Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, Maria V. Alvanou, Athanasios Lattos, Kosmas Ouroulis, I. Giantsis
Biofloc technology (BFT) offers an innovative eco-friendly approach that is particularly applicable in shrimp farming. Penaeus vannamei is the most important seafood species in terms of global economic value. Nevertheless, its increasing global demand highlights the necessity for sustainable production of P. vannamei shrimps outside their native range, assuring the avoidance of genetic pollution risk. Towards this direction, the present study focuses on the feasibility of tropical shrimp species aquaculture in indoor systems evaluating BFT application in temperate zones. The achievability of P. vannamei cultivation inside greenhouses in temperate latitudes is thoroughly examined and a representative experimental biofloc setup for P. vannamei within a greenhouse in Northern Greece is demonstrated. Nevertheless, there are two major limitations, related to economy and ecology, namely the energy demand for high seawater temperature and the fact that most reared shrimps are non-indigenous species setting risk for genetic pollution, respectively. To overcome the former, energy-saving measures such as tank and greenhouse insulation in combination with a microclimate chamber construction were implemented to optimize water temperature at minimal cost. Concerning the latter, there is clear evidence that P. vannamei populations cannot be established in the Mediterranean, setting aside any environmental risk. Overall, based on the developed and tested pilot prototype, employment of optimal management practices, innovative manufacturing and clean energy alternatives, and the utilization of ecosystem services could reduce the environmental impact and maximize the profitability of biofloc operations. These actions could probably permit sustainable and economically viable farming of P. vannamei employing BFT within greenhouses in the Mediterranean.
{"title":"Tropical Shrimp Biofloc Aquaculture within Greenhouses in the Mediterranean: Preconditions, Perspectives, and a Prototype Description","authors":"Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, Maria V. Alvanou, Athanasios Lattos, Kosmas Ouroulis, I. Giantsis","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060208","url":null,"abstract":"Biofloc technology (BFT) offers an innovative eco-friendly approach that is particularly applicable in shrimp farming. Penaeus vannamei is the most important seafood species in terms of global economic value. Nevertheless, its increasing global demand highlights the necessity for sustainable production of P. vannamei shrimps outside their native range, assuring the avoidance of genetic pollution risk. Towards this direction, the present study focuses on the feasibility of tropical shrimp species aquaculture in indoor systems evaluating BFT application in temperate zones. The achievability of P. vannamei cultivation inside greenhouses in temperate latitudes is thoroughly examined and a representative experimental biofloc setup for P. vannamei within a greenhouse in Northern Greece is demonstrated. Nevertheless, there are two major limitations, related to economy and ecology, namely the energy demand for high seawater temperature and the fact that most reared shrimps are non-indigenous species setting risk for genetic pollution, respectively. To overcome the former, energy-saving measures such as tank and greenhouse insulation in combination with a microclimate chamber construction were implemented to optimize water temperature at minimal cost. Concerning the latter, there is clear evidence that P. vannamei populations cannot be established in the Mediterranean, setting aside any environmental risk. Overall, based on the developed and tested pilot prototype, employment of optimal management practices, innovative manufacturing and clean energy alternatives, and the utilization of ecosystem services could reduce the environmental impact and maximize the profitability of biofloc operations. These actions could probably permit sustainable and economically viable farming of P. vannamei employing BFT within greenhouses in the Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiakang Li, Shengmao Zhang, Penglong Li, Yang Dai, Zuli Wu
Fish body measurement is essential for monitoring fish farming and evaluating growth. Non-destructive underwater measurements play a significant role in aquaculture management. This study involved annotating images of fish in aquaculture settings and utilized a line laser for underwater distance calibration and fish body inclined-angle calculation. The YOLOv8 model was employed for fish identification and key-point detection, enabling the determination of actual body dimensions through a mathematical model. The results show a root-mean-square error of 6.8 pixels for underwater distance calibration using the line laser. The pre-training YOLOv8-n, with its lower parameter counts and higher MAP values, proved more effective for fish identification and key-point detection, considering speed and accuracy. Average body length measurements within 1.5 m of the camera showed a minor deviation of 2.46% compared to manual measurements. The average relative errors for body length and width were 2.46% and 5.11%, respectively, with corresponding average absolute errors. This study introduces innovative techniques for fish body measurement in aquaculture, promoting the digitization and informatization of aquaculture processes.
