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Aboriginal Tribe’s Knowledge of the Endangered Freshwater Turtle Cuora amboinensis in Car Nicobar, a Remote Oceanic Island in the Bay of Bengal 在孟加拉湾的一个遥远的海洋岛屿Car Nicobar,土著部落对濒临灭绝的淡水龟Cuora amboinensis的了解
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100517
Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar, Sirisha Adamala, Jessica Barman, Kandasamy Saravanan, Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Eswaran Yuvaraj, Gokhlesh Kumar, Sheikh Zamir Ahmed
Freshwater turtles are among the least studied faunas in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Here, we report the presence of freshwater turtles (Cuora amboinensis) from Car Nicobar, a small remote island in the Nicobar archipelago comprising the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the people belonging to Nicobarese tribes (n = 233) to gather their local ecological knowledge as supportive information to obtain a better understanding of the status of turtles in Car Nicobar. Most interviewees (90%) opined that freshwater turtles are found to be rare or very rare on the Island. All the respondents (100%) expressed willingness to contribute to future conservation projects. Community-level awareness emerged as a prominent issue for future conservation using the Garrett ranking method. A stream network map was prepared using the digital elevation model to visualize streams and potential habitats of turtles. This report on the freshwater turtles is essential from an ecological perspective since information is scarce on the freshwater turtles in Car Nicobar. This study emphasizes the importance of the engagement of stakeholders in conservation projects and recommends providing adequate attention to the conservation and protection of freshwater turtle diversity in Car Nicobar.
在印度安达曼和尼科巴群岛,淡水龟是被研究最少的动物之一。在这里,我们报告了来自Car Nicobar的淡水龟(Cuora amboinensis)的存在,Car Nicobar是由安达曼和尼科巴群岛组成的尼科巴群岛中的一个偏远小岛。对Nicobarese部落的人(n = 233)进行了半结构化访谈,以收集他们当地的生态知识作为支持信息,以便更好地了解Car Nicobar的海龟状况。大部份受访者(90%)认为淡水龟在岛上是稀有或非常稀有的。所有受访者(100%)都表示愿意为未来的保护项目做出贡献。社区层面的意识成为使用加勒特排名方法进行未来保护的一个突出问题。利用数字高程模型制作了河流网络图,以可视化河流和海龟的潜在栖息地。从生态学的角度来看,这份关于淡水龟的报告是必不可少的,因为关于Car Nicobar淡水龟的信息很少。本研究强调了利益相关者参与保护项目的重要性,并建议对卡尔尼科巴淡水龟多样性的养护和保护给予足够的重视。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Study of Fishing Vessel Behavior 人工智能在渔船行为研究中的应用
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100516
Xin Cheng, Fan Zhang, Xinjun Chen, Jintao Wang
Monitoring and understanding the behavior of fishing vessels are important in facilitating effective management, preventing illegal fishing, informing fishing grounds and evaluating effects of harvests on fishery resources. In recent decades, a large quantity of real-time data of fishing vessels have become available with the development of vessel-tracking systems, making it possible to study the behavior of fishing vessels in high spatial and temporal resolutions. To effectively and efficiently deal with the large amount of data, algorithms from artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly applied in the study of fishing vessel behavior. In this paper, we first introduce the various data sources for studying fishing vessel behavior and compare their pros and cons. Secondly, we review the AI methods that have been used to monitor and extract the behavior of fishing vessels from big data. Then, studies on the physical, ecological and social mechanisms affecting the behavior of fishing vessels were synthesized. Lastly, we review the applications of fishing vessel behavior in fishery science and management.
监测和了解渔船的行为对于促进有效管理、防止非法捕鱼、通知渔场和评估捕捞对渔业资源的影响非常重要。近几十年来,随着船舶跟踪系统的发展,获得了大量的实时渔船数据,使得对渔船行为的高时空分辨率研究成为可能。为了有效和高效地处理大量数据,人工智能(AI)算法越来越多地应用于渔船行为研究。本文首先介绍了用于研究渔船行为的各种数据源,并比较了它们的优缺点。其次,我们回顾了已经用于从大数据中监测和提取渔船行为的人工智能方法。综合研究了影响渔船行为的物理机制、生态机制和社会机制。最后,综述了渔船行为在渔业科学与管理中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
An Improved Deep Learning Model for Underwater Species Recognition in Aquaculture 水产养殖中水下物种识别的改进深度学习模型
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100514
Mahdi Hamzaoui, Mohamed Ould-Elhassen Aoueileyine, Lamia Romdhani, Ridha Bouallegue
The ability to differentiate between various fish species plays an essential role in aquaculture. It helps to protect their populations and monitor their health situations and their nutrient systems. However, old machine learning methods are unable to detect objects in images with complex backgrounds and especially in low-light conditions. This paper aims to improve the performance of a YOLO v5 model for fish recognition and classification. In the context of transfer learning, our improved model FishDETECT uses the pre-trained FishMask model. Then it is tested in various complex scenes. The experimental results show that FishDETECT is more effective than a simple YOLO v5 model. Using the evaluation metrics Precision, Recall, and mAP50, our new model achieved accuracy rates of 0.962, 0.978, and 0.995, respectively.
