ResultsA collection of 138 B. vulgaris subsp. maritima high quality georeferenced records were obtained, mainly distributed into Mediterranean Biogeographic Region. About 22% of the considered populations occurs in protected sites of the Natura 2000 Network, while about 15% in areas recorded in the Official list of protected natural areas (EUAP). Occurrences within protected areas are founded primarily in natural environments, whereas those outside are mainly located in urban and cultivated areas. The comparison of distribution and density analysis results revealed the presence of several gaps between sites hosting in situ populations and sites where ex situ conserved accessions were originally collected.DiscussionHere presented data indicates that the protection status for sea beet in Italy can be considered only partially adequate; more proactive protection measures should be foreseen to increase the role of protected areas in safeguarding in situ conservation. “Out of reserve management” for populations outside protected areas should also be developed, as well as new collecting missions carried out.
导言作物野生近缘植物(CWR)对人类具有重要的社会经济意义,它们拥有广泛的多样性,是不同栖息地的重要元素。Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima ((L.) Arcangeli),又名海甜菜,是栽培甜菜(GP-1)的重要野生近缘种。该分类群对不同环境条件的高度适应性,以及对不同生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性/抗性,使其成为甜菜改良的重要来源。这项工作的目的是分析意大利海甜菜种群保护的原地和异地状况,从而为保护活动和新的采集任务提供指导。方法从不同的数据库中收集野生和基因库中保存的种群地理分布数据,并提交数据质量控制。然后对相关地点的分布、栖息地特征、土地覆盖和使用情况进行了评估,以深入了解这些化武资源多样性所在地区的现状。此外,还评估了意大利保护区内与保护区外的种群存在情况。对记录进行了密度分析,并最终根据受保护品种的数量估算了海甜菜异地保护的充分性。结果 收集到 138 个 B. vulgaris subsp.所考虑的种群中约有 22% 出现在 Natura 2000 网络的保护区内,约有 15% 出现在官方自然保护区名录(EUAP)中记录的地区。保护区内的种群主要分布在自然环境中,而保护区外的种群主要分布在城市和耕地中。对分布和密度分析结果进行比较后发现,在原生境种群所在的地点与最初收集到的非原生境保护品种的地点之间存在一些差距。还应针对保护区外的种群制定 "保护区外管理 "措施,并开展新的采集任务。
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引用次数: 0
Frontiers | Nest placement accounts for thermal exposure secondarily: insights on multifarious selection 前沿|巢穴安置是热暴露的次要原因:对多种选择的启示
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1417573
Jonathan Harris, Scott McMurry
IntroductionMultifarious selective pressures can interact to affect species’ life history evolution, with predation and thermal exposure as selective pressures for nesting birds. Gray Vireos (Vireo vicinior) seemingly nest on the periphery of their nesting substrate because of lower predation rates, thereby increasing exposure to weather. We explored how nest placement and vegetation structure can be used to account for the increased weather exposure that Gray Vireos experience when nesting on the periphery of the nesting substrate to avoid predation.MethodsFor each Gray Vireo nest, we placed temperature and light data loggers at three locations: at the nest site, at the opposite orientation of the nest within the nesting tree, and at the same orientation of the nest but in an adjacent tree. To measure nest orientation, we recorded the inverse compass azimuth (+/−1°) from the nest toward the trunk of the nesting tree, while accounting for declination. Nest temperatures and light exposure were compared across various dimensions of nest placement.ResultsThe orientation of nests was cooler than the opposite orientation in the mornings and in the late afternoons. When nests were placed in hotter orientations (e.g., south- or west-facing), nests surrounded by more foliage or placed closer to the interior of trees could compensate for the increased exposure.DiscussionOur findings suggest Gray Vireos accounted for the increased thermal exposure that comes from predator avoidance by using secondary dimensions of nest placement. Specifically, nests could be placed in orientations with cooler temperatures or in hotter orientations with greater shade potential. These results highlight how the interactive selection pressures of predation risk and microclimate can be tiered and shape life-history characteristics of birds.