{"title":"Research on Measuring the Bodies of Underwater Fish with Inclined Positions Using the YOLOv8 Model and a Line-Laser System","authors":"Jiakang Li, Shengmao Zhang, Penglong Li, Yang Dai, Zuli Wu","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060206","url":null,"abstract":"Fish body measurement is essential for monitoring fish farming and evaluating growth. Non-destructive underwater measurements play a significant role in aquaculture management. This study involved annotating images of fish in aquaculture settings and utilized a line laser for underwater distance calibration and fish body inclined-angle calculation. The YOLOv8 model was employed for fish identification and key-point detection, enabling the determination of actual body dimensions through a mathematical model. The results show a root-mean-square error of 6.8 pixels for underwater distance calibration using the line laser. The pre-training YOLOv8-n, with its lower parameter counts and higher MAP values, proved more effective for fish identification and key-point detection, considering speed and accuracy. Average body length measurements within 1.5 m of the camera showed a minor deviation of 2.46% compared to manual measurements. The average relative errors for body length and width were 2.46% and 5.11%, respectively, with corresponding average absolute errors. This study introduces innovative techniques for fish body measurement in aquaculture, promoting the digitization and informatization of aquaculture processes.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Araújo, M. Gamboa, Ioannis Choulis, A. Candeias‐Mendes, Elsa Cabrita, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira, Florbela Soares
Understanding and controlling reproductive cycles and gonad maturation in cultivated species are crucial in aquaculture. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, known for its edible gonads, requires careful maturation control for both reproduction and commercialization. This study explores the impact of temperature, photoperiod, and diet on gonad development to enhance year-round aquaculture practices. Using two independent cultivation systems, we manipulated environmental conditions to mimic different seasons. Sea urchins were exposed to natural or manipulated temperature and photoperiod conditions and fed either natural (Ulva spp.) or formulated diets. The gonadosomatic index (GI) and histological analysis were used to assess gonad development. The results revealed a clear correlation between environmental conditions, diet, and gonad maturation. Manipulated conditions accelerated maturation, with sea urchins showing advanced stages compared to natural conditions. Furthermore, sea urchins fed formulated diets exhibited higher GI values, indicating enhanced maturation. Histological analysis confirmed accelerated maturation, particularly in females. This study underscores the feasibility of controlling gonad maturation through environmental manipulation and diet, enabling year-round marketable gonad production. Providing formulated diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), enhances the commercial value of sea urchins. These findings optimize aquaculture practices for P. lividus, highlighting its adaptability to the maximal production of gonads throughout the year.