区分各种鱼类的能力在水产养殖中起着至关重要的作用。它有助于保护其人口并监测其健康状况和营养系统。然而,旧的机器学习方法无法检测具有复杂背景的图像中的物体,特别是在低光照条件下。本文旨在提高YOLO v5模型在鱼类识别和分类中的性能。在迁移学习的背景下,我们改进的模型FishDETECT使用了预训练的FishMask模型。然后在各种复杂场景中进行测试。实验结果表明,FishDETECT比简单的YOLO v5模型更有效。使用Precision、Recall和mAP50评估指标,我们的新模型的准确率分别为0.962、0.978和0.995。
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引用次数: 0
Complete Mitogenome and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Marine Ray-Finned Fish, Alcichthys elongatus (Perciformes: Cottidae) 长鳍鱼(Alcichthys elongatus)有丝分裂全基因组及系统发育分析(鳍形目:尾鱼科)
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100513
Maheshkumar Prakash Patil, Jong-Oh Kim, Seung Hyun Yoo, Yong Bae Seo, Yu-Jin Lee, Jin-Koo Kim, Shin-Ichi Kitamura, Gun-Do Kim
Alcichthys elongatus is the only species in the genus, and this work is the first to provide a comprehensive mitogenome analysis of this species. The A. elongatus mitogenome was 16,712 bp long, with biased A + T content (52.33%), and featured thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs), twenty-two tRNAs, two rRNAs, and the control region (D-loop). The H strand encoded twenty-eight genes (twelve PCGs, fourteen tRNA, and two rRNA) and the control region, whereas the L strand encoded the remaining nine genes (ND6 and eight tRNA). Except for COXI, which started with GTG, all PCG sequences started with ATG and ended with TAA (ND4L, ND5, COXI, ATP8) or TAG (ND1, ND6) termination codons, with some (ND2, ND3, ND4, COXII, COXIII, ATP6, Cytb) having an incomplete termination codon. Except for tRNA-serine-1 (trnS), the majority of the tRNAs exhibited characteristic cloverleaf secondary structures. Based on 13 PCGs, phylogenetic analysis placed A. elongatus in the same clade as Icelus spatula. This genomic data will be useful for species identification, phylogenetic analysis, and population genetics.
长鳍鱼是该属中唯一的一种,本研究首次对长鳍鱼进行了全面的有丝分裂基因组分析。全长16712 bp,偏A + T含量(52.33%),包含13个蛋白编码基因(PCGs)、22个trna、2个rnas和控制区(D-loop)。H链编码28个基因(12个PCGs、14个tRNA和2个rRNA)和控制区,L链编码其余9个基因(ND6和8个tRNA)。除COXI以GTG开头外,PCG序列均以ATG开头,以TAA (ND4L、ND5、COXI、ATP8)或TAG (ND1、ND6)终止密码子结尾,部分(ND2、ND3、ND4、COXII、COXIII、ATP6、Cytb)终止密码子不完整。除trna -丝氨酸-1 (trn)外,大多数trna具有典型的三叶草二级结构。基于13个PCGs的系统发育分析,将A. elongatus与Icelus spatula置于同一支系。这些基因组数据将有助于物种鉴定、系统发育分析和群体遗传学。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Water Quality, Growth Performance, Hematology, Immune, and Antioxidant Status in Cultured Nile Tilapia with Biofloc Technology 不同碳源对生物絮团法养殖尼罗罗非鱼水质、生长性能、血液学、免疫和抗氧化状态的影响
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100512
Khalid Hussain Rind, Syed Sikandar Habib, Javed Ahmed Ujan, Francesco Fazio, Saira Naz, Aima Iram Batool, Mujeeb Ullah, Sobia Attaullah, Khayyam Khayyam, Khalid Khan
The biofloc technology system (BFT) is considered to be one of the sustainable aquaculture systems, which is based on the principle of nutrient recycling with the addition of a carbon source to give dominance to heterotrophic microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sugar cane molasses and tapioca flour as carbon sources on the water quality, growth, hematology, immune status, and non-specific antioxidant status of Oreochromis juveniles. Methodologically, the experiment was carried out for 10 weeks on 225 juvenile Nile tilapia with initial body weights of 47.0 ± 1.3 g that were randomly distributed in 09 tanks (1000 L) with a stocking density of 25 