引言多种选择性压力相互作用,影响物种生活史的演化,其中捕食和热暴露是筑巢鸟类的选择性压力。由于捕食率较低,灰慧鸟(Vireo vicinior)似乎在筑巢基质的外围筑巢,从而增加了受天气影响的程度。我们探讨了如何利用巢的位置和植被结构来解释灰慧莺在筑巢基质外围筑巢以避免被捕食而增加的受天气影响的程度。方法对于每个灰慧莺的巢,我们在三个位置放置了温度和光照数据记录器:巢的位置、巢在筑巢树上的相反方向以及巢的相同方向但在邻近的树上。为了测量巢的方位,我们记录了从巢到巢树树干的反罗盘方位角(+/-1°),同时考虑了偏角。结果在上午和下午晚些时候,巢的朝向比相反的朝向凉爽。讨论我们的研究结果表明,灰尾鹩莺通过利用巢的次要摆放维度来弥补因躲避捕食者而增加的热暴露。具体来说,可以将巢放置在温度较低的方位,或放置在有更大遮荫潜力的较热方位。这些结果突显了捕食风险和小气候的交互选择压力是如何分层并形成鸟类的生活史特征的。
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引用次数: 0
The diverse and widespread Southern Ocean ophiuroid Amphiura belgicae should be considered a species complex 多种多样、分布广泛的南大洋片脚类动物(Amphiura belgicae)应被视为一个物种群
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1416418
Chester J. Sands, William P. Goodall-Copestake, Sabine Stöhr, Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy, Peter Convey, Timothy D. O’Hara, Rafael Martín-Ledo
Accurate knowledge of geographic ranges of species is essential for effective conservation management. Species with large distributions and good connectivity are presumed to be resilient to adverse localized/regional conditions, whereas those with small ranges and, thus, smaller population sizes are more likely to be vulnerable. The rich benthic assemblages across the Southern Ocean are generally considered “Antarctic” with some input from South America contributing to diversity on the sub-Antarctic island shelves. However, molecular work over the past two decades is challenging the paradigm of a general Antarctic benthic fauna, with evidence mounting for assemblages being regionally unique in terms of genetic diversity, regardless of formal taxonomic species composition. The widely distributed brittle star, Amphiura belgicae, is one element of the Southern Ocean benthic assemblage that has a complex historical taxonomic background hinting that it may in reality be a complex of species, each with small geographic range and little connectivity. Our study identified deep genetic divisions between geographically isolated populations, particularly between those on the Patagonian shelf and elsewhere. Indeed, populations on the Patagonian shelf were more closely related to the sympatric sister species A. eugeniae than to any other Southern Ocean population. We compare our data with a study of Ophiuroglypha lymani from similar collections, highlighting that both show highly regionalized populations, particularly on Island shelves, and both share the curious phenomenon of a presumed outgroup species being an element of the ingroup. We suggest that the isolated populations of both these species are following distinct evolutionary and ecological trajectories and that both should be treated as species complexes.
准确了解物种的地理分布对有效的保护管理至关重要。分布范围广、连通性好的物种被认为能够抵御不利的局部/区域条件,而分布范围小、种群规模较小的物种则更容易受到伤害。整个南大洋丰富的海底生物群落通常被认为是 "南极 "生物群落,南美洲的一些生物输入也为亚南极岛屿陆架的多样性做出了贡献。然而,过去二十年的分子研究工作正在挑战南极底栖动物群落的普遍模式,越来越多的证据表明,无论正式的分类物种组成如何,底栖动物群落在遗传多样性方面都具有区域独特性。广泛分布的脆海星(Amphiura belgicae)是南大洋底栖动物群的一个组成部分,其复杂的历史分类背景暗示它实际上可能是一个物种群,每个物种的地理分布范围都很小,几乎没有联系。我们的研究发现,地理上相互隔离的种群之间,尤其是巴塔哥尼亚大陆架上的种群与其他地方的种群之间,存在着很深的遗传分化。事实上,巴塔哥尼亚大陆架上的种群与同域姊妹种 A. eugeniae 的亲缘关系比与南大洋其他种群的亲缘关系更近。我们将我们的数据与来自类似采集地的 Ophiuroglypha lymani 的研究数据进行了比较,发现两者的种群都呈现出高度区域化的特点,尤其是在岛屿陆架上,而且两者都有一个奇怪的现象,即假定的外群物种是内群物种的一个组成部分。我们认为,这两个物种的孤立种群都遵循着不同的进化和生态轨迹,都应被视为物种复合体。
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引用次数: 0
Variation in internode length patterns: a data analysis of internode length and serial number in three bamboo species 节间长度模式的变异:三种竹子节间长度和序列号的数据分析
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1440494
Jiewen Tan, Xiaonan Liu, Qiying Li, Kehang Ma, Weiwei Huang
IntroductionBamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants on earth, and its young culms are formed by the elongation of internodes. However, the mathematical intricacies of its internode elongation are not well understood.MethodsThis study investigated the internode length growth of Phyllostachys edulis, Phyllostachys iridescens, and Pseudosasa amabilis at ten different culm height developmental stages (G1–G10).Results and discussionThe tempo of internode elongation from the culm base to the tip generally followed a “slow-fast-slow” growth rhythm. The internode length and the serial number relationship showed a right-skewed curve. As the bamboo grows taller, the longest internode moves from the base to the middle of the culm. The relationship between relative internode number (RIN) and relative cumulative internode length (RCIL) displayed a typical S-shaped growth curve. The modified Brière (MBE) sigmoid equation achieved better goodness-of-fit than the logistic, power, and third-order functions in fitting the RIN-RCIL curves with the smallest average root mean square error (RMSE). The elongation rates of internodes varied not only with the growth of culm height, but also with the position of the bamboo culm from base to tip. In addition, as the bamboo grows in height, more internodes gradually contribute to the culm height growth. At G1 development stage, 24.01–38.23% of the internodes contributed 65.27–73.59% of the culm height, whereas at G10 stage, 49.28–61.07% of the internodes contributed 66.70–78.18% of the culm height. Our findings provide new insights into the mathematical characterization of bamboo internode elongation patterns involved in the rapid culm growth.
引言 竹子是地球上生长最快的植物之一,它的幼秆是通过节间伸长形成的。方法本研究调查了 Phyllostachys edulis、Phyllostachys iridescens 和 Pseudosasa amabilis 在十个不同秆高发育阶段(G1-G10)的节间长度增长情况。结果与讨论节间伸长的速度从秆基部到顶端一般遵循 "慢-快-慢 "的生长节律。节间长度和序数的关系呈右斜曲线。随着竹子越长越高,最长的节间从竹秆基部向中部移动。相对节间数(RIN)和相对累积节间长度(RCIL)之间的关系呈现典型的 S 型生长曲线。在拟合 RIN-RCIL 曲线时,修正的布里埃(MBE)乙次方程比对数函数、幂函数和三阶函数的拟合效果更好,平均均方根误差(RMSE)最小。节间的伸长率不仅随竹秆高度的增长而变化,还随竹秆从基部到顶端的位置而变化。此外,随着竹子高度的增长,更多的节间逐渐对竹秆高度的增长做出贡献。在 G1 发展阶段,24.01-38.23% 的节间对秆高的贡献率为 65.27-73.59%,而在 G10 阶段,49.28-61.07% 的节间对秆高的贡献率为 66.70-78.18%。我们的研究结果为竹秆快速生长过程中竹节间伸长模式的数学表征提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Current trends in bee conservation and habitat restoration in different types of anthropogenic habitats 不同类型人为栖息地中蜜蜂保护和栖息地恢复的当前趋势
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1401233
Olivia Kline, Neelendra K. Joshi
Recent declines in bee populations and ranges have been cause for concern due to the valuable pollination service that they provide. Several factors have been proposed to contribute to these declines, including habitat loss, pathogen spread, and pesticide usage, so many pollinator conservation schemes have involved the addition of pollinator-friendly habitat through wildflower plantings and artificial nesting sites. Because of this, many efforts have been made to enhance bee populations across different landscape types, including natural, agricultural, urban, and industrial areas. Many of these schemes have focused on providing habitat for bees and other animal pollinators in agricultural landscapes, but other managed areas, such as cities, suburbs, and industrialized areas may have untapped potential for pollinator conservation. Available green space can be enhanced to provide healthy forage and safe nesting sites for pollinators. As these areas are also often frequented by human residents, the needs and perceptions of people, as well as the potential benefits for pollinators, must be considered to ensure the success of pollinator conservation on anthropogenic habitats.