了解和控制养殖物种的生殖周期和性腺成熟对水产养殖至关重要。海胆（Paracentrotus lividus）以其可食用的性腺而闻名，它的繁殖和商业化都需要谨慎的成熟控制。本研究探讨了温度、光周期和饮食对性腺发育的影响，以加强全年水产养殖实践。我们使用两个独立的养殖系统，操纵环境条件来模拟不同的季节。海胆暴露在自然或人为控制的温度和光周期条件下，并喂食天然（莼菜属）或配方饲料。采用性腺发育指数（GI）和组织学分析来评估性腺发育情况。结果显示，环境条件、日粮和性腺成熟之间存在明显的相关性。人工条件加速了海胆的成熟，与自然条件相比，海胆的成熟期提前。此外，喂食配制食物的海胆显示出更高的 GI 值，表明其成熟度更高。组织学分析证实了海胆的加速成熟，尤其是雌性海胆。这项研究强调了通过环境控制和饮食来控制性腺成熟的可行性，从而实现全年生产适销性腺。提供富含多不饱和脂肪酸（尤其是二十二碳六烯酸（DHA））的配方日粮可提高海胆的商业价值。这些发现优化了 P. lividus 的水产养殖方法，突出了其全年性腺最大产量的适应性。
{"title":"Influence of Feeding, Temperature and Photoperiod on Purple Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) Gonad Development","authors":"J. Araújo, M. Gamboa, Ioannis Choulis, A. Candeias‐Mendes, Elsa Cabrita, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira, Florbela Soares","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060207","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and controlling reproductive cycles and gonad maturation in cultivated species are crucial in aquaculture. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, known for its edible gonads, requires careful maturation control for both reproduction and commercialization. This study explores the impact of temperature, photoperiod, and diet on gonad development to enhance year-round aquaculture practices. Using two independent cultivation systems, we manipulated environmental conditions to mimic different seasons. Sea urchins were exposed to natural or manipulated temperature and photoperiod conditions and fed either natural (Ulva spp.) or formulated diets. The gonadosomatic index (GI) and histological analysis were used to assess gonad development. The results revealed a clear correlation between environmental conditions, diet, and gonad maturation. Manipulated conditions accelerated maturation, with sea urchins showing advanced stages compared to natural conditions. Furthermore, sea urchins fed formulated diets exhibited higher GI values, indicating enhanced maturation. Histological analysis confirmed accelerated maturation, particularly in females. This study underscores the feasibility of controlling gonad maturation through environmental manipulation and diet, enabling year-round marketable gonad production. Providing formulated diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), enhances the commercial value of sea urchins. These findings optimize aquaculture practices for P. lividus, highlighting its adaptability to the maximal production of gonads throughout the year.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delong Xiang, Yang Li, Keji Jiang, Haibin Han, Yuhan Wang, Shenglong Yang, Heng Zhang, Yuyan Sun
To understand the spatial temporal distribution characteristics of Illex argentinus caught by trawl fishing vessels in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and their relationship with key marine environmental factors, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in the fishing ground center of trawl vessels at the ten-day scale from December 2019 to May 2022, combining Chinese trawl fishing log data marine environmental data with satellite remote sensing marine environmental data. Utilizing the Maxent model, ten-day intervals were used as the temporal scale, and ten marine environmental factors, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, sea surface salinity, chlorophyll concentration, temperature at 50 m and 100 m depth, and the meridional and zonal velocities of ocean currents were quantitatively analyzed to explore the correlation between the spatial distribution of catch and environmental factors. The study reveals that the trawl fishing grounds for Illex argentinus are divided into southern and northern grounds. The southern grounds first appear near 45°20′ S in December, gradually moving southeastward in February and March. The northern grounds do not appear until April, near 42° S in the high seas. On the ten-day time scale, the central fishing grounds of Illex argentinus show significant spatial variability but minor interannual differences. The Maxent model results indicate that sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration are the key environmental factors influencing the spatial and temporal variability of the high seas trawl fishing grounds for most of the time, with high environmental contribution rates during the fishing season. While the range of suitable habitats with an HSI > 0.6 identified by the Maxent model varies significantly between years, a pattern is observed where the range expands at the start and end of the fishing season and contracts during the peak fishing season. This suggests that a more concentrated range of suitable habitats is conducive to accurate predictions of trawl fishing grounds, enabling efficient fishing operations.