tilapias per tank; the treatments were: BFT + SM (S molasses), BFT + TF tapioca flour (TF), and a control with no carbon source added. The control group was fed 100% feed, while the BFT experimental groups were fed microbial flocs along with 75% feed. The results revealed that the water quality parameters were affected by the carbon sources, but were adequate for normal fish welfare, and the biofloc volume was higher (28.94) with the TF carbon source. The growth performance, such as weight gain (98.61), survival (99.01), and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.69), was recorded in BFT + TF. Significant improvements in WBCs, HCT, HB, lymphocytes, plasma proteins, albumin, and non-specific immune factors (lysozyme activity, immunoglobulins levels, and ACH50) were observed in biofloc-reared fish with tapioca flour as the carbon source compared to the control and sugarcane molasses groups. Moreover, significant increases in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found in the biofloc-reared fish with different carbon sources. In conclusion, the use of BFT + TF was found to affect improving the water quality, growth, hematology, immunity, and antioxidant status of juvenile Tilapia.
生物絮团技术系统(biofloc technology system, BFT)是一种可持续的水产养殖系统,它基于营养循环的原理,并添加碳源,使异养微生物占主导地位。本研究旨在评价甘蔗糖蜜和木薯粉作为碳源对Oreochromis幼鱼水质、生长、血液学、免疫状态和非特异性抗氧化状态的影响。方法:选取初始体重为47.0±1.3 g的尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼225尾,随机分布在9个1000 L的鱼缸中,每鱼缸放养25尾罗非鱼,为期10周;处理为:BFT + SM (S糖蜜)、BFT + TF木薯粉(TF)和不添加碳源的对照。对照组饲喂100%饲料,试验组饲喂微生物絮凝体和75%饲料。结果表明:碳源对水质参数的影响较大,但对鱼类的正常福利是足够的,且TF碳源的生物群落体积较高(28.94)。BFT + TF分别记录了增重98.61、存活率99.01和饲料系数1.69的生长性能。与对照组和甘蔗糖蜜组相比,以木薯粉为碳源的生物絮凝养殖鱼的白细胞、HCT、HB、淋巴细胞、血浆蛋白、白蛋白和非特异性免疫因子(溶菌酶活性、免疫球蛋白水平和ACH50)均有显著改善。此外,不同碳源的生物絮团养殖鱼的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均显著升高。综上所述,使用BFT + TF对改善罗非鱼幼鱼的水质、生长、血液学、免疫和抗氧化状态有一定的影响。
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引用次数: 1
The Riddle of How Fisheries Influence Genetic Diversity 渔业如何影响遗传多样性之谜
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100510
Daniel E. Sadler, Phillip C. Watts, Silva Uusi-Heikkilä
Overfishing drives population decline, which in turn drives loss of genetic diversity. Many studies provide evidence of declines in genetic diversity; however, controversy exists within the literature, as some studies show evidence of no change in genetic diversity despite decades of overharvesting. The apparent discrepancy in the literature should therefore be examined to understand what biological and ecological processes are driving the differences in results. Here, we assess how different factors contribute to fisheries-induced susceptibility to declines in genetic diversity by first focusing on the different roles of genetic markers. Second, we assess how habitat type and conditions contribute to loss of genetic diversity. Third, we assess how life history and physiology affects catchability and loss of genetic diversity. Finally, we discuss how coinciding abiotic and biotic factors influence the intensity of genetic loss. We find a multitude of these factors could be interacting to influence how results are perceived and how intense the loss of genetic diversity can be. Future studies should carefully consider the methodology of genetic analysis used, as well as considerations of life history and ecology of the target species.