由于蜜蜂提供宝贵的授粉服务,近来蜜蜂数量和分布范围的减少引起了人们的关注。导致蜜蜂数量下降的因素有多种,包括栖息地丧失、病原体传播和杀虫剂的使用,因此许多保护授粉者的计划都包括通过种植野花和人工筑巢来增加授粉者友好的栖息地。正因为如此,人们做出了许多努力,以提高自然、农业、城市和工业区等不同景观类型中的蜜蜂数量。其中许多计划的重点是在农业景观中为蜜蜂和其他动物授粉者提供栖息地,但其他管理区域,如城市、郊区和工业化地区,在保护授粉者方面可能还有未开发的潜力。可以加强现有绿地的建设,为授粉者提供健康的饲料和安全的筑巢场所。由于这些地区也经常有居民出入,因此必须考虑到人们的需求和看法,以及授粉昆虫的潜在益处,以确保在人为栖息地成功保护授粉昆虫。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Modeling the human well-being benefits of ecosystem restoration and management for environmental decision making. 社论:为环境决策模拟生态系统恢复和管理对人类福祉的益处。
IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1456660
Susan H Yee, Matthew C Harwell, Joel Hoffman, Tammy Newcomer-Johnson, Marc Russell
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引用次数: 0
Categorizing urban avoiders, utilizers, and dwellers for identifying bird conservation priorities in a Northern Andean city 对城市避难者、利用者和居住者进行分类,以确定北安第斯城市鸟类保护的优先事项
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1432340
Jaime A. Garizábal-Carmona, Jefry S. Betancur, Sergio Montoya-Arango, Laura Franco-Espinosa, N. Javier Mancera-Rodríguez
IntroductionCategorizing species according to their frequencies across urbanization levels and identifying some species traits that explain this variation could be a valuable tool for focusing conservation efforts, particularly in biodiversity hotspots with high endemism rates. This study proposes a semi-quantitative and multi-scale protocol to categorize bird species as urban avoiders, utilizers, and dwellers, based on their frequencies at different urbanization levels. Additionally, it evaluates the relationships of these categories with altitudinal ranges, trophic guilds, and foraging strata.MethodsWe performed bird counts in 124 points located within urban areas, and in 15 points located in non-urban areas of a Colombian Northern Andean city (Medellín and surroundings). Each urban point was assigned to urbanization levels based on 200, 500, and 1,000 m buffers categorized as high (67–100% of built cover), moderate (34–66% of built cover), or low (0–33% of built cover).ResultsWe categorized 103 bird species: 49 as urban avoiders, 31 as urban utilizers, and 23 as urban dwellers. The two recorded Colombian endemic species and seven near-endemics were categorized as urban avoiders, with only one near-endemic species categorized as an urban utilizer (the other three were data deficient). Furthermore, most bird species with exclusive Andean distribution were categorized as urban avoiders (78.57%). Urban avoiders had narrower altitudinal ranges (1,969 ± 524 m) than utilizers (2,287 ± 592m) and dwellers (2,569 ± 654m), and they had the largest proportion of frugivorous and frugivorous-insectivorous species, while urban dwellers had a greater proportion of omnivorous species. Overall, bird species with exclusive Andean distribution and narrow altitudinal ranges are the most threatened by urban sprawl, irrespective of their trophic guild or foraging strata.DiscussionThis study emphasizes the importance of protecting native forest remnants in urban surroundings for conserving native Andean bird species, as urban green spaces in high-density cities may not sufficiently support their long-term survival and reproduction. Also, it highlights the need to identify conservation priorities based on local biodiversity patterns, taking into account that species-specific urban tolerance depends on particular landscape dynamics and species regional pools.
