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French universalist disparities: A racial capitalist reading of French universalism 法国普遍主义的差异:法国普遍主义的种族资本主义解读
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q3 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241270409
Daniel N. Maroun
This article unveils how the French political ideology of universalism benefits from the perpetual racialization of others. Drawing from various definitions and understandings of racial capitalism, I demonstrate how the success of universalism relies on the racialization of French society to strengthen its homogenizing cultural hegemony. Cedric Robinson notes that European civilization has historically demonstrated a tendency to differentiate social, cultural, and linguistic differences along racial lines and therefore becomes a distinctive subject of how racism and capitalism intersect in the form of a political ideology. I understand racial capitalism as a process where one derives social or economic value from the racial identity of another person. In this manner, I propose that universalism gains social and economic value by maintaining a racialized and differentiated social and working consciousness. To reinforce these observations, this article will examine various cultural events of the early 21st century where individuals of color and their labor are positioned as profitable entities for the Republic. These examples will highlight how certain French political agents employ universalism to assign socially tangible value to non-White bodies who adopt Republican values. The essay unfolds over three sections: firstly, an overview of the French universalist model and its contemporary crisis in light of a postimperial, pluralistic society; secondly, a theoretical reading of how racial capitalism and universalism intersect to produce and reproduce systemic inequalities that universalism purports to erase; and lastly, an analysis of various cultural examples that showcase how the institution of universalism, a cultural superstructure, depends on the infrastructure of non-White bodies to maintain its hegemony.
本文揭示了法国普世主义政治意识形态是如何从他人的永久种族化中获益的。通过对种族资本主义的不同定义和理解,我展示了普世主义的成功是如何依赖于法国社会的种族化来加强其同质化的文化霸权。塞德里克-罗宾逊(Cedric Robinson)指出,欧洲文明在历史上曾表现出一种以种族划分社会、文化和语言差异的倾向,因此成为种族主义和资本主义如何以政治意识形态的形式交织在一起的一个独特主题。我将种族资本主义理解为一个人从他人的种族身份中获取社会或经济价值的过程。因此,我提出,普世主义通过维持种族化和差异化的社会和工作意识来获得社会和经济价值。为了强化这些观点,本文将研究 21 世纪初的各种文化事件,在这些事件中,有色人种及其劳动力被定位为共和国的盈利实体。这些例子将强调某些法国政治代理人如何运用普世主义,为采用共和党价值观的非白人身体赋予有形的社会价值。文章分三部分展开:首先,概述法国的普世主义模式及其在后帝国多元化社会中的当代危机;其次,从理论上解读种族资本主义和普世主义如何相互交织,产生并复制普世主义声称要消除的系统性不平等;最后,分析各种文化实例,展示普世主义制度这一文化上层建筑如何依赖非白人身体的基础设施来维持其霸权。
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引用次数: 0
“Original sufferhead”: The boy-child and masculine sufferings in Ahmadou Kourouma’s Allah n’est pas obligé and Les Soleils des Indépendances "原始的苦难":Ahmadou Kourouma 的《Allah n'est pas obligé》和《Les Soleils des Indépendances》中的男童和男性之苦
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q3 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241262682
Omotayo Ajileye Jemiluyi
Revered as one of the principal figures of contemporary African literature and one of the greatest francophone writers, the celebrated Ivorian author; Ahmadou Kourouma, is renowned for his criticism of colonial machination, Africa's political and social structure, and satirical writings. In his selected works for this study—“Allah n’est pas obligé” and “Soleils des indépendances,” he profoundly explores and examines the arduous journey of the boy-child and manhood and how they grapple with societal pressures, expectations, challenges, exploitations, and conflicts. More so, he expounds the complexities of masculinity and the challenges of being a “man” in an African society. Thus, this study comprehensively explores the narratives of Kourouma and punctiliously investigates how they illume the intricacies of masculinity and the course of the boy-child. By adopting literary analysis, this study anatomizes the plotlines and characters within the selected works of the Ivorian prodigy and elucidates how the tribulations of the boy-child and the man are vividly depicted. It probes the societal expectations, identity crises, and emotional turmoil linked to these characters who struggle to navigate the turbulent pathway to manhood. Additionally, it spills the allegorical significance of “original sufferhead,” a musical piece from the legendary Fela Anikulapo Kuti, serving as a puissant metaphor that captures the struggles of the boy and the man in a failing society.