过度捕捞导致种群数量下降,进而导致遗传多样性的丧失。许多研究提供了遗传多样性下降的证据;然而,文献中存在争议,因为一些研究表明,尽管几十年的过度捕捞,遗传多样性没有变化。因此,应该检查文献中明显的差异,以了解是什么生物和生态过程导致了结果的差异。在这里,我们通过首先关注遗传标记的不同作用来评估不同因素如何影响渔业对遗传多样性下降的易感性。其次,我们评估了生境类型和条件如何导致遗传多样性的丧失。第三,我们评估了生活史和生理如何影响可捕获性和遗传多样性的丧失。最后,我们讨论了非生物和生物因素如何影响遗传损失的强度。我们发现,许多这些因素可能相互作用,影响人们对结果的看法,以及遗传多样性丧失的程度。未来的研究应仔细考虑所使用的遗传分析方法,以及考虑目标物种的生活史和生态。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological Niche and Interspecific Association of the Main Fishes in the Coastal Waters of Hainan Island, China 海南岛沿海主要鱼类的生态位和种间关联
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100511
Zhengli Luo, Yanbo Zhou, Ning Liu, Liangming Wang, Yan Liu, Binbin Shan, Manting Liu, Cheng Chen, Changping Yang, Dianrong Sun
This study explored the ecological niche and interspecific relationships among the main fish species in the coastal waters of Hainan Island based on data from fishery stock surveys conducted in the spring and autumn of 2022. The methods of chi-square test, percentage of co-occurrence (PC), association coefficient (AC), cluster analysis, and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the interspecific associations and influence of environmental factors on the ecological niches of fish communities. According to the cluster analysis of niche breadth, 20 main fishes could be divided into broad, medium, and narrow niche species. There were four and eight broad niche species in spring and autumn, respectively. The ranges of niche overlap values were 0.001–0.91 in spring and 0–0.87 in autumn, indicating that the species differed and were similar in their ability to utilize resources, survive in habitats, and prey. According to the variance ratio and statistic value W, the main fishes in spring showed a significant positive association, whereas those in autumn showed a positive association, but not at a significant level, indicating that the main fishes in spring were more closely associated with each other. There were 56 species pairs in the 2 seasons that were significantly associated (χ2 ≥ 3.841). AC and PC tests revealed that the interspecific association was strong and tended to be positive. According to the redundancy analysis, environmental factors such as surface temperature, water depth, and pH significantly affected the main fishes in spring, while environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, bottom temperature, surface salinity, and pH significantly affected those in autumn.
利用2022年春季和秋季渔业资源调查数据,对海南岛沿海海域主要鱼类的生态位和种间关系进行了研究。采用卡方检验、共现率(PC)、关联系数(AC)、聚类分析和冗余分析等方法,分析了鱼类群落种间关联及环境因子对生态位的影响。根据生态位宽度的聚类分析,20种主要鱼类可分为宽、中、窄生态位种。春季和秋季分别有4种和8种宽生态位物种。生态位重叠值春季为0.001 ~ 0.91,秋季为0 ~ 0.87,表明该物种在资源利用能力、生境生存能力和捕食能力上既有差异,也有相似之处。从方差比和统计值W来看,春季主要鱼类呈显著正相关,秋季主要鱼类呈显著正相关,但未达到显著水平,说明春季主要鱼类之间的相关性更为密切。2个季节有56种对呈显著相关(χ2≥3.841)。AC和PC试验表明,种间相关性强,呈正相关。根据冗余度分析,表层温度、水深、pH等环境因子在春季对主要鱼类有显著影响,溶解氧、底温、表层盐度、pH等环境因子在秋季对主要鱼类有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) 苯乙胺是大菱鲆(schophthalmus maximus)的一种潜在密度胁迫信息素
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100506
Jiyuan Li, Yanfeng Wang, Teng Guo, Shihong Xu, Guang Gao, Feng Liu, Xiaoyang Guo, Yanduo Wu, Haixia Zhao, Jun Li
Pheromones play a vital role in regulating fish behavior, including reproduction, aggregation, hazard recognition and food location. To gain a better understanding of chemical communication in fish produced by density changes, this study analyzed the metabolites released by turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted at low (LD: 3.01 kg/m2), medium (MD: 6.62 kg/m2) and high (HD: 10.84 kg/m2) densities for 15 days. High-throughput non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify variations in metabolites released into the aquatic environment by turbot at different densities. Results showed that 29 and 47 metabolites were significantly upregulated in the MD and HD groups, respectively, compared with the LD group. Among them, hexadecanedioic acid, xanthine, phenethylamine, proline and styrene were significantly upregulated in the MD vs. LD, HD vs. MD and HD vs. LD. The VIP diagram of OPLS-DA alignment showed that phenethylamine was the most important metabolite shared by MD vs. LD, HD vs. MD and HD vs. LD. Key gene changes in the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway, HPI axis of turbot were studied using qRT-PCR for density treatment. The results demonstrated that the expression of GH, GHR and IGF-1 was significantly lower, while the expression of CRH and ACTH was higher in the HD group. Additionally, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, triglycerides and T3 were also highest in the HD group compared with the LD and MD groups. Phenylethylamine concentration was positively correlated with the HPI axis and negatively correlated with the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway. To investigate the impact of phenethylamine accumulation on turbot, an acute treatment experiment with phenethylamine was set up. Its concentration in the aquatic environment was set at 0 (CON), 10−7 (LP) and 10−5 (HP) mol/L via exogenous addition, and turbot were exposed to these environments for 2 days. There was a high degree of concordance between the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway (GH, GHR, IGF-1), HPI axis (CRH, ACTH) and plasma physiological changes (cortisol, glucose, triglycerides, T3) in the phenethylamine-treated group and the density-treated group. Therefore, accumulation of phenethylamine with increasing stocking density may be a potential cause of density stress. Phenylethylamine has a dose-dependent and trace effect as a pheromone.