导言:根据物种在不同城市化水平下的出现频率对其进行分类,并确定一些能够解释这种差异的物种特征,这对于集中开展保护工作(尤其是在具有高特有率的生物多样性热点地区)来说可能是一个非常有价值的工具。本研究提出了一种半定量、多尺度的方案,根据鸟类在不同城市化水平下的出现频率,将鸟类分为城市避免者、利用者和居住者。我们在哥伦比亚北安第斯城市(麦德林及其周边地区)的 124 个城市点和 15 个非城市点进行了鸟类计数。根据 200 米、500 米和 1000 米的缓冲区,将每个城市点划分为高度城市化(67%-100% 的建筑覆盖率)、中度城市化(34%-66% 的建筑覆盖率)或低度城市化(0%-33% 的建筑覆盖率):我们对 103 种鸟类进行了分类:49 种为避免进入城市的鸟类,31 种为利用城市的鸟类,23 种为居住在城市的鸟类。有记录的两种哥伦比亚特有物种和七种近特有物种被归类为避免进入城市的鸟类,只有一种近特有物种被归类为利用城市的鸟类(其他三种鸟类数据不足)。此外,大多数仅分布于安第斯山脉的鸟类都被归类为避免进入城市的鸟类(78.57%)。与利用者(2 287 ± 592米)和居住者(2 569 ± 654米)相比,城市回避者的海拔范围(1 969 ± 524米)更窄,它们中食性节俭和食性节俭-食虫物种的比例最大,而城市居住者中杂食物种的比例更大。总体而言,无论其营养行会或觅食阶层如何,仅分布于安第斯山脉且海拔范围狭窄的鸟类受城市扩张的威胁最大。 讨论这项研究强调了保护城市周边的原生森林遗迹对保护安第斯山脉原生鸟类的重要性,因为高密度城市中的城市绿地可能不足以支持它们的长期生存和繁殖。此外,它还强调了根据当地生物多样性模式确定保护重点的必要性,同时考虑到特定物种对城市的耐受性取决于特定的景观动态和物种区域库。
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引用次数: 0
Signal partitioning between native and introduced forest birds of Hawai‘i Island 夏威夷岛本地和外来森林鸟类之间的信号分区
IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1399455
Noah J. Hunt, Thomas Ibanez, Adam A. Pack, Patrick J. Hart
Birds use sound for conspecific communication. According to the acoustic niche hypothesis, they avoid signal competition with other species by partitioning sound in frequency and time. Others have observed introduced species changing the vocal behavior of native species; however, community-level effects of multiple introduced species remain unknown. Hawai‘i, with its legacy of bird extinctions followed by a surge of human introductions, offers a unique opportunity to study acoustic signal partitioning between native and introduced species. We predicted that communities with higher percentages of introduced birds would exhibit more acoustic overlap between members of different species due to shorter time frames to evolve signal partitioning. Using autonomous recording units, we recorded forest bird communities during the summer in montane primary and secondary forests as well as a low-elevation agricultural site. Random samples of recordings from each site were visualized as spectrograms, and all bird vocalizations ≥5 decibels above background noise were identified and labeled by species. Frequency range and the proportion of overlap with other species were compared between native and introduced species. We also used a null model which randomized the start time of each bird vocalization within a location over 500 iterations, then compared the amount of heterospecific signal overlap in the randomizations to that observed in the recordings. While native and introduced species generally used similar frequency ranges, native-native heterospecific species vocalization pairs had a significantly higher proportion of overlap than introduced-native and native-native pairs. Additionally, the incidence of signal overlap in the original recordings tended to be lower than in the null model randomizations, but this difference was not significant, and was not influenced by the percentage of introduced species vocalizations at the site. The lack of significant difference between observed and null model signal overlap occurrence suggests that native and introduced forest birds were not partitioning acoustic space either spectrally or temporally, and that introduced birds are not strongly influencing signal partitioning in forest bird communities of Hawai‘i. However, this may have been a consequence of recording during the non-breeding season, and future work should compare vocal activity in native and introduced birds throughout the year.