著名的科特迪瓦作家艾哈迈杜-库鲁马被誉为当代非洲文学的主要人物之一和最伟大的法语作家之一,他以批评殖民阴谋、非洲的政治和社会结构以及讽刺作品而闻名。在他为本研究选写的作品《真主没有义务》和《独立的阳光》中,他深刻地探讨和研究了男童和成人的艰辛历程,以及他们如何应对社会压力、期望、挑战、剥削和冲突。此外,他还阐述了男性气质的复杂性,以及在非洲社会中作为 "男人 "所面临的挑战。因此,本研究全面探讨了库鲁马的叙事,并认真研究了这些叙事如何揭示了男性气质的复杂性和男童的成长历程。通过文学分析,本研究对所选科特迪瓦神童作品中的情节和人物进行了剖析,阐明了如何生动描绘男童和男子的磨难。该书探究了社会的期望、身份危机以及与这些人物相关的情感动荡,他们在通往成人的动荡道路上艰难前行。此外,影片还揭示了传奇音乐家 Fela Anikulapo Kuti 的音乐作品 "original sufferhead "的寓言意义,作为一个有力的隐喻,它捕捉到了男孩和男人在失败社会中的挣扎。
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引用次数: 0
Creepypasta and “the Fabrègues Affair”: Imitation and aggression in a recent case of youth violence Creepypasta 和 "Fabrègues 事件":最近一起青少年暴力事件中的模仿和攻击行为
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q3 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241264974
Ian Williams Curtis
This article offers a critical analysis of “the Fabrègues Affair” (2022), a case of youth violence in which two twelve-year-old girls carried out a series of stabbings, resulting in the death of one of their fathers. What was initially viewed as a simple “family tragedy [ drame intrafamilial]” ballooned into a national conversation when the girls claimed, after their arrest, that their violent act had been inspired by “creepypasta,” crowdsourced online horror fictions and videos. While the crime, in its purported relation to digital forms of storytelling, appears eminently specific to the present moment, and while news coverage consistently emphasized the girls’ femininity and sexual orientation in an apparent attempt to further sensationalize their act, the conventional wisdom, as it appears in media coverage of the case, exposes a striking reliance among commentators on outdated psychoanalytic models that do not attend to the specificities of the moment, or to questions of gender and sexuality. This article explores how theories of the relationship between imitation and aggression have been applied in “the Fabrègues Affair” before proposing alternative feminist approaches to understanding the social phenomenon of violent behaviors among girls who appear to draw inspiration from imaginary monsters. In doing so, it aims to contribute new perspectives, drawn from feminist theory and horror studies, to girlhood and childhood studies in the contemporary French context.
本文对 "法布雷格事件"(2022 年)进行了批判性分析,在这起青少年暴力事件中,两名 12 岁的女孩实施了一系列刺杀行为,导致其中一名父亲死亡。这两名女孩在被捕后声称,她们的暴力行为是受 "惊悚小说"(creepypasta)的启发,"惊悚小说 "是一种众包的网络恐怖小说和视频。虽然这起犯罪声称与数字故事形式有关,但似乎与当下的具体情况密切相关,而且新闻报道一直在强调这些女孩的女性特征和性取向,显然是为了进一步渲染她们的行为,但在媒体对此案的报道中出现的传统智慧暴露了评论家们对过时的精神分析模式的严重依赖,这些模式并不关注当下的具体情况,也不关注性别和性的问题。本文探讨了 "法布雷盖斯事件 "中如何运用模仿与攻击之间关系的理论,然后提出了另一种女权主义方法,以理解那些似乎从想象中的怪物那里汲取灵感的女孩的暴力行为这一社会现象。这样做的目的是,从女性主义理论和恐怖研究中汲取新的视角,为当代法国背景下的女童和童年研究做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural encounters between Kaehwagi Chosŏn and modern France represented in the works of Kim T’akhwan and Sin Kyŏngsuk Kim T'akhwan 和 Sin Kyŏngsuk 作品中体现的开化郡与现代法国之间的文化邂逅
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241258203
Chan-Kyu Lee, Yoon-Jung Cho
This paper investigates the diplomatic ties between Chosŏn and France during the Kaehwagi period, an enlightenment era in the Chosŏn Dynasty, through a comparative study of historical novels by Korean writers Kim T’akhwan and Sin Kyŏngsuk. Both authors feature Li Tsin, the first woman of her time to travel to Europe, who undergoes a transformative journey from a conservative Chosŏn lady to a modern, independent figure under the influence of French culture. The paper examines how Li's story reflects the complexities of a society caught between imperial powers and the role of modern Western culture in Korea. By analyzing the perspectives of major contemporary Korean writers on the notion of “the Other,” which represents the West and French modern culture, the study explores the significance of Li Tsin's life experiences and their impact on Korea's perception of the West. The paper aims to uncover the post-Eurocentric perspectives that have persisted from the Kaehwagi period to the present, and how the contemporary culture of France allowed for independent reflection, breaking romantic conventions and enabling an autonomous reception of French culture in Korea.