{"title":"Environmental Influences on Illex argentinus Trawling Grounds in the Southwest Atlantic High Seas","authors":"Delong Xiang, Yang Li, Keji Jiang, Haibin Han, Yuhan Wang, Shenglong Yang, Heng Zhang, Yuyan Sun","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060209","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the spatial temporal distribution characteristics of Illex argentinus caught by trawl fishing vessels in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and their relationship with key marine environmental factors, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in the fishing ground center of trawl vessels at the ten-day scale from December 2019 to May 2022, combining Chinese trawl fishing log data marine environmental data with satellite remote sensing marine environmental data. Utilizing the Maxent model, ten-day intervals were used as the temporal scale, and ten marine environmental factors, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, sea surface salinity, chlorophyll concentration, temperature at 50 m and 100 m depth, and the meridional and zonal velocities of ocean currents were quantitatively analyzed to explore the correlation between the spatial distribution of catch and environmental factors. The study reveals that the trawl fishing grounds for Illex argentinus are divided into southern and northern grounds. The southern grounds first appear near 45°20′ S in December, gradually moving southeastward in February and March. The northern grounds do not appear until April, near 42° S in the high seas. On the ten-day time scale, the central fishing grounds of Illex argentinus show significant spatial variability but minor interannual differences. The Maxent model results indicate that sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration are the key environmental factors influencing the spatial and temporal variability of the high seas trawl fishing grounds for most of the time, with high environmental contribution rates during the fishing season. While the range of suitable habitats with an HSI > 0.6 identified by the Maxent model varies significantly between years, a pattern is observed where the range expands at the start and end of the fishing season and contracts during the peak fishing season. This suggests that a more concentrated range of suitable habitats is conducive to accurate predictions of trawl fishing grounds, enabling efficient fishing operations.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen−rich water (HRW) is widely recognized for its growth promoting, antioxidant, and anti−inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the role of HRW in aquaculture. This study aims to investigate how different concentrations of HRW affect the growth performance, digestive ability, antioxidant capacity, mTOR signaling pathway, and gut microbiota of juvenile largemouth bass. We randomly assigned 360 fish (13.73 ± 0.1 g) to three treatments. The control group was maintained in regular water, while the treatment groups were treated with different concentrations of H2 dissolved in water, which were H1 (179.65 ± 31.95 ppb) and H2 (280.65 ± 64.43 ppb), respectively. Through an analysis of the three treatments, it was found that H1 significantly increased the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and survival rate, and reduced the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). In addition, the trypsin activity was significantly increased in the intestine (p < 0.05), and the expression of genes related to the glucose metabolism (pk and pepck) and mTOR (tor, akt, s6k1, 4ebp1, and ampka) signaling pathways were significantly increased in the liver in H1 (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Blautia in the gut microbiota (p < 0.05) was significantly increased in H1. Therefore, these results indicated that H1 can significantly improve growth performance, promote intestinal digestion, activate the glucose metabolism pathway and mTOR signaling pathway, and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut of largemouth bass. These findings provided valuable support for the application of HRW to support the healthy aquaculture of largemouth bass.
{"title":"The Effects of Different Concentrations of Hydrogen−Rich Water on the Growth Performance, Digestive Ability, Antioxidant Capacity, Glucose Metabolism Pathway, mTOR Signaling Pathway, and Gut Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Yin Yuan, Huixiang Li, Songwei Chen, Yongchun Lin, Jiangyuan Peng, Junru Hu, Yongsheng Wang","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060210","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen−rich water (HRW) is widely recognized for its growth promoting, antioxidant, and anti−inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the role of HRW in aquaculture. This study aims to investigate how different concentrations of HRW affect the growth performance, digestive ability, antioxidant capacity, mTOR signaling pathway, and gut microbiota of juvenile largemouth bass. We randomly assigned 360 fish (13.73 ± 0.1 g) to three treatments. The control group was maintained in regular water, while the treatment groups were treated with different concentrations of H2 dissolved in water, which were H1 (179.65 ± 31.95 ppb) and H2 (280.65 ± 64.43 ppb), respectively. Through an analysis of the three treatments, it was found that H1 significantly increased the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and survival rate, and reduced the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). In addition, the trypsin activity was significantly increased in the intestine (p < 0.05), and the expression of genes related to the glucose metabolism (pk and pepck) and mTOR (tor, akt, s6k1, 4ebp1, and ampka) signaling pathways were significantly increased in the liver in H1 (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Blautia in the gut microbiota (p < 0.05) was significantly increased in H1. Therefore, these results indicated that H1 can significantly improve growth performance, promote intestinal digestion, activate the glucose metabolism pathway and mTOR signaling pathway, and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut of largemouth bass. These findings provided valuable support for the application of HRW to support the healthy aquaculture of largemouth bass.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Carvalho, Hellyjúnyor Brandão, J. C. Zemor, Alessandro Cardozo, Felipe N. Vieira, Marcelo H. Okamoto, Gamze Turan, Luís H. Poersch
Different fertilization regimes in biofloc systems influence the predominance of distinct bacterial populations, impacting water quality and organism performance. This study evaluates the growth and nutrient absorption of the macroalgae Ulva lactuca when cultivated in an integrated system with Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus in chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic systems. The experiment lasted 45 days and comprised two treatments, each with three replicates: chemoautotrophic—utilizing chemical fertilizers; heterotrophic—employing inoculum from mature biofloc shrimp cultivation, supplemented with organic fertilizers. Each treatment consisted of three systems, each containing a 4 m3 tank for shrimp, 0.7 m3 for tilapia, and 0.35 m3 for macroalgae, with continuous water circulation between tanks and constant aeration. Water quality analyses were carried out during the experiment, as were the performances of the macroalgae and animals. The data were subjected to a statistical analysis. Results revealed an increase in macroalgae biomass and the removal of nitrate (57%) and phosphate (47%) during cultivation, with a higher specific growth rate observed in the chemoautotrophic treatment. Nonetheless, the heterotrophic treatment exhibited higher levels of protein in the macroalgae (18% dry matter) and phosphate removal rates (56%), along with superior maintenance of water quality parameters. Tilapia performance varied across treatments, with a higher final weight and weight gain recorded in the heterotrophic treatment. The recycling of water from an ongoing biofloc cultivation with organic fertilization demonstrated viability for macroalgae cultivation within an integrated system involving shrimp and fish.
{"title":"Effect of Organic or Inorganic Fertilization on Microbial Flake Production in Integrated Cultivation of Ulva lactuca with Oreochromis niloticus and Penaeus vannamei","authors":"A. Carvalho, Hellyjúnyor Brandão, J. C. Zemor, Alessandro Cardozo, Felipe N. Vieira, Marcelo H. Okamoto, Gamze Turan, Luís H. Poersch","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060191","url":null,"abstract":"Different fertilization regimes in biofloc systems influence the predominance of distinct bacterial populations, impacting water quality and organism performance. This study evaluates the growth and nutrient absorption of the macroalgae Ulva lactuca when cultivated in an integrated system with Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus in chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic systems. The experiment lasted 45 days and comprised two treatments, each with three replicates: chemoautotrophic—utilizing chemical fertilizers; heterotrophic—employing inoculum from mature biofloc shrimp cultivation, supplemented with organic fertilizers. Each treatment consisted of three systems, each containing a 4 m3 tank for shrimp, 0.7 m3 for tilapia, and 0.35 m3 for macroalgae, with continuous water circulation between tanks and constant aeration. Water quality analyses were carried out during the experiment, as were the performances of the macroalgae and animals. The data were subjected to a statistical analysis. Results revealed an increase in macroalgae biomass and the removal of nitrate (57%) and phosphate (47%) during cultivation, with a higher specific growth rate observed in the chemoautotrophic treatment. Nonetheless, the heterotrophic treatment exhibited higher levels of protein in the macroalgae (18% dry matter) and phosphate removal rates (56%), along with superior maintenance of water quality parameters. Tilapia performance varied across treatments, with a higher final weight and weight gain recorded in the heterotrophic treatment. The recycling of water from an ongoing biofloc cultivation with organic fertilization demonstrated viability for macroalgae cultivation within an integrated system involving shrimp and fish.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyang Wang, Fan Li, Fei Shao, Hongjun Song, Na Song, Xiaomin Zhang, Linlin Zhao
The Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters serve as crucial spawning, foraging, and nursery areas for marine organisms, possessing abundant biological resources. Monitoring fish communities provides a baseline for implementing the sustainable utilization of marine resources. In this study, data were collected from 15 spring surface and bottom sites and 17 summer surface sites using eDNA and trawl surveys. The results showed that 37, 40, and 35 fish species were detected using eDNA in the spring (surface and bottom) and summer (surface), respectively, with 38 fish species caught during summer trawling. The dominant species mainly belonged to Engraulidae of Clupeiformes in the spring and Gobiidae of Perciformes in the summer, characterized by smaller-sized, short-lived, and pelagic fish species. The summer surface communities exhibited higher diversity than the spring surface and bottom communities. NMDS analysis revealed a degree of seasonal differences in fish communities and that there may be a lack of vertical stratification in the spring communities. The pH and DO were identified as the key environmental factors affecting the fish community. Additionally, the combination of eDNA and trawl surveys was regarded as a superior survey method. Our study provides valuable information for understanding seasonal fish communities in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters, contributing to fishery resource management and conservation in the region.
{"title":"Exploring Seasonal Variations in Fish Communities: A Study of the Yellow River Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters Using eDNA and Trawl Surveys","authors":"Xiaoyang Wang, Fan Li, Fei Shao, Hongjun Song, Na Song, Xiaomin Zhang, Linlin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060192","url":null,"abstract":"The Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters serve as crucial spawning, foraging, and nursery areas for marine organisms, possessing abundant biological resources. Monitoring fish communities provides a baseline for implementing the sustainable utilization of marine resources. In this study, data were collected from 15 spring surface and bottom sites and 17 summer surface sites using eDNA and trawl surveys. The results showed that 37, 40, and 35 fish species were detected using eDNA in the spring (surface and bottom) and summer (surface), respectively, with 38 fish species caught during summer trawling. The dominant species mainly belonged to Engraulidae of Clupeiformes in the spring and Gobiidae of Perciformes in the summer, characterized by smaller-sized, short-lived, and pelagic fish species. The summer surface communities exhibited higher diversity than the spring surface and bottom communities. NMDS analysis revealed a degree of seasonal differences in fish communities and that there may be a lack of vertical stratification in the spring communities. The pH and DO were identified as the key environmental factors affecting the fish community. Additionally, the combination of eDNA and trawl surveys was regarded as a superior survey method. Our study provides valuable information for understanding seasonal fish communities in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters, contributing to fishery resource management and conservation in the region.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of environmental changes on zebrafish larval behavior, using single-factor and orthogonal experiments to assess locomotion during temperature and pH changes. In single-factor experiments, zebrafish larvae were exposed to variations in temperature (22 to 30 °C) and pH levels (6.0, 7.0, 9.0). The simultaneous temperature and pH changes were investigated by orthogonal tests. In both experiments, each zebrafish larva was recorded in three 5 min videos at different stages (before exposure, during short-term exposure (10 min), and after long-term exposure (60 min)). You Look Only Once (YOLOv5) and Deep Simple Online Real Time Tracking (DeepSORT) models were adopted to develop a zebrafish larva tracking system, and YOLOv5 was improved in two aspects of anchor clustering and network structure. The tracking accuracy of the tracking system for small targets effectively improved, reaching more than 98% MOTA (Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to extract three behavioral features from 13 motion parameters, namely motion activity, edge behavior, and motion direction preference. Our findings reveal that lower temperatures and acidic conditions both led to a decrease in motion behavioral activity, and the former also increased edge behavior. Conversely, elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions had a muted impact on these behaviors. Interestingly, concurrent changes in temperature and pH significantly altered directional preference. Additionally, we observed that lower temperatures elicited distinct temporal behavioral patterns at a constant pH level. In summary, we recommend the precise control and explicit reporting of ambient temperature and pH in both breeding devices and experimental wells to minimize the environmental impact on zebrafish behavior and enhance experiment repeatability and reliability.