鸟类利用声音进行同种交流。根据声学生态位假说,它们通过划分声音的频率和时间来避免与其他物种的信号竞争。还有人观察到外来物种改变了本地物种的发声行为;然而,多个外来物种对群落的影响仍是未知数。夏威夷在经历了鸟类灭绝之后又涌现出大量人类引入的物种,这为研究本地物种和引入物种之间的声学信号分区提供了一个独特的机会。我们预测,引入鸟类比例较高的群落,由于信号分区进化的时间较短,不同物种成员之间的声学重叠会更多。利用自主记录装置,我们在夏季对山地原始森林、次生林和低海拔农业区的森林鸟类群落进行了记录。我们将每个地点的随机录音样本制作成频谱图,并对所有高于背景噪声≥5分贝的鸟类发声进行识别和物种标记。比较了本地物种和外来物种的频率范围以及与其他物种重叠的比例。我们还使用了一个空模型,将一个地点内每种鸟类发声的开始时间随机化,迭代 500 次,然后将随机化中的异种信号重叠量与记录中观察到的重叠量进行比较。虽然本地物种和外来物种通常使用相似的频率范围,但本地-外来异种物种成对发声的重叠比例明显高于外来-本地物种和本地-本地物种成对发声的重叠比例。此外,原始录音中信号重叠的发生率往往低于空模型随机化的发生率,但这种差异并不显著,也不受现场引入物种发声比例的影响。观察到的信号重叠发生率与空模型中的信号重叠发生率之间没有明显差异,这表明本地和引进的森林鸟类并没有在频谱上或时间上分割声学空间,引进的鸟类并没有对夏威夷森林鸟类群落的信号分割产生强烈影响。不过,这可能是在非繁殖季节记录的结果,未来的工作应该比较本地鸟类和外来鸟类全年的发声活动。
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引用次数: 0
A meal to ameliorate the Anthropocene 改善人类世界的一餐
IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1440028
Soren Brothers, Francine McCarthy
Despite (or perhaps because of) the staggering scale and pace of global change, the concept of the Anthropocene eludes discrete classification. There is widespread consensus that conditions associated with the Anthropocene, including rapid biodiversity loss and climate change, must be addressed if we are to enjoy ongoing and rich experiences. At the crux of human impacts is urban living – as of 2024 nearly 60% of people live in cities. Human societies are tightly interconnected with each other and surrounding ecosystems, but for city-dwellers, these connections may seem abstract. A failure to appreciate and foster such connections can have human and environmental health repercussions. We present a concept for a meal featuring local wild foods that could only be appropriately served under regionally ameliorated Anthropocene conditions. By presenting this hypothetical “solution”, we seek a common ground that spans human (and non-human) cultures and behaviors, and a concept that can be extended to any community. The simplicity of the “Anthropocene meal” belies three primary challenges: improvements to urban design, maintenance of ecosystem health, and shifting cultural attitudes. However, these barriers are quantifiable and may be addressed within annual to decadal timelines, making the Anthropocene meal a broadly achievable goal, and thus a valid source of optimism in a time of great uncertainty.
尽管(或许是因为)全球变化的规模和速度令人震惊,但人类世这一概念却无法分门别类。与 "人类世 "相关的条件,包括生物多样性的迅速丧失和气候变化,已经成为广泛共识,如果我们要享受持续而丰富的体验,就必须加以解决。人类影响的核心是城市生活--截至 2024 年,近 60% 的人生活在城市。人类社会相互之间以及与周围的生态系统紧密相连,但对于城市居民来说,这些联系似乎很抽象。如果不重视和促进这种联系,就会对人类和环境健康造成影响。我们提出了一种以当地野生食物为特色的餐点概念,这种餐点只有在人类世区域性改善的条件下才能适当供应。通过提出这种假设的 "解决方案",我们寻求一种跨越人类(和非人类)文化和行为的共同点,以及一种可扩展到任何社区的概念。人类世大餐 "的简单性掩盖了三个主要挑战:改善城市设计、维护生态系统健康和转变文化态度。然而,这些障碍都是可以量化的,并且可以在每年到十年的时间内得到解决,这使得 "人类世大餐 "成为一个可以广泛实现的目标,从而在一个充满不确定性的时代成为乐观主义的有效来源。
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
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