信息素在调节鱼类的繁殖、聚集、危险识别和食物定位等行为中起着至关重要的作用。为了更好地了解密度变化对鱼类体内化学通讯的影响,本研究分析了不同放养密度下大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)释放的代谢物。试验在低密度(LD: 3.01 kg/m2)、中密度(MD: 6.62 kg/m2)和高密度(HD: 10.84 kg/m2)下进行,为期15 d。采用高通量非靶向代谢组学(LC-MS/MS)技术鉴定不同密度大比目鱼释放到水生环境中的代谢物的变化。结果显示,与LD组相比,MD组和HD组分别有29和47种代谢物显著上调。其中,十六烯二酸、黄嘌呤、苯乙胺、脯氨酸和苯乙烯在MD vs LD、HD vs MD和HD vs LD中显著上调。OPLS-DA比对VIP图显示,苯乙胺是MD vs LD、HD vs MD和HD vs LD中最重要的共同代谢物。结果显示,HD组GH、GHR、IGF-1的表达明显降低,CRH、ACTH的表达明显升高。此外,与LD和MD组相比,HD组的血浆皮质醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和T3水平也最高。苯乙胺浓度与HPI轴呈正相关,与GH/IGF-1信号通路负相关。为了研究苯乙胺积累对大菱鲆的影响,建立了苯乙胺急性治疗实验。通过外源添加将其在水生环境中的浓度设定为0 (CON)、10−7 (LP)和10−5 (HP) mol/L,并在这些环境中暴露2天。苯乙胺处理组与密度处理组GH/IGF-1信号通路(GH、GHR、IGF-1)、HPI轴(CRH、ACTH)与血浆生理变化(皮质醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、T3)高度一致。因此,随着放养密度的增加,苯乙胺的积累可能是密度胁迫的潜在原因。苯乙胺作为一种信息素具有剂量依赖性和痕量效应。
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引用次数: 0
Growth Performance and Histomorphology of Intestine, Skin, Gills and Liver of Juvenile Colossoma macropomum Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of the Essential Oil of Nectandra grandiflora 饲粮中添加不同水平桔花精油对巨像幼鱼肠、皮肤、鳃和肝脏生长性能及组织形态学的影响
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100509
Fabio A. C. Santos, Felipe S. Batista, André S. Souza, Gustavo S. C. Julio, Gisele C. Favero, José F. V. Junior, Sílvio T. Costa, Carla C. Zeppenfeld, Nadia H. Bianchini, Berta M. Heinzmann, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Ronald K. Luz
The present study evaluated different levels of the essential oil of Nectandra grandiflora (EONG) in the diet of juvenile Colossoma macropomum. The juveniles (0.75 ± 0.05 g) were fed four experimental diets with differing levels of EONG (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.50 mL/kg). After 20 days, the weight, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily feed consumption per fish were highest for the fish fed 0.5 mL EONG/kg, while after 30 days, only the weight and daily feed consumption per fish for that diet remained highest. The viscerosomatic index was highest for the fish fed 0.5 mL EONG/kg while the hepatosomatic index was higher for the groups that received dietary EONG for 30 days. The juveniles fed 1.5 mL EONG/kg showed a proliferative response of the mucous cells in the gills, but the proliferation of these lysozyme- and immunoglobulin-secreting mucosal cells was higher for the skin of the fish of all EONG levels, compared to that of the control fish. The fish fed 0.5 mL EONG/kg had the greatest height and width of intestinal villi. The two highest levels of dietary EONG supplementation (0.75 and 1.50 mL/kg) reduced the hepatocyte dimensions but did not modify the centrolobular vein area. Dietary supplementation with 0.5 mL EONG/kg improved the growth, gut health, and immune response of juvenile C. macropomum.