{"title":"Quantifying Variability in Zebrafish Larvae Locomotor Behavior across Experimental Conditions: A Learning-Based Tracker","authors":"Zhuo Zhang, Xinyu Chai, Guoning Si, Xuping Zhang","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060193","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of environmental changes on zebrafish larval behavior, using single-factor and orthogonal experiments to assess locomotion during temperature and pH changes. In single-factor experiments, zebrafish larvae were exposed to variations in temperature (22 to 30 °C) and pH levels (6.0, 7.0, 9.0). The simultaneous temperature and pH changes were investigated by orthogonal tests. In both experiments, each zebrafish larva was recorded in three 5 min videos at different stages (before exposure, during short-term exposure (10 min), and after long-term exposure (60 min)). You Look Only Once (YOLOv5) and Deep Simple Online Real Time Tracking (DeepSORT) models were adopted to develop a zebrafish larva tracking system, and YOLOv5 was improved in two aspects of anchor clustering and network structure. The tracking accuracy of the tracking system for small targets effectively improved, reaching more than 98% MOTA (Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to extract three behavioral features from 13 motion parameters, namely motion activity, edge behavior, and motion direction preference. Our findings reveal that lower temperatures and acidic conditions both led to a decrease in motion behavioral activity, and the former also increased edge behavior. Conversely, elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions had a muted impact on these behaviors. Interestingly, concurrent changes in temperature and pH significantly altered directional preference. Additionally, we observed that lower temperatures elicited distinct temporal behavioral patterns at a constant pH level. In summary, we recommend the precise control and explicit reporting of ambient temperature and pH in both breeding devices and experimental wells to minimize the environmental impact on zebrafish behavior and enhance experiment repeatability and reliability.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rémi Millot, Mikaël Demolliens, Jean-José Filippi, Sally Pugliese, A. Delmas, Alizée Boussard, Loriane Alonso, Adeline Suchel, Emilie Poletti, Jean-François Luca, Reda Hayoun, Laura Gutierrez, Alexandre Vela, Romain Bastien, Antoine Aiello
Successful aquacultural production of juvenile fish requires that the optimal rearing conditions be applied. However, for many fish species, there is a significant knowledge gap concerning these conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of stocking density on the survival and growth of brown meagre, Sciaena umbra (L.), during rearing trials in an experimental hatchery. This research forms part of a feasibility project to improve the aquacultural production of brown meagre. Four initial larval density treatments (5, 10, 30, and 70 larvae per L) were established. At 0, 9, 17, 22, and 25 days post-hatching, we measured the total length, coefficient of variation in length, and specific growth rate. The physicochemical water parameters remained at satisfactory levels for fish culture throughout the experiment. Lower densities promoted better growth in terms of total length, specific growth rate, and survival. We observed a significant negative correlation between larval density and length growth/survival. Thus, the low larval density treatment yielded the highest survival (48.5% ± 3.46%), growth in final total length (11.9 ± 1.09 mm), and specific growth rate (5.13% ± 0.39% per day). Increased stocking density therefore negatively affects growth and survival, reduces homogeneity, but increases the production of S. umbra larvae. This study helps identify optimal aquaculture conditions for maximizing the production of juvenile S. umbra for ecological restoration.