本文通过比较研究韩国作家金达焕和辛景淑的历史小说,探讨朝鲜王朝开化时期朝鲜与法国之间的外交关系。两位作家的作品都以李真为主角,她是当时第一位前往欧洲的女性,在法国文化的影响下,经历了从保守的朝鲜女性到独立的现代女性的转变。本文探讨了李氏的故事如何反映了夹在帝国主义势力和现代西方文化在韩国的作用之间的社会的复杂性。通过分析韩国当代主要作家对代表西方和法国现代文化的 "他者 "概念的看法,本研究探讨了李真生活经历的意义及其对韩国对西方看法的影响。本文旨在揭示从开化年间至今一直存在的后欧洲中心主义观点,以及法国当代文化如何允许韩国作家进行独立思考,打破浪漫主义惯例,自主接受法国文化。
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引用次数: 0
Laughing about race in “colorblind” France: Racial stereotypes in French television comedy 在 "不分肤色 "的法国笑谈种族:法国电视喜剧中的种族定型观念
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241246957
Isaac Ekobo, George S. MacLeod
This article examines the portrayal of race in two iconic French television series, H and Platane, exploring how they negotiate racial stereotypes within the context of France's purportedly colorblind society. Through a comparative analysis, we analyze the comedic strategies employed by these shows, drawing on humor theory to elucidate the dynamics of superiority and relief in laughter. While H often reinforces racial stereotypes under the guise of criticizing racist speech, Platane adopts a more nuanced approach, inviting viewers to engage with the complexities of racial discourse. By contextualizing these representations within France's sociopolitical landscape, we demonstrate the evolving nature of race talk in French television and its implications for broader societal attitudes. This study underscores the significance of television comedy as a space for both reflecting and potentially challenging cultural norms surrounding race and identity.
本文研究了法国两部标志性电视剧《H》和《Platane》中的种族形象,探讨了这两部电视剧如何在法国这个号称无肤色歧视的社会背景下协商种族定型观念。通过比较分析,我们分析了这两部电视剧所采用的喜剧策略,并借鉴幽默理论阐明了笑声中的优越感和解脱感。H》往往打着批判种族主义言论的幌子强化种族刻板印象,而《Platane》则采用了一种更加细致入微的方法,邀请观众参与到复杂的种族话语中来。通过将这些表述与法国的社会政治背景相结合,我们展示了法国电视中种族言论不断演变的本质及其对更广泛的社会态度的影响。这项研究强调了电视喜剧作为反映并可能挑战围绕种族和身份的文化规范的空间的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Freak out! At the acousmonium: François Bayle and the dynamics of the subject 畸形!在acousmonium:弗朗索瓦-贝叶与主题的动力
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241243013
Sam Ridout
French electroacoustic music in the post-war decades has typically been associated with a high modernism that spurned popular or mass culture. This article situates electroacoustic music in the late 1960s and 1970s in relation to the transformation of the cultural field in this period, which unsettled clear divisions between high and low cultures. Attending in particular to the question of subjectivity as it appears in the theoretical writings of the composers Pierre Schaeffer and François Bayle, the article aligns Bayle's thinking with that of contemporary writers including Julia Kristeva and Roland Barthes, who launched a critique of the Enlightenment subject. This theoretical nexus suggests that Bayle's L’Expérience acoustique (1969–1972) posits a form of subjectivity closer to the psychedelic counterculture than to the sober listening of Schaeffer's writings. In unsettling the Schaefferian listening subject, the piece opens itself to a heterogeneous listening, the social consequences of which remain significant today.