本研究评价了大巨像幼鱼饲料中不同含量的桔黄精油(EONG)。分别饲喂4种不同EONG水平(0、0.5、0.75和1.50 mL/kg)的试验饲料(0.75±0.05 g)。饲喂0.5 mL EONG/kg的饲料20 d后,鱼的体重、日增重、特定生长率和日饲料消耗量最高,30 d后,只有该饲料的鱼的体重和日饲料消耗量最高。饲喂0.5 mL EONG/kg组内脏体指数最高,饲喂30 d EONG组肝体指数最高。饲喂1.5 mL /kg EONG的幼鱼鳃粘膜细胞均表现出增殖反应,但与对照鱼相比,所有EONG水平的幼鱼皮肤中溶菌酶和免疫球蛋白分泌粘膜细胞的增殖均较高。饲喂0.5 mL EONG/kg的鱼肠绒毛高度和宽度最大。饲粮中添加两种最高水平的EONG(0.75和1.50 mL/kg)降低了肝细胞的尺寸,但没有改变小叶中心静脉面积。饲粮中添加0.5 mL EONG/kg可改善大鲤幼鱼的生长、肠道健康和免疫反应。
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引用次数: 0
How the luxR Gene Affects the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and the Immune Response of Epinephelus coioides luxR基因如何影响绒舌假单胞菌致病性及石斑鱼免疫应答
3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8100507
Lingmin Zhao, Lixing Huang, Yingxue Qin, Dou Yang, Jiaonan Zhang, Jiaolin Zhang, Qingpi Yan
This study aimed to investigate the effect of reduced expression of the luxR gene on the virulence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and the immune response of Epinephelus coioides. To achieve this, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence the luxR gene, and the pathogenicity of wild-type and luxR-RNAi strains of P. plecoglossicida, as well as the immune response of Epinephelus coioides to the infection of these two strains, were compared. The mutant strain with the highest silencing efficiency of 70.1% was selected for subsequent analysis. Silencing the luxR gene in the mutant strain resulted in a significant 30% reduction in mortality rates in artificially infected Epinephelus coioides compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the host transcriptome, particularly in the spleens of infected Epinephelus coioides, was markedly altered by the silencing of the luxR gene in the mutant strain. Tilapia infected with the luxR-RNAi strain exhibited altered immune defenses, with changes in gene expression primarily in the NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway. These results suggest that the luxR gene plays a crucial role in the host’s resistance to pathogen invasion, and reducing its expression could decrease quorum sensing (QS) signals while increasing the expression of the IL-1β gene in the host’s NLR pathway. This effect may lead to a pro-inflammatory response that enhances the immune response to infection. Further investigation of these mechanisms may lead to innovative approaches to treating bacterial infections.
本研究旨在探讨luxR基因表达降低对绒舌假单胞菌毒力及石斑鱼免疫应答的影响。为此,采用RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)沉默luxR基因,比较pleclossicida野生型和luxR-RNAi菌株的致病性,以及石斑鱼对这两种菌株感染的免疫反应。选择沉默效率最高的突变株(70.1%)进行后续分析。沉默突变菌株中的luxR基因导致人工感染的石斑鱼死亡率比野生型菌株显著降低30%。转录组分析显示,突变株luxR基因的沉默显著改变了宿主转录组,特别是感染的石斑鱼脾脏的转录组。感染luxR-RNAi菌株的罗非鱼表现出免疫防御的改变,主要是nod样受体(NLR)信号通路中基因表达的变化。这些结果表明luxR基因在宿主抵抗病原体侵袭中起着至关重要的作用,降低其表达可以减少群体感应(QS)信号,同时增加宿主NLR通路中IL-1β基因的表达。这种作用可能导致促炎反应,增强对感染的免疫反应。对这些机制的进一步研究可能会导致治疗细菌感染的创新方法。
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