{"title":"Effect of Stocking Density on Survival and Growth of Brown Meagre Sciaena umbra (L.) Larvae","authors":"Rémi Millot, Mikaël Demolliens, Jean-José Filippi, Sally Pugliese, A. Delmas, Alizée Boussard, Loriane Alonso, Adeline Suchel, Emilie Poletti, Jean-François Luca, Reda Hayoun, Laura Gutierrez, Alexandre Vela, Romain Bastien, Antoine Aiello","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060190","url":null,"abstract":"Successful aquacultural production of juvenile fish requires that the optimal rearing conditions be applied. However, for many fish species, there is a significant knowledge gap concerning these conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of stocking density on the survival and growth of brown meagre, Sciaena umbra (L.), during rearing trials in an experimental hatchery. This research forms part of a feasibility project to improve the aquacultural production of brown meagre. Four initial larval density treatments (5, 10, 30, and 70 larvae per L) were established. At 0, 9, 17, 22, and 25 days post-hatching, we measured the total length, coefficient of variation in length, and specific growth rate. The physicochemical water parameters remained at satisfactory levels for fish culture throughout the experiment. Lower densities promoted better growth in terms of total length, specific growth rate, and survival. We observed a significant negative correlation between larval density and length growth/survival. Thus, the low larval density treatment yielded the highest survival (48.5% ± 3.46%), growth in final total length (11.9 ± 1.09 mm), and specific growth rate (5.13% ± 0.39% per day). Increased stocking density therefore negatively affects growth and survival, reduces homogeneity, but increases the production of S. umbra larvae. This study helps identify optimal aquaculture conditions for maximizing the production of juvenile S. umbra for ecological restoration.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enric Gisbert, Sandra Molas, Esteban Hernández, Ricard Carbó, Alberto Ruiz
The combined production of three varieties of lettuce (romaine, iceberg, and red leaf) with flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was tested in triplicate in three independent coupled aquaponic units with no thermal control. For this purpose, a total of 114 fish (2.5 kg/m3) were stocked in each fish tank (2 m3), and 92 lettuces were planted in the hydroponic unit (6 m2). As no thermal control was included in the design of the aquaponic system, water temperatures declined from maximum values of 20.4 °C to minimum values of 5.0 °C, which directly affected fish growth. However, the conditions imposed by the aquaponic system were suitable for promoting lettuce’s growth and external appearance, as no pests or leaf discoloration were noticed. Lettuce survival was similar among the three tested varieties (98.5 ± 1.7%). The yields for the romaine and iceberg varieties were 384 ± 100 g/lettuce and 316 ± 70 g/lettuce, respectively, and that for the red leaf variety was lower, at 176 ± 75 g/lettuce. Yield values ranged between 3.6 and 4.4 kg/m2 depending on the replicate considered (4.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2). According to present results, each aquaponic unit required ca. 2.6–2.7 L of water per unit of lettuce produced.
{"title":"Production of Flathead Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a Coupled Aquaponic System under Suboptimal Water Temperatures","authors":"Enric Gisbert, Sandra Molas, Esteban Hernández, Ricard Carbó, Alberto Ruiz","doi":"10.3390/fishes9060189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060189","url":null,"abstract":"The combined production of three varieties of lettuce (romaine, iceberg, and red leaf) with flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was tested in triplicate in three independent coupled aquaponic units with no thermal control. For this purpose, a total of 114 fish (2.5 kg/m3) were stocked in each fish tank (2 m3), and 92 lettuces were planted in the hydroponic unit (6 m2). As no thermal control was included in the design of the aquaponic system, water temperatures declined from maximum values of 20.4 °C to minimum values of 5.0 °C, which directly affected fish growth. However, the conditions imposed by the aquaponic system were suitable for promoting lettuce’s growth and external appearance, as no pests or leaf discoloration were noticed. Lettuce survival was similar among the three tested varieties (98.5 ± 1.7%). The yields for the romaine and iceberg varieties were 384 ± 100 g/lettuce and 316 ± 70 g/lettuce, respectively, and that for the red leaf variety was lower, at 176 ± 75 g/lettuce. Yield values ranged between 3.6 and 4.4 kg/m2 depending on the replicate considered (4.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2). According to present results, each aquaponic unit required ca. 2.6–2.7 L of water per unit of lettuce produced.","PeriodicalId":12405,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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