战后数十年间,法国电声音乐通常被认为是与摒弃流行或大众文化的高度现代主义联系在一起的。这篇文章将 20 世纪 60 年代末和 70 年代的电声音乐与这一时期文化领域的变革联系起来,因为文化领域的变革打破了高雅文化和低俗文化之间的明确界限。文章特别关注作曲家皮埃尔-谢弗(Pierre Schaeffer)和弗朗索瓦-贝勒(François Bayle)理论著作中出现的主体性问题,将贝勒的思想与包括朱莉娅-克里斯蒂娃(Julia Kristeva)和罗兰-巴特(Roland Barthes)在内的当代作家的思想结合起来,对启蒙主体进行批判。这种理论联系表明,贝勒的《声学体验》(L'Expérience acoustique,1969-1972 年)所提出的主体性形式更接近迷幻反主流文化,而不是谢弗著作中的冷静倾听。该作品颠覆了谢弗式的聆听主体,向异质的聆听敞开了大门,其社会后果至今仍意义重大。
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引用次数: 0
The carceral in Tunisian popular culture 突尼斯流行文化中的胴体
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241240716
Mohamed Chamekh
This article makes use of James Scott's theory of ‘hidden transcripts’ to study cultural works and relevant writings that document the history of the carceral in Tunisia. It contends that prisoners found in songs and writings hidden transcripts to resist authoritarianism, to denounce the miscarriage of justice and to communicate with the outside world. Prisoner cultural works and writings show that the prisoner agency changed the carceral site into a secure social space to resist oppression and authoritarianism. Using Gaston Bachelard's conception of the house, we found that the prison cell had the value of a ‘house’ for memories, thoughts, imaginations and dreams. This paper concludes that prisoner songs and writings served as a counternarrative that helped in developing a different version of Tunisian modern history.
本文利用詹姆斯-斯科特(James Scott)的 "隐藏文本 "理论,研究了记录突尼斯囚禁历史的文化作品和相关著作。文章认为,囚犯在歌曲和著作中找到了抵抗专制、谴责司法不公以及与外界沟通的隐藏文本。囚犯的文化作品和著作表明,囚犯机构将监禁场所转变为一个安全的社会空间,以反抗压迫和专制。利用加斯东-巴赫拉(Gaston Bachelard)的 "房子 "概念,我们发现监狱牢房具有 "房子 "的价值,可以容纳记忆、思想、想象和梦想。本文的结论是,囚犯的歌曲和文章作为一种反叙述,有助于形成突尼斯现代历史的不同版本。
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引用次数: 0
Survival and speechlessness in Malabou: Oedipus or Eurydice?* 马拉博的生存与无言:俄狄浦斯还是欧律狄刻?
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241236914
Eva-Maria Aigner
How to speak of wounding, of survival? Regarding a new “recently adopted apocalyptic tone in philosophy” and the multiple crises of the twenty-first century this question, which has shaped Occidental philosophy after Auschwitz, seems to have gained increased urgency. In her book “The New Wounded” (orig. 2007) Malabou addresses this question of the (im)possibility of the symbolization of traumatic injuries. The paper develops Malabou's understanding of survival as dis-continuity and the problem of the speechlessness of the survivor implicit to it: What can, in fact, be said, when the “in-dividual” is suspended from the chronological order of time and its mode of survival consists precisely in this suspension? By also considering the work of Dufourmantelle and Derrida on this matter, I intend to open up a yet underexplored perspective on deconstruction's contribution to a thinking of survival.
如何谈论创伤和生存?这个问题在奥斯维辛集中营之后影响了西方哲学,在 "哲学界最近采用的世界末日语调 "和二十一世纪的多重危机中,这个问题似乎变得更加紧迫。马拉博在她的著作《新伤痕》(原著,2007 年)中论述了创伤符号化的(不)可能性问题。本文阐述了马拉博对生存作为非连续性的理解,以及其中隐含的幸存者无言的问题:当 "内在个体 "被悬置于时间顺序之外,而其生存方式恰恰在于这种悬置时,事实上又能说些什么呢?通过对杜福门泰勒和德里达在这一问题上的研究,我打算为解构主义对生存思考的贡献开辟一个尚未充分探索的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Annie Ernaux: politics lived and written 安妮-埃尔诺:生活和写作中的政治
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/09571558241231735
Ève Morisi
‘Annie Ernaux: Politics lived and written’ starts by outlining the aim and key terms of this special issue of French Cultural Studies dedicated to ‘Annie Ernaux: Writing, Politics’. It then provides an overview of her life, highlighting some of the ways in which the writer, who was born in 1940, experienced or witnessed first-hand the historical events, legal pressures, and socio-political realities of her era. There follows a reminder of the two prevalent concerns that have structured her work, namely ‘le mépris social’ and ‘la domination masculine’, both of which pertain to ‘ le politique’. ‘ La politique’ being also subject to examination in the articles in this issue, the politics of Ernaux – the citizen and the writer – is subsequently surveyed and consideration is given to the author's will to distinguish it from the ‘political action of literary writing’. Finally, this introduction examines the processes of representation and self-positioning that shape the political in Ernaux's prose. A concluding section provides an overview of the nine contributions brought together here.
安妮-厄尔诺:安妮-厄尔诺:生活和写作中的政治 "首先概述了本期《法国文化研究》特刊的宗旨和关键术语,特刊的主题是 "安妮-厄尔诺:写作、政治":写作、政治 "的特刊。然后概述了她的生平,重点介绍了这位出生于 1940 年的女作家如何亲身经历或见证了她所处时代的历史事件、法律压力和社会政治现实。她的作品主要关注两个问题,即 "社会危机 "和 "男性统治",这两个问题都与 "政治 "有关。政治 "也是本期文章的研究对象,随后将探讨埃尔诺的政治--公民和作家--并考虑作者将其与 "文学写作的政治行动 "区分开来的意愿。最后,本导言探讨了埃尔诺散文中塑造政治性的表述和自我定位过程。最后一节概述了汇集在此的九篇文章。
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引用次数: 0
Ernaux vue par les écrivain.e.s transfuges et/ou féministes : littérature et insoumission 叛逃者和/或女权主义作家眼中的埃尔诺:文学与不服从
IF 0.4 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/09571558231214821
Aurélie Adler
RésuméLauréate du Prix Nobel, Annie Ernaux est une écrivaine consacrée mais elle est en outre considérée comme une représentante des dominé.e.s, avec toutes les ambiguïtés que ce terme de « représentante » recouvre. Si la réception de l’œuvre demeure clivée en France, force est de constater que le programme qui a en partie guidé l’œuvre d’Ernaux – « venger ma race et venger mon sexe » – participe d’une conception politique de la littérature qui peut prendre une valeur prescriptive ou incitative pour des écrivain.e.s transfuges de classe et/ou féministes. Par leurs commentaires critiques, ces écrivain.e.s infléchissent la lecture de l’œuvre – par l’autrice mais aussi par les lecteurs ordinaires – qui confère une utilité sociale à la « transgression » esthétique prêtée à la prose d’Ernaux.
摘要诺贝尔文学奖得主安妮-厄尔诺是一位著名作家,但她也被视为被统治者的代表。在法国,人们对她作品的评价仍然存在分歧,但不得不说的是,指导埃尔诺创作的部分纲领--"为我的种族和性别复仇"--是文学的政治概念的一部分,对于那些阶级叛逃者和/或女权主义者作家来说,这种政治概念可能具有规定性或煽动性的价值。通过他们的批评意见,这些作家影响了作品的阅读方式--无论是作者还是普通读者--为厄尔诺散文的美学 "越轨 "赋予了社会效用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
French Cultural Studies
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